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6tlh century BC, by Sun Tzu, Composed of :(,31 chapters, each 0',. which 'is devoted to one aspect of warfare, 'it has; long been pral sed a s the d efinltive work on m i llta r"~-y"'::': strategies 'a~' n':--' d ta ctlcs

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The Art of 'W'ar iis one of the oldest books Ion military' strategv ln the world. L,iike a work, of mathematics or science, much of the

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most successful works on, strategy aod has had a huge In'flu[,enl'Ce' Ion E,ast'erln and W'e.sternl milltarv thinking, business tactlcs, and beyond, Sun T'ZUI 'was the first to' recognize the lmportancc 0'" posltlo .• ··.~'n-I"·· i'nla ii-n·.·· strateav and that p·,;o .. asltlon ls affecte .• · · .• d both bv

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subjective opinions of competttlve actors iin that: environment. Hie taught that strategy 'was not: plan ning 'i'n the sense of working through a to-do list, instead it: requires q1uiiclkly responding appropriately to changing condltlons. Planning works 'i'nl a controlled environment, b,ut in, a competitive environment, competing plans collide creating situatlons that no one' plans.

The book 'was first: translated into a E,luJrop'e'an language 'in 17,8,2, b"y' Fr'E!'nlch[ Jesuit Jean Joseph Mariie' Amiot, and had possibly lnfluenced Napoleon, and even the planning of Operation Desert Storm taaders as diverse as Mao Zedong IG,eneral Pervez


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Mlus[h,arraf', Vo Ngu'y'enl Glap and Ge'nle'lral Douglas MlalcArtlhur have claimed to have drawn lnsplration from the work.

The Art of W',ar has also been applied, with much success, to b uslness and managerial strategies n

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sun rzu \,'als-,e'lr eun ,:, IS ani nonormc trne oestowe upon sun

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lnfluential ancient Chli'nllese book on mllltarv strategv. He, iis also one of the lela rliest realists in International relations theory.

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Ilnl the author's name the' character 'WU, meaning "militarv" .. is

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who liv .... ·e-,,:d-: '"'I:n'-" the state of "W'-, ,',':' .... 'u '"1- n the :6',t···, h , centu rl"V',·:,: B,-'ie·· -. and

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therefore a contemporary of one of the great Chinese thinkers 0'1 ancient times -Confucius, According to tradltion, Sun 'Tzu was a, member of the shl, The shl were landless Chinese aristocrats

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Perio,d,. Uln[Ii'k,le' most shl, wlho were traveling academics, sun 'Tzu worked as, 91 rnercenarv [similar to a modern military consultant). According to tradition, King Helu ot 'W'u hired Sun Tzu as a general approximately 5:1,2 Be after finishing his Imi[Htary famous treatise. Wlhat is now known as the The Art of W'alr was entitled SIUln Tz,u,; naming a work after the author was common in C:hinl8 prior to the Qiin era. After hli,s hiring, the kingdom of WUI , __ which


had previously been considered a seml-barbartc state' - 'went on to become the most powerful state of 'the period b1y' conquering Chu, one of the most powerful states 'in the Spring a nidi Autumn Period. Sun 'T,lU,I' alwavs wanting a peaceful and quiet life, suddenly disappeared when K,iinlg Halu finaU'y' conquered Chu. A,s a result, his exact date of death remains unknown .. ""


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r, Sun Tzu said: The art of war ls of vital importance to the State,

:Z~ It is a matter of hfe and death, a road elther to safetv air to ruin. Hence it: is ell subject of lnqulrv which can ani no account bel

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:3. The art IO'f' war - then. is aoverned bv five constant factors. to

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be taken 'into account i'n one's dl,ellli'lber,at:'ilons- when seeking .. to

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determine the condtttons obtalnlng iiln the field.

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'with thelr ruler, S,OI that thev [will follow him regardless of their rives} undlsmaved b,y any danger,

'7~ Heaven signlfies night and dav cold and heat, times and sea '5',0' I'n';" ,'S'-

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8. Eartlh comprises distances great and small; danger and

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and death.


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""I, , ese ive neaos SI!O'U_ ie ammar tn every generau ne WIO

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the milltarv condltlons, let them bile made the basis of 18 comparlson, iin, this wls,el:~~

13"., fl,) 'W'lhlch of' the, two sovereigns ls im bued with the' Mlolral lalw'? (2) 'Whilch of the two generals has most abUiity'? (:,3) W'ith whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and IEarth? (14') On whlch slde le ·d···.· lscl aline mcst rleorc - ····~I~,,/ enforc .·····d,r;» '("·5= \ ~W"'i",:lh;'~.::,h:'-· - . _I WI_C,_I! S __ 8 IS .. SC,1IP Ine mos-, r_g,orou,S_y en _10_ ce~ ',>1' _Ie,

armv ls stronger? {,6,') Din 'which side are officers and men more hi'ghll'y trained? [7:) ~ n which armv ls there the greater constancv

b o th 'III' n rewa rd and PI'I-'-'U,I - n lsh Im::_--~I-n--_--·'"tIL?

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14,., By' means of these seven conslderatlons 'I can forecast vlcto ry"-;"'-'_'- o.·:······.'r;··' d lefea t.

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1-115:: The general that hearkens to rnv counsel a:- nd acts - rpon i',t·-,

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WI. conquerr te . sue. a one ne Ire ame m comman _. me

general that hearkens not to my counsel nor' acts upon It, w'UI

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lr6,~, 'W'hHle' heading the profit of ImlY counsel, avail vourself also of any helpful circumstances over and bevond the ordlnarv rules,

17',., ,A ceo rd 'i n,g: as circumstances are favorable, one should rnodifv one's plans ..


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19~ Hence, when able t[Q attack, we must: seem unable: when uslng our forces w'e must seem mactlve: when we are near}, we

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'we must make him beUe'v'e' we' are near.

:20. Hold out balts to entice the enemy" Feiis:n disorder, and crush hiim ..

:24~ Attack him where he lis unprepared, appear where you are' not expected ..

:2& .. N[o'w the general who wins a battle makes rnanv calculations ln his temple ere the battle iis fought. The general who loses a

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calculatlons lead to victorv, and flew calculations 'to defeat: how much m tore no c alculat :'1·0' . n a,"···t···, a'"III 1 I-t" I'"S" by'" a,···t" :t'e" ntlon to t 'h' '1·'$'-' poln t'

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1~, Sun Tzu said: lin the operations of war, where there are 'in the field '8'-' tho "[u- "s'," and 's~:·'W"-,il··ft,Ti-- cha riots :. '8':-:" s m ra n-"'V""; heavv ch iarlo ts and '8':-:'

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hundred thousand mall-dad so I ,dl'iie rs, with provisions enough to carrvthern a thousand Ill, the expendlture at horne and at the front, ii[nc'luldi'[ng entertainment of guests, small i te rns such as :o'l]--e and paint, and sums scent on chariots and armor, ~,~",~nl

I) U . ~.. _. I ~ . II " .. ,. . u, ~". . t"". ,... .,. - . ~ , . ~ . . . ,. ~ ~ .,. ., .. 1 , .. ,.} W ~ ~ .

reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day .. Such ls the cost or; ralslng Ian arrnv of 1.010,000 men.

2~, W'hen vou engage 'in [BlctU811 'fighti'nlg:,,., if vlctorv lis IOlng ln corning, then men's weapons w'i'lll grow dU11l and their ardor w'UI be damped. If' you lay siege to [8 town vou [will exhaust vour strength.

3_· A- . ' .. - !Ii'f t .. he ,'. ". _ '. --.' 'Ii'. '--' s , _., . ·,t .. , -", t· ". d' f th -- r.--,' '. -- .,' . - --.' -- . "--' " --'. f'~ ·t· h --.

"[I' ~\Igaln, L,_'e' c,a[mpallgn IS pro:,rac-e;:I~,IJ'e resourc:le.s, O!I 91

State ·W·,· __ ·,",·-I'·' I II not b •• e~, eq ~ .. ral to [to; h 'e'~" stra -I" n

..... ' I ' .. ' . .'. u.... . " . II.

4~, NOI'W, when vour weapons are dulled, y'olur ardor damped, vour strength exhausted and vour treasure spent other

,," ., , .. ...., ,~-: ., , .. "-"" , .. , . , , , , , ',' ,.,' ',' . ." . . , . ,. ., . r"'" ,II ..". , .

ehlettalns wUI s:plri[ng~/ UJPI; to take adva .. antage of Y·\.'_-,IO-I-I.'r extremltv.

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Then n 01 rn '-. a n -h:I.O'·:"IW""'",,··[Q'V-"_"·"lo'r·' ·W·'·:·_-"':""'I~I~ ·w'·_.····,:!lI'lrl be able 't-,··o·, avert the con :S"'~-'

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th - t·

. --- '.'_ .. '~ ,.'~ .'- _, - _; '-'.:_ '-~' - ""1" .'."". _' '_, '- .... ,' r .' .. '

quences that mUSI, ensue.

s. There is no Instance of ,a countrv having' beneflted from prollong:ed warfare.


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,5

'7. It ls onlv one who ls thoroushlv acq uainted wlth the evils of

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'war that can thoroughly understand the' profitable w,ay' of carrying it on ..

9,. Br'in:! war rnaterlal wlth you from horne, but forage on the enemy, Thus the army wiiU have food enough for lts needs.

10~ Plov'ert,v of the State exchequer C,8US,I!,S an arrnv to be malntalned by contrjbutlons from a distance. Contributing to' malntaln a-n arrnv at a distance causes the pe 10·": ple tIO>;, be'Ce"1

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im poverished I'

1,2~ W[hen their substance is drained aWB'y, the peasantry wU~ be affllcted by heavv exactions.

1,3, '114~ Witlh thls 10$,$ o,f substance land exhaustion of strength the homes of the people will be stripped bare}, and three-tenths

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for broken chariots worn-out horses breast-plates a nidi helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles draught-oxen and heavy waeons. will amount to four-

I .. . ... _.}I ., ,~,., .,. .,.," . ..... ', .. ' .. , .1::) I. '" .... .1 .1.1 ,I , .... ...

tenths of ~t:s total revenue.

1,5,. Hence a wise general makes 81 point of foraging on the enemy, One cartload of the enemv's provislons ls equivalent to twentv of one's own, and likewise a single picul of his provender lis equjvalent 'tOI twentv from one's o'wn store .. ,


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1'11,~, Therefore ~n chariot 'fli,ghtiin,g, when ten or more chariots halve been taken], those should lb'e rewarded who took the' first ..

0- .- or' 0" '.,- .a --n° fla g'-'S-- sho - -Id" b .. ··e·· s- - -. bst ~t .. ,- rte d ,- fo -r' th "0" s·, e' o"'f"'-: th .. ··e-·'· e"-' n'" e"- m-" ",c,,-

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and the' chariots mingled and used iin conjunctlon wltlh ours. The captured soldiers, sbould be k'indl~y' treated and kept,

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ra 1:15 IS caueo, usrngtne ccnquerec roe ,0 augment one s

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_' ,_ _ _ . __ . ..' _ ._ _ _' '_:~, ,: ., ~ 1_ ~

~1-I'·9":·I- II-n:- wa r then let vou - r 'D-r=~"a=-'t·i' oblect b\IO 'Vil:C~tOI~ -ry=~.( n '-O-,.'t- lengt J'-'h:-'V':'

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..

campaigns,

, ., ..." _' , ... _ ,.,' " rii

20,11 Thus it rnav b,e known that the leader 0'1' armies 'is the arbiter of the people's fate, the man on whom 'it depends whether the natlon sha II be II n peace or i~ -- perll,

_ , ~ _ _ ~ _." _ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ., ~ [_1- - ~. - - - - ,n _ ~ - - - I -


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..

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r, Sun TZUI said: In the, practical art of war the best thing of all 'is to take the enemy's country whole and Intact; to shatter and destrov it [5 not S,IO good, S,OII tIOOI} it: ls better 'to recapture an

armv entlre than to destroy' lt, 'to capture a regiment, a d .. detach rnent ID'-r" a company .. :·· entlre tha 'n'" ,t'-'O'i~' destroy them :

.' . , .. ,. [ " _, " , ." '. . .' [[ .. ." ',' .' " ..1 , ,I, , '.'. . .' .•. . " ". I. ,Ii

:2~ Hence to 'fighlt land conquer ln all vour battles ls not supreme excellence: supreme excellence conslsts lin breaking the enemy's resistance without flghtlng.

'3'~ 'Til 'h""- rs the h ~'g"-'h-' . e s···t'-' fo rm of generalship is to b 'a"~lk-"- th e'" e' n e" ""m"'-' "s

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P-I~a,'",·· n····[IST~ the . .._. next best is 't[I-:O- pre ... event the J,i'IU'1 nc .. -··,t·-:I~I'O.·-·· ..• n of ,ti·-:h'l. ~ enemy's

I , ,n,. . . .. 11'""'.. . 1 ••••• ' •••••••••.••• 1 ,,~, I .

forces: the next ~n order ls to attack the enemy's army in the field; and the worst pollcv of 21111 ls to besiege w',alll,ed cities.

,4~ The rule ls, not tOI besiege walled clties If' lit can possibly bel avoided. The preparatlon 10't' rnantlets, movable shelters, a nidi various implements of war, will take u,p three whole months:

a nd ,t'-['h:':' "e··~ pl ll "0·:'--"8" ~U[-P"-II of m ,0:' U··"' nds ove :r'- ,a~: ga '~I: n st -, t h':: :e.:';_: wa ~ -I s '-w,',:il: '1-1 t - ~a~' ke

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t h r'l )le'·le~' m: ..... 0> nth r-S' ,,:', mi'" O,"lr' ·'e······-· '.

I ~ . .' . .~_ '. . _ ~ . ~ _'.' .~"~. I~ . . J . _ ~

[6~ Therefore the skLUI'full IIB,ader subdues the enemy's troops without lany fightlng; Ihe captures their clties without, la'Vi'n,g


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siege to them: he overthrows their ki ngd ami wlthout Ilelnigth'y' oper a tions I-n' ,." th 'I~I f "1;0;'12-" [d

_~:_I.,I-. , __ , _ .,_,~ _, ... ;;t

'7., 'W']thl his forces intact he wU11 dispute the mastery of the E:mIP'irel, and thus w'it:holut losing [a man, hi's triumph wlll be complete. This ls the method of attacking by' stratagem,

,B,~, lit 'is the rule ln war, if our forces are ten to the enemy's one, to surround him; ii'f' [flue to one, to attack, hlrn; 'if twlce as, numerous, tOI dlvlde our army into two.

9~, Ilf equally matched, 'Wle, can offer battle: 'if' sltghtlv inferlor in, numbers. we-",: can avoid the enemv: iif quite unequal ln everv

__ u " _ _ __ _ _" __ ~_ __ __ ~ -v, -- -- u_ . -- UI_'~~:_.-_IU-:;"- I_I_~_-'V'::_:_I"

w'aIV,/' we can flee from him.

·l··I~O- H-·I-'-('·'-[' thor ah ~.·.···I obsti I<~ te 'fit zht '--i"-""":'-' be ~:. de bv ~ :~' '11:- ~I

"[I,ence,. ,DUg,. an O_S rna e I,g,._, may __ e rna _- e nv all srnau

fo rc:e'-:'> - ln ,t: .he end ~·t:··-, -m·_ .. ·· c. st b ie-~-: 'c[-:a·· ptu red bv the II a> r'a1e-!r fo ···ric1e·-·,, -

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l:l,,~, Nlo'w the general [,5 the bulwark of the State: If' the bulwark [Is complete art, al II points: the State will [be strong; if the bulwark i's def ect :·I:·V··,:·,'·e·_:_·' th re ·S""tl at 'a :w'~11 b ,·'-·e-·-·' :W"· "·,\e_:_-":a·-·· 'k"

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12·:-'-':,-, There a~- -re,-.; th ree W,,'·_'.-,'\:,,'a·~ly.·.·,',·,[~[ '~in,' wh lc :h-·II [8'--" ru '1- er C .. ·• .a n bring rn lsfortune

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: . . - .'

U P·-'O· .. an his [8= rmvr--

.. . . .. I I.. .. . , •

• 1.1

1'1'~1, '(>1"'1 '-); I~.·y:,'/ corn im "B-: nd -In'O' the armv to a d vance or to retreat b •. elna

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ignorant of the fact that it cannot obev, Thlis iis called hobbling the aJ' ". r:m-"y"

,,~:~ I. . .,> I

1-4 ('?2~:--' ,-"" B····V,·" att :e'-"-m-' ipt mg t '0' g'- :O-'-"V' "'e-' rn an arrnv I·'-n' th 'e' '., sam --' e-'" 'W"""a'"'V''' as h e-'

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administers [8 kingdom, being [g,no'ir,alnt of the condltlons which obtain ln an armv. This causes restlessness ln the soldier's minds.

Copyrig[hted material

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9

,

1,5~ (31) By ernplovlng the officers of hls arm'y wlthout dlscrlrnlnation, through ig'nlor,BlnCI!1 Off the mi'llliitary principle IQ'f adaptation to

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clrCIUmIS,'_:anc:es,,. [liS S "al_;:',esl_',e c:Oln'_l enlce o:I .. :e sO: . .lelrS'1

1t!!: But wh e..-::· n the a- -r .... 'm·'::- -y- ~I"S~-' restless a ..... m d d'-'- .. I:S .... rtrustfu -[-I trou ble '·I:S~-' sure

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to corns 'from the other feudal prlnces. Thls ls siimlply brlnglng

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anarc V into " "e armv anc " lllnlging Victory away,

1'7 .. Thus we m,8'y know that there' are flve essentials 'for vlctorv: (1,) He w'iU[ wiln 'who, knows when to fight and when not, to fight. 1(:2) He wiill win W'hID knows how to handle [both superior and Inferior forces. (3) He' will win whose army ls animated [by the same, spint throughout all its ranks. f4] He 'wiil[1 wln who, prepared himself waits to take the elnelmlV unprepared. 1(,5) He

~ II t, h h ;0, I ';to't lt d ,~ t ,;to t f" d tth b

WI __ W'llln W'IIOI nas rru .. I'I-'alrv capacrtv ano IS not mterterao wnn -~V'

the sovereign.

'1'-· .. 8- H' :e~· in' ce th :e_.1 s a ···.I:y,>i·l· n, :g'. _.'.I lf "y'o'IO~1 iUI k in I 10· : iW:"', "':; t -h'" .e~: le.~·_, ne m 'y:."'_' ,a··~· ni d I ·k .• ·' now ...... ,,::,' :y', '0·.···. ur se II'f' :.

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'~"'~. ~-I- ·.-::· .............. d · ... ·"I--:·It--' fear t- h ....... , --.:-:.-~- lt of ......... h undred battl ,:-:,~C II'f' ~,,:'Tl-' know

you neeo notrear __ I~e resun 0 a iunoreo names. ~_ you now

youlrs1ell'f' but not the enemy, for' evelry vlctorv gained 'yolu wlll also suffer a defeat, 11't' you, know neither the enemy nor vourself

-I - b

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10 '

1~, ,SU[n Tzu said: The good fighters of olld first put themselves beyond the posslbllltv of' defeat a nidi then waited 'for an opportunltv of defeating the enemv .

