i FORM 5

:lm
and Combinations
:Jde

1 the
ri so KERTAS 1

r1

c find

Mathematical Formulae
1. nPn= nl 4. "Pg=|
= n(n - l)(n - 2) x ... x 3 x 2 x 1
5.'Co-1
) nDt nl
- 6'
"- 1n-v1t "C1 =n
7. nCn= |
nl'
3. 'C-' =
(n-r)lrl 8. "Cr=nCr-,

SPM n6 Question 22 SPM ffi Question 2

L A debating team consists of 5 students. 2 Diagram 9 shows seven lettbr cards.
GDlThese 5 students are chosen from 4 monitors, @Rajah 9 menunjukkan tujuh keping kad huruf.

--J_.x
ln
2 assistant monitors and 6 prefects.
Satu pasukan bahas terdiri daripada 5 orang
pelajar. Pasukan 5 orang pelajar itu dipilih
daripada 4 ketua darjah, 2 penolong ketua
trNtrtrtrtrtr Diagram 9
Rajah 9
darjah dan 6 pengawas.
Calculate the number of different ways the
A four-letter code is to be formed using four
team can be formed if
of these cards.
Suatu kod empat huruf hendak dibentuk dengan
Hitungkan bilangan cara yang berlainan pasukan
menggunakan empat daripada kad-kad itu.'
itu boleh dibentuk jika
(a) there is no restriction. Find
;hed is tiada sy arat dikenakan. Cari

(b) the team contains only 1 monitor (a) the number of different four-letter codes
and
that can be formed.
exactly 3 prefects.
pasukan itu mengandungi hanya I ketua
bilangan htd empat huruf yang berlainan
yang dapat dibentuk.
darjah dan tepat 3 pengawas.
14 marks) (b) the number of different four-letter codes
[4 markah] which end with a consonant.
bilangan kod empat huruf yang berlainan
yang berakhir dengan huruf konsonan.
14 marksl
14 markahl

189

;
SPM nO7 Question 23 SPM 2o0g Question 22 (b
3 A coach wants to choose 5 players consisting 5 There are 4 different Science books and
of 2 boys and 3 girls to form a badminton Gll3 different Mathematics books on a shelf.
team. These 5 players are chosen from Calculate the number of different ways to
a group of 4 boys and 5 girls. ,urange all the books in a row if
Seorang jurulatih ingin memilih 5 orang Dalam rak ada 4 buah buku Sains yang berlainan
pemain yang terdiri daripada 2 orang lelaki dan 3 buah buku Matematik yang berlainan.
dan 3 orang perempuan untuk membentuk satu Hitung bilangan cara yang berlainan untuk
pasukan badminton. 5 orang pemain itu dipilih menyusun semua buku itu dalam satu baris jika
daripada sekumpulan 4 orang lelaki dan 5 orang SPM N1
(a) no condition is imposed.
perempuan.
tiada syarat dikenakan.
8 Th:
Find GE! a 1,,:

Cari @) an the Mathematics books are next to Dt;.-:

each other. be ,.. ..
(a) the number of ways the team can be semua buku Matematik adalah bersebelahan
GII formed. antara satu sama lain.
bilangan cara pasukan itu dibentuk.
14 marks)
(b) the number of ways the team members [4 markah]
@ can be arranged in a row for a group
photograph, if the three girls sit next to nlo
SPM Question 23
each other.
6 There are 6 sweets, each with a different
bilangan cara menyusun ahli pasukan itu
GII flavour, which are to be divided equally
dalam satu baris untuk satu sesi bergambar,
jika between 2 children.
ketiga-tiga pemain perentpuan duduk
bersebd&,an antara satu sama lain. Find the number of different ways the division
of the sweets can be done. [3 marksl
[4 marksl
Terdapat 6 biji gula-gula, setiap satu berlainan
[4 markah] perisa, yang dibahagikan sama banyak antara
2 orang kanak-kanak.
' Cari bilangan cara yang berlainan pembahagian
SPM m Question 23 gula-gula itu dapat dilakukan. [3 markah]
4 Diagram 23 shows six numbered cards,
GJI Rajah 23 menunjukkan enam keping kad nombor.

