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BHARATIYA NABHIKIYA VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED

(A Government of India Enterprise)

KALPAKKAM 603 102

BHAVINI

PFBR

QUALITY ASSURANCE MANUAL

FOR

PROCUREMENT, MANUFACTURING
&
SITE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

REVISION NO.1

September 2004

-1-
BHARATIYA NABHIKIYA VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED

(A Government of India Enterprise)

KALPAKKAM 603 102

SYSTEM: CONSTRUCTION

DOCUMENT No. : PFBR-QMS-QA-1 Rev. 1. USI No. 81300

QUALITY ASSURANCE MANUAL FOR PROCUREMENT,


MANUFACTURING & SITE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Names Date Signature


Prepared Shri. K. Gopal, SO/F, QA
by
Shri. G.V.V.S.R.Kishore SO/C, QA
Shri. S.S. Dhere, ACE (Civil)
Shri. V.K. Sethi, SO/H,
Procurement (Mechanical).
Reviewed Shri. K. Ganeshan, SO/F
by (Electrical)
Shri. A. Ananth, SO/E.
(Instrumentation)
Shri. H.R. Sridhara, SO/E, (FE)
Shri. M. Krishna Rao. PE (SP)
Shri. M. Palaniappan, SO/H (QA)
Shri. S. Gurunathan, CE (QA)
Approved Shri. Prabhat Kumar,
by Project Director, BHAVINI
Shri. R. Prabhakar,
Director (Technical), BHAVINI

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REVISION CONTROL SHEET

REV. NO. REVISION DETAILS DATE OF REVISION

REV.0 FIRST MARCH


ISSUE 2004

REVISED AND
REDRAFTED SEPTEMBER
REV.1
INCORPORATING 2004
COMMENTS OF
AERB ( PDSC & CESC )

-3-
! "

-4-
BHARATIYA NABHIKIYA VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED

(A Government of India Enterprise)

KALPAKKAM 603 102

$% & '() *%(+() (,)


-' ( . (.(' ,/
$! 0(1 2..('' ,' & 3(4 5 6& 7(,
3, ,(& 2
' ('1 & 1 -&21 (3 1' *(1%(3 3, . (3' (3(3 3 88 2
'(7 9- (')
. 3 . 3' 6& & .. 3,23'(3- )(.6& 7(3 ('1 88 2
'(73 11 (3 (.6 . 3' '( 3
,-&(3 '% 6% 1 1 8 231'&-2
'( 3 8 : & ' ')6 ; 1' $& ,& 2
' & 6& <2
'
& 1 3' )5 '% 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 % 7 * 3 & 3(4 , -3, & '= >(& 2
' & ' 1
3 . )5 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 3, 31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & ' % 1 >(& 2
' &1 ,(& 2
')
& 6 &' ' >5 $!

2
2&,(3 )5 '= (3, 6 3, 3' & -61 ? /& 2
-& . 3'0-3, & >(& 2
' &/ 2
%3(2 0
3, / 31'&-2
'( 30-3, & & <2
' >(& 2
' & % 7 * 3 1 ' -6

/0(1 & 16 31(* 8 & 9- ('). 3 . 3' ,-&(3 6& 2


-& . 3' 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 8
2.6 3 3'1 3, 9-(6. 3' ' '% . 3-8 2
'-& &1@1% 6 3, 1 = &+1 2&&( , -' '
(' 11 .*) % 6

/0(1 & 16 31(* 8 & 9- ('). 3 . 3' ,-&(3 231'&-2


'( 3 ' 1(' $ '% '%
& -61 1% 8-32
'( 3 (3, 6 3, 3' )5 *-' (3 2 1 2A &,(3 '( 3 ' 31-& '%
88 2
'(73 11

'% 2.6 3 3'1 B 9-(6. 3' . 3-8 2


'-& , =( * , (7& , ' '% 232&3 ,
231'&-2
'( 3 & -61 =('% & 73' & 2&,1 % 1 =( * & 7( = ,*) /0
5 '% & *)
31-&(3 3 (3, 6 3, 3' 7&(8(2'( 3 8 '% & 9-(& . 3'1 ,-&(3 6& 2
-& . 3' 3,

-5-
. 3-8 2
'-&(3 ' 1 1 &71 1 3 (3, 6 3, 3' -,(' 8 ,-&(3 6& 2
-& . 3' 3,
. 3-8 2
'-&(3

>(& 2
' & / 2
%3(2 0 3, & <2
' >(& 2
' & % 7 '% & 16 31(*((')8 & (.6 . 3'(3 '%
- (') 11-& 32 6& & .. 8 & '% , 1( 3 (36-'15 6& 2
-& . 3'5 . 3-8 2
'-& 3,
1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 8 '% -2 & =& 3'1 -3, & $! %(1
& 16 31(*((')(1 , ' ,' % ,1 8 (3 8-32
'( 3 & -61 8 7&( -1 ,(12
(6(3 15 3,
! ,1 8 - (') 11-& 32 & -61 % 7 '% & 16 31(*((')8 & 8 &.- '(3 5 & 7( =(3 5
. 3(' &(3 5 7&(8)(3 3, 11 11(3 88 2
'(73 11 8 '% - (') 11-& 32 6& & ..
! ,1 8 '% - (') 11-& 32 & -61 % 7 1 * 3 , ' , '% -'% &(') 8 &
1-16 31( 3 8 = &+ (3 '% 73' 8 1( 3(8(23' , 7( '( 31 (3 9- (') & ' , 2
'(7('( 1
=% 3 3 '(2,5 '( '% ) & & 1 7,

> / ! 0 C >

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>

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-8-
1.1.1. SCOPE

- (') 11-& 32 ,-&(3 231'&-2


'( 3 231'('-' 1 +) . 3' (3 '% 7& - (')
3 . 3' )1' . / 0 %(1 6& & .. % 1 * 3 ,7 6,' . ' '%
& 9-(& . 3'1 8 ,2
-. 3' 8 $! 5 $ , 8 & 2
'(2 3 8 & 8 ')(3
-2 & =& 3'1 $ , B BC
-3 5 #"" & 7(1( 31 8 $ 8 ')
-(, $A A A 5 ,-&(3 & 2
-& . 3'5 3-8 2
'-&(3 3, (' 31'&-2
'( 3 8
-2 & =& 3'1 % 7 * 3 ,,& 11 , % . (3 *<2
'(7 8 '%(1 6& & .. (1
' 31-& '% ' '% 2
'(7('( 1 & 2&&( , -' (3 1)1' . '(2 3,6 33 ,. 33 & 3,
'% ' '% 9- (') 8 = &+(1 2
2&,(3 ' 66& 7,16 2
(8(2'( 315 ,& =(3 15 2, 1 3,
1' 3, &,1 > 2
-. 3' , 6& & .. 1% * 1' *(1% , 8 & '% 2
'(7('( 1 8
$! 5 1-2
% 1 , 1( 35 6& 2
-& . 3'5 . 3-8 2
'-& 5 & 2(7(3 5 1' &(3 3,
6& 1 &7'( 3 8 '% 2.6 3 3'15 2
(7( 231'&-2
'( 35 2 3(3 5 & 2
'( 35 (31' '( 35 $
/ 2
% 3(2 3 8 ') & ' ,0 2.6 3 3'15 (6(3 5 2
% 3(2 5 2
'&(2 5
31'&-. 3' '( 3 D 3'& 1)1' . = &+1 3, (316 2
'( 3 D ' 1'(3 8 2.6 3 3'1 3,
1)1' .1 & 7(1( 31 1% * . , 8 & 6 &8 &. 32 7&(8(2'( 35 & 7( = 3, -,(' 8
2
'(7('( 1 88 2
'(3 9- (') 2
%3(2 & 9-(& . 3'1 3, '% & 16 2
( ,.(3(1'& '(7
23'& 1 88 2
'(3 9- (')1% * 1-(' *)1' ' ,(3 & 73' = &+6& 2,-& 1 3,'% (&
(.6 . 3' '( 3 1% * 31-& ,
%(1 . 3- (1 (3' 3, ,' 6& 7(, ,(12
(6(3 , 66& 2
% ' 2
'(7('( 1 88 2
'(3
9- (')5 (32-,(3 7&(8(2'( 35 '% ' 2
% ' 1+ % 1 * 3 1 '(18 2
' &( ) 6 &8 &. , 3,
3 211 &)2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 31 % 7 * 3 (.6 . 3' , ' (1 1 (3' 3, ,' 6& 7(,
,2
-. 3' &) 7(, 32 ' , . 31'& ' '% ' '% 16 2
(8( ,9- (')% 1 * 3 2
%( 7,

1.1.2. APPLICABILITY

%(1 . 3- 1% * 66(2* 8 & '% 231'&-2


'( 3 8 1 8 ') 3,1 8 ')& ' , 3,
'% & 1'&-2
'-& 1 3,1)1' .1 3,'% 9- (')& ' , . 3'1 (, 3'(8( , 3,23'& ,
'%& - % -' '% 1' 1 8 231'&-2
'( 3 8 '% 6 3'5 27&(3 '% 8 =(3 6% 1 1F