. - '. "T' II ~,~ d f,e - II 0; ii' h d Ib t·

2·, 01- secur -'e.-: curse Iv',:/'e .. es against : eteat res I[n" 'O-:U·-' r O,,---·':'W,,'L'.",:n--·' --"la~=- nds I,IU' '1-

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t-il h -" e- 0," '- ", Pi p: ,": 0-:" r'- t u-' .- n-"" [ijl-'ti-y~ .-~, 0- "': f'~' d :- .. ' ~'f~e'~' a,~ -', t [ijl-[' n·:·· B" t t :- h-: ", e' :-': e,~: n" " e·-': ml 'y-'~' [ijl-[' S'" -~. po: r'-~O,I - "V:":'I~ d,'-I:I I e" ':-1 d : bv :':' th ", ,e'~

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. •. : • . ." :." - I.'

3,~, 'ThIUS the good ftghter is able 'to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make certatn of' defeating the enemy.

4'~'- -H- le"""'n--' '[('12"-' the saving: One Im'-;- -'a-::'y"~ know ~h:-"O'I'-'I-"'W":"·", to 'CI-"'O'-""n---"I-q,:::;'-'U-I-ie=-"i"'1 without

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b ~ bl t d lt

lei ng' a .I=-~ le to o 0 IIJ r.

" sec - --"'!'·t-" ' . ,~_" . t· dill fs . t '~ ..... r ... d f -'~ - t'" tlc b llit t··

5,1' secuntv agamsr cerea ImpJI9S:- SI_ ensive '11'aC'ICS,;: amutv '.:0

def rtth "".' ''''., .'" ,- taki a the "'f"f'; .,.,1"',.,

ereattne enemy means taxmg tne [011'1 ensive.

s, Standing Ion tlhe defensive mdlcates lnsufficlent strength: attacking, a superabundance lof strength.

'71~' The general who iis skilled ln defense hides ln the, most secret recesses of the earth: he 'who ls sk,illed In attack flashes forth from the toprn O .• ast heights of heaven, 'TI hus on the one h and we _ v _ . _ __ _ _ _ .. . ~.. _ . _ .. _ _ .. I ~ .. I> . . . . .... _ _ _ g v .. . _, ,. _ u ...." __ " _ ~ . ~ . _ .. __ __ ~_. w ..

h .a-"IV,:', e a b "'.; I ~t-:V' ",.- t-, "0' p •. rot .e ~ ct 'O'IU, rs Ie, . ~'v,""--'::I-e=, s i: .0='" n t- "h:" . e ot he r :, ' a 'V" rlcto r-'V":"": th a 'tl- -' '"'II']' -5-: .

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complete,

,B"j, 'Tol see victory only when it: 'is within the ken 0" the common

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er I [15,':' not t "'e,-',"--'" acme '0<," exce ence,

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9~ Nle'itlh,er is it the acme of excellence if vou fight and conquer and the whole Empire SBIY,I:SI' "[Well,dorne!! II

• I_, [f.'

10., To Ilift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength: tOI see the sun a nidi moon is no s~,gn, of sharp sight: to hear the, noise o'f' thunder ls no sign of a quick ear,

11~ ~ W\,,:,·,I:h~·:···a::···t .. -, th [e~' ancients t("!·a>l~ led a:·:·· cle ····~'···,~e~~~r: ftabter "Iii'S" O"~"ln':'e'~' who not o··~·',n· .. I,I~(

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wins but excels in winnlng with ease.

1,2~ Hence hls victorles bring him neither reputation for wlsdorn nor credit for courage,

1,3~ He wins his battles b,'y making 'no' mistakes. M"akJng: no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory, for it: means conquermg Ian enemy that ls already defeated,

14,. Hence the ,skUI'i'UII fighter puts himself into a posltlon which makes defeat imposslble, and does not rnlss the moment for de ··"fl~-e':~·a:·-t' -"~I·ln-·"g' the e"':' n e"":'lm'~ly':~

I ~ _~, , . :__ •... :_ . ,~ I _.~: ~' _ ~ '.- _ " ,,'_ ~ " ,_ , ':,' ~

1,S~~- ~ Th -uns·····~· It: ii s th a t ln wa r t ,- h e-:·, viet .orlo us st trat ~"e~~ alst 0,: n IIV"'~ S~···~ eeks

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- -

battle after the victory lhas been won, whereas he who is

~-.~' '- ~.' ~ ~~' '. ~ '~ .. ' ~ .~' - -' , .~ - .' . - .' -' ~' ._. ~' '.. ." ,> ~. - .~ .. "~ - '.- ~ '- -' . ~ - I. '_ _. '. ~.' .' ,I _' - ~I ~ . __ . ._I .~ ~ .. _ .-. '_~' .' ~ '. ~ '.'_' '~ . - ~. '.' ._ ~.

~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ f'

. ,- "II _ . ,-, i.r ' " I ,-~!I! _ - ,,- '~!I!J . I 1- _. ," .. ',-. _ . ," , - _ _ _ l!l ri

'-'=:.::::' ~"-=.:_, 'Ii ',-, .... ,=-- -_::o__='I( . I~'·' '1 "~l ~'~ ',oc '.-. ~-:"IT .. ~ .. -,'.' ',,'=-- ,-'-,,- '.',_-' '~'- '.' ",i·"1 '0- ·.1

destined to defeat first flg,hts, and afterwards looks lor victory.

1&~ The consummate leader cultivates thie' moral law, and stric •• ·.~·:tL:I'V"': adhe .. eres ,t.'.·'~OI'.1 me rthod and d ]s''':'':,cljp~'lli'ne': ~I~ thu s lt i,s~· ii' n hls ~P···IIOi .·: .. ·we •• sr

.. ~ - . - ~ ~ ~. _ ... -. .. - _.. -. - - - ~ ... - ~. L ~ _IF . - - _ 'I . _ ... . ... - ~ . ~. ... . .~ .. - ~ ..-

to control S,IUCCles's~

1'7~ In respect of military method, 'we, have, flrstlv Measurement: secondlv, Estimation of qlualntity; thirdlv, Calculation: fourthlv, IBall,alnc,iinlg' of chances: flfthlv, Vi',ctolrv'~,


12,

1- [el A·:·":', vlctorlou -"5-·, armv '0'·--:· "P- "[-p--','o-:-:"'-s--e---:: d t'~-[O:-:I a routed 10:'-I;n-·:- ie:-: -II=IS~: as a 'P~IO:'-I;-U- n--'-:- ·d-:-II·S-~

_;J.!'i' ~ .. ~J '_' _l.~., •.. !. __ .. __ ·.:~.·· .. __ ,l_> ._._~ __ ~ ~/ <~ ... _~. ~ .... :~.:._ .. I._.- ... I.~. __ ._':'._~. '.~ e- e- .. ..: .• .'._~._ •. ·_l··.·.~ '_. __ ' ~ __ ! !_'<'-:I' ~:~~. -.:_'_."._: _:'_ ~_,.~. ~~ '..:~' __ , 1_ '. :_.'

'. h t 1- d ~ -- h 1-' ~ - .' 1- ·

,. ",: ,"_ I' ,.l ',",- -' "_', ._ .• "_-."_ ,._ - l. _' -' ,'-", "-' -',_. _",-' [_",:"_ 1"_ . , ..... _. __ "_,' :_', . _. ,I' _", • _ J ''''!JI -" -'_',

welg, u. p acet lin tne 5lcae[ against a smg e gram,

20[.1 The onrush of a conquering force ls Hke tlhe bursting [of pentup waters 'into 'a chasm a thousand fathoms deep.


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .'. 0' '" a r

'1'-'3':'

I •• " ••

E:J-'Nr·,·,·ll"~'R .. -···.G'/Y·"I'·:··'

~'_" ~&,~, J _'

r, Sun Tzu said: Thiel control of a large force ls the same principle as the control of :a 'few' men: i"t: is rnerelv a question of dlvlding up their numbers.

:2.. IFighi't;iln,g 'with a large army under vour command ls nowise different from f"ishtin,g with 31 small one: it 'is, merelv a questlon of lnstltuting slgns and signals.

s. 'TID ensure that y'lour whole host may withstand the brunt of t h·····le-:·· enemv's att ack a:~ -n':'" 'd::- Ire:_._·m' .. naln '1--- ,." h --- ke ". this Is effects d b--' ,-

1-:_- 11-:" .,:-.'.:'.' ... , :' II>: II ,". '., .. unsllal"enl .... '~,1 1,,5 ,IS ell e1c,:e' -v

maneuvers direct and 'ind~rect~,

I I' -I ft' h - ;Ii' t h d' 1 - - h d b d f- I, ,.. "'J

,5~ _In a .. ',-llgl~_tllng,"I:--:-_e cirect rnetnoo mal'y oe usee ror jotrung

battle, but lndlrect methods willi be needed ln order to, secure vlctorv.

16a tndlrect tactics" efficientlv applied, are inexhaustible 8:S Heaven and Earth,~1 unending as the flow of rivers and streams;

tl'~I·'k·-'e~·:: the sun and m oon, th O,:"'::f",~' end but to begin anew: like the four

L_ I.~~ u_ ._-_ . ~ __ ,-:-I~V.:. I_.-IU_~~".> __ -~,:L ..III_~-lW,.,_L~ "~' I: _u_

se 'a-_·· .. sons they pa S'-"'S-' 'a- "W"""'a-u' ·t'- .. o re -t-; urn once rn tore

,:~~::~_<": .>, '.' .. :_;':,:I:J,o:- ••... '.,,(:-., ,_ .. '1:_', .. ' I ":11).: .111'- ':1

'7-' Th Cr--'D a re no t rn 0-" re 't--hL a n five m U-I-S-II~C'-'a- ~'-I n 0'-"t-'-£1 5'-' y--'ct--' the com b ina

t I! 1 ~ II-~, I~ ,- ~II' .. :' .' ! I U'-I~'- 1':_ I' _I'" ~ .... , ..... >-,:~:_I ~'III~-, ,:",~: -.., ~': .", _'.) _I:_'~

t tons 0-" t he . 'S'"e: . fC;;;I"V~e-"1 grve Ir'!I"S"'e:' t '0':':' I-m· .. ·-· o··~r'e···-·· -m .. ialo r- "d"";-!I"e""'s' t ·h:· .... a·'-n:: 'C" "a""-n':" e' . 'V- "-'e":"-r'" be

... ' I, _; I_I. I :":J----:,',<~.-:J .. ' 1:-:= _I ,:i----:·" ...' _:, 1 _:== _ 1'1 ---:-;c:>.. II> Ii <': II :::-:., .... '.---:--

h d

. _I ea r_:_,,~


14

h - _.. th - - . - _. . - - r b .... -"' .

I ... ' '. -' . I' .. ,.' ,. .....,.... .. '.,. " .. "1 . - .' ... ' ". . '. .'. •........ .

lues ,,In an cain] ever neen seen ..

'9., There are [not more than fi'vle cardinal tastes [sour, acrid, salt, sweet, bitter), yl9't combtnatlons 0;1' them vield more flavors than

ca' ~ . n-" ,e. -:'v· ... ·,.'·,e ... ·-··" r' b '.e· -, ta ste .. ··- ) d

- ,. " _. . . II _ _ .' ._. _ ill

101.1 ln battle" there Brie not more than two methods 10f',Blttack:--, the dtre ct a' rnd th "9'" lndtrec t: ,-. '-e'" t t--h-" e"s"e'--" t··-w··, .. 'o···· 'Ii!'n C"'O" -m" '-. b lnatlon g' -"Ii! 'v' "'e"

,~_'~: ...... I [J. : _ ~_:: ,.:_ .. ~II". ,_ I .. I~:: .. _l,J [J. II,; y. ~:~ .. '. ~:~"_.; ,'~~.' _ .... U'.:I J ~ .. ' _I [ .. _ 'J _I'IU~ i_,-,-~'-:,

rise tal 81n endless series of maneuvers,

1:1,~, 'Thiel d~rect and the indirect lead on to each other ln turn, It ls like moving in a circle-you never come to an end. Wh,o cain exhaust the possibilities of' their cornblnatlon?

13,,~, The qluaillty of dsclslon ls ltke the well-timed SW'IOIOP of a, falcon which enables iit to strike a nidi destroy lts victim.

1·~4··· Therefore the go "'0" d fighter w·····,,··' .. I·II-1 b . e te ····r'-r·-· .. ible ln [h-I,~S' '0' mset and

• "ii, . "'<~-':"' .. e;;' .. ·:,.·II~_,I,,!I ..... _I ... ·.:~.._ .. , .• '- .. ,-':;' .• ".-': .... I .II.L~ I, .:,-",-.1 .. ·•

prompt in hi's declslon,

15'1.1 Elnelrgy mav be likened tc the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of a trlgger.

1'6,~, Amid the turmoll land tumult 10'" battle, there mav be seeming disordler and vet no real disorder et all: amid confusion

a~'n'-: d chaos ~Y'''~O-''I-U' -r::' a rrav m .... a ·v-·,·:~, be without h ead or tall -y··:·'e:-::··'t'-'I-' tt '-w,:-,:~[iol'[I-I-I[ b ··e:-:

'.' III ,.... I.,. I '. ,.', t . - " .: . '.... ... . '.' I :., ".': I I' '.' " .'.'. ' .. , . .' . .' .. 1. . 11-" t.: '." .'.' . .'.,' .-'. ' .' I " .. , ,. , ' " " ..

- ." . . -'" '. '. - '. . - . ,', :..... . . " .~ - " ' .... ' ': .. '"" ... -." .. _.. -' ',,' '. . '. ,~ . .. . .. " ... - - ' .... ' .. - . -" ' .. ' .... _., ,~: - -' ' . .' ,,'.' -' '" - _. - -'

proof against defeat,


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

1'7.. 5'-i'lm ulated d,:.··· lsorde .. --'r p' ostulates -p-;Ie····.· rfect d.' lsdp .. Ilne ... --'.- simulated

__ _ _ ~u __ ~ __ .. J liL_ . __ ~ ~ __ _~ I. ~ , t_ -~~- .

fear postulates courage: simulated weakness postulates st ,-'';.''' .. -.:. st h

s,_.,reng .. II'

18. Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder ls siimpilly a q uestlon of subdivision: concealing courage under a show of timidltv presupposes a fund of latent energv; masking strength

wlt '-'h-'~I-"~e'~·· ". ac'" k'-· _- -n"'I" e,' '-·IS~"S'····'- '~I s~: t '1-10.:.... b-" .... , e,'······1 e······ "'Iff' ~--::I'e·: 'C''-·· t '-, e," sd b ""I,~," ',~ t ai ct ,'iii C': . 'a< I' d tl!'1 S",~ -P····'IO·· :1"·. $, e ~'t:~I~I: 0"·' :',' n· .... s> .

WI""" W,.::" ",~"I:~:·, .. :, I,: ._-,:, -.':~: ".'-:'., .:,., .... ~:, .. ,:"'y -,.:,.·"1.,,., ... "~,, .. /,.-,.,.,I._-, ... -,.,,'C"I'

19~ Thus one who is skHllful at: keeping the enernv on the move malntalns deceitfulappearances according to which the enemy 'w"UI act. He sacnftces somethtng, that the enemv ImalV snatch at iit:,~

:20- By,'; holding out baits he keeps him Ion the march: then w'iith a

_ .. " - I.' - _. _ .. - -'._', -- .. ~ - ... -.~ . --, ~ ... = ... - _ .. _.- .. -_. -- .. - . - _. -~ .. _- .. - ~I -,~- --- -_. --. _.-

b: :-: ·,d,·, .,_",-", : 'I-""'f' _-' ;-1'" eked ;-,.- '.1' :-':' '.' h "1-.1 I '·(.·~:'c ' .. I···· ", "I~ .... ·' ri't-I fo .' h I. r- .. , ..

-.0:, V a plc"e. men .e ies In wei .. lor rrn,

:2,2~ 'W'lhE!ln be utlllzes combined energy, his f~,ght:iln,g men become as It: were liike unto rolling 110,8.5, ,or stones .. F"or it iis the nature of a Ile'g' or stone to remain motionless on 111@'v@11 ground, and to move when on a slope: i'f' four-cornered, to IC·OI rn 19' to, la standstill, but 'if round-shaped, to go rolllng down.

:23.. Thus the energy developed lby good fighting men is, as the momentum of a round stone rolled down a mountain thIOU'~' sands of f·· :e-' et ln h"e-' I·'ah,·t·: So m , U' ch on t 'h" e'-" S-"'U' bje 'C' ,·t': of ene r-:g'- 'Y'"

_,:~_Il_'~ . .'_' :.:_. I.I:;=~, U_I'_ nergrtt, ~:::.(~ _',~::)JI:_:,_:_' ':::.._ ure :~,:_._~::..:,I:_::_ ,~_I I;!._I:I.I'_ __ v,

"_ _' _' e-


1'6

:w'" 'I, ,',,"nA( .... 'K", "",: "P--I'O''''''''II N"", "T,,_I:S': A:"'" "N .... .: "'D~" 'S'<T" "'-"R-' "O",'-', .... "N'I :'G'I ,,'

'~",~' JI:.,~:~"~,:~,,, ,1,-,:, ~~~ '--' I-~' ,L'~ .. ~:~ ~I ~~~: " , ,~:,~'_~,l,_~ ,,_~

1~, Sun Tzu said: Whole'v,er iis first In the field and awaits the coming' of the ,e nlemIV'" 'will be fresh for the fight; whoever is second ln the field and has tOI hasten to battle 'wUI arrive exhausted.

2,~, Therefore the clever combatant lmposes h~s will on the enemy, but does not BIUOW' the enemy's will to be, lmpcsed on hlrn.

,3~, IBy holding out advantages to hlrn, he cain 'C:8IUIse the enernv to, approach of his own '8< ccord: or, b-\'~ iin'fli:,c--'t';-iiln'Ql" d amaae. h ,,8'-,-'_- can

r T '-'-- -- ~ - ~ ~-----~ ~ --~- ~ -1----,-- - " -'-- V - - 1- ---- --- - ~o" - - ~--I'!) -, - -

make 'it imposslble for the enemvto draw near.

4···., 'I'fl~ th e enemv '·I'S'c<: ta king 'h:"I'"I'IS'-c': ease. he ca nil hara :S)'S~: him: if ·w,I.',,'~~1

,Ii . , .. _ _.1 ~; III " " .,1... ... 1_ _ I., _ ' ~ _# I. ~ _,' " " . " . I . . ". . ~ ~ .

S·.c,~U- p: pl le d '~w: it I ; h foo --. "d,:'I- he 'c'··'a·· .... n sta rve h il!1) rn I"· out I i'f' q u 'II i et 'I'~V': eric :a--'" m "" 'IP-I·e.·-- d 'I

--: " _' - ~-,_,_, _,_ - ,,:_, _, __ __ "',~ _11_., ",I. - __ , "'~. ,,', ~ 1_, "_ ',' _1_"", u_" _ .,', ~ _, \0.;"'_ 1_ " u' __ '.,,'

he can force hlrn tOI move,

5~, Appear at. points which the enemy ImUISt. hasten to defend: march s'wi'ftlly~.··,~ '1:0 places where v~,,"~'OU are not expected.