trtrtrtrtrtr Diagram23
SPM
7
n|l Question 23
Diagram 23 shows seven letter cards.
GllRajah 23 menunjukkan tujuh keping kad huruf.
(a) Nur

Rajah 23 (b) Nuu

A four-digit number is to be formed by using
four of these cards.
Suatu nombor empat digit hendak dibentuk dengan
trtrtrtrMtrtr Diagrant 23
Rajah 23
menggunakan ernpat daripada kad-kad ini. (a) --:
A five-letter code is to be formed using five .-..
How many
Berapa banyak of these cards. (b) ---
Suatu kod lima huruf hendak dibentuk dengan _-
(a) different numbers can be formed? menggunakan lima daripada kad-kad itu. :-- -
nombor yang berlainan yang dapat dibentuk?
Find
' _-

(b) different odd numbers can be formed? Cari :=

nombor ganjil yang berlainan yang dapat
' -:
(a) the number of different five-letter codes
dihentuk?
that can formed.
14 marksf bilangan kod lima huruf yang berlainanyang (a) Num:,
[4 markah] dapat dibentuk.

190

,1il
 i
(b) the number of different five-letter codes Find
; and which begin with a vowel and end with Cari
elf . a consonant. (a) the number of ways 3 marbles can be
IvS tO bilangan kod lima huruf yang berlainanyang
chosen from the box.
bermula dengan huruf vokal dan berakhir
bilangan cara 3 biji guli boleh dipilih dari
'lainan dengan hurufkonsonan.
kotak itu.
at1. [4 marks] (b) the number of ways at least 8 marbles
untuk f4 markahl
ris jika can be chosen from the box.
SPM n12 Question 23 bilangan cara sekurang-kurangnya 8 biji
8 There are 10 different coloured marbles in guli boleh dipilih dari kotak itu.
l?Dl a box. marksl
14
lext to Dalam sebuah kotak terdapat 10 biji guli yang 14 markahl
berlainan warn*.
belahan

rnarks)
nittrkah)

iifferent KERTAS 1
_-I (b) Number of codes formed = apr x 6p:
equal11
ffi^ f.l The number of selections of 5 students from
12 students is I2Cr.
= 480
dir rsion I
i rirrzrks] I fnl 3f prefects,
the team consists of 1 monitor and
(a) The number of ways to select 2 boys from
i then only I assistant monitor can
,e rlainar'
I be chosen. 4 boys is 4Cr.
1i LintAfL; The number of ways to select 3 girls from
I fne number of selections of I monitor from 5 gtns ts ,L3.
| + monitors, 3 prefects from 6 prefects and.
ti.,ihagiar..
i 1 assistant monitor from 2 assistant monitors (b) As the three girls are next to each other,
\ t,rarkah-)
I it 4cr x 6c3 x 2cr. consider the three girls as one girl_
The number of permutatiors of 2 boys and
1 girl is 3P3.
12=4+2+6 The three girls can be arranged among
(a) Number of ways themselves in 3p. ways.
ds. Thus, the total number of ways is 3p. x 3p..
td huruf. =if;
ft) Number of ways = 4Cr x 6!: x 2C*r

iE
= 160

@---l--..*il]ll ,,onit* | 3 Pretects

(a) Number of ways

(b) Number of ways =22r"t.,

,t,
><
*qrit
ffi;.n
(a) The number of four,letter codes which can be : ;?
formed using the seven letters is given by 7po.
using five i
I
(b) There are 4 consonants.
:a). dengart t The number of permutations of a consonant
*I
i#4 (a) The number of different four-digit numbers
:l:t.
I
I
from the 4 consonants is ap,. that can be formed from six digits is 6po.
The number of permutations of the other
1

3 letters from the 6 letters left is 6p..

