Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Elements of Fitness
The four main elements of fitness are:
- technique & training
- stretch
- fluid
- rehabilitation
Mouth Injuries
Mouthguards act like a crash helmet for the mouth and teeth.
What injuries can the mouthguard protect against?
- cuts to the lip, mouth and tongue
- jaw fractures
- risk of concussion
Initial Assessment of Injuries
Deciding if a player can continue on…
TOTAPS
- Talk- What happened, What was the mechanism of injury, Where does it hurt, Did you
hear any sounds; i.e. cracks, snaps?
- Observe- Look for obvious deformity; if it doesn’t look right...it probably isn’t, Look for
swelling, Look for discolouration
- Compare the bad side to the good side
- Touch- Tenderness: mild, moderate, severe Location: Soft tissue, bone
Heat/temperature- if hot more blood
- Active- Assess how much movement athlete can do by themselves.. is it full range?
When does it get painful? Where is it painful?
- Passive- How much movement is there passively? i.e. movement YOU can make,
Compare the bad side to the good side.
- Skills- If all OK so far.. then need to test the athlete with the sport specific skill.. running
on the spot hopping jumping “Z” running, Must be something to test the injury…
RICER
Aim- reduce further damage to tissue
Prevent excessive scar formation
Most important in the first 24-72 hours
- Rest- Remove player from field, Rest injured area, Immobilise area. Why? Reduces
further tissue damage, Reduces blood flow, Allows for full assessment of injury
- Ice- Icing: ice bags- gel packs and frozen peas, instant ice packs, ice water baths and 20
mins on 2 hrs off. Why? Cools the area, constricts blood vessels, reduces blood flow and
fluid leakage, less swelling, pressure and pain
- Compression- Compress injured area: elastic bandage, cohesive bandage, strapping
and move distal to proximal. Why? External pressure reduces fluid leakage and bleeding
into tissues, Provides support to the area, Immobilises the area; i.e. REST
- Elevation-
Why?
- Referral- To a doctor or physicist
Why?
Alcohol
What is it?
- Alcohol, also known as ethanol , is made through a process called fermentation. During
fermentation, yeast breaks sugar down into ethanol and carbon dioxide.This process is
done without any air present and once complete, the carbon dioxide gas bubbles out into
the air, leaving ethanol and water behind.
- It is classified as a…..
- Depressant- Slows down the brain's messages through the central nervous system.
Standard drinks
Alcohol in the body once swallowed, a drink enters the stomach and small intestine, where
small blood vessels carry it to the bloodstream. Approximately 20% of alcohol is absorbed
through the stomach and the remaining 80% is absorbed through the small intestine.
The liver can metabolise only 10g of alcohol per hour, regardless of the amount that has been
consumed
Effects on the Body
Research….
● Alcohol dependency
● Cancers (including cancer of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, bowel (in men)
and breast (in women)
● Cirrhosis and liver failure
● Heart and cerebrovascular diseases including hypertension and stroke
● Problems with the nerves of the arms and legs
● Sexual and reproductive problems (impotence, fertility)
What is a ‘hangover’?
A severe headache or other after-effects caused by drinking an excess of alcohol.
Myths Facts
Waking up drunk- you can’t really still be Sleep, eat well- give back your body what it
drunk from a night before, it probably means didn’t get while drinking
you have a heavy hangover.
Myth or truth?
Myth: Men have a higher average total body water content than women (62% compared to
52%), meaning men are better able to dilute alcohol than women. Other factors have also been
reported that can make women more sensitive to alcohol, such as enzyme differences.All these
factors mean that women are more at risk than men from the same level of drinking.
Truth: while food and water may ease some of the symptoms they won't cure a hangover. The
best way to avoid one is to moderate your drinking and have water between alcoholic drinks.
Remember that water won’t make you any less drunk or protect your liver.
Alcohol is a fattening
Truth: There can be almost 200 calories in a large glass of red wine. And any sugar in mixers or
cocktails comes on top of the alcohol content of the spirits. Alcohol also reduces our self control,
making it easy to eat too much.
Percentage of young people who report having consumed alcohol in the past month:
What types of alcohol are consumed by young people:
● Pre-mixed spirits are the most popular drinks
● Beer and wine are the next most popular
● Pre-mixes spirits are the most popular among girls
● Beer is the most popular among boys
Peer Pressure
Definition- pressure put on people from their peer group to take a certain action, adopt
certain values or behave in a certain way
With power comes the responsibility to use the power in ways that show respect and
concern for others
Arrangements for balancing power can be formal and written down, for example:
- the Australian Constitution
- anti-discrimination laws
- school rules and
- teachers’ code of conduct
People are more at risk of being emotionally and physically hurt when they have
relatively little power in a situation.