.. , , ,~, "",' , , , .. , "':__'- '" I,:, ',' " ,~" ''''', ' ~ _.' " , , , , " , ''', -" , "" I

'6,~, An army may march great distances without distress, iif it marches through country where the el ne my' is not"

"" You Ic .. ca n be s I-I - r'e·.· •. ~ of 5--,1-. - C-.'C,.·-,Ie--;e,- sd i' n g- -, in '~'. ·'··~D-. ,- 1- r at ta c ks i'f' ':,)0'1"- on II v

_ '- _. u_ _ _ .,. . u _ _ . _ u, , '" __ ~~:' __ ~ y u _~_ _ ~ t y u "_ ~ _ y

attack, place's which are undefended.rcu can ensure the safety' of v,our defense if yOlu onlv hold posltions that cannot be atta eked ..

'.. .)', I', _. .. " .... _ •


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

,B~ Hence that general is sk~lIful ln attack whose opponent does not know what to defend: and he is sklllful iinl defense whose opponent does not know what to attack.

9. 01 dlvlne art: of subtlety and secrecy! Through 'yOIU we learn to be invisible, through you inaudible: a nidi hence we~ can hold the en 'e" m .... '·y·.i"""s~: fa ··l,·tl;"'e"~ '"I n ;0",: U r h -. a nd .. S::

" ".' ,",,' , ' ,: i ': :. ,'_ '.' .. "' ,,, <' .' ",,,,,,, , . I .. _ ,',' '",,:' t.

10 .. Y'OIU may advance sind be absolutely lrresisttble, ]f V'OU make for the ",,1 enernv's weak points .. ~iO···:,-UI rnav retire and b-'··:e· .• ·', safe from , _ ,," _ _ _ . _ , "~ . . __ ~_ . _ _ __ , ,, __ , y _ ~ _" ,,_ y _ _" J "" .. _ "_,, _..". _ . "~_,, _ ,

pursuit 'if' vour movements are more rapid than those of the en emv.

~ .~ , .,oj!

1,2~ If 'we do not wish to 'flighltl' 'w'e Ic,an prevent the enemv from engaging us even though the lines of our encampment bel merely traced lout on the ground .. Alii 'we need do ls to throw something odd and unaccountable ln hls 'w'ay~

1,3~ B,y discovering the enemy's dlsposhions and rernalnlng

"'~:"l n: '1<, ",'~ ~I:'l S:' ~I' b :"," ~'l e· '. ". IO···~XI ," "r":'s-:-' e~·I· -v·' ,: e',: ". s-~ , '\'~ .. '~ e',' .", C'·: .',' a~ " -n° ". k e'" .'. 0.' -. "p'" 0-, I' ,- r:.: fo 'r: :C',: .', le·~· s'> Co, -)O,"~,' ","', n.'···, c, ; . 'e"", ~n'" t :- -r~ a·:~,··l t --: e-- d I" ~,"~" :'lh' '~II e~'

~"IVI " :~-.· .. · .. ·u!:_,.·~· __ :_, W:- '-"""" "···.··· .. ·~l",, ·:~u. "v" '-'.',,'<. ':~"'" I"-"< •• I!I_I_,,,,, .-:'.':',-,,1 W_l_I~ .. ·~.

- h I" b d· ld d

tile' enernvs must be •.... I'VII,; e' II

14 We can form a single united body while the enernv must

.... ., . I. .1.. . . . '.~' ... . . _. . .! ,~' .• I.... ,... . .. I . "' ,,' .1.1...

SPIUt UPI into fractlons, Hence there 'wiUl be al whole pitted against separate parts of a whole which means that w'le shall be~ manv to the enemy's 'felw'i

1,5.. And if 'w'e are able' thus to attack an inferior force with a superior lone, olur opponents will bel in dlre straits .. ,


1'6, The SP'IIOt where 'we intend to fight must not be made known:

, l!i ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,_, _' _ 1_ _ _,' _'_ " _ __ _ _ , _ _ , __ ', _I , I _ _' _I _ , _ _ , _ _ 1 _ 1_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _I _, _ _I"

for then the enemy w'.iU have to prepare against lei possible attack at several different points: and hls forces belng thus distributed in rnanv dlrectlons, the, numbers w'le shall have to' face, at any' glven pomt wUI be proporrlonatelv fe'w,~,

1'71,-, ~'IO'I'r' 's-,- -h-:- O-'JU-,- -I d t h .e,,- l,e~'I-n' :e-- m,,,II-Y .. "': stre ... -n':",g,'" ~-t, -: he -nil h ", i!I' ,5< ~v,:,a>~fnl - he ~w,"'-',':i 1-1- '~W"-',-,''-,(I'e:a- k--e-" -, -n" hl :S<-

'I! II, _ ~ , _ , , " - ", , ". ".,", " . ' , , ." "",1", -:: " , . , , ,. ." ,- " '. , . 'I ,.,' ,', " .," ' '" ,., ,', , , .. ,",'

rearr slhould he strengthen hils rear, he will weaken his van: should he, strengthen his left, hie will weaken hi's rlght, should Ihe

str ength e,"':~" n h"'~I'S~~- riaht. hi, e 'w,,'~11 wea ke n, h I~:S-~ left 1- ~lf' / h te sen rd Is

, ,,' I '[ cc. ,. _, ,I. - _, I. ~. . 'b I " _. . ~., " , .._ _"._ '. .'.' I~ I ' . , .. .. . __.

re tnforce ment s evervwhere h '9"': ~,,_,"~'!il- ~ eve rvwhere be ,~',.--','_-:'--,",_:Ii k

. ~I, .. orc-.-.--:,.I .,~n,:~,~,v ~_ yw. ~:re" .ll~ WI, I ~v.-_-.--: ryw .I'~. I~ 111-.-.--:: waa ..

1,8,., NJume'r'ical weakness comes from having to prepare against possible attacks; numerical strength, from compelling our

a d I ve srsa , r y:" ,,' to rna k 'a, - '., t-_ h e . se p r '10, -: 'P-;'.I~'~:"~" r at )'1- 0"',1-,, n "I s ag .·,',a:. -, I~I' n st u- s.

_ ._ 'L";; _ _- , ,,' _ ,. _. , ~; ,. I _. _ . _' ~,_ c, _'_' _ ' I _ _ _ ,. I, _ _iI . _ I,

119111 Kno'wing 'the place and the time' of the' coming battle" vs« mav concentrate from the greatest: distances In order tOI fight~

20'i' [Bult if neither time nor plaice be known, then the 1119'ft w'[ng wlll be' Impotent to succor the r'~g:ht, the right equallv Impotent to succor the left, the van unable to relieve the rear, or the rear to support the van .. How much more .s10 if' the furthest portlons of the armv are anvthtng under a hundred LII apart, and even the' nearest are separated b'y' several LI!l

2:111' Though according tlO m'y estimate the soldiers of Yueh exceed lour own in number, that shall advantage them nothing 'in the, matter of vlctorv, I sla'y then that vlctorv cain, be, achieved.

2:Z,,~, 'Tho,ug'h the enemy bel stronger ln numbers we mav prevent h ~I-'Im:-"'-" from fighting Schem te :5'<.-0- as 't>IO"-'I' discover h- '~I-'S"·,,~ p-II- 'a: ... ms a nd th ',-e"--'

, , " I"" II "",11",1., I ",1',.:'" " , I , , ,: --,',' ,,-~,:, I'", ,--,', ,,',. "" ':-, ,/,1,-"", I" ,',:, , ','

1- "I~ kel ~'lh:,"o'l "-lIo:·I",d-',-' of their success

~'."'."'C.~ "k,:' ,:"" ,.:-,_:,1 ,~,,1 ,':' '.' :,_.- ":,' ,::'::'-,:""


"l'h' . A" .rt; 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," 1. 01 '" a r

:19

:2,3~ Rouse hlrn, and learn the, princlple of hls a,ctli'vil'ty air lnactivltv, F'orc:le him to reveal himself, so as to 'find out hi's vulnerable spots ..

:24. Calli'[efully' corn pare the opposing [army wiithl 'your IOW[n,,. sal that 'Y'ou may know where strength ~s superabundant and where It ls deficie nt t,

:2,5.. ln making tactical disposltlons, the, highest pitch Y'ou le,aln attain ls 'tIO conceal them: conceal your dlsposltions and you IW']Ul be safe from the p.liry',,'ina of the subtlest spies from the machina-

. .. '.' ., .,' .Ii, .,' , .. ,",' 1"[0 .". , , . ,. . I ,. ,.} 1 I. .' I .' .. ' , . ' . I. ..,

ttons ofthe wisest brains.

'2"S" Do not repeat the ta ctlcs wh lch ~h'a"'-' '~e'-" aalned 'Y'-O'-"'U'- 0-- ne ra -'ljIi'C·--·t'·'-O- -ry"

za, _II ~l'_,~ -I_::I:I-',::.:'~ ,~~I~~ ,,::':_1(' JC_,~,~,'_'I J_~ ".~ I'~:.[V~ Ig- IJ-':I~_'[:~_,.I'_,<I __ '_-: vrc ~.rl I-~',

but ,11![t y'our methods be regulated by' the infinlte variety of clrcu msta n ces,

_ _ _ _ u _ _ _ .._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~

:30~ So ln war. the 'way," ls to avoid what [5 strong and to strike at

Jr' I! ... '

what ls weak,


20"

I ,

" "

~1~1 'H" 'e" who can mod ill'f'~"V',' his tactics ~I~'n""" rala .. rtlon to h -I' s oppo nent

'~I~llill .1 .,'_'-.; .' "_".' ," Le. _. "_" J- _.I .. : ~ ! 1,:,./ 1.--.: .:o.,,_.I .. I,~, .. J 1.,''',-:: . __ J ! _, .~::·~_! .. ·I_.·' ~ .. _--: _ ~.' _.: ' ~ .. -.: )' ' r- _ : .. ':

and therebv succeed ln winning, mav be called a heaven-born

C- a ~p-;·.·ti ra ~I n

',_ . _ _ _. _ .. __ ' ."_ "_' !!!!l

,3'~ '4·': '.,~, 'T-'Ih::" e· .. ~ flve et e~: ~ml e, __ l~n .. us (wa ·'tl;-'e- -, -r· ftre. wood. m'- iet ~a-~ I~ I' e-a,:- rth -Ii 'I (I' re····:, not

.... 1 .. _ . _IV _ _ .:w , _I." W .. ,-~-;r t-J- .. -,.

,allw'al'ysl equallv predominant; the four seasons make 'W8'V 'for each other' ln turn, There are short davs and long: the moon has i'ts periods of wanl'ilng and waxing.


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

2'-'1'-'

: -I." .l

'M'" 'A,'," N,···,.··· ···H-~-"U[ " j'V,,:,·"H'---'R··-' '11 N':·',:':' G····::,~~

,~. ,~~ :'.......:.L .~ ~-. ~'~., I.~. c......=__.~. '~o~"~' '.~ ' .....

:Z~ Havlng collected an armv and concentrated hls forces, hie, mIUS't blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before -p ..•. ltc r :[h',ii-nllg'- hls c:a.··,lml-p-'.

. - .. , .. .,' I .,., _ . ~. _ .. ~ .. ' _" _ ., .,. ,_ ., _ '. ' ~

'!I' Aft "e"'-r' th at c··o······m .. ·-··e-··s·· ta cttcal -m'-"a'" -ne"'u' -'v'-e'-- r'~n-"'g' tha rn wb .. tc h-i ... th "e"Ii!'D 'lIS'"

,~~:",~ I_,_el _ ,~,_U_.· ._,,_) .. ; __ .1', _-":-' 1_: .. ' J .... :, I~': '~__ _ [_I __ ' ...• __ . u ... :_r.,~, " • .; _ [II U'_I~' ~,_I 1_ :~_ .. _ '~ .. ~. _I 1_ I: . ~.: _I __' __ I~'II ~ __ :

nothing more difflcult, The difflcultv of tactical maneuvering conslsts In turning the devlous lnto the direct, Bind misfortune into galn,

,4,~ Thus to take a long and circultous route, after entlcing the enernv out of the way, andl though starting after him, to

.... t . 'iI! _. t' , - ... ,. h t h-" . .. ~[ b .. f" .. -.. . h' !il1_... . 'h- .. - .. , k- . - -['111 d·-···· . f" t h ..

COnJlrlVel '1-01 reacJ':"e gOlal_11Ie'or,e _Jm; SrOWS __ now'~e_g'e IQlj',_-'_le

artifice of devlatlon.

s, Malneuve'ring' with ani a rimy' ls advantageous: 'with aln

~urn'-: d"- isc 11'1 -p:::' I} -n·:·,-" e'" - d -m" . .._.., -u- lt Jtu d le-" -m- -::-'. '0" :'. st d I 'a' :" 'n:'\'g" '.or'o":- . U'- '5--'

.... II ' .. ~. ".' , ..•• ~ ,II .• ' .. 1 .. " [~J' ' :, .'. I~ __ ~'I;,,-,~,

l~' lf Y:""O;IU set a 'f·~·u·l-II-ly-,·,.,.:, eq IU'j' ipped ·a-, rrn "V", ~in' m .. narch ln ·0: ;r':dll'l~r" 't-;-IO"" snatch

g iii .. : .' .. ". .;;J,I~, '.' I '.'.. ',' . -, , '. . .' . -. • '.-. I . / I.. I.. 1....:, I.. I.. .•.. ~ .. '. '. '.. 111- " ) .

a n a dva n .. tage t he cha ness 'a:-' I re that y:·"~'O'-'-'·· U'J W~-":'~I~ 1'1 -b~'DI ·t'-IO·---'-·",O'::-:; late :O:=ln"--:' th QI

~ _ ~' ,~_ ~_I 'I!I;i , . .., _ . ~ .. ' _.. . _. j > ~,: _I ~ = :'_ I :-, \, '_,'.. . ~ >' ~_.,: ,_. ~ ~ ". > . '"' . ..1 ~

other hand to detach al fl'\'~'~in£J' coh rmn for the p •. urpose involves

.. . . .. . ~ - - - -- ,'- - ~ .. -- - - - ~ Y I ,b . . - - U - _I _ _ . _ . u [_ .. _ _ _ L - _ .. . _ --

t- h 'I! fl f- "'t-· b d t-

u ',_.,-,. "_:r_!-' ,', I [ I' -_. ,-" , .. _ .u 1 1 ,)' _. 1- "'_,' - I, - 't.!- ',- I _", ,'_. ," '_I .. ·_.,;. _', ._:.

.. '1 Ie' ,sa C,lr I II Ice' 0 I ~ .. ,S~.laggla;ge' ,an •. _ 'sores,.

'7. ThIUS, ii'f' you order 'your men to roll UIP their buff-coats, and make forced marches wlthout halting dav lor night, covering double the usual distance ;at a stretch, doing a hundred III ln


2·2',1

, "'

order t.IO wrest. an a dvantage, the leaders of all your three divisions 'wHI fall into tlhe hands of the enernv,

,S,,~, The stronger mien 'wHI be in front", the Jaded ones, 'wilill fall behind, and ani this plan olnlly' one-tenth of YOUlr army' wiU reach lts destlnatlo n ~

'9,~ 1- f 'Y-;O'-'I-U-' rn ia rch 'f=I!ii'f'-I"t':-~y"'",:, l.l l'~ -n .... order to I '0'::' -UI -'t' .m 'a:':·' neuver t he enernv '~v"CO' :,- -u-

-I!!, ,. :_:""""::~' "J ,. ,,:", ,.1' ::,' -,' '." '<,',1- ',- --:,1 ",'"""" ,,:'~~JI,I.,,', "",:." ":I~I 1_" ~ ,,' --:,1.,::, .. ~i," ,~'-' <-.

will lose tlhe leader o'f vour first di'v"ision and onl'y:< half y,"',our force

" , , , _- '_ ' , " -_ - ,,- - -- -_' I I r _'" '" I " ," , _" '1, , I, _, " ,,' I, -" ,': '_. , , '_' _ '.-

will reach the goal.

1:lLi' We may take 'It tlhen that an armry without: its baggage-train ls lost: 'without provisions 'it is lost; without bases of supplv iit ~s'

I ,- , t'

OIS'(,~

"w - -, ,i, '-, II r a, ~ I ~ ted ~.- h 12;,~, \~,','~"e cannot enter Into al~llaince's Un'!II_ we are acquainted with

th . e" d ,'- e"- "'5' "I~'g n- -, s 0' "f' 0" ". I II r n e' -liI'g- h b 0"" r s

,~ _:=.::: _ •. ~ .. ': _: ~.: '_1_:" :-_ :'-Iu,_ ,_I :_- '_ .-'" J. _- :'-', _ \<,"

1'3"., Wl81 airel not f'it to lead ani army on the march unless w'e are famlltar 'with the face of the country-Its mountains and forests, '''I''t>S' p:-" !l'I't-~f"'~'a-"I-I-'s" a" nd preclpices its m arsh 0'5" B'- nd - 'S"W'-"B'-"lm: "-"'-P"S-'

...... ~ .... >1 1 ... 1:- .. ;,,- ,_-~ .. 11,'_ ~ I .. ~' .. ) . :,~I>" .... ,>,11 ',~l ,_,I \;,;;,,- ':-~I .. _- ,~"'I'.'i:--' " .. ,_,~,

114" :W',',',.':''--' '-'h;-'1111 be mable to t-':II --'. '. -'tT····-,1 advai taae to -',-'1,'·',--, "'t']

"III '''",,'Ie S I,a. oe uname rc rurn natura aovantage 10 ,8C'COUln

U nless W'le--, ma<1 ke - .1S····~'e,-: of loc .• ·-:,a'11 g:~-i'- ld .• ·- e-,'Se'li ~ _ _ _ _ _ . _ .. _ _ . ~ ~ _ .. _ . ~ _ _ u.. .. .. ~ ~.. . _ ._ ~ "". ' . u ~ ... . ~ _. ~

1115' In" wa -r P" ra ctice dlssl m - sla "t, '!'o n a n d ,-, '-'0-1 - '-~I-III succes d

.=---:=",,,, __ w:~ __ I _~_...-:l_:_:_,l~~~--: .:__.: k> I.' ~ U ~:___JI~ !I,. I~J:__ yl~u WL _U I_',_:_:I:::::I:___':__ ,"

1'll,!!, tet your raplditv bile 'that of the wind, 'VOUIi' compactness that of the forest,


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f' :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

18. In raiding and plundering bel like fire, is lmmovabilitv hke a lm·: .. ·· "O-'IU- nta "I'I-n'"

1111._, _ ,>l'il'

:20. Whenl you plunder a countrvstde, let: the spoil be dtvided amongst 'V'OIUIr men: when YO[UI capture n[ew terrltorv, cut iit up ilnlt:o allotments for the benefit of 'the soldlerv,

""

'z:·· '1'- '-', Po nde r a n d .d,:- ·e,;- ll b ,.e;: ra I t e b efo re :-y'~'o'-IU--I I-m--I a ke 'a:~:' m :0- v .. ·i'e"·'

'. _. .. . '. . .... 1;,;. '._..,. _ ...... ' I .',.. . '. '.. . ..... , .... . . '. '.. _ '.. '.',...... .. '_'.... ,,~, . _ . '. ... . .. '"

'2~ 'T'lhe······ Bo·':··'o·'-·,··k·'·, of Armv [M'a'" n"'a""'g":"'e'" -m' .. ··:· .. e .. ···n .. ··'t .. , s,'la'·I~',I~--I!' 'O'-=;"n"" t h Ie:' field '0-"':-':' b attle

1~,!ilIji_ - _,~ ......:>.1"-,, ,"'::: ':'11 ,,_I __ V ..... _II,_ •. ,I~_II, _ .-:-='_ ., ,.···.·~ •. ·.,ysll!' ,.,.,,_ [I '." J~: _1:--::" ":'. -:-".--=-,1'

the spoken word does, not calrry' far enough; hence the

lnstit -,""';1;,-1--:--:'1'----' ,--, - __ , -;-;-, ~,- nd d -I r~ - -=---, ~~ N ,--:,","0 can ord iii'r. __ . ,:.-, --," ob --' ~ ects b --'[

InIS,JIU~IOn 10_ gongs [an____ ums,~, __ ,or canl or . .lnary D_,jac, .. s _8

sa e' "'n'-' C'"1-' e" '. a" 'r'I-"y' ,', .- n 0'" -U" ah h-' -'. n c s th B'" 'II' --. stln rt 11'0' '. n of ba n n B'" rs a n d f 1-'1 a" g-. 'S'"

. '1' I'" 'I [':' 1'- '.' 'e'· . , II --g" II IS[ .' I .. [I . ". . I n'·'·:- 1 I' U I' , ',' rra. ,". . ". . ".' , . . . I I' [ '.; '. ,I "'~

~'_-.~".I '_~ _-.'~ I ", .:___: 1[· .. ' .. ' , -, 1;;" I '.~ ~ .~" .. ~. ~~ ~~Ol "I ~~,~ .~:::_~,,::,,:,:, I[ .~)~:... ·.·:...·I~ 1_ ~ ~~Ol~~· --~ II~" ~. ·· .. I",.-.~"I

I.III! "_ "_

:24. Gongs and drums. ba nln,e'~r:s·····-: and flags, a-' re'- Ime-a-'ns<; where .. ebv .. _.~'

~ - _. . . ._ - - ._ . .. - . - - - ~ ir' _.... ~ - _. - - - - - - .. ~. I I. -- I!'!' -- - - . . - ~ - ~ - - ~ . ~ - .