0 > 1( 3 1 6 &8 &. ,*);( , 3 (3 &(3 /


; 0 & -6
*0 & 2
-& . 3'
2
0 2(7(3 5 1' & 3,% 3,(3
-9-
,0; *&(2'( 35 2 3(3 5 & 2
'( 35 (31' '( 3 3,' 1'(3
0 & A2..(11( 3(3 3,
80 ..(11( 3(3
- (') 11-& 32 8 & , 1( 3 (1 3 ' 27& ,(3 '%(1 . 3- % & 16 31(*((')8 & '%
, 1( 3 8 ;$ & 1'1 =('% 2
' & 3 (3 &(3 & -6/ 0
5 3,'% ,& =(3 1
3,16 2
(8(2'( 3 8 & '% . (3 6 3' (' .1 1% * 6& 6 & ,5 2
% 2
+, 3, 66& 7,
*) 2
' & 3 (3 &(3 & -6 & '% (& -'% &(4 , 231-' 3'1 3, 1% * . ,
7( * ' '% ;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -6 8 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 5 $! 8 &
231'&-2
'( 3 ; & , ' ( 1 8 (3 , 1( 3 8 & ;$ 5 6 1 & 8 & G - (') 3 . 3'
)1' . 3- / 3- 0
H> 2
-. 3' ;$ B B B ? 7 ? 2
' *&
8' & '% ,& =(3 1 3,16 2
(8(2'( 31 & & 2(7, ' ;$ 1(' 5 ; & -61% *
& 16 31(* 8 & '% 3 211 &)2
% 3 1 B . ,(8(2'( 31 (3 , 1( 3 3, , 1( 3 & ' ,
(11- 1 1-2
% 1 ,(16 1('( 3 B 66& 7 8 > B 3, 5 (3 231-' '( 3 =('% 5

'% & -61 (37 7,(3 '% 231'&-2


'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 1% 31-& '% ' '% 2
'(7('( 1
, 6 ), 3 3)(' . & 1 &7(2 , 6 3, -6 3 '% 8 2
' &1 1-2
% 1 1 8 ')
2 11(8(2'( 35 2.6 I(')5 , & 8 1' 3, &,(4 '( 35 9- (') %(1' &)5 2
211(*((')8 &
. (3' 3 325 (316 2
'( 3 3,& 6 2 *((') 8 '% (' . & 1 &7(2

- 10 -
1.2.1. DEFINITIONS

2
26' * (.('1

(.('1 2
26' * ' $8 & 2
2(, 3' 3,('( 31

2
2(, 3' 23,('( 31

-*1' 3'( , 7( '( 31 8& . 6 & '( 3 ' ' 1 =%(2


% & I6 2
' ,' * (38& 9- 3'5 3,
=%(2
% 2-, ,' & 1 8 -3 2
26' * 9- 3'('( 1 8 & ,( 2
'(7 . ' &( 1 (8 '%
& 73' 3 (3 & ,1 8 ')8 '-& 1 ,(,3 ' 8-32
'( 3 1 6 & , 1( 3 (3' 3'

66(23'

% & 3(4 '( 3 '% ' 66( 1 8 & 8 &. -'% &(4 '( 3 ' 6 &8 &. 16 2
(8( , 2
'(7('( 1
& ' ,' '% ('(3 5 31'&-2
'( 35 ..(11( 3(3 5 6 & '( 3 3,> 2..(11( 3(3 8

66& 7

; &. 231 3' ' 6& 6 1

' .(2 3 & ) - ' &)$ &,/ $0

'( 3 -'% &('), 1( 3 ' ,*) 7&3. 3' 8 3,( 5 11(1' ,*)' 2
%3(2 3, '% &
,7(1 &)* ,( 15 3,% 7
(3 '% -'% &(')8 & 23,-2
'(3 '% -'% &(4 '( 3 6& 2115
8 & (11-(3 -'% &(4 '( 3 3, '% & *) 8 & & - '(3 -2 & =& 3' 1('(3 5
231'&-2
'( 35 2..(11( 3(3 5 6 & '( 3 3,, 2..(11( 3(3 & 16 2
(8(2 16 2
'1 '% & 8

-,('

,2
-. 3' , 2
'(7(') 6 &8 &. , ' , ' &.(3 *) (371'( '( 35 I.(3 '( 3 3,
7 - '( 3 8 *<2
'(7 7(, 32 '% , 9- 2
) 85 3, ,% & 32 ' 5 1' *(1% ,
6& 2,-& 15 (31'&-2
'( 315 16 2
(8(2'( 35 2, 15 1' 3, &,15 ,.(3(1'& '(7 & 6 & '( 3
6& & .. 3, '% & 66(2* , 2
-. 3'15 3,'% 88 2
'(73 11 8 (.6 . 3' '( 3

-'% &(4 '( 3

% & 3'(3 8 =&('' 3 6 &.(11( 3 *) $ ' 6 &8 &. 16 2


(8( , 2
'(7('( 1

..(11( 3(3

% 6& 211 ,-&(3 =%(2


% 6 3' 2.6 3 3'1 3,1)1' .15 % 7(3 * 3 231'&-2
' ,5 &
. , 6 & '( 3 3,7&(8( ,' * (3 2
2&, 32 =('% , 1( 3 11-.6'( 31 3,' % 7
. ' '% 6 &8 &. 32 2
&(' &( J(' (32-, 1 * '% 3 3A3-2 & 3,3-2 & ' 1'1
- 11 -
.6 ' 3' -'% &(')

3 '( 3 & 1' ' -'% &('), 1( 3 ' , & '% &=(1 & 2 3(4 , 1 1-2
% 8 & 16 2
(8(2
6-&6 1

31'&-2
'( 3

% 6& 211 8 6& 2


-& . 3'5 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 3, 11 .*(3 '% 2.6 3 3'1 8 ;$ 5
'% & 2
'( 3 8 2
(7( = &+
1 3,1'&-2
'-& 15 '% (31' '( 3 8 2.6 3 3'1 3, 9-(6. 3'5
3,'% 6 &8 &. 32 8 11 2
( ' ,' 1'1

> 2..(11( 3(3

% 6& 211 *)=%(2


% (1 8(3 )' +3 -' 8 6 & '( 35 =%(2
% (32-, 1 2.6 '( 3
8 , A8- (3 8 '% 2& 3, 11 2
( ' ,2
'(7('( 1

> 1( 3 36-'

% 1 2
&(' &( 5 6 & . ' &15 * 1 1 & '% & & 9-(& . 3'1 -6 3 =%(2
% , ' ( ,8(3 , 1( 3
(1 * 1 ,

> 1( 3 3' &8 21

% * -3, &) * '= 3 '% , 1( 3A& ' , & 16 31(*(('( 1 3, 2


'(7('( 1 8 3
& 3(4 '( 35 & -6 & (3,(7(,- ' (32-, 1 * '% '% I' &3 , 1( 3 (3' &8 25 =%(2
% (1
'% * -3, &)* '= 3 ,(88 & 3' & 3(4 '( 31J 3,'% (3' &3 , 1( 3 (3' &8 25 =%(2
%
(1 '% * -3, &)* '= 3 , 1( 3 -3('1 8 '% 1 . & 3(4 '( 3

> 1( 3 -'6-'

> 2
-. 3'15 1-2
% 1 ,& =(3 1 3, 16 2
(8(2'( 35 '% ' , 8(3 ' 2
%3(2 & 9-(& . 3'1
3 211 &) 8 & . 3-8 2
'-& 5 (31' '( 3 3, 6 & '( 3 8 1'&-2
'-& 15 1)1' .1 3,
2.6 3 3'1

>(16 1('( 3

3 2
'( 3 ' , ' &.(3 % = , 6 &'-& 8& . 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1 (1 ' * % 3, , &
1 '' ,

> 2
-. 3' '( 3

2&, , & 6(2


' &( (38 &. '( 3 , 12
&(*(3 5 , 8(3(3 5 16 2
(8)(3 5 & 6 &'(3 & 2&'(8)(3
2
'(7('( 15 & 9-(& . 3'15 6& 2,-& 1 & & 1-'1

- 12 -
. & 32
)1('- '( 3

1('- '( 35 =%(2


% 3, 3 &1 & '%& ' 31 ' 3, 3 & 1 8 ') 8 '% 1(' 6 &1 33 5 '%
& '% 37(& 3. 3' 3,'% 6-*(2

I.(3 '( 3

3 . 3' 8 (316 2
'( 3 231(1'(3 8 (371'( '( 3 8 . ' &( 15 2.6 3 3'15 1-66( 1
& 1 &7(215 ' , ' &.(3 238 &. 32 =('% '% 1 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1 =%(2
% 23 *
, ' &.(3 ,*)1-2
% (371'( '( 3

316 2
'( 3

- (') 3'& 2
'( 31 =%(2
% *). 31 8 I .(3 '( 35 *1 &7'( 3 & . 1-& . 3'
, ' &.(3 '% 238 &. 32 8 . ' &( 15 6 &'15 2.6 3 3'15 1)1' .15 1'&-2
'-& 1 1 =
1 6& 211 1 3,6& 2,-& 15 =('% 6& , ' &.(3 ,9- (')& 9-(& . 3'1

' .

