Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a colourless and odorless gas. It is relatively nontoxic and
noncombustible, but it is heavier than air and may asphyxiate by the displacement of air.

When CO2 is solved in water, the mild carbonic acid, is formed. Cooled CO2 in solid form is
called dry ice.

Carbon dioxide phase diagram

Chemical, physical and thermal properties of carbon dioxide:

Values are given for gas phase at 25oC /77oF / 298 K and 1 atm., if not other phase,
temperature or pressure given.

Property Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit

Acidity (pKa1) 6.35

Acidity (pKa2) 10.33

Boiling Point -
194.686 K -78.464 °C -109.24 °F
sublimation point

Critical density 10.63 mol/dm3 467.6 kg/m3 0.9073 slug/ft3 29.19 lb/ft3

Critical pressure 7.38 MPa=MN/m2 73.8 bar 72.8 atm 1070 psi=lbf/in2

Critical temperature 304.13 K 30.98 °C 87.76 °F

Critical volume 94.12 cm3/mol 0.00214 m3/kg 1.102 ft3/slug 0.03426 ft3/lb

Density 40.8 mol/m3 1.795 kg/m3 0.00348 slug/ft3 0.1121 lb/ft3

Density, gas at
44.9 mol/m3 1.977 kg/m3 0.00384 slug/ft3 0.1234 lb/ft3
32°F/0°C 1 atm

Density, liquid at -34.6

°F/-37°C, saturation 25017 mol/m3 1101 kg/m3 2.136 slug/ft3 68.73 lb/ft3
pressure

Density, solid at -109.3

35492 mol/m3 1562 kg/m3 3.031 slug/ft3 97.51 lb/ft3
°F/-78.5°C, 1 atm
 Property Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit

Flammable no

Gas constant - R [ft lbf/slug [ft lbf/lb

188.92 J/kg K 0.0525 Wh/(kg K) 1130 35.114
(individual) °R] °R]

Gibbs free energy of

-394.00 kJ/mol -8953 kJ/kg -3849 Btu/lb
formation

Heat (enthalpy) of
0 kJ/mol 0 kJ/kg 0 Btu/lb
combustion

Heat (enthalpy) of
-393.50 kJ/mol -8941 kJ/kg -3844 Btu/lb
formation

Heat (enthalpy) of
9.02 kJ/mol 205 kJ/kg 88.11 Btu/lb
fusion

Heat (enthalpy) of
26 kJ/mol 591 kJ/kg 254 Btu/lb
sublimation, at 180 K

Heat (enthalpy) of
16.70 kJ/mol 379.5 kJ/kg 163.14 Btu/lb
evaporation at 15°C

Heat (enthalpy) of
evaporation at triple 15.55 kJ/mol 353.4 kJ/kg 151.93 Btu/lb
point

Heat capacity, Btu/lb°F

37.35 J/mol K 0.849 kJ/kg K 0.203
Cp (isobaric) or cal/g K

Heat capacity, Cv Btu/lb°F

28.96 J/mol K 0.658 kJ/kg K 0.157
(isochoric) or cal/g K

Ionization potential 13.77 eV

Molecular Weight 44.0095 g/mol 0.09702 lb/mol

pH of saturated
3.7
aqueous solution
 Property Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit Value Unit

Solubility in water 0.148 g/100 g 1.48 g/l=mg/ml

Sound velocity in gas 269 m/s

Specific Gravity (density

1.53
relativ to density of air)

Specific Heat Ratio -

1.29
Cp/Cv

Specific Volume 0.0245 m3/mol 0.557 m3/kg 287.1 ft3/slug 8.92 ft3/lb

Standard molar entropy,

213.8 J/mol K 4.86 kJ/kg K 1.16 Btu/lb °F
S°

Sublimation Point 194.686 K -78.464 °C -109.24 °F

Surface tension at
16.2 dynes/cm
melting point

Btu/hr ft
Thermal Conductivity 0.01663 W/m°C 0.009609
°F

Triple point pressure 0.5180 MPa=MN/m2 5.180 bar 5.112 atm 75.12 psi=lbf/in2

Triple point temperature 216.59 K -56.56 °C -69.81 °F

Vapor (saturation)
6.45 MPa=MN/m2 48379 mm Hg 63.66 atm 935.5 psi=lbf/in2
pressure

Viscosity, dynamic [lbm/ft [lbf

1.495 cP 1004.6 31.22
(absolute) s*10-6] s/ft2 *10-6]

Viscosity, kinematic 0.834 cSt 8.977 [ft2/s*10-6]

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Follow the links below to get values for the listed properties of carbon dioxide at
varying pressure and temperature:
  Density and specific weight
 Dynamic and kinematic viscosity
 Prandtl number
 Specific heat (heat capacity)
 Thermal conductivity
See also more about atmospheric pressure, and STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP -
Normal Temperature and Pressure,
as well as Thermophysical
properties of: Acetone, Acetylene, Air, Ammonia, Argon, Benzene, Butane, Carbon
monoxide, Ethane, Ethanol, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen
sulfide, Methane, Methanol, Nitrogen,Oxygen, Pentane, Propane, Toluene, Water and Heavy water, D2O.

Carbon dioxide is a gas at standard conditions. However, at low temperature and/or high
pressures the gas becomes a liquid or a solid.

The phase diagram for carbon dioxide shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature
and pressure. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the carbon dioxide
boiling point with changes in pressure. The curve between thr triple point downwards to zero
pressure shows the sublimation point with changes in pressure (Sublimation: transformation
from solid phase directly to gas phase). Carbon dioxide in solid phase is called dry ice.

At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases
(gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.