". __ " ,_. _," 1_," L:'

't,·· he e··::a··~· rs and eves 10·""';" the host m a='y·, .", , be 'f··'O:··,C.-··UIIS·:e·,·d.···[- on one pa rtlcular

,~,_ 1_ '.::: .:.C" .. _ '_ ._: ,._,_, __ ' "_:'_ ":_" ',,' ' __ -'.: .. ' ' .• _. __l "",_]_",._, __ . __ ... , ... [ .... ' '_' J .. _ '.' _:__""':~' _1, .. : .. , ..•.. ,._:._,:. '" __ ",,,:___, ::.' ._I_. '. __ .' _ 1_ '.::: ... .-, ... J ".'.'_ "_"""" '_ .:,_,

l_ I: _

:2,5. Tlhe host thus forming a single united bodv, ls it impossible either for the brave to advance alone, or for the' cowardlv to retreat alone, This [5, the art [of handling large masses of men,

:Z6~ lin night-flghtlng, then, make much use of slgnal-flres and drums, 81n1d In fi'glhti'n[g bV day, of flags and banners, as a means of lntluenclng the' ears and eyes olf vour arrnv,


24'"

'_ -_,_-_

7;.'71 A who ••. le ,a··~··'rlm·v,') ma~'y',~ be robbed of tts •. splrit: a·l c:'o,:·,mma .• ander-ln ...

- '- ,!i, - ~ ~ - - _.. J - - - _' - L ~ ~ '- ~ ~ ~ ~ .. - ~ ~ . - . - . - - ~ l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I . - ~ . -. ~ - - - ~ - ~ . ~ - ~ --

chief ma'v be robbed of his presence of mind,

28" ·N·'··· .. ·-·-.-··, .:-'- "-··-·I··d~·i'·.··- -j" ,>' ilrit Ii, .. " -k····- "-'- -· .. ·-'t--' i' .. the '. --.-'- .~ .... 'ii.~_ .. :-'.1 bv ~.-: .... - ndav ,>,.,'OIW a so II: uer S' spmt IS eenes , In rne rnorrung, ~:y noon ay

~ ~ _. ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~

tt has beg un to flag: and In the evening h ls mlnd :~IS:-' ben t'~'_ o-····'n:-·-·III'~y·~' on

, I_,~:'<,_,,~ _._._-_. "~'1' 1>-,- ',I<~,'.· ,I :'_I~' 1.,,·- .. ,_ .11~.c'<I·.~.'II':i _<""

~ =, -. ·· .. t - ~ =, ~:- ,~ - -- ,-;. ·t· "', -'. ',' - ::--::'1 ~:- --. - .:-'.

returrung to camp,

2191'1' A clever general, therefore, avolds Ian army when ~tSI splrlt ~s' keen, but attacks It when it iis sluggish andl lncllned 'to return, Thts Is 'the art: of studying, moods,

D';;;' 1;, I~';; d d I ~ '+.- .. h f d~;t;' d

,30,~, ISc:lp,lne" anc caun, to await the appearance ot otsoroer

and hubbub amongst the enemvv-this is the art: of retalning S'I! lf-possess i on i,

,3:1111, To be near the goal w'lhiile' the enemy' ls still fair from it, to walt at ease while the enemy ls toUI'in,g, and stru,ggU'ng", to be well-fed w'hUle the enernv ls famished: ...... this ls the art of husbanding one's strength.

32'-.": 'T-[ ([0: ~r-='e:' 'if~r' 'a _'" tl_- n fro 'I~m:-I""~' 'tl_ nterce ptl ~n"'-'g-' .' 'a:--:n:'-'" ·e:,· n ·e·: m "y': wh .. ~. ose b -,a~:I-n:-'" n e rs a·~· re ln

,,':.oj!, ,: ,.,-~' "~:'",, I ",I., , .. II",:-=--=:, .I'~",--::-:,.,,- ,< 1,-".--::-"" I ~'c:c'~ I, " : ,'" ,':.,:'.:-:-, ,:.,-'" ",--::-" ~,,~, ~ ~'~ "

,83'111 It ls a rnilitarv axiom not to advance uphill against tlh,e enemy, nor to' oppose him w hi lei n he comes downhill.

3-- ·4· .. · D'IO""'" not -p'l~i j-- S'-~~· ·e··,:" 'a-:··n···· ·e·····n· fi~m' <~ ~ r. rho slm . '~'Ia' tes f··-.'I'!'o~h,·:·-·t·~, d " 0:" ---'--'0'- t a" rttack

,.:::_'"", ~'- ~~__:_ ::_urr.u~, (:::_~I_ ~~I~cI~_y W,I.:...-. ,'ihl~U~_.::_:_:,,~1 ~Jle, _<I ,::_~I...:: nl'__:I~::_~_-_:::J,::,,:,

so ildiers -, wh c ··s·'e····- tern p' e 'r'" '1·5···· ke ien

: _ :.:_ ~'_I~~=-: ~ :~; '>~ ~li' I:.:.I-:_,~' 1_ : '; I~I~ '_ ~:_'I:.:: :~I _ ~,i '~:.::J ~ 'iii'

~'15 0-':'0' not S·fw·· ri allo ····w·'·'~· b '-a' -·'I~'t·, 0" ·-·'ff·'·'·!e··r·e-·-··d··- b-' "'Y-" the e'" 'n'- e"'m' ··Y· ri • D-"o' "- ~n'O" t··, lnt . e" '- rf I····'e-···· reo

;;J!I:~:,!!,_>I:.; ,~~{I:II ,:--~_-~~_ ~.~'~,> _~/~_I~. :_~11_I :_I_ ;~'. __ ~,~'.")~ __:'.;1 ~ __ ~~I~I~I",!!I -=-~ _I~I.)~, J ~._~II~. ,.)-I _ _.;

~ ~.

W· ".-.''"I~''~t~;-lh··· a n a rm -., ,y . .' th - 'B-J- .. t._ '"'1~1 s re .. rtu rn '"I n g h ·0·-···· m' -.-., e

'.', ..1. • 11. . ~ ,', 'I '... ':.. '. " , I II '. III, ~ ,iii'


"l'h' . A" ·rt···· . 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r


2:6-):

", .

'V":AR"I"A"-T' O"'N", 'IN""': 'TAC" -'TI'C" 'S'" ,~':,,~",~L'~,~i= L[_-:[~,'~ .~,L~ "~",~":~:_J'~, L •. :'--_-- __ :

1~, Sun 'TzUI said: ln war, the general receives hls commands from the sovereign, collects his army and concentrates his forces

-. '~W-" :-"h - -- "!'.- d-';!o"ff'--" ,-',;!! ~.- -It -.~. - -- ·t'- -_. de '- .. - ·t'- - -- ~ .. - --.-'- 1--' -~. - nt -,--', ,- a, 'h- ~ --,-

-. """,, ." .'. "In" I[ .-.' ·· .. ···1 r: , II -- "'[11 ····1 ···[r-··· .. '· '.- [ ''' ' .. ' ',' '-.' .' .' .-'.' . _' .. } . II[ .. ' - .,'. w',··, I " "1-' "

.... _ " ' I" .' I . I . I. . I '! - : .' . . I . I . ',-. '. . . ~ I. ,'.I I ','. . .' I' • 1;------' I .

2., ' __ ~e~ __ nl_L I_CU_ C,QUn, ,_ VII 0 no" encamp~n coun rv-,-" I_ere

high roads intersect. J~',ojin hands 'with vour allles [0'0 not linger in

I, .:' , , . . _- _ 1_, _ '. _ J, _ ' , I ". . '.' :_ '. "". ". I . . ,I _ . '_' "

da 'n'" :17'e···· Ir""I'O;I":-U[ rs I--y,,' tsola ted posltio ns I n hem rn ed -In sltuanons """Y"'~'o"-'" u

,-l.JI .. e"J: .• -[< "[~'_~'-;C"" _[-,.,~'--.' " ...... '·i, _ .... _-,.IH',_,~'_ ._ ' .. "._~I_>,J:[, _'-'

must resort to stratagem In desperate posltlon 'Y"ou must fiaht'

! - -', n '- -' - 11- ,- ~ - , -, '- II, =-~ -', I1II !Ii , I [-_ -: ,- -' , '. -.. -I " -', . ~ - , ,-'" :,' I - _ ..' >[ n I ' e IIHIi

3[~, There are roads 'which [must: not [be followed armies whlch must be not: attacked, towns which must be besteged, posltlons which must not bit! contested, commands of the sovereign ~W' ,':'h-"::" ~I-' ch rn U--':S··:· ,·t--' n~" o r -·,···'t- -' be '0- ",b-':-:'i[a'~v'" . ';'e'::'J d

".' ... ",,"'" [ ... _:" [[,_ .. '. _, .. ' /'.-' ' .'._ ~',- [. !Ii

4[1i' The general who thoroughly understands the advantages 'that accompany variatlon of tacncs knows how to handle, his troops.

h I· h d d d h b -1-1

5[~[ The genera W, ..... o noes not understand these, may ne w'e[_

acqualnted with 'the conflguratlen of the country, yet he 'will not r-b-'Ie:~l able ,t·~.·o: tu -r-:::-n·'ll hts knowledge to practice -I ['a>-:':c~~,[~:OI--U-I-n":- t ..

~."" ",,' ", •••• ~I • '.~'... ••• ..,. ',' ••• ",. ' •• ", ••• ', • :~ __ I" • j.... . _. -' .•. " ._. ', .. ', "~" . " .•..... it

[6-':, 5'···· •. 0,: the S':,tl- udent o ..• ,f'~' war wh 0,,: I""S· ... ·· un iversed ['"'lin· 1 th [~[ art o .• ;:f··~' war of

. II! , _ .. .~' .. ]... .. _ .. . .. . ~~. . ~ . ..1 .

'V[a-I-r:::-v~';iiII-n~,O hls plans even tho u- -g.' h he be acqu ral n ted wtth th ..... D F""I-'V~":lc

,,~::~. ':." .. -b .. '._-~::' -: = '>'1 \;;i'~. _ ': .. '_'>'-~~:.~'- I .. _\;!;;j~':['_:_:-"" I_:~ '~'.' I,~. I. ,_ I[~- .....•. :.Ii;;;i

A- d v·:···-.:·;· .. taaes '~'-"'-'~II fatl tc -- ake th b ... est - IT:' of h ";':, -·1-' ,_- __ ~,anl~,alge.s, WL __ al~_=o m[a_e:: __ e.,es~ use O.lS men,~

'111' Hence ln the wise leader's plans, considerations of advantage and of d isadvan tage ·W·:'·'.,[·/"I·I~I Ib·.·.[[~1 blend ed together

iDI. I .. _. . 1_ .. _ ~ . .. a I DI. -::c. [.. , . ~. .. ~ .. ~; .. ~;. . .•. ~ .• ~; ~.. ~; iii


"l'h' . A" .rt; 'f: :W··· ',." ]

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

,B~ [If' our expectation 10'1' advantage be tempered in this way", we m,ay' succeed in accomplishing the essential part of our

sc·" hem .. ···'e··· "S'"

I ~ ~. '. ~ ' •. ~: '. .. . '.~~ I~ '.:: [I

9. If, ani the Dither hand, in the midst of difficulties we are always ready to' seize an advantage, we mlalV extricate ourselves from misfortune.

10 .. Reduce 'the hostile chiefs b'y' lnfllctlng damage on them; and make trouble for them, and keep them constantly engaged; hold out specious allurements, and make them rush to any'

,i t, t-

given [POI nt.

1· :1" The "8:." r .. t of war teach '··I@=·S-c·U-IS-::· to relv n·· .. -·· o ... '·t-'-' on the I-il' k-I')'e-II- ih '0-"'0-' d - of the

: "iii ,,~, 1-, """":', .. ,: .. 1,':-' ".'.: .. ,<',' ,.11'.1.]:." .,I.,~ ,- 1,1// .. , , .. '. '.1.. '[;,

1,2~ There are flve dangerous 'faults whkh malV affect a general: 1(:1,) Rec,k,l,e.slsnle~ss,~, which leads tOI destruction: (:2) cowardice, which leads to capture: 1(:3) a lhasty 'tern per, which can bel

P,: revoked b,,'~'7 i'n.s~·~- ilts: ~'4,):' a--=:I del lcacv of honor w'hi'C,;~:,h, i1s' senslttve to

_. _ .. _ _ _ _ __ _ y u _ " " _ ~ _ _ _ y .. _ _ _ _ _ ~ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ __

shame: (5) over-soltcltude 'for hils men, which exposes hlrn to worry and trouble.

1,3~ These are the, 'five besetting slns of a general, ruinous tlO the

C O· :.: n····il d ~ .. ' u- 1- ct 0, if 'W:, .",-,'. ,_? a'~l r'''; -

_.' _ III '.. __ '. .., '. _ _ _ _ .. ~

14' ,w" I. 'h -. e···· -n" a" -n ar"-m-' ,-- ~S'" C··' ··.Ii·. -'e' -r·t· h . -r"o .-. 'n" a'" nd tt s·,' lea ··d· "e" "r" s·, Ja '. ln th .. s'" c-"a' -'se""

. ' " ,,' ' . . I'" ,. . .,.-..... 'y I' . . " 'v·' ." . " '''','" 'w' 1 • I . [ .', ". I ' . , r ' ,. I' , . ~.. [I' ',' .. I I' . .. u . ~ .. '

.'j; ',',",',' '.' I ::'.. ,-! I II ',',( .. ... , ":_i',,':-: I .1 1,· .. .',', r ,': ',", ,'.' ,,>'] "--,,.'. '.' "'--, >.' I.'· ,I " . 1-:, .1':·1>-,

- ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - -: . - - - - . _. _. - - - . . - - - . .. - - - - - - - - - - - - . - I~ • - - - - - -

will surelv be found among these ftve dangerous faults. Let. them be a subject of meditation.


~T'H': : 'I::!II A' 'R' 'M' .':y·" ' O' '. N' .. -TH': 'E M' . :A" 'R' C" -:H' : -JL,~,':' _'~ I,-~, I'::~,~:~-,,~~_,· L ~.~ ,J:"_L~_-'i::-~,- J:,

1~, ,SIU[n Tzu sald: Wei come now to the question of encamping

the ','. -- "',-. ::-':,'_:,1 and :'.- bss I-"''''[--'~'' '.~ ~';-::- :'.' .',- 'f··~ t·-~ b .' .. '. 1= [-- ,---,- Pas .'-.' "j cklv "-, .. :,-',,'-".-.-, ,,:-

ne army, ano onservmg signs ortne enemv.j-ass quu:y over

-- -, -- -, - , -- t-' ,- '. -,,-, -, --, - d k -, ,-- ,- - -- '"' -,-, ,·t- hs ,- _ .. - h b - ,~ ,- 'h ,- -- d ,-- 'f-_-:; ,-, -, --, 1- ~I - - --

rnountarns, anc xeep rntne nejgnoornoo 01 vauevs ..

~2······- - :C··I_. -:~:a=- rn 'PI-II '[~ni h lgh pla ces. facing the sun 'D-~Io:-, not clim b he ·,"'I;g:.- hts ln

Iii' '_ ,I r- t I ,I, I r ~" ,,_,,'_ _, ,.- I"" I iII1 ' .- " '_ • J ,_' ': '_ _ ' ,

O rd - er to .• - 'flng-' ht 0; So much for m 0"1-- nta 'i n wa rfare , " ." ,. I~,,, ." ,.,. ." u ~ ",.. "',,,. u. .. ,,__ w ,. ,,,'

4~, W'hen an ~nvlading force crosses a river iin its onward march,

d 0;- -n" 0; -to -. a-~ dva -n- c'a t '-'0;: I -m- ,: eet '-, lt 'i!! -n° -. -m····-···· ~ d .... st -'-r' 'e-- a~~- 1m' _-" .... , - lt -, :,~,},,~ II~ b 01 b est -. t '-'0, ._- let

_ _ J_"_: __ :-,,V .:.1" _,_,~ _> "" .• :,~I_, I. [1.11"_,,, I." , __ 1,_:-._. ~ __ ... WLII ~, ~,~~: I~, ~ _ :~ •.

half the armv get across, land then deliver vour attack,

-5-:, 'Ilf"~ ·V!O-I.Uli are a nl.X""'IIIQ;-'·UI,:S::; 't-,QI, fiaht. "Y"':O-",U·· :s-~:h····.O[-I.U.III:d.·.·.· not g· ... IO-[' to m eet :ti-lk,~

_Iii . , _ _- g _ _ .,' [ _ _ - .. _ _ - I itJ' ._ I ,_. - _.. __ . . ... .1- - : - - - .. . - - I • III ~

,j; -. - -. d"-' ., .,.,. -., . ';Ii - - - , . - - h ~ . h . r h h -- . , t ., ., - -- , ,. ,

mvacer near al nver W'_IIU::Je_as to cross.

'6,~, Moolr ylour craft higher IUp than the enemv and f,alcJn,g the sun, Do [not move up-stream to meet the enemy. ,SIO much for r'-I~'V- .. '0 r- -, 'W-' .-, a- - rf 'a -, r-- - e-- .

'J-. ", ~/~ ,'- \.,.' .... ~> .. ~-.;~ .. '-1' -:~~' .. :- .. ,~. 11

'''7 ln crosslna salt -rn iarsh IQ~ 'Y-""'O"'U-' r so ,~~ con cern should be ·t-'-O[I set

I [I!' .. 1 .. '~.' . -:. 110:-- I.: .. 11- .. :.' I ~,3J!'" ,"I~ •...... ' . .I~'I I [ ,.11.- •... ...• . ~ '.1-' ,b~ .. :

over th ern -q~-I ~li'rkh'I'_-V: :--w','-'·:rl-,t---Ih~ I'O':-:I'-u-'t;- ·a·~·n-:-:'y-'~ delav

' .. ~ ... '_ '\;illl_ ~ .... _ ....•.. \;oil ~~, . ;,/ 'I '. ' .'-, II.. ..' .1 .' :" ..... ' 'I!;;i ... ' .... :.' ,.