3 & ' &. 27&(3 1'&-2


'-& 15 1)1' .15 2.6 3 3'15 6 &'1 & . ' &( 1

' .1 .6 &' 3' ' 1 8 ')

% (' .1 =%(2
% 2.6&(1 F
• % 1 1'&-2
'-& 15 1)
1' .1 3, 2.6 3 3'1 =% 1 . 8-32
'( 3 & 8 ( -&
2-, ,' -3,- & ,( '( 3 I6 1-& 8 '% 1(' 6 &1 33 & . .* &1 8
'% 6-*(2
• % 1 1'&-2
'-& 15 1)1' .1 3, 2.6 3 3'1 =%(2
% 6& 73' 3'(2
(6 ' ,
6 & '( 3 2
2-&& 321 8& . ,(3 ' 2
2(, 3' 3,('( 31
• % 1 8 '-& 1 =%(2
% & 6& 7(, , ' .('( ' '% 231 9- 321 8
. 8-32
'( 3 & 8 ( -& 8 1'&-2
'-& 15 1)1' .1 & 2.6 3 3'1

3A 38 &. 32

, 8(2
( 32
)(3 2
% & 2
' &(1'(2
15 , 2
-. 3' '( 3 & 6& 2,-& =%(2
% & 3, &1 '% 9- (') 8
3 (' . -3 2
26' * & (3, ' &.(3 '

-2 & =& 3'


3 -'& 3 & 2
' & & & 2
' &1 ' '% & =('% 1'&-2
'-& 15 1)1' .1 3, 2.6 3 3'1
3 211 &)8 & 1 8 ') 3,8 & '% 6& ,-2
'( 3 8 6 = &5 ( 5 2
'&(2
(')

- 13 -
*<2
'(7 7(, 32

- (' '(7 & 9- 3'(' '(7 (38 &. '( 35 & 2&, & 1' ' . 3' 8 8 2
'5 6 &' (3(3 ' '%
9- (') 8 3 (' . & 1 &7(25 =%(2
% (1 * 1 , 3 *1 &7'( 35 . 1-& . 3' & ' 1' 3,
=%(2
% 23 * 7&(8( ,

6 & '( 3
2
'(7('( 1 6 &8 &. ,' 2
%( 75 (3 1 8 . 33 &5 '% 6-&6 1 8 & =%(2
% '% 6 3'
= 1 231'&-2
' ,5 (32-,(3 . (3' 3 325 & 8- (3 5 (3A1 &7(2 (316 2
'( 3 3, '% &
11 2
( ' ,2
'(7('( 1

& 12
&(* , (.('1

(.('1 1' *(1% , & 2


26' ,*) $ 8 & 6 & '( 3 1' ' 1

- (8( , &1 3

6 &1 3 =% 5 % 7(3 2.6( ,=('% 16 2


(8(2& 9-(& . 3'1 3,. ' 2&' (3 23,('( 315
% 1 * 3 88(2
( ), 1( 3 ' ,' ,(12
% & 16 2
(8( ,,-'( 1 3,& 16 31(*(('( 1

- (')
% ' ' (') 8 8 '-& 1 3,2
% & 2
' &(1'(2
1 8 6& ,-2
' & 1 &7(2 '% ' * &1 ('1 *((')'
1 '(18) , 8(3 ,& 9-(& . 3'

- (') 11-& 32

33 , 3,1)1' . '(2 2
'( 31 3 211 &)' 6& 7(, , 9- ' 238(, 32 '% ' 3 (' .
&8 2
( (')=( 6 &8 &. 1 '(18 2
' &( )(3 1 &7(2

- (') 3'&

- (') 11-& 32 2
'( 31 =%(2
% 6& 7(, . 31 ' 23'& 3, . 1-& '%
2
% & 2
' &(1'(2
1 8 3 (' .5 6& 211 & 8 2
( (')(3 2
2&, 32 =( 1' *(1% ,& 9-(& . 3'1

2&,1

> 2
-. 3'15 =%(2
% 8-&3(1% *<2
'(7 7(, 32 8 9- (') 8 (' .1 3, 2
'(7('( 1 88 2
'(3
9- (')

( *((')

% 6& * *((') '% ' , 7(25 1)1' . & 8 2


( (') =( 6 &8 &. ('1 (3' 3, , 8-32
'( 3
1 '(18 2
' &( )8 & 16 2
(8( ,'(. -3, & 1' ' , 6 & '(3 23,('( 31

- 14 -
6 (&

% 6& 211 8 & 1' &(3 3 3A238 &.(3 (' . ' 23,('( 3 1-2
% '% ' '% 26 *((') 8
'%(1 (' . ' 8-32
'( 3 & ( *) 3,1 8 )(1 -3(.6 (& ,5 73 '% - % '%(1 (' . 1'( . )
3 ' 238 &. ' '% 6&( & 16 2
(8(2'( 3
16 31(* & 3(1 '( 3 / 0
% & 3(1 '( 3 % 7(3 7& & 16 31(*((') 8 & 1('(3 5 , 1( 35 231'&-2
'( 35
2..(11( 3(3 5 6 & '( 3 3,, 2..(11( 3(3 '%

= &+

% 6& 211 *)=%(2


% 3 3A238 &. 32 (' . (1 . , ' 238 &. ' 6&( & 16 2
(8( ,
& 9-(& . 3' *)& A. 2
%(3(3 5 & A 11 .*(3 & '% & 2&& 2
'(7 . 31

8 ')

& ' 2
'( 3 8 6 &1 31 8& . -3,- & ,( (2 % 4 &,

8 ') (.('1

(.('1 -6 3 6& 211 7&( * 1 =('%(3 =%(2


% '% 6 & '( 3 8 '% ;$ % 1 * 3 1% =3 '
*1 8

8 ') 6 &'

,2
-. 3' 6& 7(, ,*)'% 16 31(* & 3(1 '( 3 ' $ 23' (3(3 (38 &. '( 3
232&3(3 '% ;$ 5 ('1 , 1( 35 2
2(, 3' 3 )1(1 3,6& 7(1( 31 ' .(3(.(4 '% &(1+'
'% 6-*(2 3,' '% 1(' 6 &1 33

8 ') )1' .1

)1' .1 (.6 &' 3' ' 1 8 ')5 6& 7(, ,' 11-& 5 (3 3)23,('( 35 '% 1 8 1%-', =3 8
'% & 2
' & 3, '% , 2) % ' & . 7 8& . '% 2& 5 3, B & ' (.(' '%
231 9- 321 8 3'(2
(6 ' , 6 & '( 3 2
2-&& 321 3, 2
2(, 3' 3,('( 31

&7(21

% 6 &8 &. 32 *) 1-66( & 8 2


'(7('( 1 1-2
% 1 , 1( 35 8 *&(2'( 35 (316 2
'( 35 3 3A
, 1'&-2
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(3 ; ( -&
& 3, . 8 ( -& =%(2
% & 1-'1 (3 '% 11 8 26 *((') 8 2.6 3 3' ' 6 &8 &. ('1
(3' 3, , 1 8 ') 8-32
'( 3 31 9- 3'( 8 ( -& 1 & 1-'(3 8& . 1(3 & 3, .
2
2-&& 32 & 231(, & ,' * 6 &' 8 '% (3 ; ( -&
- 15 -
('

% & 23' (3(3 '% 5 , 8(3 ,*) * -3, &) 3,-3, & 88 2
'(7 23'& 8 '%
3' 3 . 3'

(' &1 33

6 &1 31 = &+(3 3 '% 1(' 5 ('% & 6 &. 3 3' ) & ' .6 & &( )

62
(8(2'( 3

=&('' 3 1' ' . 3' 8 & 9-(& . 3'1 ' * 1 '(18( ,*) 6& ,-2
'5 1 &7(25 . ' &( &
6& 2115 (3,(2'(3 '% 6& 2,-& *). 31 8 =%(2
% (' . )* , ' &.(3 ,=% '% &
'% 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1 & 1 '(18( ,

-66( & 7 - '( 3

3 66& (1 ' , ' &.(3 =% '% & & 3 ' . 3 . 3' 1)1' . 8 1-66( & (1 26 *
8 6& ,-2
(3 6& ,-2
' & 1 &7(2 8 1' ' , 9- (')
5 3, 3 & '(3 7(, 32 '% '
1-66 &'1 , 2
(1( 31 3 2
26' *((')

-&7( 32

% 2
' 8 . 3(' &(3 & *1 &7(3 ' 7&(8)=% '% & 3 (' . & 2
'(7(')238 &.1 '
16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1

2
%3(2 62
(8(2'( 3 8 & 6 & '( 3

,2
-. 3' 1-*.('' , 3 * % 8 8 & *)'% 16 31(* & 3(1 '( 3 & -627&(3
6 & '( 3 (.('1 3, 3,('( 315 1-&7( 32 3, ,.(3(1'& '(7 23'& & 9-(& . 3'1
8 & 6 & '( 3 8 '% 3, 66& 7,*) $

&(8(2'( 3

% 2
' 8 & 7( =(3 5 (316 2
'(3 5 ' 1'(3 5 2
% 2
+(3 5 -,('(3 5 & '% &=(1 , ' &.(3(3
3,, 2
-. 3'(3 =% '% & (' .15 6& 211 15 1 &7
(21 & , 2
-. 3'1 238 &. ' 16 2
(8( ,
& 9-(& . 3'1