I @) {e number of ways to arrange the last digit
I
which is an odd number is ap,.
t
Thus, the total number of fourJetter codes I
The number of ways to arrange the other
t formed is 4p, x 6p.. I
I three digits from the five digits IEft is sp.
i
Thus, the total number of four-digit odd
r) Number of codes formed = 7p+ I
numbers that can be formed is ap, x-5p..
I
= 840

,,,,lrtlllillltlililn,.
 I

rnarksf
n0rkah)

llutions KERTAS 1 cotr+2cosr=0

cosr +2cosr'=0
nrurks) ,$# Use cos 2x:1 - 2 sin2 x to form a quadratic sln _r
mencari equation in sin x.
From the quadratic equation in sin x, we obtain
cosr+2sin,rcos-r=0
) cos.r( I+2sin*,=O-@
markah) sin x : to find the values of the angle
; x.
cosl=0
Note that sin x : -2 has no solution. x = 90", 210"
or
3cos2x=8sinx-5 1+2sinx=0
I marksf -2sin2x)=8sinx-5
3(1
3-6sin2-t=8sin;r--5 ,ln, = -*
I markahf 6sin2x+8sinr-8=0 r
= 210", 330"
3sinzx+4sin x-4=0
ns to the (3 sin Thus, x = 90'. 210o, 270', 330"
"x - 2)(sin x + 2) = Q
.2
S1n,f = T
:

(a) tt
0: srnu
3 marksT x = 4lo 49', 138" 11'
t'#.*
"1
cosec =: -p
t

i bilangan or (b) Note that g rs in the second quadrant. Thus,

sin"r+2=0 the value of cos d is negative.
sin x = -2 (No solution) Find the value of cos g in the second quadrant
given sin 0:p.
3 rnarkahl Thus, x = 1l' 49', 138" I 1'
Use the double angle formula:
!:{5 sin 20:2 sin 0cos g
The value of 4 sin 30' is 2.
Rearrange the equation to form a quadratic
I
I equation in sin x in the form ox2 + bx * c : O. sin 0=p and 90" < d< 180'
1

1
Factorise the quadratic equation to find ihe values
l) marks) I
I
of sin x and then the values of x. (a)cosec
' 0= sin9 7

15sin2x=sinx+4sin30" =1p
) nnrkahf
15sin2x=sin-r+2
15sin2x-sin x-2=0 (b) sin 20
i3 marks)
(5sinr*2)(3sinr+1)=Q =2sin9cos0
'-) a
nrurkah) sln.tr=- - 2x p -,T l',J
5 '(-"ri=) cos6= ''
I
'f iolutions x = 23o 35', 156" 25'
= -2p{t -iI
.1
sln.tr=--
3
l3 rrtarAsl Faclorise out cos x to obtain cos x(3 sin x - l ) : O.

s. -rirrll ttltrtti'
x = I99" 28',340o 32' Solve for cosx: 0 and i sinx - I: 0.
Thus, x = 23" 35',156" 25',199" 28',340" 32, Note that sin x is positive in the first and second
quadrants.

J , COSX
i3 nmrkahl ib---r LnanPe Cot X [O
" -stnx
i Express the equation in the form of cos x + 3sin,r'cosr-cos.r=0 Factorise out
2sinxCosx:0. cos x(3 sin -r - l) = Q cos r.
Factorise out the common factor cos x and proceed
to solve the trigonometric equation. CoSx=0
x = 90', 2J0'

183

mn*
 t
or (bt
3sinx-1=0 ,i;,r8
lid;-ri
Use sin 20 : 2 sin 0 cos 0 to form the equqtion
s

.1 n
2sin0cos0-cos0:0.
sm.r = I Factorise out the Common factor cos 0 and proceed
5 I

x = 19" 28',760" 32'

I
I
I
:::':::T lll"'1" *_ l

Thus, x = 19" 28',90', 160o 32', i7O" sin 20 = cos I

2sin9cos0=cos0
Angle A is in the second quadrant and angle B is 2sin?cos0-cos9=0
&r#1
'i:ik i in the first quadrant. cos0(2 sin0-1) =0
I
Make a sketch in each quadrant and complete the cos 6= 0
i
1

I
triangle for the angle. 0 = 90",2J0o ir0
: L.
*F-.]

I
I (a) Use the definition an e or
x
i
sin g=1 I
(b) 4
I
!
Find the values of sin A, sin B, cos and 2 I

t
cos B from the diagram. 0= 30', 150" j c,aa
I
Then, substitute the values into cos (A - B)
I
i
I
: I
cos,4 cos + sin A sin B. Hence, 0 = 30", 90", 150o, 270
tar2
(tan g
7
Use tan A: a4 and the fact that I is acute to find tan I

the values of sin / and cos A which are both

positive.
-7

L
Use tan B :; and the fact that B being a reflex
il, :
.in4- 1
cosB=, angle, is in the 5rd quadrant, to find the values
13
of sin I and cos 8, which are both negative.
A = -12 sinB=a \\,'her .