8 I-f'~" fo . -re" "e"'d'l to -.- f;__:';lig' h t In a-" s alt -mOO' a" r"s' .h Iii, '-0- I ~ sh 0'" - -'II-lld"- b --a'''-' '-e-" -w-·· at e" r-" and

'!!' rr _"I;~'" -[I:-:-'~:,_:_I ignt L_-_I.-;\I_I'iii'[~I __ at :~'_I,,;.' y: \,.II ~I:.U L- __ -I_l-_VI~ ',',_. __ 1-,- r a 1-.:

-- -


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

2'-9··':··

• "_ ." J

danger mav be ln front." andl safetv IUe behind. So much for carnpalgnlng ln flat country.

10., These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Y'elllo'w Em peror to vanquish four several sovereigns.

11 A'-'-'" -II a'-" rmles -pr'e'" fer h lah ~D'-r~·'o····~ - nd - to -110"'--'-' -,,- 'a:" nd - 'S'I~ - -n"" n···'r.· ,-, -p····-I:a··· 'c~"e' 'IS': to

:::__:"'.'] ",I. _ t II~::II<"" ,II ,lJllo,- lo_IU ,·,,:,::-.w~; I", ,u, ,', y _- ,;J )~C'_"

dark

'. -' .' ,".11

1,2~ If you are, careful of y'lour men, and camp on hard ground", the :ar,m'y 'w'UI bel free from disease of e've'lfy kind, and thls wiJUi spell 'vi ctorv,

- y - - - _ - -- - -- - y _

14~ Wh1en, ln consequence of heavy ralns up-country, a rlver which vou wish to ford is ,sw'QIIII,en and flecked with foam 'y,"OIIU

.. '" '. I ,.' .. ..,. ., ... , ... 1_ .. .. ... . ., -e . • .•.. I. . . . .. _'" ., .., , , .. ... 1,. J ,.'" .

must walt untlltt subsides.

1- -5- :C"'='l, .:-", - . -.:~ trv '" -;-, wh ich t -,'h-, =- '-, =- '--:: '-',--.-, '1--'-' .-:-: --:: i!" -~' t (,--.-- - -~'T'I lffs wlt - h 't'-I"::-I: -:'-:' .. =- - rts

,-~:ounl,rv In W JC'L_ rere are IpreCllp_OIIJI:S tL,S wnntorrents

n - nnlna between. deep natu ral hollows confined places,

_ U. 1_ .. I_~ ',b ..... :-I-:W:-:: _ -,.-: .1- __ "'_'-:U~:'_ .1, :'" ~'.". W,::".-.:.::. __ . = .. ~'.:--:- 1_I'-·'·:-I.I'

t- :-a-' naled th lck rets quagm ·· .. lres 'a' = . In' d crevasse ·S·-·I should b ,···'e·-·· II' eft with

.1' . "b ,,-", . I I ., .. _ . '..,-'. " ,I I, '.' ,> b II, II .. ". ,;': _' :. I. .... , . '. ....;, ,I ,.' ......: : ~': I, "1 I . ,,',,: . ". '.'. .. .. ' .. '-' '<, . I'" ., '. : , .,

al II p'" 0" s 'S- 'l~b""'I- e ". s p' "e'" ed a' n . d no t a" 'p-" p'-" ro -'a' "C" 'Ih' ie rd

, - ~ _} ':~~_::~ , . - 1_.::- ~.: _- _ .~ ' ...• _.- ~ ,' __ ... ~_ _1_1_' ,I', .• , __ :'1 ~_I _- _ \_1' ._ ,_ '_ ~

16~ W'hlle wle keep, awav from such places, we should get the enemy to approach them: while we, face them ... 'w'e should let the enemy' have them on hls rear.

1,- 'If'-' 'Ii .. _. 't'h-'" ,- ... 'h-I b ... h ... d . rf . , ... '. - . . ... ,. 't·, h .. ,. . ··h- . . II-Idl-' b .. ..,. - ,

7~ u rn me neign oor -100: 0·- your camp mere S-,DUI.,-,,-'e any

hUIV-"'~ country, ponds surrounded b-y",: aquatic srass, hollow basins

-, - - _ " ." ~ If ,- - .,. ,. - ., " .. , ., .'~' .". '., " ., - ., 0-" if· - . - ., ., .."., , -


30'

, I, .'

'fi' III e,·· .~. dl:~ 'W 'i t h [re·.··, -~ ed '.~ s·,·,c [~: [Q[ii Ir' w 0-:, od • - s-- w ii t hi t: hi i c,:-, k I~ .. ~ n d ' le .. ··-I rg:-: - r'o: -[wtic h~, t hi e'·', ,[V,') mu S~· rt

~ ~ _ ~ _ ., ~ _ ~ _ _ _ , _ ~ ~ ., ~ .,' _ ~ ~ ~ ., ., _ _ ~ ~ ~ . _ ~ _ ~ _ ~ _ ~ ~ u ~ -, _ ~ ,~ _ ~ _ ., ~ _ I - ~ ." ~ - ~ u - .,

be carefully routed out a nidi searched: for [these are places 'where mien in ambush or tnsldious spies are llkelv to ble [lurki[nI81

'19'~ W~'-"~Ih"'e" n h e ke eps alo 0'" f a" nd tries t 0"'" pro' "0' k- ~o a ba utle he ~S'·

ri- I:Ji!,'["'il_~[~ ,Itl~ ,,'·~[:~I~Ic_CI,~->:'_, ':L,.·,.·"I'~:~I I: ~tIIV'_:ti:;-_ ~_,I~J~,!I~I [II'

anxious for the other S,I[I~dl: e tn a ... .dvance

, t, ~ , ' ".. II , , " . " ,I , ' , ~,", _ '_ I I . . ill

2::1..., Mlov'ement amongst the tree's of a forest shows that title elnle'lm'y 'is advancing, The appearance of a number of screens ln 'the midst of' thick grass means that the e'lne-m'y' wants to make us'

S' "~I ~ '5' 'p' ". 'i C ['~ 0" ~ .~[ s·, '-'~IU':-II [I-~' us

--: , ' '. , , ,.', ,_I" ~'. - ~- ~ '. ~.- " :',; 'Ii!

Z2;,~, The rising 0',- birds ln their 'fUglht is. the slgn of lain ambuscade. S,tartlleld beasts indlcate that a sudden attack ls cornlng,

23"., 'When there ~is, dust rlslng in a high column it 'is the slgn of chariots advancing: 'when the dust ls low; but spread over a 'wi'dl@ area, it: betokens the approach of infantrv. When it