- 16 -
1.2.2. ABBREVIATIONS

-'% &(4 , 32
)
,,('( 3 %( 8 3 (3 &
' .(2 3 & ) ..(11( 3
$ ' .(2 3 & ) - ' &)$ &,
. &(23 2
( ') 8 2
% 3(2 3 (3 &1
. &(23 2
( ') 8 & 3 > 1'&-2
'(7 1'(3
. &(23 2
( ')8 & 1'(3 8 ' &( 1
$! $% & '() *%(+() (,)
-' ( . (.(' ,
$ $-& - 8 3,( 3 ' 3, &,1
$ $ 32 8 3'
$ 3'& $-(,(3
31'&-2
'( 3 .6 '( 3 &'(8(2'
: 3, 31 & (3 : ' &
%( 8 3 (3 &
> % (&. 3 2
-. 3 (3 >(& 2
' &
D 3'& 2
'1 3, ' &( 1 3 . 3'
> /0 >(& 2
' &/
231'&-2
'( 30
> > 1( 3 6 &'
> > 1( 3 % 3 '(2
> $ >( 1 3 & ' & $-(,(3
> /0 >(& 2
' &/ 2
%3(2 0
$ 2
'&(2 $-(,(3
3 (3 &(3 % 3 '(2
3 (3 &(3 % 3 9- 1'
.* ,, , &'1
;D ;(3 32 D 2
2-3'1
;$ ;- $-(,(3
; ;( , % 3 '(2
; ;( , 3 (3 &(3
; ; = % '
3 & 11 .*)
3' &3 '( 3 ' .(2 3 & ) 32
)

- 17 -
3,(& 3,%( 3'& 8 & ' .(2 1 &2
%
3A &7(2 316 2
'( 3
3,( 3 2
( ')8 & 3A, 1'&-2
'(7 1'(3
' & 3'& 3' &
3 . 3' 38 &. '( 3 )1' .
' 66(2*
> 3 > 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 3
3A 38 &. 32 6 &'
-2 & =& &6 & '( 3 8 3,( ',
-2 & ' . -66) )1' .
> & <2
' >(& 2
' &
& <2
' 3 (3 &
;$ & ' ')6 ; 1' $& ,& 2
' &
& A &7(2 316 2
'( 3
- (') 11-& 32
/0 - (') 11-& 32 / 31'&-2
'( 30
/0 - (') 11-& 32 /& 2
-& . 3'0
- (') 11-& 32 3
- (') 3'&
- (') 3 . 3' )1' .
- (') -&7( 32
2
' & 3 (3 &(3 & -6
$ 2
' & 3' (3. 3' $-(,(3
16 31(* & 3(1 '( 3
(' 11 .*) % 6
$ &7(2 $-(,(3
$ ' . 3 & ' & $-(,(3
> )1' . & 318 & > 2
-. 3'
$ -&*(3 $-(,(3

- 18 -
1.3.1. PROGRAMME RESPONSIBILITY

$! * (3 '% 5 (1 & 16 31(* 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 3,(.6 . 3' '( 3 8 '% 7&
& & .. % & 16 31(*((')8 & '% & & .. (3 '% & 8 > 1( 3 (1 =('%
5 5> =%(2
% (1 '% &(32
(6 > 1( 3 & 3(4 '( 3

% 23'& 2
' &1 % 7 '% & 16 31(*((') 8 1' *(1%(3 3, (.6 . 3' '( 3 8
& & .. 8 & '% = &+1 = &, , ' '% . (3 ' &.1 8 '% & 16 2
'(7 23'& 2
'
& 9-(& . 3'1 % & & .. 8 23'& 2
' &1 =( * (3 (3 =('% '% & 9-(& . 3'1 8
& & .. 8 $! 3,'% 1 =( * & 7( = ,8 & , 9- 2
) 3, 2
26' ,*)
$! ! = 7&5 $! & ' (31 '% 7& & 16 31(*((') 8 & '% 1
& & .. 1

STATEMENT

% - (') (2
) 8 $! 8 &.1 6 &' 8 '%(1 3-

1.3.3. ORGANISATION

$! (1 7&3 , *) $ &, 8 >(& 2


' &1 % % (&. 3 3, 3 (3 >(& 2
' &
/ >0(1 & 16 31(* 8 & ' 2
%3(2 5 8(3 32
( 3, ,.(3(1'& '(7 . '' &1 > (1
11(1' ,*) 2
%3(2 5 & <2
' 3,;(3 32 >(& 2
' &1 ,(& 2
' )& 6 &'(3 ' % (&. 3 3,
3 (3 >(& 2
' &

& 1 3' )5 $! (1 231'&-2


'(3 1(3 6& <2
' 3 . )5 ;$ 3,'% & 3(4 '( 3 '
6& 1 3' % 1 '% & 16 31(*(('( 1 8 & & 2
-& . 3'5 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 31'&-2
'( 35
..(11( 3(3 3, 6 & '( 3 8 ;$ % & & '= >(& 2
' & ' 1 3 . )5
31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & ' 3, 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' (1 & 16 31(*
8 & 6& 2
-& . 3' 8 2.6 3 3'1 3, 9-(6. 3' (3 ,,('( 3 ' ;( , 3 (3 &(3 5 =%(2
%
(32-, 1 2 &,(3 '( 3 =('% 5 '% &(32
(6 > 1( 3 & 3(1 '( 3 % 6& <2
'
231'&-2
'( 3 B 2..(11( 3(3 2
'(7('( 1 2. -3, & '% 6-&7( = 8 31'&-2
'( 3
>(& 2
' & ' $ '% '% 1 >(& 2
' & ' 1 & & 16 31(* 8 & 8-32
'( 31 (3 '% (& & 16 2
'(7
& 1 % ! ,1 8 & 6 &' ' '% (& & 16 2
'(7 >(& 2
' &1 % '= >(& 2
' &1 =('% '%

- 19 -
11(1' 32 8 ! ,1 8 & & 16 31(* 8 & 7 7(3 6 (2
( 15 1 3, *<2
'(71
8 & $! % 1 & (3 '-&3 66& 7,*) > $! % ! ,1 8 & 2
-& . 3'
& -6 3, (3 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' (3, 6 3, 3' )& 6 &' ' >(& 2
' &/ 2
%3(2 0 3
'% 21 8 31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & ' '% ! ,1 8 7&( -1 231'&-2
'( 3 & -61 3,
(3, 6 3, 3' )& 6 &' ' >(& 2
' & / 31'&-2
'( 30 % & -61 & ,.(3(1'& '(7 )
(3, 6 3, 3' 8 '% & -61 & 16 31(* 8 & I2
-'( 3 3,'% ) & .6 = & ,' 1' 6
'% = &+5 (3 21 8 7( '( 3 8 & 9-(& . 3'1

% '= >(& 2
' &1 & 8 3( & 7 3, & 1 >(& 2
' &1 8 '% $! $ &,
% ) & 231(, & , & 16 31(* 3 -% ' 31-& 88 2
'(7 (.6 . 3' '( 3 8
(2
( 1

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

& 1 3' &6 & ' & 3(4 '( 3 % &' (1 6& 1 3' ,(3 6 A

;-32
'( 31 3, 16 31(*(('( 1 8 >(& 2
' &1
0 >(& 2
' &/ 31'&-2
'( 30B & <2
' >(& 2
' &
16 31(* 8 & & <2
' 31'&-2
'( 3 3, ..(11( 3(3 1' 1 ,-&(3
31'&-2
'( 3 3, ..(11( 3(3 ! ,1 8 ,(88 & 3' 8-32
'( 3 & 1 (3
& <2
' >(& 2
' & ' & 6 &' ' %(.

*0 >(& 2
' &/ 2
%3(2 0
16 31(* 8 & . '' &1 3,(11- 1 & ' ,' ;( , 3 (3 &(3 5 & 2
-& . 3'5
3-8 2
'-&(3 5 ,-&(3 & 2
-& . 3'5 3-8 2
'-&(3 3, 11 .*)5 3,
*' (3(3 - ' &) 2 & 321 - ' &) 2 & 321 8 $! &
6& 211 , (3 231-' '( 3 =('% 5 ! ,1 8 ,(88 & 3' 8-32
'( 3
& 1 (3 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' & 6 &' ' %(.
2
0 >(& 2
' &/
;(3 320
16 31(* 8 & &6 & ' 8(3 32 8-32
'( 31 ! ,1 8 ,(88 & 3' 8-32
'( 3
& 1 (3 ;(3 32 ,(& 2
' & ' & 6 &' ' %(.

;-32
'( 31 3,& 16 31(*(('( 1 8 7&( -1 >(& 2
' & ' 1
%&'()
&*+ )
,%&-
.,*-
%
2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' (1 & 16 31(* 8 & 8 =(3 8-32
'( 31/
• ;( , 3 (3 &(3 11(1' 32 ,-&(3 231'&-2
'( 3 3, 2..(11( 3(3
1' 1 8 2
% 6& <2
'
- 20 -
• & 2
-& . 3' 8 . ' &( 1 B 9-(6. 3'
• 3 . 3' 8 (, 3'(8( , 6 2
+ 23'& 2
'1 8 & 6& 2
-& . 3' 8
9-(6. 3'
• ,-&(3 & 2
-& . 3'5 3-8 2
'-&(3 3, 11 .*) 2
'(7('( 15
(32-,(3 & & .. 1 8 1-66( &1
• 7& 2 &,(3 '( 3 =('% I' &3 > 1( 3 31-' 3'1

• & (3(3 8 6 &1 33 (3 2


%3(2 >(& 2
' & '

• A &,(3 '( 3 8 > 1( 3 B 3 (3 &(3 & ' ,, 7 6. 3' 2


'(7('( 1

• A &,(3 '( 3 =('% '% & >(& 2


' & ' 1

• A &,(3 '( 3 =('% 8 & , 1( 3 2


'(7('( 1

• 3' & 2
'( 3 =('% - ' &) -'% &(')8 & *' (3(3 2 & 321

• 3' &8 2
(3 =('% > 3, '% & (3(1'&( 1

• 7( = 8 2..(11( 3(3 6& 2,-& 1 3,2..(11( 3(3 ' 1' & 1-'1

.(0-
,1&-
).( )
,%&-
.,*-
%
31'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 8 ;$ 6& <2
' & . 3 ,*) 31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & ' =%(2
%
(1 % , ,*)>(& 2
' & / 31'&-2
'( 30B & <2
' >(& 2
' &