"o" t3 (a) Use cot,4 :

' ' r
tan 4
and the value of
(a)tan A=-5 : a
When:
t2 tan 4 to evaluate cot.4.
4
(b) cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sinA sin B Hence.
(b) Use the formula sin (4 + 8) : sin A cos I +
= _L(L\* a(1) cos 4 sin B and the values of sin .4, cos
13 \5/
B,
13 \s/
cos 4 and sin B obtained to evaluate KERTAS:
__48 + 15
65
a4
65 *_:9::',1- (a) u
=--65 -) -')
sir
tarrA=2 is
I

ffi : I 4
(b) rh
!

i
Use the identity I + tan2 0
tan2 0 in terms of sec2 e.

'
Then, write sec' e as -];
sec2 g to

to obtain an expression
express

l')'
lo
',/l- sinA=1
cos A = --!
5
L
5
an

Re
i
cos'O
i
_'7
I
:Yi:l"it1t3. t tanB= ' =-!-1
Dri

-74 BA -24 24
w-71
nut
I +tarj2 0 = secz 0 sinB=-Z
L,.'-<
tan20=secz0-l |
25 Th(
inte
= --.!=-
cosz 0
-t I
crs B - -24
25
_l I (a) cosec
p-a^ lt4
(a)cotA=r,unA= =1+
= 1-P' 3 =J -l
-t-
p2 4 = COS

184

UF;F"-
 (b) sin (A + B) = sinA cos B + cosA sin B (b) (i), (ii)
quation 41 7\ ) xl
5\-xl *
-=3(_24\ s\-xl -1ft -J

I
\ l/
Proceed
=_72 *r_2q) 1

125 \ t25t ;;:;/

__t00 \ \ //
3
t25
-)-a---f r \ln l2n
=-45 \;/ \21
Iio
F.!
j

l
Factorise
tan 0-
the quadratic equation in tan 9. Solve
2 : 0 and tan 0- 1 : 0 to find the
3

1
VV
,
values of 9.
1

Note that tan 0 is positive in the first and the third 31cosec2 x-2sin2 x-cot2 *t=*-
l
quadrant.
1

I
JCOSI.Y=--lf
_r.
ar? e-3tano+2=o ^-rl
COSI-d=---
(tan 0- 2Xtan 0- 1) = 0 3n3
tan 0=2 or tan 0= I -.- x 1
'-.: io finC J- ^ sTE 3
::e botl'
The suitable straight line to be drawn is
,- . , rcfler
: < e
'!i'!
y= x -
-3n3
1.

:^: value:
Whenx=0..v=-;.t
Whentan0=2, J
0 = 63" 26',243' 26' When;r=7r,)=0.
,= li
When tan 0 =.1, Number of solutions = 4
. = 45",225"
e
*,.
Hence, 0= 45",63" 26',225",243" 26'
3

the graph of y : 2 cos x, the amplitude

*"-l (a) For
1tu,
-j:osB- is 2 and the number of cycle is 1.
- .nc F
KERTAS 2 The graph of y : -2 cos x is the reflection of
:' evalual.
the graph of y : 2 cos x in the x-axis.
I

Use the basic identity I + cot2 x cosec2 x to: (b) z rotx:

simplify the expression to I -
2 sin2 x which
I
Rearrange the equation !X + O into

is the same as cos 2x.

I
l
-z
^nLU>A--.
X
The graph of y : 6et 2x has two cycles and I Draw the curve y : 3X ,o determine the
an amplitude of 1. I
number of intersections.
Reanange the equation into cos U:+Zn3
*+ I .
(a), (b) ,
Draw the straight line y: +3n3
- + to find the
1. 11 number of intersections with the graph
Y : cos 2x-
The number of solutions is the number of
intersections of the straight line and the curve.

(a) cosec2 x - 2 sir? x - co? x

=l +coP x-2sin2 x-co? x
=l-2sirix
= cos 2x

185