branches O,·~ •. ut ln d .. ~ lfl_:fe~. rent dl re ctlo ·;,_:nl~IS"'~. ~t·:, S-~h'I""'I:,"~~,s-.:' that -p:~:a .• :~··· rtles have .• ··'

~~~~ ~ u. I_ .. ~~ .. ~_. __ ~I__ .. ~_~ .. __ , ~_ vW "~~~. ~~ J_ .. ~V

been sent: '1:0 coUect firewood. A[ few clouds of dust moving to and fro signify that the army ls encamping.

Z4,~, Humble words and increased preparations a rei signs that the enemy ls about to advance. Violent language and driving forward as, if to the attack are signs that he will retreat,

2····.··15~',~ "W'\""""i_:h~;-I"~ 1-, the I~i ah ,t~-' chariots :I-'[I[-II-'I--,,-[·[t'j-t'- f rst .~ ... - d ·t~~'~ tke u ;-1 ;CCI oosinon

.'.'.' unen me ugnt CI,arIO,S come au, I Irs. an .. a ,e up a posmon

on the wmgs, it ls a sign that the enemv 'is 'form ii ng-' for battle.

-- ~ . - ~ ~. -- - ~ ~ '." ,,' --, ~ " , , ~ ~ '. ,-' ,-- ~ -- ~ -- . -- -- --, ~ -- . - . ,[.' - -- = -- , -- ~ --' .. ' " - -- ., ~ . , , -- -- -

_. . . . _.


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

:216~ Pelac,e proposals unaccompsnled by a sworn covenant

indicate a plot,

'~2-"8"-' :W·'·i-'·,-',"h··,·,,-··,·-·· "-','-", ._ .... ,- ,'-'. '.,'- 1 "- '-'. -' adva -' -"."-"(-' "- - d "- - ,_ .... _ .. retreatlna lt ."'-' '-'.

I<~"" " en some a rei seen ac vancrng anc some retreating, III. 1$ a

I ure "

:Z9~ 'W'he'n the soldiers stand tesnlng Din their spears, they are fain t;-, f,·'.'·r·'-IIQ,Jm'· ,'" wa nt of f·JO .. ood,

. '. I., .1 ... ' ..... ' ... ..... ..

:30~ If' those who are sent to draw water begin by' drinking themselves, the arrnv is suffering from thirst,

'~1'1' If'~' the ,- -.,-:'-',. ,C:-:-'.C: ··-'1'" .- dvantaas to be ,.I'-~' red ~-" . rd '" rakes '-.-,":,- .. ',

,:1\ ~ ir tne enemy sees an a: vantage to oe garner anc rna ces no

effort .... , 'to "O"'~" 'S'-"e,r - -reo ~'t··· the 'S"'O"'" Id' ~'e'ir's'" a"" r'~'e":" ·9':···· .. ·- ha - isted

, '.. I',,, '.'.' II .:}-:~, U ~ 1,:--:- 11",1_1'- ~:I~ I~I ~I-III ::- :c " : :-1 I~-:',X ~ ~ u~,_ ~

:3,2~ 1'1' birds gather on any' spot" it ls unoccupied, Clamor b,'y night beto k'e'·:-'·'··n··' S·~· nervousn ress,

·.-,".C' -". '_ ._,',~ ~,,-, _ I~· _, e- ~",,~, '.-. '-",.1 ~ ._" .. -:~, ~

'3'--:'~ lf th e~'r'e'" ls dl sn ~ rb a~' n C"8-' in th eo' c~a' m ~', ~p' th -a g"- 'e--' 'n" e'--- r"'a-" ~I·s·--' a--- . -'t-'h-" ortr '-, ls

,~,:,~ ,~~: ,I t< I~ I~ I ,U ." __ <_lJI_: 1111_L' ~-: .e _~ [_:::,,/~ ~I~,=-'~~:II. _I -_I ,- (,_ U, _:~I_y L<

weak. I[f' the banners and flags dire shifted about. sedttton is afoot .. If the officers are angrv, ilt means that the men are weary.

:34~ 'W'lheln an armv feeds i'ts, horses w'iithl grain and kills 'its cattle for food, and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires showing that they wi'lll not return to their

. . . .. .. I.. .. .1 .' ... ',11 ... I .,._.... .. .,... '. ..1 ... . .1.. ..... 1. I..

tents, vou mav know that they are determined to fight tOI the death,

:3,5~ The sight of men whlsperlng together i"n small knots or speaking ln subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and flls.


,32,

3'6,~, Too freq ue nit: rewards s~i,gnifv that the e ne my' ls at 'the end of his resources: too man'y punlshrnents betray al condltlon lof dlre distress ..

3'1',~, To begin b'y bluster, but afterwards to take frlg'hlt. at the enern ,' .. "Y' , ~I,S")' n u rn '., b .e,- rs. s h 'I.O'-·W'·:',":/'S,-> a :S<,IU· prem 'e-: 1- ac k of intell "Il'g·.~·.e'··' n I ce.

,_',,:" •. ' : '.' II .,_' I:", '.,1 ,_/,',,: ',~. :' ,: '_ "',." ,', ,_"~I> ,I '_." ,._, •. ,.

3,8'.1 W'hen enIVIO'V'S are' sent with compliments ln their mouths, it 'is a sign that the enernv wishes for a truce.

f h ~ - - - f'

· .. ·11··' '11'1:'" ':-1-: ':-1':- '~'~'~''"'I'':I-''':',··-"c, 1-'::":':'-'-: I:;, . '-':, aneri :-'.',. and rernalr 'i:'~ "'i--·~·

,39,~, I t e' enernv s troops march up an,grlly and remarnracmg

ours for a lonlg~-" tiime without either '~o'i'nli'lng'~ battle or taking

,- u -.. - - - - - . - - - - - - .. ' , .. - - - . - - - - . - - - _. u _. - - - _. - - - - - ,J _. - - - - - -',' ' .. ' -- - ... .. . - - - _. - .. . - - ~ - - - - '. .'

- - - -

themselves off again, the sltuatlon i'.s, one that demands great vigilance and clrcumspectlon,

40,1' Ilif lour troops are no more ln number than tbe enIB'mIY'" that ~s' amplv sufficlent; ii't onlv means that no direct attack can be made. What 'we can do ls s,impll'v' 'to concentrate all our available strength, keep a close watch on the e'nle'my" and obtain rein rforc ern "on' rts

"~'~ " .: '_ : 1:_: .. ,: -e .. :_;I: .. :~.: ' ..... "[: ~; .~ .... ". -.~'- .. l~

4::lL., Hie, who exercises no forethought but makes light of' hls opponents iis sure to be captured Ib'y them.

:__4'" "2~'1 I"f···~ -S",O,:II'd·.· [~Ia If"-S-I, a re,~' ·PI'·.IIU. : n ish e .. d be fore thev have ar'·o':w,·,,',,".',:'ln· at tached to

,. 11.1 ,.. .. ' .. / ,,' "I ~ J. . .' '.. '. j'.,...,. '.',_. '. , . ". , .. ' II .. ". .:.,'. " ' ,'. .. ".' 0'.·'·' '.. I, ','.".. ..'. ' - .. . I .

vou, thev wUI not prove submissive: and, unless submlsslve.

,~, . _ u, .. _ _ -~' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. ,. _ . _ _ . _ ., _ _.. _ _ _ _ _ , _.. . _ , . _ -.. I .. - - . - .. .. . - ,. u ... - - - - ,. .. - ~ . - I

then wiU be practically useless. If" when the soldiers have

b- "'. -.' - ' .. ' t 't···· '.' hs d t -. ,. 'il '- .. ,- -. ,. .c. -'-' '~, ·hL. -- ._" rt .. , .. -",. _ .. · .. ·,te .' '. nf . - - d t·,'h-' .. " ,.-

_~ e1comle' al. ,aCIII_e' __ ~,o you, plunlls,_I"mIB'n_:,:s are no~, en _ orce __ 1 ,',_ ey

will stl II be: un less,

4:3,,~, Therefore soldters must lbe treated iiln the first Instance wtth humanity, but kept under control by means of iron disclpllne .. T'hlis ls a certain road to, vlctorv,

='


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

,44,~ llf' 'in training soldiers commands are habltuallv enforced the army will be 'welll-,di:sc:'iplilned,;: if not, lts discipline win be bad.


,34 '

T-' ·,'E"- ·R;:·RA:::.',·',·II'N·:·:'."

I . _ ., .' I . .

.~, '~'~'~'.:___________. ~', :________:,~I·~,·~

4··~,~ G~I ro •• u n·j'.:'l· d which ca ~n'''''11 ~b~IQ a ba ndoned but ls h a rd 't,;'IO::-':',; re-occupy ~'S~,

- .. [11 . __ .. "_.' "._'._ ,"_-.J •.•.•. _"_" ._'. ,' ""~ ,_. __ ._ ....•• ",-_. __ ",,_~. __ ......• _, I. "" _"_ '_ -_-_ .. 1 •••••• ~ •• _-"'-_ •• _--._ ••• :',1' I ..

called entangling,

5[11 f'rom a posltlon of this sort" ii[f the enernv ls unprepared, you ~- - - ~ -- ~II~ - f:'- - rth - - d def - - t~- hl - - B- -t~~ ;!il'f th - - - - - -Ii ~ ~'- ~- ,- - ~- - --- d f"= - ,may S,ilL'V 'I o: I,~~I_ ano nereat mrn.uut n rne enemy IS preparec or

'y1our corning, and you f'aU to defeat him, then, return being 'I"m'-"- posslb - I~;O dis a" s,·t-C'e~·· r· .. · W'" ,- "Ii!'11 II~' °n--"s-- U~I "'e'~"

",""I,<"-~'~ ,: ~'I ,,::-(~'-I.'~ I':" " ~'I::-' :'=--, ..

6 ·W'·,,' ". :""~h-' a n t~ h a p ',' '0" "'5' ,"'I"t" ''"'[1['0' ,", n '. '~[~I s C"U" C L. th a-,',C,' t ,. 'nl 0 lt h er sid e w .. ' ','.' ','1: I'", ~,-ll,- ga 'Iii.' n' "'1 b'-Y",'I''',',/

, I!!"" ,l~, "..>j,~ ,1',< ' .• ,'.' II , ~"'., '.' III ~ ,II,~ ,. '.', ,~', ~ I, .

making the first move, ilt is called temporlzlng ground,

rather to retreat, 'thus, entlclng the enemy in his turn: then, when [part. of his armv has come out, w'e maly' deliver our ettack with advantage.


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

,B~ With regard to narrow passes, if' Y'O[UI can occupy them first, let: them be stronglv garrisoned enid await the advent of the enemy,

1· ~Z··~· I f'=' [Y",,: "0"" u a· '," r·OI IS··C" ~11'1·,·t' : usted I a - '. -tl' - a :fJ'r-Q"B' rt I d "'1··'S",·t' a . n '. ce fr ','01"',"1 1m" '.-. t h e Q n . ern ". ··,"v····'·_i a' . 'n", '. d

:,..1 :/:': ![j; <) 'e'::,,~;', :- :' it) '\;;:1., ': -: l.e,:1 I:,': II ,':' .. III, _-, I:, ~~I ,<,11,' ': I, .

t he .. t ,.. .., t h . f~ t h , . t .. , .. ,!Ii,..!Ii'...... . . . I Iii! t 'iii', ...,. 't-' , . . - - t-' . - - - k ,.

'lie strengn O _ ie two armies liS equal Iii IS no' easy to p[f'O'VOI"e

a battle and fighting wHIIlbe 'tID y,'Ilour disadvantage.

. .., .' _ ',II. II. , '._ . . I,: ,=-, ,I, ., _ .. ,.. ["..., I . . , . _ '. . , .. . ' .. _ ... . III

1,3~ These slx are the prlnclples connected with E,arth.1 Thiel general who has attained a responslble PIQ,st must [be careful to sn rdv them

, '.' U :~:, v:, _,I,i.:='=: _, ,_ ,I ,!ii,

,_ .

. ' -. N'I i d to sl [I [I .. t '" tari '"

14~ >O'W ani army IS exposed ·-:0 SIU<: severa .. ca .. ammes, not ansmg

fro "m:' ...... In· .. 'a:···~· t - iral [cl'~'a~- - ·IS····:[e~·s<:· b: -"t;' from fa ults for wh iO ch the g]e~['n····~ ral '~s~~,

... </. _. ..,:,_~UI, _. u<"[ UU.~ ~ ,I ..... ~ ,: .. U .. ~':::, w! ll'-""",, J:__:_,~_I .. .-.~ t_

I '- .. = " .. ", '.' i l _.- •• ' b ~[, 'T'h" .. ,.(.,- .. ,., ~ . ..0, .,'- '.' i!i '(~'1" ~ If·' I i~, ah ··,t'·· ~[ ,(:'2;' ):.. • :'.,1 ·l·b_.·,,··-·· . 'd . ,. . at [iii-ri" ·· .• 1 I(i' '3' ,~) ...

responsrme, lese are.., 'I' .llg [I [II I"~ InSUOlr Ina JOn,I::'_,I,.

colla pse: (:,4,')' ru ln ~ ~'S,)" d iise rg'~:,a n lzatior, 'J l6)'1 rout,

\: ~ ~, I~,[,,. ,,', ",:,1 "~ ~ ., ,.'_ ,: ,." ~I' L _ ,I _l:_~ I,[ \ >,[ ~I_.- U[!!I'

15~ Other condlnons being equal, lf ons force ~s[ hurled against another ten times its size, the result w'iiU be the ffight of the former,

.... -. :W·· , h .. ',. 'to ,'h' . . ld i; . . '. toe t"" _ d ,t" l'h' ii-., .. f··~·f"-··'· .. '. ,.

It:: r, ["\""".'_i ·'·e····~n·-·.I~,-e-'; IC"OI'·'m"[m-· -'O'-.In·-·· ,5··:0·'- II: Ile-,r~ ace Ir-e,-~ --0.;-:0.1'.1 S~'I',lr-o-:nllg·:····:. a'=-'n"j - '1--'ID,lllr- 01-' ---Ic .. -:~r':s::.

u.. . .1, I .,... . .. I .,.... .. ~ .. ;;Ji . '.' I ' " " . ~ I . \;; ..

tIO,;'IO-I: ~,'·~·~e'-···a::- k. the 'r"e'-"'s-~ ult ls ln S:~:- ['I bordlnatlo .. ·:· 'n'::', 'W"I~',":h"'le~'n"_'" the officers ,a·~1 r-:e'-·

• . w - ~ ,~,. ~, .! I~. > _I U _ I r- .. _ U . .- ... ' _.~ ~ [. -I! '< _! I~ Ill' ,. _ -e ~' . ~ • '<:-:.., ,,~, _ < .'-~. I


too strong [and the common soldiers too weak, the result ~s collapse,

lr7 "W,'-"'·, 'h e ~n-:' t·-~ h e hlg h D r '0" fficers '3 re a n~"'g'_-r~~v'" 'a nd in 'S--"U- bo rdi n ate 'a- n d

.".,'_,~ .,' I :.11 __ II~ .-._ ~. __ :.,_II~[- 11.1_1 ,.~,I~II ,I - ._1_; :-,J~ __ ::' e __ :>, '_ II,<~ __ ): .:~ __ II-_.II~,,-:__ I. :

--- , -:':-:;~'I:-":- ~:t··~:_ i, .-"_-.- I-:_:--" t h~-:I[ ,-'-,_, (:-:[ -- (-'-:[I~~ ~,-, -:' [G' i'~r ,-.- -' b :~' ttle - .:- .. , :--', t h .-'- ~I '"' ~-::-.- "~'~'_',. -'.--- -:-:: .' ,-'-c 1---- .'-',~' I~ , ,:-,t~~' 'f':' - =-.-::, ----11-:-

on meenng ':._ e enemy give carne on rneir own account . rom 18

feellne of resentment, before the commander-ln-chlef can tell

,~ ~

whether (-I: -~ '--,.:,-, he Ie .. :- ~- oositlc -', 't-i-II-I: ftaht the '-'~_',~: 'It 1- i'~: I--'Ili '-,"

wnen er or noe 1.5 In a IPOSII_IOln_.O.I,gl _,,',J. Ille resu II,S rum ..

1181.1 Whlen the general is, weak and without authorltv; when his orders are not clear and dlsnnct: when there are no fixes dunes

[,

': -- -._._, red to .-' rfflcers ::'1, "dll ;, .. , .. ,.-, , . id the 1-1.--· - ks ,:-,' -.--,- cf-; " :', red '''-, c"

assignea to orncers an 1_'_ men, am _'-'. e rain _5 are rormec [Inl 18

:' III ,-,,'~, :-[,--.-, ~-,-: I ~,~ ha oh ,~- -- ard 1--'- ..... ,~:,~:-:, [-- I--'-~' t h .-[ ~-:: -. .e - I-I ~ ,~~, ~'~- - li- - ---'-1 ---.-: d ~ ls .--.1], .... -'---'--.: .. j'~' ~~-I--' i .'---:".- :.,

S overuv iapnazar« manner, ... e, result. IS utter JSO_ gamzauon,

1[9,., Whl[enl a general, unable to estimate the enemvs strength, allows ani ~nf:e[r'.or force to engage a larger one" or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one, and neglects to place

- lck . d ,-- -I d ';I; -- -- -- ,~, ~ -- t h .. f .. t - .. k ·t' h . . ~. - II t _. - - ~ - .,- - b . - .., ~ t

pte __ eo somers m tne rront ranx, me resun [must ne rout,

lO'- :1 T'~h i' f' - '," d f~ - h ,;I; h . be

'." . I_-esel are SIX ways 0'_:' courting, :-:_e:ea,'t:1 WI=--_lC:-_ must

carefully noted Iby the general who has attained a responslble post,

2::lL., The natural formatton [of the country is the, soldier's best allv; but a prowler' of' estimating the adversary, of controlling the fo rces of vlcto rv aln d of sh rewd I'~'~' c[a I cul ati [ng,·.:f dtffto ~ It~ es,

- .. ~ .. ~ _ ~ _ V, .~.- -. .. ~,W_ Y .. _~U~~= _;:_ _~ __ ,IU~ J --,

dangers and distances" constitutes the test of 18 great general.

22[1.' He who knows these things and ln fighting PUIt.S his knowledge into practice, w'lli wiin hls battles. Hie 'who knows them -. not n 0' r prac "t·-I lees the m 'W' --'1"11 S'-"'U' re '1Iy' -- b -"e'~" d 'e-'f··':'e·-'·'a·-'t' 'e' '-d'

_._:_: =- ,1_ I __ __ :_ ,I_i ':__I [_:__ _ ~_._J_ ~ [~:__:,::;__ _ ,-I_I_~-.I' :'~, __ _ ,-~ ~I_I [~~ ,_' ',. ue : .::11. =.:J_,::-. ,[ :~:_I _) eu ~I

- -

23[,~, I'f ftghtlng ls sure to result ln victory, then 'V'OIU must flight, even though the ruler forbid iit;, if fightt ng wll II not result in vlctorv, then your must [not flight, even at the ruler's blddlng.


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

:24,~ The general who advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace, whose onlv thought ls to protect hlii:S countrv and do good service for hils, sovereign. [Js the

je,w[e11 of the kingdom,

:Z,5~ IR'el[galrd y'olur soldiers as vour children, and thev wUl11 fo II ,o'w'

y':·,:/:o·.···,:,u· into the d eepe sst v .. :ia,~'· ~II':e-y .. :· ... ··[S'~II!i[ look .U·'lpI,,[O- :n'l th ern "1 a I·S, 'V,",Q,=;.,uI'r·" 10'-1 wn

, .', ,'.' ,,' , .' " , , '_. ' " . ' , - "'.'" . " '. I "'.' , "'" ~ " _ ' " ,. , ". 1_, , , . . :' ,,' ,. ",' ",' "

beloved sons, and they wil'll stand by Y[O[IU even unto death,

:216-... I 'f,[ Ih 0, ··[W le.·-Ive-: r - ·Y·'.'· ", ,·[0,····': 'U'- la' r e,··· :~: i In d lu 'I g-- [9." - nt. bu .. - tl"- 'U···. n a·~ '. b te to m [a.·~ :' k- ', •. ':[ e,"" .', :, '?O[IIUI, r

- .. , - ~ [I . - .. -, . - - "- I :_'" . - .. ,' ., -, - .. - .. , '::.._. _. - '[1 ,.._. . .. - , .. , ,.. , .. II/;., . - , - .- - .. y - .. -

authorltv felt; kind-hearted, but unable to enforce y[olur

commands: and Incapable, moreover, of quelling disorder: then '~"',~'O'I -Ir ,5,'10.·.·.· .• ·:' d d ii'e'~ rs 'ml --, st b~;le'cC~ Iii ke ..•.. ,: ned .•. ·.. ..•. t 'c'IO::· S' po ii I t - c hi i II d re:ec "In ~ 'to: h e',":- a re 1'.- setes :5:" y _ u _ ,,_ ,_ _, '" , _ u, _ .. .. , , _ '" __ ,.. . _ .. ~' " ,_, _ _ _ _ _" _ " __ , , _ "y .. _ _ , U," _ " " ..

f-'O-II'" a "y.'" pract .. ical pu "'r-=-IP--I'''O- ise

" .• ~,>- 1111.' .. ' .il.,.I' ;·.'1.' ..•. · .. 1 ." r ':' .. ~.

''':'7 .. r, I'fl'- we know t- .. hat ·O=;·.UI r ,O=W·"'I"·'·:ln··'·· men are '''I:n'''1 a ,-C,'O·· ••• md ltion t-"·OI=:1 a 't-It' ack

1'-. iii .1 ., ~',I." 1 01_. . I. "'~~"~'!\;' . I. . 1._ "~' ...1 · _ I,ll

b' "t-' , ,. " ,.. , , , " ' t h t t h',· "'"'' '" -' • . '" "t, , """ t , " t· t' k '" h . , ..

U' are unaware tnar me enemv IllS not open 'IQ[ attac«, wenave

Ir:'O ne 10 n Illy,: I h a Ilfw'8IY:': towa rd s vlctorv I'

~ I· I.

:Z9~ ~lf' we know that the enemy ls open to attack, and also know that our men are ln a condttlon to attack, but are' unaware that t h e n . ' a 't-UII Ir":e·~·· of t- h ·I.e·,.~·· g' Ir":O'1 u I n d m I .:, a ' k ... : e S~'I f la' h " 't,- ·'·1 n '. :D' ·1 m' . "1 p ra ct lea , b 1·11 e , w·,,[' .. ··, re h': I a "V:'·::" .8·-0'

... 1. ". .1. . 1':1 .. ' 1 '. . b .. llb, II ' I·., .. II ., ' ".

stUI gone onlv halfwav towards victory.

:30~ Hence the experienced soldier, ones ln motion, is never

be' "'W' tid' .. e red: one "e' '. h e'" h ras b ro .11""e"··n C' a m p' h e'" ;5'" nev "e'-"'r a'-'t" a 1'0""'5' "5"

. _'_-, '~,'_, I ,:_::: =-: , : '; ~. ;J I_I ,~) ,: _J; ~ _ 'J ... ',:~ ,1_', [:_:! Ii\:._ _I ,'_~C=. n _ U~,,.[ _I,:_ f~; ,I', ~,~', = .'~. I _'~-, . '_.::. ::..';,~ ~


1~, ,SILI[n Tzu said: The art of 'W81r recognizes nine varieties of ground: (1') Dispersive ground: (2), facile ground: [31') contentious ground; (4,) open ground: (5) ground of lntersecting highways: [6) serious ground; (7) dltflcult ground: f8,) hemmed-In ground; (:91) desperate ground,