% 31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & ' (1 & 16 31(* 8 & 8 =(3 8-32
'( 31F

• .6 ' . 3 . 3' 8 231'&-2


'( 3 3,(31' '( 3 3,2..(11( 3(3
2
'(7('( 1 ' '% 6& <2
' 1('

• ,-&(3 31'&-2
'( 3 3, ..(11( 3(3 5 (32-,(3 & & .. 1 8
23'& 2
' &1 3,73, &1

• & 2
-& . 3' 8 8& (11- . ' &( 15 (8 3)5 =%(2
% & 3 ' (3 '% 126 8
2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 5 ' * (73 ' 1(' 23'& 2
' &1

• 3 . 3' 8 (, 3'(8( , 6 2
+ 23'& 2
'1 8& . '% 1' 8 ' 3, &
39-(&( 1 =%(2
% & ' * * 1 , 3 '% , 1( 3 16 2
(8(2'( 31 (11- , *)
2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & '

• 3' & 2
'( 31 =('% 2 ' ' -'% &('( 1 3 6& <2
' . '' &1

• 316 2
'( 3 8 6& 2
-& ,(' .1 3 & 2(6'

• ' &( . 3 . 3' 3,23'& ' (' 1

- 21 -
• 7( = 3, (11- 8 & A1 &7(2 3, 3A1 &7(2 316 2
'( 3 & & ..
> 2
-. 3'1 8 & ;$ <(3' ) *) 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 3, 31'&-2
'( 3
>(& 2
' & '

• & A1 &7(2 316 2


'( 3 8 (' .1 1 6 & & 9-(& . 3'1 8 & & ..
> 2
-. 3' 3,(11- & 6 &'1 (.6 . 3' 2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 31 3 , 8(2
( 32
( 1
(3 (' .1 & 7 ,*)

• &,(3 '( 3 =('% '% & >(& 2


' & ' 1

• - (8(2'( 3 3,'& (3(3 8 . 36 = & 8 & 7&( -1 231'&-2


'( 35 (31' '( 3
3,2..(11( 3(3 2
'(7('( 1
• 1' *(1%(3 D. (3' (3(3 > 2
-. 3' '( 3 3'&
• 3(' 7 ,.(3(1'& '( 35 ;D 5 D 3, 3,-1'&( 8 ')

1(&-
).(0 .2 ')
%2 (3)
(%%,
0 .2 1*+
)-4 001,
*(&%
%( 8 3 (3 &1 8 - (') 11-& 32 & & 16 31(* 8 & '= . <& 8-32
'( 31 7(4 - (')
11-& 32 3, - (') -&7( 32

- (') 11-& 32 8-32


'( 31 & (1' , * = &7(21 8 .(3 3' B 9- (8( ,
& 3(4 '( 31 B (3,(7(,- 1 =( * (, 3'(8( , 3, 3 (1' , 8 & 1 . 8 '% 1 8-32
'( 31
(1' ,* =F

• 11- 5 & 7(1( 3 3, 23'& 8 &6 & ' - (') 3 . 3' )1' .
> 2
-. 3'

• 7( = 8 ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 31

• 7( = 8 - (') 11-& 32 )1' . 3- 1 ' * (11- ,*)>(& 2


' &1 =('%(3
$!

• 7( = 3, 2
26' 32 8 - (') )1' . 3- 1 8 3, &1 3, -*A
73, &1 1 66(2*

• 7( = 8 ' 1' B (316 2


'( 3 & 6 &'1 3, 3 )1(1 8 '% ' 1' & 1-'1

• 7( = 8 1

• & 7(, 11(1' 32 B -(, 32 B ,7(2 ' 7&( -1 & -61 (3 $! 8 &
(.6 . 3' '( 3 8 $! - (') 3 . 3' )1' . (3 3 & 3,8 &
16 2
(8(223'& 2
'1 (3 6 &'(2
-&

- 22 -
• 3(' &(3 3, & 7( = 8 88 2
'(73 11 8 (.6 . 3' '( 3 8 - (')
3 . 3' )1' . =('%(3 $! 3, ' 3, &1 3, -*A73, &1
6 21 + 2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 315 =% & 7& 3 211 &)

• -,(' (3 9- (')& ' ,2


'(7('( 1 8 $! 5 ('1 3, &1 3, -*A73, &1

• 7( = 3, (11- 8 & A1 &7(2 3, 3A1 &7(2 316 2


'( 3 & & ..
> 2
-. 3'1 8 & ;$

• 11(1' 32 3, ,7(2 ' & -61 (3 231'&-2


'( 3 1(' 1 (3 6 &8 &.(3 & A
1 &7(2 3, 3A1 &7(2 316 2
'( 3

• 3 )1(1 8 & A1 &7(2 3, 3A1 &7(2 316 2


'( 3 & 1-'1 > 8 2
' & ='%
3 )1(1 3,& .3 3' (8 3 )1(1

• & . '( 3 8 9- (') = & 3 11 '%& - % '& (3(3 6& & .. 1 '2

• & . '( 3 8 9- (')& ' ,9- (8(2'( 31 8 $! 6 &1 33 5 16 31 &1%(6


' 7&( -1 2-&1 1 3, 11 2
( ' , I.(3 '( 31

• 3' & 2
'( 31 =('% $ 3 9- (')& ' ,(11- 1

• 3' & 2
'( 3 =('% 8 B '% & & -61 (3 $! 3 73, &
6 &8 &. 32 7 - '( 3 (32-,(3 && 3 (3 B 2&&)(3 -' 6& A23'& 2
' = &,
73, & 7 - '( 3 / 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 0

• & 2
-& . 3' 8 1 &7(21

• 1' *(1%(3 3, . (3' (3(3 > 2


-. 3' '( 3 3'& / 31'&-2
'( 3
>(& 2
' & ' 0

• 7( = 3,(.6 . 3' '( 3 8 '% 6& 211 8 23'(3- (.6& 7. 3'

- (') -&7( 32 8-32


'( 31 & F

• - (') -&7( 32 8 . ' &( 1B 9-(6. 3'B(' .1 1 6 & 6-&2


% 1
&, &B23'& 2
' 3, 66& 7,,& =(3 1 B' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 31

• :('3 11B7&(8(2'( 3 8 7&( -1 & -'(3 3,16 2


( 9- (8(2'( 31 1-2
% 1
= , &15 > 6 &1 33 5 6 & ' &1 3, . 2
%(3 1 (3 & 16 2
' 8
. 3-8 2
'-& 5 231'&-2
'( 35 2..(11( 3(3 5 I.(3 '( 3 3, ' 1'(3
& ' ,2
'(7('( 1

- 23 -
• 11- 8 6 &( ,(2 1 = 1 8(3 & 6 &'1 (7(3 (.6 &' 3' & 2&, *
(38 &. '( 3 ' 1 &7 1 (316 2
'( 3 %(1' &) 8 & '% 9-(6. 3'B. ' &(
& A, 16 '2
% 9- (') 1-&7( 325 62
+ (3 5 ,(3 B-3 ,(3
=('3 11(3

• &(8(2'( 3 8 2 (*& '( 3 1' '-1 8 7&( -1 . 1-&(3 B ' 1'(3 B I.(3(3
(31'&-. 3'1B. 2
%(3 1 -1 ,8 & I.(3 '( 3B(316 2
'( 3

• 11- 8 %(66(3 1

• & 2
-& . 3' 8 1 &7(21

)
,%&-
.,*-
%.2 .(-
,*&-
0 *(5 *-
%,)
*+0 *(*3%6%(-7 8

%(1 >(& 2
' & ' 5 8-32
'( 3(3 -3, & 5 =( 6& 7(, '% (& 1 &7(21 ' $! %(1
>(& 2
' & ' (1 & 16 31(* 8 & 23'& 2
'1 3,. ' &( 1 . 3 . 3' 8 6& 2
-& ,(' .1
8& . '% 1' 8 ' 3, & ' '% 1' 8 ('1 , (7&) 2
%3(2 3, ,.(3(1'& '(7
,(& 2
'( 3 (1 6& 7(, ,*) & <2
' >(& 2
' & B >(& 2
' &/ 2
%3(2 0 1 66(2* & -6
' 1(' ,.(3(1'& '(7 )& 6 &' ' >

% >(& 2
' & ' 8 3'& 2
'1 3, ' &( 1 3 . 3' (1 & 16 31(* 8 & 8 =(3
8-32
'( 31F

• ; &.- '( 3 8 -&2


% 1 (2
) 3, (.6 . 3' '( 3 8 -&2
% 1
& 2,-& 1

• -&2
% 1(3 . ' &( 1B 9-(6. 3' 1 6 & '% 3 (3 &(3 3, ' 3, &
,2
-. 3'1 6& 6 & ,*)& 9-(1('( 3(3 B(3, 3'(3 >(& 2
' & '

• 3, & 7 - '( 3 8 & & (1'& '( 3 =('% '% ' 2


%3(2 11(1' 32 8 - (')
11-& 32 3, '% & & -61 (3 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 1 & 9-(& ,