2,., 'Whel[n a chleftaln iis flghting ln his, own terrttorv It ls dlsperstve ground.

,3~, IW'hen he has penetrated mto hostlle territorv, but tc [no' great d lsta nice" it ls facile ground,

4~,~ ·GI'::: Ii'O::-:'I-U' nd the 'p~ ossesslon of w'h'::-liJrh::- lm ports .g'. reat a d va ntage to

'I', _I ,..~ ._,~I~ I':~~~..;.l[,~,'= ~ '.':. .. __ ' _I I ~""'", J ~~ ~ ~ :_,>_:,~ :',__'_ ~~. _~~:~ '._.',~ ~ '_'_:~ I.:..:.:~

:'-.",'. th ' ... ~.", ..... ".'., d I' ~ . '"I : c'~r":'" te : .... t~ - .,, III' .,:, •. - .... .'. -',' . .' d .

el ner ,SI.e,,, ts con en,_JIQU,S groun ..

5 G:~-·rIO~I·U.1 n··d: on 'w,.·.·:.' .. :lh,,··'I~'c:;h·· each S~:~·.I"I·ld.·.· e·~·, h as llbertv of rnoveme •• snt I·'S··~··: open

[., .... . ,. I . .., . , . .., . ... . I . I ..,.., I " .. .. I I . . .. . .., . . . ,

"

'6~, G;rou[n,d whtch forms the kev to three 'C,Ol1lt:'igUOUIS states}, 'so' that he .•• ·····~ who occupies it' first has most of the Emp':.:,ire" at •.. ~ hls

~ _ . " ., ~ _ . _ ~ _ " _, u _ ~. ., ~ _, _ ~ ~ ., , ~ _ _ ~ ~ ~ _ . _ _ ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

command, is a ground of intersectlng highwavs.

'7,~, 'W'lheln ani armv has penetrated into the heart of ,a h ostll lei country, leaving a number of fortified cltles in jits rear, iit ls serlous ground.

18"j, Mloluntai[n forests, rUl8'gled steeps, marshes and 'fens, ...... ,aU country' that is hard to traverse: this i~,s difflcult ground,


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

s, Glr'Qunld which is reached through narrow gorges, land from

.. _ _ ~ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _. . _ .. _ _ _ ... _ _ _ _ _ .. u _ _ _ _ __ _ _ .. _ _ ,..1 _ . _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ J - - - -

which 'W'1e can onlv retire lb'y tIOrtUIOU,S paths $,0 that a small number o'f' the enemy would suffice to crush al large bodv 10'f' our men this ''';5''' hemmed ln ground

._J=- _1_1 :: ~, __ 1_ IL:~ _I. ,=-1_11 __ ' . __ =-:1:,:' [ __ 11_ : '_ [_I : __ ::,:~. __ I:,:' ~

- - '0"" ., dls .. ··· ". '!II. I' ., '1" , d th . '1' rf '1' 'f'~'·· ht " .. rt 0" -.' fa ····1 d

11. I,n mspersrve ground mere ore, 1111;g, not, onract e groun I

h 1- - - O· _. - - 'I d ,- k' -

.. .'. n- - - "- .' - . -n° .. n _. -n' -I" .. - " .. . - r- .. -. - n .. - - "- - - ',' .. " 'n' . . '-

. '. , " " ,", ' ,', "'111' , " " 1 ... I ' " . ' .. ', " ,'. . '" .'" .', ' .. ', ""

__ a _ t. __ ot"~"'_1 _ c'o_ te __ t,_IOIUS ,8 _ OIU[_1 _:< __ , atta C,_~ not.

:12-'" 'O""'-':I'-n:'" 0'--' nen "-:---'0""" md do ·0:···'0···· 't-'I- trv to block the ene rn _",_,I,S" '-"-"'-'a'-'-"'-"'~ O'-;I-n:"

. <~., ':'IIP~_, gr>,u_,II, '_ 1111"11- ", II: _I_~C_,',·II __ ' :-:[n,~[I'y ,:~ w:c Y.'['

the ground of intersecting hllor'hwcr','?s- 'i'OI~nl hands wit hi vour allles. - - - - - :_ ~ - - u - - ... -- - _ ~ -- - - - - - - - _ - -:_:i ~ _ - D - - _ - - - y - - I ,J - - _ - - - .. ' - - - - - - __ - - - y - - UL - -- _ - - - - -

1- ~ 0=1-- - - rt - u - --- - - - -- d - - th -.- ln '-1- - -- d - -- II n_11 dlfflc rlt around

,__:.:,3~ on S18-0S grounn, garner LJ IP'_IUn:~:J3:r~ _~~ _~~I~IC,U~,_ grouno,

keep st eadilv o n the march .

• '- ~ .', ~:, •... : : ,c .. ' .' . ~I'.' ':." I ",,"- .. : .... " " "',' /, = II' ',' .~.·I ..•.... , 1"1',

. _ .. _. . _" . _ . "_ . "_ .. '.' . _ _. . il . _!l , . " __ . _. II

, ,

1·- 4"- 1'0'·' -,' .... he ..... " :. sd- ~ .., .. ~, ("Ilil' 'id: ... '. (:·'11' t tc st r 'at ';-' a ':' ,'" '0"':·· des 1'1""""'1 ,.I~.c,,'t- "'''''1

.'. ' ..... ,n e[mlmle-. [In groun, res,orl- .0 s.ra lagernll,.neS[pe[ra.e

- f -

,.,. h

:~ r-=::-' -, ~ [ .. :-;' t: '1-'1- (~-::,' ii1

Ig- au nd"I' _,g~ _ t~,

1,5,., Those who were called skillful leaders of old knew how to d rive ell wedge between the enemy's front: and rear: to prevent co-operation between his large and small divislons: to hinder the good troops from rescuing the bad, the officers from rallvlne thelr men

. -- YL,b .. ~ .. -- . ., ~ - - _,

16~ Wheln the enemy's men 'were unlted thev managed to keep them in disorder,

18~ I'f' asked how to CO pie' wi'tlh a great host of the enemy ln orderlv arrav and on the point ot marching to the attack, [I


40 '

should say: "Begin b,y selzlng something 'whiic'hl your opponent

h"': ····,Id· I'·,.: d ,'-"',,~ -.1", t he .' h ',"-"', ,·· .. ·',·,,'~1111 b ,,"-, ~~ '.' ,-,': tble :t""I' ':"1 ',' , ....... i ".' will II .oms cearrtnen lie WI ,,13 amename to YOlJlr Wll_,~

119,., Rapidlty 'is the essence of war:: take advantage 10" the enernv's unreadiness, make Vlour wlay' b,'y unexpected routes, and attack unguarded spots,

2.'~-O,·,··'·-:-·,',,-, T-,I-h .. l,e.-·.··, fo .. ··.:·.·.·II-lo.-·.·,'··c"',',-,"· .. ,~'I~,,n'11 a., a,,·~··-·:·'Ir:-e,'.····-, t he orin clples t'"ilO''' b "e" o~ bse rved b - a"n'"

" I! - , _ , , .. , "w~ -10 ",', .•. "-, -,' t' - -11,[1'11_ ~~,:": "~I-:: _-'-;, -V:-II, _),y (,

invadlng force: The further 'Y'ou penetrate iinlto a country, the greater wUII be the solidarity' of vour troops, and thus the def Je,,"~" nd e rs 'W,:,:· .. :':,·::I;O;I·III nIO': ·:.t,'-, prevail ~a::_-g,··:-· .. a inst 'Y·"·': .. :O,-II-II .

. . ',' . , .. , " ,1, ... , .,~; .. ", _._ .,[1, ,. ,'" U~I

• . . . l

2:1,., IMa'=,k:e--'-: foravs tn fertt le:--' countrv in order 't:-O-:I $::1-_- -p.· ..• ·.,-p·II,\,~, '~'701-[-- r a rmv

- - - - - - .- - - - - - ,- - --- v,, -- - - - - - - - .- - - - - .. -- u - - -- - y. - - - - - ~ .. - -- u - ,- V Y - lJI ~ . -, - - - -y

1_ 1_" _ _ "_, I. I.

- - it h f'::' d

Wll-11 '~'IO 01'1 'I'

2··~ ?I,,-, 'TI-' h row ~y_-''''~IO;:'I -UI-] r' =, ,-S-~Q-: ld '~' e -r::-s'-', '"'1-1:1 n ·";-0'1:_"': p 'O;:'I-S'-',"'I: tl'L_~I" ,0.1:: lin:· . ~S: -w,,-;, h 'IQ nc e···~· t h ~. ·e,~- -rl 'e ls I-n- .0--:'

.;, I! . . , . . ,.i'. . . .. . . . .'. .,. ,.... . ..'. ,. . .. ' .' ' ' ~" - , '. .. I '.' .. ~ - .

esca pe, and thev w'ill ~ prefer death to 'fUo'ht'-'-- I., thev w'illl face

- --1_ - - " -- - - - - - -- - y - - - - - IF - - - - - - - - - - a - - 0 -- - 01, - - - • - - - - - ~ y - - - - - --. ~

death", there, 'is nothing thev may' not achieve, Olffiicers. and men all 1I,,j' ~, 'W', :"', ',: '''1'''1- -I p U,' ,t'- fo rt -_: h tl-- h rQ ~I r U" t--·,t'- IQI rrn , ' '0-;' st S:tl-:" re n '. et -' h '

,,_,. I\~ .. ' ... , '.' .,".,' .. ' .. :' .:" .. ~'.. ',' :_,,'1;;;,1 II . _:-.1,1 ':'., ~' .. b"l .. ,'ii!'

24111 Soldlers when in desperate straits lose 'the sense' 10'1' fear, If' there ls "10 place of' refuge, thev 'w'UI stand firm, II'" thev are in hostile country, 'they will show a stubborn front, If there 'is Ina hi elo fa '.~' ! t:., t h er ,) 'w'i III' fi ~Q' h t h a rd .

- - .. p - - r I - J ... - y - - - - ,- 1:1 - - - . .. -- - - - ~

2S"" Thus, without waltlng to be marshaled, the soldiers 'w nl II be consrantlv on the qui: vive: wlthout waltlng to be asked, they 'wUlI

do "Y"i,:,'O'-': U' r W>,: ',1'''1:11-1' 'i! "W": ,· .. ,'~I"·t--'lh-·-"'o'-··'·'U'lt·~, restrictlons the .. 'y": 'w""""':"~I':'I-II- b e ", fa il'I"t"h--Fu'll- ~ W·":' 'lthout

',.,." :,. ' ...••. ', .. , '., "I,.' "",:·.1 II .. '-·.:, ·.1./, .:,' .1,1," .• / '." .. , , " :.1111"'1 ' .. !' .. , , .. ' :

:Q'iivinIO' orders, thev cain be trusted,

iO . - - I:) .1- .. .. I .. ~ " . - - '.. .. .. ~ ... .. ~


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~:' .. , .1. 01 '" a r

:216~ p1rohiblirt the taklng of omens, and do a'wa'y w'ithl superstitious doubts. Then, until death itself comes, no calarn it:y' need bel feared.

:2.'7. [If OIUlr soldiers are' not overburdened with money, it ls not because thev have a distaste for riches: lf their Ii"ve',§ are not u ndull'y' long, i't ls not because thev lare disinclined to longevitv.

'28 On the dav they" ariel ordered out to battle .. ¥,'"our soldiers mlay,:··':":

, ." '.' , ., I I .' .. ':: ., I , . ." .. , , .' . . I ..... ... ., '.' , .,., ,. "1,: .'" '.'.' .. ." '. " ':'

"w" 'e'" e" 'p'" th ····0·· s' e'" s· ""I:'I"t"'-'t'-; no - '~P'" b "e'" de W" ;In···o th e' '. ~~ g' 'a" 'r'-m'"'''' s····n· ts a'" nd th 0'"s' e" '. 1-'1' ··,!'n·· g' "

"~,~'.J_-J,.~:I',, :~JIIIL -6 UI: oeuewn ,6,,~-'Jr,'_[_1 ,~:.I',,~'·~I· __ U'I.~~,':~~>~ _:", II~'_'

- - ~ - - ~ -

dow .. ,,·_-,·>n .. '··· letting .... th e~1 tears ·r·,:·u. n d .. ···o-'W",,'·.".-, In their C .. cheeks. But le .. at them . ,o-,:'n'lc-,e~1

. . . .1,. .. . '. . I.. .,..1 .. . . .. I. . . • II .. . .,. . 1 ., '.' . . _.;J! • ' . , '.' .'. . . .' .

be brou .. lg~'-hlt--, to ~b-"a:-~y·,·"·,,,~ and thev r-w"'OJill ~ dlsp •• ·I'1 a ~Y"',i t 'h' e ,I C;:IO',:I-UI- ra ee ofa chu or

.. " _., " _ " . . , , , . ."" .,. .., . . . ~: " ., - I . I. ... -, .' . '" . , 0 ' , . .. ,-, - ...

.. -K"~' - - - . ~

a su er,

zs. The skillful tacticlan rnav be Ili'k:e'ne'd to the shual-jan Now 't", h 'e' '5': h UI ~ 'I~ J"' 'B' n ~Iis~' ~I sn a I k ';0 't-;' h at '·1 S-' fo 'U' n d ln th 'e' le:'~ h . U In" a 'm'''''' 0"-" U" n t '8' .11 n C'

, ' I I~' > I . ~ '~Jh - ,: I I, :: g ~. :,I~ . I,:~.. ,:~, II:" ~ ,'I II: ~ '" , I ! I,~ ,...,' I.: I ',b .11. II , I: ,I. ' I .. -' ~ , , ;;;J'II;

S"='t"k t ,!Ii',- h d d .. 'II b t· t k dl b '~,- t· ll t ~ k t lt

,':,I'rlll>.e al us neac an ylou WI .. __ oe attackeo ,:'Y us tau: smxe at LIS

tall, and you w iill II be attacked Iby' iits head: strike at lts middle, and you 'wilU be attacked lby head and tall both,

:3;0,., Askedl if' ani army can be made to lrnltate the shual-lan, I should answer, Yes. F'or- the men of W'u and the men of Yueh are' enemies: vet lf thev are crossing a river ln the same boat a nidi are caught b'y a storm they will come to each other's assistance !'-',' st a:~' s th e left han d h relps the rlght,

JU,_-; I~,.., .. I, ~:_~' I, . ~<.,I ~,<,,~,I ~'", .. ~,_l :~' _ ': ~ , .-'-~

:31~ Hence lit 'is, not enough to put one's trust in the tethering of' horses and the burying of chariot wheels in thel eround

.... ". .. 1 II , .. ' D: ' 1...... .. , .. , ,b . . . ..

":~. ·HI "-1"","":","," t ~', .-,' " ... ', ,'=. k ",~ th i ..... , b .:",,',:': st of b oth -' st ""'11'1 I" :'.:'.. .~' '.' d wea ·lk'··:··"-I-"t'~-h" :~, ,t:" le ,:-..

,~c:t~ .. ow.o ma,e.lle,es, 0 :0,. S ron,g an .. wea .. I,BI I,S a

q '. iestlo -n° l!'-n"'" '-'0""1'1" '-'~"ng·.-' th '. e p" r' 0" p'" er" .- 'S' ·'S··-·' o' ··f·'·,--;' B.-'r' "0"'- - nd .-.

Ui :...:..I:c I" .",' II . 'VII! V,',":I "'1 .:.: '. _! 1-- '1-': . , I:_:_,:·· IU :'. ", "': I' I~' -, 'UI " ':'

. .... J. - "_. ,- _" , .. " " '--. . . . - I .' 1 ,_. . " - ~ .. .It. . .. .",.. I' ' .. " ," '. .. ;.IIi,;

'. .' .. ' .. ~'", .. ~. '.~" . ..' .....~ '. - ~,., "_ . ~ .. . '. . . . . . -. .... ". . - .. ~ ... ~ .~.

~ ' ... " .~. --,-


4'.,:2.1

... 1:" I

34[~, 'Thus the skiljful general conducts his army just as though he

w ... · '~'e' ". ~r~e- - le . 'a' .'. d' . "'I' n" g"-' 'a" '5" il' ·0-···· a le ~m~ "3 I'n 'W~ .c. , '~I' ~ I'~V'~ n" "III ~V"~ l~b::fV'- t h e' ". h 'a:' ·n· .. ·' d '

,,".-:.-:.' ,'_:,_~,~" li- .... -~. ~) II, ;r,:" ,~:, [Ll 'ig ., ,'> .. , ~','''''I' . ....;,'1" ,I::. .·II:~". ~I 'I'

,35"1' It is the business of :8 general to be' quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright a nidi just, and thus. malntaln order.

3- 6'-:' IH" "1 e" . -m' ... -.~ s·· t b ". e" a' ", b . "I~ e- '. to m' .... ~. '-s' t -} hI hl S·' 0" 'ffoc" -::i!i c-~ e'" . ~r:s" a" ~n'" d -m" ". e~" n' b ". -··c f 'a '1-5" e

""~'I' .' I.~ .11. U·, . II ~':~ e vu n V[-- I-~I ".I he Til :_'<I~· ,[~ 111.- me .ll:Y 1.·[[ ~

reports and appearances, and thus keep them [in total lgnorance.

3· "7 B' - - alte rl ~n"'- IS h i~ '5--' 'a-c, ~-'::-.::' :-. --;:-:-'0 'm':- _".",:-. I~"~" t 'S:-·, a~-I- - 'd'~'-' ·c·· h -; -:11':- 'g-I I~:- 'g:--; h ls - .. -::, -1-:11':- 's-'::' Ih~:.'19.:

'~'I!' ~--V I~.·e rlol L[-:::. r.ralng[~11 . en".: e n,:, .~ ... [c. n'll n[ ~ p[c. n'>1 ~,

keeps the enernv wiit:hlout definite knowledge, By shlfting his camp and taking circuitous routes, he prevents the enernv from [a nticlpating his purpose,

3'511,., IHe burns hi's boats and breaks hils cooking-pots: ltke 'a shepherd drlvlng a f:llo'ck: of sheep, he dnves hls men this way and that, and nothing knows whither he is going.

40111 To muster his host and bring it: lnto danger.=this rnav be term ed the bus .. lne s·s·· of t h e'" g-'e'" n .. ieral

'._ .~ILI_~~·~.,L_.:.JJI f. ,~./ [.~'I~-f>~ :>.,,1.11.[.-, .~

4,:1,,~, The different measures suited to the nine varietles of ground: the expedlencv of aggressive olr defensive tactics: and the funda m enta II Ilaws of human nature: these are thing's that must most certalnlv be studied.


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

,4,2~ 'W'hlen lnvading hostile territory, the gene rial I principle [5" that penetrating deeply' brings cohesion: penetrating but a short w,ay' means dtsperslon.

,4,,3. W'heln y'olu leave vour own country behind and take 'y'olulr armv aC:lr'IOSS nelahborhood terrttorv, y~"~'D'UI find vourselt on crttlcal

I e I~. - l!' I~.

grou .. nd .. '·W····',,',[-h,·,e-···n··-· there a re means of comrn .'. unlcatlon on a.~co··I.[I- four

,. .'. [iiI '.' _' ,.,1__. ,1_ .. , '_ .1._11 __ .,. ",.,~ _, __ , ." L __

side s, t' he around '~IS> 10'··:-I·:-n··: 19':-" of lntersec tlns h-"i!ia·h:··'-'-'~'a=~· 's,

,l-~" '. ,,'" '0 ,", IU, "',, ~.',' :" _I !"I, .- ,,~II. ,- 1-0 ,,.10 IW V,,·

AlAI W'~"-"(h"e'-n r.··-·o· --. penetrate deeplv lnto a-' countrv ~'r*, ls serious

I~'~: <, ~ u :.~ _ I_i Y> U ~":: _ 1_ b, I_I I :_.: .,11. ~II. :: _:11 _:_ ~ 1_11.",.: I_I I: • U _~ ,_ \>" IlL II < ;::"." ., _ L~I.:~

ar··o-,u-· md .. -· '. W·,::,,·:,·,"·',·:h·I~'n· "Y··_'·',·:O .. -:.U·.· pe n· etrate but _I a I ~'t".",t,-'-I·le~: W··/·,··I. ~a~:_-'y'- ~t'- I'I~.S·.:', f ',8>· CI·~I~'~e.·~··· gror ·~In···· d ':"

ID" ". ..• ... .' ~ '. ". . .' II. ..'.'" . ..... '. . ,I ... '. . .... ., ~.. I. . .' . I. . . c::. ,1.. loll .. I

415. 'Whle·nl vou have the enernv's stronzholds on ~:O--Ir rear, land ~ - - - - - - -- - y - - u ~ - - .. - -- - - - -" - - - - - ~ y -- - - -- - - f!) - - ~ --. -- - - - - y - u - - -. - ,. - ~-

narrow plaSS,!IS in front, it is hemmed-in ground, 'W'hen there is

no place of refuge at aIU", it is desperate ground,

,:4 ... 1,'7 ..... -. ·.O.-'I-n-:: contentlou .. lS-:~ .g;~: -r-IQ . ...-:,·.IU-II- n d ~l -W,'-,:':O-[-U··- 'Id:- h-I"'-I-U .. -I-r-fr,-:y~'~ IU-· -'IP"'_-,"· ·ml...-·······~y'~ rear

. !Ii .•.. I '.. . 1 .. ' ,,~., , I~ . ", •. '.1 " . . '.' " . 1 '.' ~" ~

All&') On '0' I'IP""I e n ,O'lr"'O'IIUI' nd ~ ~·"O: uld keep a'c"

LiIiJO til :. . I, .' '- I. b' ". . J .. J. Iv'll!' " . : . . ~ I . '.' :.

defenses. On ground of i'lnt@llr'.s@ct[ng

consolidate my alliances.

,"i'g'iIIBlnt le'ye on my highwavs, I would

,4,9~ On serious ground, I would try' to ensure a continuous stream of sup •• ···lplli'els, On difficult around l would keep •. · •. pushing Olin

. ., 1 .. . "". I' r·l. . • .. I . . ... . .. .. b· .. - . ..., .... ... . . - [. .. I. I I...cc . .. . ..

along the' road

desperate ground I would proclaim tc m.I'_······.'y,.:·,.·,/ soldie _ _-·:·r··s·-_··_·:,,: the .. : he .• _···,.·-p·_:·.·.· .• e··,·.··_·.:-

:_: :"_ i::_' _. __ .::' '= ~_. ,_11_:_"1 ~_,__.I._'_::'_' ... I_I I,_~ _ _ I _ _ _ _

lessness of saving their U'\t'eSt


5:1,,~, For it is the soldier's disposltton to offer ani obstinate resistance 'when surrounded, to fight hard when he cannot help

h ;0, ~ '" , "' I f'~' ~ ., d t 'b ~ ~. ~ " .."" t I~I ~ ~ ~ ~h' . h . ~ h f:' I~I ~Il _ ,~". t dl ~" ~

rmsen anc to ooev prompt 'v wnen ne nasrauen mro canger.

~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

52"1' We cannot enter lntc alliance wlth neighboring princes until

w'e are acquainted wlth their designs. 'We are not fit t:o lead an ,-a~' rrn :.- "'V"':',: ,0,=,n"1 the rn '""'I~a~'r':c~:~h'l 'U,' n-'I less 'w",le·~ -' a r.e·~··" fa mo. ·","'1 lrl a r ',w ... :, .. ··/·Itl~~h~·-··· the face IOI-,i'f~:' th 'I,e-'"

_ " I I " .,' , I '"' , , ,'" ~ "I ~ , '"' ,_' ~ , " " ~, ' " " ~ ,,' ,L, ' ',', I ,,' ',~ '~ " , , ~ " , _

countrv-Its mountains and forests, lts [piitf'aUls and preclplces lts marshes lind swamps. W,e s ha I III be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides.