• ;(3 (4 '( 3 3,. 3 . 3' 8 2.. &2


( 16 2
'1 & ' ,' -&2
% 1
3'& 2
'1

• && 3 (3 1 8 % 3,(3 3,'& 316 &' '( 3 8 9-(6. 3'B& = . ' &( 1

• &(3 '%& - % 2
-1' .1 3,, 2
+1 8 & (.6 &' ,. ' &( 1B 9-(6. 3'

- 24 -
• 3 . 3' 8 1' & 1 (32-,(3 & 2(6'5 1 8 1' &(3 3,6& 1 &7'( 3 8
. ' &( B 9-(6. 3' B (' .5 11- 3, (37 3' &) 23'& 5 . ' &(
2
2-3'(3

;$ 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 & ,(7(, ,(3' 1 7& & -615 7(4 5 (7
(5 5 (6(3 5
$ / 2
% 3(2 3A1 8 ')0
5 2
'&(2 5 3'& D 31'&-. 3' '( 35 33(3 5 3'& 2
'1
3, ' &( 1 3 . 3'5 & 2
-& . 3'5 - (') 11-& 325 ;( , 3 (3 &(3 5
3,-1'&( 8 ') 3, ..(11( 3(3 2
% & -6 (1 % , , *) %( 8 3 (3 & B
,,('( 3 %( 8 3 (3 & B & <2
' 3 (3 &

& ' , 8-32


'( 31 1% * , ' ,' '% ! ,1 8 31'&-2
'( 3 & -6 3,
& 2
-& . 3' & -6 =%(2
% & & 16 31(* 8 & 7& 88 2
'(73 11 8 '%
6& & .. (32-,(3 6& 2
-& . 3'5 . 3-8 2
'-& 5 1(' 11 .*)
5 1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 3,
2..(11( 3(3 '% & -6 % ,1 (32-,(3 3, ; 1% % 7 '% 1-66 &' 8
9- (8( , 3, I6 &( 32,6 &1 33 (3 6 &8 &.(3 11( 3 ,' 1+1 (3 238 &. 32 =('%
'% 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1

= ')6 1 8 (3' &8 21 1% * 23'& ,,-&(3 231'&-2


'( 3 1' 5 7(4 (3' &3 3,
I' &3
% (3' &3 (3' &8 2 (1F
• $ '= 3 2
%3(2 ,(& 2
' & ' 3, 31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & '
• $ '= 3 ,(88 & 3' & -61 8 7&( -1 >(& 2
' & ' 1

% I' &3 (3' &8 21 & F


• $ '= 3 & -61 ' $! 3, 5 5 !:$ 3, '% & >
3('1
• $ '= 3 & -61 ' $! 3, - ' &) -'% &('( 1
• $ '= 3 & -61 ' $! 3,23'& 2
' &1 B 73, &1B 231-' 3'1
> 1( 3 (36-'1 (3 '% 8 &. 8 , 1( 3 3 ' 15 , 1( 3 16 2
(8(2'( 35 ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 3
3, ,& =(3 1 1% * 6& 7(, , *) '% &(32
(6 > 1( 3 & 3(4 '( 35 ( 2
' &
3 (3 &(3 & -65 3,(& 3,%( 3'& 8 & ' .(2 1 &2
% ;( , 3 (3 &1 B
31-' 3'1@ 3 (3 &1 1% * 6 1' , ' 1(' ' 6& 7(, , )A' A, ) 11(1' 32 3 , 1( 3
16 2
'1

- 25 -
%09.(0)
:)+
)-)
%0 .2 (5)
;)51*+ ,
.190

' 1% * '% & 16 31(*((') 8 '% (3,(7(,- 231'&-2


'( 3 & -61 ' 31-& '% '
2
'(7('( 1 & 6 &8 &. , ' 2
%( 7 '% 16 2
(8( , 9- (') :%( '% (3,(7(,- . <&
23'& 2
' &1 & & 9-(& ,' (.6 . 3' '% (& =3 6& & .. 6& 6 & ,(3 (3 =('%
'%(1 . 3- 3, 66(2* ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 31 8 ' 3, &15 (' 1% * '% * 1(2
& 16 31(*((') 8 '% 232&3 , & -6% ,1 ' 31-& '% ' 66& 6&( ' . 3- 15
6 315 = &+ 6& 2,-& 15 = &+ (31'&-2
'( 31 & 6& 6 & ,5 ,-) 66& 7, 3,
(.6 . 3' , :% & 1 '% & 16 31(*((') 8 & 9- (') 23'& 3, (316 2
'( 3 2
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' &1 B 1-*A
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& 16 31(*((') 8 9- (') 11-& 32 8-32
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& -61

% 16 2
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& 2
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0 - (8(2'( 3 8 1 -&21 B 73, &15 6& 2


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2
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(' 33(3 & -6


(' 33(3 & -6 1% * & 16 31(* 8 & & <2
' 6 33(3 5 2
% ,-(3 3,
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231'&-2
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- 26 -
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2
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231'&-2
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% 1 6 31 (32-, '% 8 =(3 F


0; = 2
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% ,- (, 3'(8)(3 '% 1)
1' . 3, 1-* 1)1' .1 ' *
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2
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2
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2
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2
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6& * .1

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% 8 =(3 & '% & 16 31(*(('( 1 8 (7( 31'&-2
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2
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2
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-2 & ' . -66) )


1' . / 0 & -6

0 & -6 (1 & 16 31(* 8 & 1(' & ' , 8 *&(2'( 35 & 2


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- 27 -
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K 3'( '( 3 )1' .1 8 & 2


' & 3' (3. 3' $-(,(3 5 3'& $-(,(3 5
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K -I(( &)1)1' .1 (+ & 3 3, ('& 3 1)1' .1

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8 =(3 6(6(3 1)1' .1 3, 9-(6. 3'1F

0 3'(& ,(-. (6(3 8


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2
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$ 32 8 3' ? 2
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$ A 2
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0 & 2
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2
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2
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2
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1-66) 26 27&1 * '% 3,$ 2
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- 28 -
3'& D 31'&-. 3' '( 3 / D 0 & -6

3'& 3, 31'&-. 3' '( 3 & -61% * & 16 31(* 8 & (32.(3 . ' &( (316 2
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& 2
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3'& 2
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6& 2
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8 (' .1 3 ' , ' ,' D 5 5 & 2(6' 8 . ' &( 1 % 3, , 7& '
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- (') 11-& 32 / 0 & -61

/& 2
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(3('( ' 3,(.6 . 3' 3)6& 73'(7 3,B & 2&& 2
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6& 2
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1-16 3,= &+,- ' 1( 3(8(23' , 7( '( 31 3 '(2,5 =%(2
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- 29 -
7&(8(2'( 3 3, -,(' 2
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-'
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• 31-&(3 9- (8(2'( 3 8 = , &1 B = ,(3 6 & ' &1 3, *& 4 &1 B
*& 4(3
• 31-&(3 9- (8(2'( 3 8 6 & ' &1
• 31-&(3 9- (8(2'( 3 8 6 (3'1 B 6 (3' &1
• 316 2
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• 31-&(3 1 '(18 2
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(1- I.(3 '( 3 / 0
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• 31-&(3 (.6 . 3' '( 3 8 6 31 8 & 8 *&(2'( 35 (31' '( 35 & 2
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' &1@B -*A23'& 2
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• 7( = 8 31

• 7( = 8 1

• 7( = 8 & 1-'1 8

% 32
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;( , 3 (3 &(3 /
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- 30 -
232
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> 1( 3 2 &(8(2'( 3 1 & 9-(& , *) 231'&-2


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2
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2
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• 38 &2. 3' 8 1 8 = &+(3 6& 2


'(21 '%& - % -' '% 6& <2
'

• 3(' &(3 8 -31 8 23,('( 31 3, 6& 2


'(21 *) & - & 1(' (316 2
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• 6 &'(3 2
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• &&)(3 -' 16 ' (371'( '( 3 (.. ,( ' ) 8' & '% 2
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- 31 -
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3 1-2
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'(7('( 1 1
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1.3.4. STAFFING, TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION

;; F
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( 1+( 1 & 3 , , 8 & 2&&)(3 -' (, 3'(8( , 16 2
( (4 , = &+5 1-2
%
6 &1 33 & '& (3 ,(3A% -1 66& 6&( ' ) & '%& - % '& (3(3 32
)=%(2
% 6& 7(, 1
1-2
% '& (3(3 % 9- (8(2'( 3 & 2&,1 8 '% 6 &1 33 & +6' 2
-&& 3'

; &. '& (3(3 6& & .. 1 (+ $ & (3(3 2


% 5 > & 8 11( 3 & (3(3 '2
& 7&3 , *) & (3(3 3- 1 3, 1) *( =%(2
% & & 7( = , 3, -6, ' ,
23'(3- )' +(3 (3' 2
2-3' '% 1' ' A 8A'% A &' (3 '% ' 2
%3 )

% & (1 6& 7(1( 3 8 & 23'(3- -1 . 3(' &(3 8 '% 6 &8 &. 32 8 ' 1+6 &8 &. &1
3,8 & & A'& (3(3 3,& A9- (8(2'( 3 B & A2&'(8(2'( 35 (3 '% 73' 8 '% (& 8 ( -& '
6 &8 &. 1 '(18 2
' &( )
16 2
'(7 & -61 & & 16 31(* 8 & '& (3(3 3,9- (8(2'( 3 8 '% (& 6 &1 33 3,
8 & 31-&(3 '& (3(3 3, 9- (8(2'( 3 8 6 &1 33 8 '% 23'& 2
' &1 B 231-' 3'1
3 ,*)'% .