53,,~, To be []gno,redl of anv lone of the following four or five principles does not befit a W',81 rllii [ke' prince.

54", W'lh,en a warlike prince attacks a powerful state, his generalship shows itself In preventing the concentration ofthe eoemv's forces. He overawes hils opponents, and their allles are' prevented from [olning against him,

55,,~, Hanes hie, does not strive to alUy' himself wlth all and sundrv, nor does he foster the, power of other states, He carries out hls own secret design . s keeping hls antagonists ln awe, 'ThIUlS he ~s able to capture their cltles an d 0-' V" "'e'-' rthrow their ktnedom 'S'-"

I,I~ I ~,,~,_:_,,:" '-:J_,_I<" ~ :~, I _I_ :.,,: ~ I~I',J jl)::~, ',~ _ I_I~:" ,>' i,_"JI I,~I JI,::~,~/ ,,~I'_: _:~l ~ ~~ J~ D~:"-,:"~L, '"

5'7',~, C:oln'f'ro'nt: your soldiers with the deed itsellf; never Ilet: them know y'our design, W'he'n the outlook is bright bring iit before their eye1s;,' but tie II them nothing wh.en the sltuatlon 'is gloornv.

"5:'8"~ Place ~y":'IO,_:.-,U~", r a rrn :'""'1 "V"':'_-,:' 1I;[I'n""'1 deadlv .. ·'-,:' ·P"I,It:l;[r·~""I"·I-" a nd lt w':"i:"I'I-'II- 'S',":IU"I" rv .... -,.,!lI-'v·,'e-)~ [p'.I~.UlI nge "'It:"

,'.' , "'.' " "" ,:' .,.. .. ",'" , ~ "'I" ,.1"" " .... , I ,",I' ~, "~' "

lnt '0":""', despe rate stra lts, an d '11't'-' ,:.,~,'C'il" llcome off ln s::'a':'~' fetv

~._ ~','~.~_, .... <_,~ .-', ..... ~ ..... I,~ W_,,", _II" ,.' __ 1_ ... '._ .cl~y,~


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

16,3., On the dav that 'V'DU, teke up vour command block the frontier passes, destroy' the official tallies, and stop the passage of' alii ernissarles,

1t!.:4·· 81.':, .. _ .. ste ' '.' '. '-'. 't- he _, I' ""·'1 -'h,,:" be ".: '-.'.-: that "","-"11'" .....• - ,.,:' cent ",',-,'·1 the

g .. se s .ern rntne c1oun1CI'-IC 'alml~'. er, somat you may centror tne

lt t iii,

SII·:Ula r 10ln~,

166., IFlorestall1 vour opponent by selzlng what he holds dear, a nidi subtly contrtve to time hJ,S 31 rrlva I Ion the ground,

16B~ At first, then, exhibit the coyness of a malden, untll the enernv gives 'you an opening: afterwa Ir1d,S, emulate the rapidity of a running hare, and 'it 'wUII be too late, for the enemy tOI oppose you,~


46-)

, -.,

1~, Sun Tzu said: There a rei flve w'ay's, of attacking with fire. The first is tOI burn soldiers in their camp; the second iis t'IO burn stores: the third is 'to burin baggage tralns: the fourth ~,S to burn arsenals andl magazines: the flfth ls to Ihurll dIrIOIPP'i'nI8; fire amongst the enemy,

2,., lin order tOI (larry DIUt. Ian attack, wei must halve means available. 'The material 'for ralslng fire should alwavs be kept ln

ir'e·.···.· ··."a·> d I~I n .", es s .-

,I .. __. __ . .. .. !!'

4,1' The proper season ls when the' weather is very' Idry'; the special days are those when the moon is, ln the constellations of 'the Sleve tlhle W,aU, the Wi'ln,g or the Cross ... bar: for these 'four are

a- 1'11- d a 'v-' ,~s-, 0'- f c' rls ;'1 r-n- g' 'W" ri •• II' n d

___ >::_"'2_ ~J_' _. _>j_'-_'-,,~,,~'_'~l". ~

S· ln a .tta ". c-.-~,r-k·:~'tl·' n 'g .... -' I~W··· vlth ftre '0' ','. n e':'· sh '0·:···· uld 'b 0 -p> re -p:.,. 'a':" red t 0""'" m eet 'f~'iI!l':'v- '~D

~~' .. ,I" .. ,.,,' .. I~~:I" ,I, .. I '<-_;I:I.'-::- ./,-,.'~.-::-.'I>-::-'>.,- , l-=-,~,."~,

PI 0' · .•• ·s·: sJ b I e,- d e~,- ve·'·.··1 0,> p' : me·: nt ;-:5'::

. . ~ . - ~. _. ~ - . ~.. .. - ~ ~. ~ ~

_ ~

it! .(." :1()'\ w> _""',,.', h '''''''1 -:-. :f"~ 1-='''-:' b .. ,·= .,:-: .::' ks -.: .... rt iii' --- ld -, t .. ··:·::··· ,'-, --.-" -, -:::"-'-"-'.:-' .-_ :-.:::. --.:, '.- I' ='. - (:- .:- .. .--, --.-. d -I -,:t·.-

'Ul,~, ,l,.'''''' len lillie creaks out msroe to enemy s camp, respon 8,

once w,,~ '~I~t-"h':' an att tack from wlt h out .. -

. __ "'._-., :: '" .'._. ~ ,_= .. ~ I,~ ~ _ - ." .. _", 1=, :: .... :-_), .": _'.' I ... ' ... 1 . __ . '":'._: .. :- .... < .. , ' .. - .. __ ,'I'

'1 ('12'):" Ilf there is an outbreak of fire but the enemy's soldiers

, . III .. 1", ~ 1'/ . .. -'. ". - .' . - .' '. - . . '. - .' '.' . '. - '.' - .. - '. , - .' . 1 . - ., .' '. . '. - I - '. - , . -. [ . . -. .. :.: ' - .' '. - '" - .... -.. . ". - . . - ,

rem aln qulet bide ·y .... rou r time a lin" d do not attack

![; .. I ... !! ..... ,. ~ '! -'I' .... -. ~ :',.'" - '. -:. '.C . .~; '. ' ..... ,., ' .. '- . 1- . - '. '-'.', ,,~, .. ,1-


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f' :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

,B~ ('. 3'~.: 'W'hen the force Oil' the flames has reached its, height,

" ,I ~ .. ~ _ ~ ,-, ~. ~ ~ ~ - . - ~'_:__ ~ - ,'1

follow iit IUp with an ,a tta elk" if tlhat is practicable: lief' not} stay

where Y':i,::IQU airel'

"

9. (4] [If it is possible to make Bin assault with fire from without, do n ot watt for -I="tlr to bre ak IO---liU, t w~":'~'I~,t':'hl--:I'-II=ln~::-"1 bu ~,t .. , d 'E!-~'liiil"'lv~';e---:'-"r~=' '~y"',:,:"o:-:~u~'r"= att tac 'k·· at

. . .. " ' . . . , I ~ ., .. "I j II,. , " . " , . " .. . I'" ., I ' .

'- ~' _ " .. " . _. '- ,-" ~ ~ - - '~, -,". ~,' - '- '. ~ "-' " ~ . " ~'.' -' '~, ".. ' ~ -' . ~ '. ~ - ' ~ -' '-' _,,~, - _' _ _ ~ ~,.' - ~ .' .. _,' . _. ~.,~". -' '~ -' ',~ -' _' ~ ."' .. '''' .. _"~ . ~ ~ , '~. - ". - '. ~"~ ,,~ '. _ '.~'

a favorable moment,

1~ O'~.·· (','5~) W\:'i·,:,,::'h'le-1n' vou start ,~a··.··· flre be to 'W,-""," :'I-'n' ··,d·.··."w"'·i,,.-'· .. rard .. l of " I-it- D- 101: not a.· .. ittack •• ,· .•

. . .. '. ' . ,I I . , .,' . .. .. ., I , . "I., 'I ..., .,.. , , I,. , .., .,' ., I .. , ,j,." ,. ". "I,

from the Ilee'ward~

11' A"""~ .-. 'lnd th -. at --~~""'.'" ln the d ;(yt,,:,-i-!:·IIII.~· [11;~~;",t'-(~, lone. 'b:~' rt ;1 In.(II~.,O .• ght

. '~~.'"'' Wllnl'.,113e, rises L ~ ~~~,a,lm e as S long,,., - u~, a D

breeze SO'Dln falls,

1,2~ In levery army, the five developments connected 'with fire m .. iust be known the m ·'O··I·-··'V"'QI'm'Qln·,·"t~I~S-' of the star '5< calculated and a

,II ,',',.~.."~ ,"'.,:'" " .1< I,:/.,·~;, III~"I .. ~., "~'., ,111~~,.c" .~, '_~ '.:'~, :I>'~""~I:' I"., :

watch kept for the proper davs,

1,3~ Hance those who use flre as an aid to the attack show lntelligence: those who use water as aln ald to the attack gain an accession of IS::t· ··r··e,'··,"'·'ln· gt .. ,,:, h ..

" -,' ,~;., I. - .,'. - ,".~. •• I -. '! -.' . _. . •. :.....:.: -. . iii]

l' ·s- U nhappv '"'1'·5"< '·t·,lh·'e- fate '0- "'f'~' on £!!Ii 'w"'. rh '. o tr les 't;IO·"'·'~" ,w,··,··,,,'·I'· n h·I., ·II,S~~·· battl es a nd .

", .. '1; ' .. 111.,1" .. ,.",."", , 1".:. ".··, :c:,[ '!!'~ ',',,",,1: ,I '::,:': •... ' .. ' ',',,', 1,11.,: :, .. ', .• '.,,' .. : '<,I,~, .. ,

succeed in hts attacks 'without c:[ultjj'v'lat:~n,g the spirit of enter ....

PI rls ft'ii f ,'0,(' ['I'" t~ =h' ~ r e ':_. ··S",",,'UJ Ilt,- - [~Il' s w":·"" "_'':~ ste IO":'~' f t~ ~'I·' rn ..... ,Q a ',' n ~ d g,':. ,'e···~·' n er a I st a:':ID' n .' a: st len ....

, ,~,' .. II ., ,~',. ,J, ~ ,,~I . ~ " ,I~: ., I . =-.' . ,I'~ .,. . b I" ., .~ .. ,.

16~ Hence the saving: The enlightened ruler lavs hls ·pl111,8Ins wleUi

I_, • • ~I '_


48·""

,

1'7"1' MOlve not unless ~V,OIU slee an advantage: I~I-sle' not 'V',,'OI~I-r troops _ ~ ~ _ ~ _ _ ~ . _ _ ~ ~. L _ ~ ~,. . ~_ _ __ . __ ~ __ . ~ _ _ ~, u ~ .~ _ u .. ~ _ _. " ._

unless there is something to be gained: fight not unless tlh,e

. _. . .. - '.' -_. .. . - . - - . - . . .. I : _ ,I ., - - .. - '"" " - ,_. I .. _ " " :c,1 I _ . . _ . - . . _" _. . . .-

. - . . .

position ts critical.

119~-1,~, Ill: T lt 'is' t,' 0·····.-. C,',:O,'- I~~ ~ Ii"' adva mtaae '.'~,. m la- ke .. "~ ,a- to rwa rd i m c .;, ·,·~e:~ ~ I~f n ot -, st ~a:·'-I::":

-.11 .,. I ._. _._ y. u ... v .. - _ .- 011' .. -- ... - ... - .. w. -.-, v I L ., -'" -.,y

where 'y:":'"o-u' a re

. ","_-!J "_-- . i "._-",-'. - - '."--::- II!

20,~, Anger Ima'y ln time change to gladness; vexatlon may be succeeded Ib,y' content,

~2':'-:l1 B--··' -t~-- --,-, -k)j ._=.,-' .dc '='-'. that ha _ 'o"-n::"c~o bee __ -- destroyed 'c-"'a'-"~n--" n_-lle,·.·~_~lv-"'le·.:-=-.'r.-'--::

",ii, ~U aJnl,g'~om"a, la,s '_ .,~,-:een ~ _.1._ ,/ .• _._I~<

come agaln into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to llfe.

22,11, Hence the enlightened ruler ls heedful, and the good -- - - ~ - ~I f'~~'~-II- -'f~ - - ~ ·t-'~ - ~- 'Tn'!' - '" - th - W-I t - k- ~- - - - t~' t·, genera '[ u_ 0 caunon, .. _~JIS ISI-_S '<,,~'ayol~ee',P a countrv at

peace and an army' lntact,


"l'h' . A" .rt; ..... 'f: :W··· ',.". ·····1

.lie~," .. , .1. 01 '" a r

4· s

I. _ : ." J

• I. _o"

r, Sun 'T'l:U said: R,[ai'si'ng a host of' a hundred thousand men and marching them ereat d '''I:''S·~···t- ances entails heavv los .. s .... ·, o .. '····n·::· the people

,111- ' .... " .. I.,-~: 'C, .~ I '. D ~ .. ' "_.c' : •. '.~ .. ' ~~" ~, ., '. :' .. ,' ,. ~,', '.,' . ,1"',1-. I ,,~, I,','~'" :1_11[;,

and a drain on the [reSQU[fC,eS of 'the State. 'The d:aHly' expenditure 'w'UI amount to a thousand ounces of silver, There will be corn motlon 'a-t- home and abroad and men 'w,···'·", .... ,:!lI~11 drop dow ... :[ln··

.. " II '. • , '.. ' _ II" .". ' ." '_'" '", -e , "II, _' ' ,,' , I , "". . . _ '" "

exha ust ed O"-"'nl the .. ·· hlghwavs A';" 'S"- -m .. ···'arn···'-y·"-' a' 's': s·:e·····'-v'·~·e:· In' hundred

['".,~_I,,~[~--:-;'_:._ [.,.1:-:- u -0,-, "_:'/'::"!i!">[ ,,' _ i_, _:,C["[,>,jI, _11 __ 1,_.::1,

thousand famllles wi'll~ be impeded in their labor.

:2a Hostile armies may face each other for v'e~a,rs,,,, strivlng for the vl cto ". -ry--' ~ -W'- '-h-" ···iI'I:I·C····h-'-· ls d e'" cld ed "'1 n a' S-·'!!I·' n :a~lo d a-"-Y- 'Trh'- "'I<S" b e"'" !l1-'n·-a' S" 0'" to -r-e"" m a" ln

" I, ': :.':':':'" ' ': '.~~~ '-::-:,:: I' 1- :' _ . ..... .,'-=~ I:~:: II b I ~:~l:',' 'I . I I ~~:II_~, tI[ ~:'", _ '-:-:1,,;-'1 1

:3. One who acts thus Is no, leader of' men, no present help to hts

51 O'~I v,'e.·~·· re I'" 0' n n O:~' m .'. a st 'e·'· -[ Ir' IO.~' f .' 'V"',::,, 'I'" ctor V''" ,':' .

.. , .... ··I~[ ,1[· I. . .. , I . . .... ,,!Ii

4'a 'Thu:S,J' what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strl k· 'e': 'a:' [-- d conq .. ·- - - e:"--= a'-'" nd achle: "':e"'" t-i'h--:- ii'l-n····'g'-s::. be- ond th e:" -=,,':- a:' c·:·' h .. _-- 'fr

...••.•• S,IL,~ an ccnqueran ;~IC 1~:V~,II.'",<.;I~'y[n,·r:-_~ reacn 0

ordmarv men, ls foreknowledge.

[5~ Nlow this foreknowledge cannot be ellcited from splrlts; lit: cannot be '0"':' btain ed lnd -UI rctlvelv from e:.i/7p.·····:e .• erlence .. - no·.··.··· .. r··'· bv a":'n;'<Y'-:

1_:,:1_ .. _ III.. _" .~. <' .... '[,._ .. _:-=-',-'__1 [:- ._'.I_-:_~': =" _ .... _ _ . ,x .' ..... I . __ .... ,' __ ,_ .., y,:_ .. ~ '_,'

d Ie .• d .' u ctlve calcu I' atlon ..

". _ . ". _ _'. • . . _ I ", " ..• I ". _ '. _. J • J _ • • !Ii

t!: IK'[n~ owl edae 0- f the enernv's dispositlcns can onlv be 0'-' btained

Ig. <,~', ~"b'~ •...... '.' II ~ ~'~ [II :,' >'[ I' I::-;:[<'~:"~ :I~_,' [!I ::'1 _;,~,[":' .~_I ~["

from other mien.


'50'"

~ .). .'

'7,~, Hence the US[B of' spies of whom there are five, classes: (1) t.ocal spies; (2) inward spies: (:3) converted spies; (,4,) doomed sples: (5,) su rv'ivJ n,g spies.

,B,,~, W'hen these fi'v'e kinds of sp'y are all at wo,r[k"" [none cain discover the secret system. This Is called "divine manlpulatlon of the thre rads U 'I'tr-- ·I'S) the :s::O~I'v,',':e'-r·'.e· ,': ign's .... ), m·:· .O'I:S··"tl~-' p~ r[~:e·:c:'I~I··OI-,.U· ··S~' facu ... ~It .. -'y···,:.· ..

" "' . .' ". " " ... .', ~'. ~ . 'I '.'" . '.'..' .' , ~ .". ~. ,,' ".'" ... .'".. .. ,.1. . .. .. .. . ~.' '. ,,' . . ' ~"'" . .' ... ' . . . ."'. "': " "

I,., Having local spies means employing the services [01'1' the inlhablta[nts of a dlstrict.

1::1"., Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes.

12"1' Having deemed spies dotng certain things cpenlv for purposes of deception and allowing our spies to know of tlhem and report them 'to the enernv.

1'1 ~l S~~'U~II~I~r=-~v·~!I!I··-v··~i;n·"" a ·S-~'~p ... !III·'·e······S:-· fln allv a ...... ·' -r-=a th 0·"S-' e"'-" 'w·· .. ~· ,~,~h'- 0·" brl "g'-' ba ck l~n:"Dr-w-' '~'S~' from

.. ;J"I!' .. 1 . I .'<:, .. ,' "liD ,~~ '~:',-",I .1 ,"/~l· ~'. c' [ I ::I'.-,,~,:', [ [i::[ . I ~I ~~_I~ .', . ~:'I..-' .. 1:[.1'"

t- h e"'" 'e': "', -n'" 'e" .... , -m" ...... · ~y' .. ~I S'" ·C·:·'3· .... ~m" ····lp·:····

,~ _'. :=-,,~, ~ ~,~, __ I I~~, '~".. . •.. ' ,~~ _ ~ 1~1 ~~ :. ,j!

14'i' Hence it ls that which none ln the whole armv are marie,

'i ntlrn a~' t ~e .. ···i r' ·e,·····.: la t ~~J 0:; ~nl S:~; t ;~'O ..• ··: b e-c; ~m: ,a.~· ,;; nt ':, a:-' 'i nlll e.__· d t 'e, hi a: ~ I'n" '. ~"~:' '!lt~: h ,S·,=' p.' : ,;; e.· __ . S.·\., N' .. , ~ 0,1:' [n 'e'--,

_ ~ ~ J ~~ ". ~ ... ~ . ~~ ~. ~ .. . ~. ~ . ~ ~. .. . .. ~ . _ .. ~ L . . ~ ~ ~ . .. . .. ~ ~ ~ ~ .. w ~" . .. I .. . ~ . .. ~ _ ..

should be more liberally rewarded, ln no other business should greater secrecy b[e preserved.

15,,~, Spies cannot be usefully ernploved wlthout a certain intultlve sagacttv.


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of ,t~ h ~ t' ruth of t,' -'h: '. e,:'I~ r r 'e-: po I: rts

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a, se .sUI'-/ e .. , oe sunne i, anc use y'olur spies '. lor evervxmc 0

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19~ I'f a secret piece of' news ls divulged b'y' ,a $IP'Y before 'the time ts .• · ripe he must •. ~ be p""I~1 ~tL: to death toaether with the -m:,':" a.···-n-II to ~,"'-'~h~~IO'-':' -mil Ii ., ,. ~-" . " ,.,u "" I, U" "_,,, .. , "0,,, . WI,., .. , ,.,.. " W I, ., ..

the secret was told.

:20~ 'W'lhet:her the object be tOI crush ani arrnv, tOI storm a citv, olr to assassinate ani individual, it ls always necessary to begin by' f nd iin~' out t c,he-_:c,: na me .. :.:c·IS~' of the attend ants the .. ·· .,~ a Ides-de-ca m -P···'.·:~,

. - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ,t) _. u -. ~ ~ . ~ ~ - . ~ _. ~. ~ ~ ~ _. ~ .. - ~ . ~ . ~- _. ~ . ~ - ~ ~... ~ ~ ~ .. - . I - - - - ~ .. '~ ~ ... - ~ . ~ . .. - ~ - ... ~ ~ I .. ~ "

- - d d - - k ~ - - - - d - t-' ~ !i f' -.' t-' h - - - 1- ... - . - - - d 0" ':" . -

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spies must be' commissioned to ascertain these,",

'21 The enemv's sptes who have ·C··O'·I··:-m··OI t .. "o·.'~··· 'SY'I:": on ~ '5···· mi st be

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,Sc:O'~I·U····1 g':' h I ,'t~· IO~' iUJ ·t~·: t .e~· rn ' IPI:t~:e- .,:d.: I w""" " -,:,' lt hi" b r -1'1 be ss led '. '"a;' 'w,,:,.-,,:,,:c.a:.IY::' ::' a ~ "1 n d .: · . .C·-. I.O·,~.·.· m . ifo rt a b Iy,:" i

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:2,2~ It lis through the mformatton brought by the converted SPY' that w'e are able 'tIO acquire and employ local and inward sples ..

'24 Lastly 'it ls b'V': his information that the survivine s'lp··.·,y<,' can bel

, ~ ,. .,. .. - " .. I .. I 1 1 .. I , .. _.1 ',b " I .

used oln appointed occasions.

:2,5,. The end and aim of s,p'V'ing' ln 18,11 its fi~ve varieties is knowledge of the enemy: a nidi thts knowledge can onlv be derived, ln the first instance, from the converted :spy, .. , Hence it is essential th a- ·t-' t .h e" c- o' " ~n"-' '--:e' " rted s~- ~p-.fi. ,- b s···, t reat .ed .-. -," '~'I!!t"-'h'-' t: .h s· .. ·, ~ rtm .. rost 1-" b .. ··e--· ~r·'a 11!"t·-cc' ,~,

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52, '

2'6,~, O'f old, t"he' rise' of the Yin] Idly In a sty W[8S dUI@' to I Chih who had

,~_" ad ~ ~, der th " IH;1 ?, L!I!'~k' _ ~ ~,ji '" tb ";0.,, 'f"~ th "C"'-::."~h" ~ dvr st ~

serv'e::~ u,n:e1r tne [=[SII18", ~ I leW]ISel},' I[e r]lls,e [0 I '1:le>" IOU '.'.'. y'nas:~,y

was due to l.u Ya who had served under tlhe Yln.

2'1[,~, HenIC:'8' lt ls onlv the enlightened ruler and the wlse general 'who 'w'iill use the highest intelligence of the arm'y "or purposes of spvlng and therebv thev achieve great results, Slpil,e.s are almost important element in water, because on them depends an army's a,bUllt,y to move.


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The Art of The War

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