- 33 -
CHAIRMAN &
MANAGING
DIRECTOR

DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTOR (CONSTRUCTION)


(TECHNICAL) (FINANCE) / PROJECT DIRECTOR

HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD


(FIELD (PROCURE QA – (CIVIL) (MECHANICAL) (ELECTRICAL QA (INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERI MENT) (PROCUREME AND C & I) (CONSTRU & FIRE
NG) NT) CTION) SAFETY)

ORGANISATION CHART OF BHAVINI

- 34 -
1.3.5. QA PROGRAMME

%(1 3- 6& 12
&(* 1 '% & & .. =%(2
% (1 231(1' 3' =('% $
& 9-(& . 3'1 1 6 & , 8 & 2
'(2 3 - (') 11-& 32 8 & 8 ')(3 -2 & =&
3'1 $ , B C
-3 5 #""

& , , 66& 2
%

3 (.6 . 3'(3 '%(1 3- 5 & , , 66& 2


% =( * , 6' ,(3 & 16 2
' 8 2
%
(' .5 1 &7(21 & 6& 211 % I' 3' 8 38 &2
(3 '% & 9-(& . 3'1 B 88 &'1 =( *
* 1 , 3 '% 88 2
' 8 3 3 2.6( 32 '% ' 23 % 7 3 1 8 ') 3 ,,('( 3 '% & ,,
66& 2
% =( 1 ' + (3 ' 2
2-3' (11- 1 1-2
% 1F
• .6 I(') & -3(9- 3 11 8 '% (' .J
• > & 8 1' 3, &,(4 '( 3 8 '% (' .J
• , 8 & 16 2
( 23'& 15 ,.(3(1'& '(7 . 1-& 1 3, 1-&7( 32 7&
6& 211 15 . '% ,1 3, 9-(6. 3'J
• > & ' =%(2
% 2.6( 32 =('% , 1( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1 23 * , . 31'& ' ,
*)(316 2
'( 3 3,' 1'J
• - (')%(1' &)
J
• 2
211(*((') 8 '% (' .5 8' & (31' '( 3 (3 '% 6 3'5 8 & . (3' 3 325 (3A
1 &7(2 (316 2
'( 3 3,& 6 2. 3'J 3,
• 23 .(2(.6(2'( 31 8 8 ( -&

- (') 11-& 32 & & .. 8 3'& 2


' &1

3,(7(,- 6 2
+ 23'& 2
' &1 1% 6& 6 & '% (& =3 231'&-2
'( 3 9- (') 11-& 32
. 3- 1 (3 (3 =('% '%(1 . 3- % 23'& 2
' &1@ . 3- 1 1% , ' ( '% 9- (')
11-& 32 6& & . 8 23'& 2
' &1 ' 88 2
'(7 )2&&) -' 9- (')23'& 3,(316 2
'( 3
8-32
'( 31 8 '% (& = &+1 ' '% 6& <2
' 3,1% * 1-66 . 3' ,*)16 2
(8(2 6 31
3, > = &+ 6& 2,-& 1 '% 1 ,2
-. 3'1 1% * ,-) & 7( = , *) '%
& 16 2
'(7 & -615 232
-&& ,*);( , 3 (3 &(3 3, 66& 7,*)'% , 1( 3 ' ,
6 &1 33 8 $!

% - (') 11-& 32 3- 1 6& 6 & ,*)'% 23'& 2


' &1 1% 3 & )23' (3 *-'
3 ' * (.(' ,' '% 8 =(3 F
0> 12
&(6'( 3 8 '% (' .15 6& 211 1 3,1 &7(21 1 66(2*
*0 1' ' . 3' & '(3 ' . 3 . 3'@
1 2..('. 3' ' 9- (')

- 35 -
2
0 & 3(4 '( 3 2
% &' 8 & '% 2
'(7('( 1 2 & )1% =(3 '% & 3(4 '( 3 1'&-2
'-& 5
8-32
'( 3 & 16 31(*((')
5 (3 3, 7 1 8 -'% &(') ' 1% * 31-& , '% '
6 &1 33 6 &8 &.(3 2
'(7('( 1 1% 3 ' % 7 ,(& 2
' & 16 31(*(('( 1 8 &
6%)1(2 6& & 11 8 '% = &+
,0 , 3'(8(2'( 3 8 . <& 2
'(7('( 15 7(4 5 , 1( 35 . ' &( 6& 2
-& . 3'5 8 *&(2'( 35
& 2
'( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3,' 1'(3 5 6& A2..(11( 3(3 '2J (1' 8 6 31 3,
= &+6& 2,-& 1 ' * 6& 6 & , 3, 66& 7,8 & 2
% 8 '% 2
'(7('( 1
0 , 3'(8(2'( 3 3, 23'& 8 16 2
( 23,('( 31 1-2
% 1 37(& 3. 3'
23,('( 315 9-(6. 3' 3,1+( 1 & 9-(& ,8 & 2
2.6(1%(3 2
'(7('( 1 88 2
'(3
9- (')
80 6& & .. 3,12
% ,- 8 & 6& & .. & 7( =
0 & 2,-& 8 & 3 3A238 &. 32 23'&
%0 & (3(3 3, 2&'(8(2'( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1 8 6 &1 33 8 3'& 2
' &1 B -*
3'& 2
' &1 6 &8 &.(3 3,B & 7&(8)(3 '% 2
'(7('( 1
(0 -,(' /3' &3 3, I
' &3 0

3'& 2
' &1 1% 31-& 1' *(1%. 3' 8 1(.( & 88 2
'(7 - (') 11-& 32 & & ..
8 '% (& -*23'& 2
' &1 % 1 =( * & 7( = ,*)$!

7(1( 3 3'& 8 3-

7(1( 35 ,,('( 3 & . 3,. 3' 8 '% 3- 1% * (, 3'(8( ,5 & 2&, , 3,


,(1'&(*-' , 1 8 =1F

% 6 1 =%(2
% 1% * ' & , & & 7(1 ,1% * . &+,=('% & 7(1( 3 3-.* & ' '%
' 6 8 '% 6 % 6 1 1% * 1( 3 , =('% , ' *)'% 66& 7
(3 -'% &(') 1
G H & G>> H 8 2
( (' ' 2'(3 ' & '( 31 3 '% 6 15 '% = &,1 B
1 3' 321 ' & ,1% * (, 3'(8( ,*)-3, & (3(3

-2
% & 7(1 ,1% '1 1% * (11- ,(.. ,( ' ) 8' & 66& 7 =('% 27&(3 1% '
2 ,G 7(1( 3 3'& % 'H(1'(3 '% & 7(1 ,6 1 ' * I2
% 3 ,=('% ,6 1
3 =('% '% , ' ( 1 8 '% & 7(1 ,' I'

3 21 8 . <& & 7(1( 31 88 2


'(3 . 3)6 15 & 8' & . 3)& 7(1( 31 8 (3,(7(,-
6 15 '% 3'(& , 2
-. 3' 1% * & 7(1 , 3,(11- , 1 3 I' (11-

66& 7,26( 1 8 3- 3,('1 1-*1 9- 3' & 7(1( 31 B (11- 1 1% * & 2&, ,
3,,(1'&(*-' ,' '% -'% &(4 ,8-32
'( 3 &( 1
- 36 -
1.3.6. QA PROGRAMME REVIEWS

%(1 - (') 11-& 32 3- 1% * & 7( = ,6 &( ,(2 ) ' 1' 32 (3 '%& ) &1
3,& 7(1 , 1 3 211 &)' & 8 2
' 6& & .. '(2 3, & 3(4 '( 3 2
% 3 1 3 21 8
3 & 7(1( 35 L % 3 L6 1('( 3 1% * & 2&, , 3,(11- , 7(1( 31 ' '%(1 . 3-
1% * 66& 7,(3 '% 1 . . '% , 3,1' 1 1 '% 66& 7 8 '% &( (3 (11-

- 37 -
1.4.1. DOCUMENT CONTROL
>& =(3 1 3, 6 2
(8(2'( 31
'% 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 1% * 2&&( , -' 8 =(3 66& 7, , 2
-. 3'1 %
,& =(3 1 3,16 2
(8(2'( 31 8 & '% . (3 6 3' (' .1 1% * 6& 6 & ,5 2
% 2
+, 3,
66& 7,*) 2
' & 3 (3 &(3 & -6 8 & '% (& -'% &(4 ,231-' 3'1 3,
1% * . , 7( * ' '% ;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -6 ' 6& <2
' 1(' 8 & 231'&-2
'( 3
;( , 3 (3 &(3 1% . (3' (3 3,. + 7( * 6 &( ,(2 ) 1' & (1' 8 2
-&& 3'
,2
-. 3'1 8 & 6& 2
-& . 3' 3,231'&-2
'( 3 1 & 2(7,8& . B

9- 1'1 B 6& 6 1 1 8 & > 1( 3 . ,(8(2'( 31 (32-,(3 '% 1 8& . 23'& 2


' &1 =( *
6-' -6' ;( , 3 (3 &(3 % 1 =( * 6& 211 , 1 > 1( 3 % 3 9- 1'1 B ;( ,
% 3 9- 1'1 ; B 31-' 3' 1% (11- > 3,; & -61% (11- ; % 1
,2
-. 3'1 1% * 8 &= &, , ' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 8 & (.6 . 3' '( 3 -2
%
,2
-. 3'1 1% * (32&6 & ' ,(3 1-*1 9- 3' & 7(1( 3 8 '% ,& =(3 8' & '% , 1( 3
B ,& =(3 1 & 8& 4 35 =% 3 7& 3 211 &)5 ; & -6 1% (11- =%(2
% 1% *
8 &= &, ,' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -68 & (.6 . 3' '( 3

;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -6 31-& 1 '% ' '% ' 1' ,& =(3 1 ; B> B 5 16 2
(8(2'( 35
'25 (11- ,*) 31-' 3'1 & & 2(7, ' 1(' = (3 ,732 8 & I2
-'( 3 8 = &+
% (1' 8 ,& =(3 15 ; B > B 5 16 2
(8(2'( 35 '2 1% * 2
(&2
- ' ,' '%
231'&-2
'( 3 32
( 1 31'&-2
'( 3 & -61 1% *' (3 ' 1' ,& =(3 1B16 2
(8(2'( 31
8& . ; & -6' 2&&) -' '% 231'&-2
'( 3 = &+ 231'&-2
'( 3 & -61 1% 23'&
'% , 2
-. 3'1 B ,& =(3 1 ' 31-& '% 8 =(3 F
/0 % ' 1' -'% &(4 ,, 2
-. 3'1 1% * -1 ,(3 '% = &+ & 1
/
*0 *1 ' ,2
-. 3'1 1% * 6& .6' ) 3, 6 1('(7 ) & . 7, ' 6& 2-,
'% (& (3 ,7&' 3' -1
/
20 (. )(38 &. '( 3 8 & 7(1( 3 8 , 2
-. 3'1 3,(11- 5 3,'% 2
'- 1' '-1
1% * 6& .6' )& ),' '% -'% &(4 ,8-32
'( 3 &( 1 3, & 3(4 '( 31
B 32
( 1
/
,0 :% & 7& 66(2* 5 , ' ( ,,& =(3 1 * 1 , 3 ; B 1% * . , *)
'% 23'& 2
' & 3, 66& 7,*);

- 38 -
3 . 3' & 2,-& 1

1 ' 8 . 3 . 3' 6& 2,-& 15 1% * 6& 6 & , 3, 66& 7,(3 ,,('( 3 ' '%
16 2
(8(26& 2,-& 1 ' * 6& 6 & ,*)'% (3,(7(,- 23'& 2
' &1 %(1 (32-, 1 *-' 3 '
(.(' ,' '% 8 =(3 F
• & 2,-& 8 & & 6 & '( 3 8 & 2,-&
• >& =(3 88(2 6& 2,-&
• 3, & 7 - '( 3 & 2,-&
• & 2,-& 8 & 3 . 3' 7( = 8 & & ..
• ' &( & 2(6'5 (316 2
'( 35 1' & 3,(11-
• -,('1
• 3'& 8 3A 38 &. 32
• : &+ & 2,-& 1
• 2&, 3,> 2
-. 3' '( 3
• ! 3, 7& B & 318 & 8 1)1' .15 231'&-2
'( 3 , 2
-. 3'1

> ' ( , 6& 2,-& 1 1% * 6& 6 & ,5 * 1 , 3 '% 66(2* 16 2


(8(2'( 3 3,
,& =(3 15 *)(3,(7(,- 231'&-2
'( 3 & -61 B 23'& 2
' &1
% 6& 2,-& 1 3 & )23' (3 '% 8 =(3 F
• (' 5 , 12
&(6'( 3 8 2
'(7('( 15 (, 3'(8(2'( 3 3-.* &5 & 7(1( 3 3-.* &5
,' 3, 66& 7 1' '-1
• 26 8 = &+
• 8 & 321 1-2
% 1 2, 15 16 2
(8(2'( 35 ,& =(3 1
• & A& 9-(1(' 1
• & A9- (8(2'( 3 8 '% 6 &1 33 6 &8 &.(3 '% = &+5 9-(6. 3' 3,
6& 211
• & 2-'( 31 ' * ' +3 8 & '% 1 8 ') 8 6 &1 33 3, 9-(6. 3' ,-&(3
(31' '( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3,' 1'(3
• > ' ( , (31'&-2
'( 35 2
% 2
+(1' & 63 8 & '% (31' '( 3 3,
'% & 2
'(7('( 1 (32-,(3 (, 3'(8(2'( 3 8 =('3 11 % ,6 (3'1 3,& 2&,1
& 9-(& ,

• 2
26' 32 1' 3, &,1

3 21 8 2.6 I 3,2
&('(2 = &+1 1-2
% 1 (31' '( 3 8 2.6 3 3'15 , ' ( 1 8
1 9- 3'( 6 & '( 31 1% * (1' , 3,8 = , *)& -' 2&,1 % & -' 2&,1 1%
(32&6 & ' '% 2
% 2
+6 (3'1 ' , 2
-. 3' '% 3'(& 6 & '( 3
- 39 -
'% 6& 2,-& 1 8 (7( B 2
% 3(2 B 2
' & 11 .*) B (6(3 B 2
'&(2 B
31'&-. 3' '( 3 = &+1 1% * 66& 7,*)'% & 16 2
'(7 ! ,1 8 & -61
315 > 3, 6& 2,-& 1 1% * & 7( = , B 66& 7, *) '% & 16 2
'(7
! ,1 8 & -61
& 2,-& 15 31 3, (31'&-2
'( 31 B 12
% . 1 & & 7( = , *) ; & -6 * 8 &
66& 7

1.4.2. DESIGN CONTROL

% & 16 31(*((')8 & > 1( 3 (1 =('% 5 5 % 7 & & .. (3


> 1( 3 =%(2
% (1 & 7( = , *) $ 5 . ) 11( 3 > 1( 3 : &+1 '
231-' 3'1 =% (3 '-&3 % 7 & & .. 2
26' * ' 5 3,$!

;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -6 8 $! (3' &8 21 =('% 5 =('% & &,' > 1( 3


> 1( 3 36-'1 & 2(7,8& . 5 & (11- ,*); '%& - % 7&( -1 & -61 (3
$! 8 & (.6 . 3' '( 3

9- 1'1 B 6& 6 1 1 8 & > 1( 3 . ,(8(2'( 31 (32-,(3 '% 1 8& . 23'& 2


' &1 =( *
6-' -6' ;( , 3 (3 &(3 % 1 =( * 6& 211 , 1 > 1( 3 % 3 9- 1'1 B ;( ,
% 3 9- 1'1 ; B 31-' 3' 1% (11- > 3,; & -61% (11- ; % 1
,2
-. 3'1 1% * 8 &= &, , ' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 8 & (.6 . 3' '( 3 -2
%
,2
-. 3'1 1% * (32&6 & ' ,(3 1-*1 9- 3' & 7(1( 3 8 '% ,& =(3 8' & '% , 1( 3
B ,& =(3 1 & 8& 4 35 =% 3 7& 3 211 &)5 ; & -6 1% (11- =%(2
% 1% *
8 &= &, ,' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -68 & (.6 . 3' '( 3

% 7(1( 3 (3 > 1( 3 > 2


-. 3'1 (1 6& 211 ,*); 3 '% 1 . (3 1 1 '% &( (3
, 1( 3 , 2
-. 3' ' (1 '% & 16 31(*((') 8 '% -1 & & -6' 31-& '% ' ' 1' & 7(1( 31
8 > 1( 3 > 2
-. 3'1 & -1 ,(3 '% (& & 16 2
'(7 & 1

1.4.3. PROCUREMENT CONTROL

& 2
-& . 3' 3'& 3, 3, & - (8(2'( 3

& 2
-& . 3' 8 . ' &( B 9-(6. 3' 8 & $! 1% * -3, &' +3 1 8 =1F

3, 3'(3 5 3, &(3 5 3-8 2


'-& & B 3, & 7 - '( 35 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 316 2
'( 35
1'(3 3, -66)
'% 2
'(7('( 1 & ' ,' '% 6& 2
-& . 3' 8 . <& 9-(6. 3' 1% * 2 &,(3 ' ,*)
& 2
-& . 3' B 3-8 2
'-&(3 & -6 8 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' ! = 7&5 6& 211(3 8
' 3, &1 8 & . <& 9-(6. 3'1 =( * '% & 16 31(*((') 8 D & -65

- 40 -
& 2
-& . 3' 2
'(7('( 1
; =(3 2
'(7('( 1 & 6 &8 &. ,(3 6& 2
-& . 3' 8 2.6 3 3'1 B 9-(6. 3' B 1 &7(21
/
& 8 && ,' 1 G& ,-2
'H0
0 & 6 & '( 35 & 7( =5 66& 7 5 ,(1'&(*-'( 3 3,2
% 3 23'& 8
• 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 3
• 3, & , 2
-. 3'
*0 3, &B1% 6 7 - '( 3 3,9- (8(2'( 35 12
&-'(3) 8 . 3-8 2
'-& &@
1 3- 5 1

3 211 &)

2
0 2
%3(2 7 - '( 35 (, 3'(8(2'( 3 8 ' 2
%3(2 , 7( '( 31 8& . '% 3, &

,2
-. 3' 3,'% (& 2
26' 32B& <2
'( 3

2
'(7('( 1 /0' /
20 & 2.6 ' ,* 8 & (11- 8 ' 3, &1 B 6 2. 3' 8 6-&2
% 1
&, & 8' & 6 2. 3' 8 6-&2
% 1 &, &1 8 =(3 2
'(7('( 1 & 2.6 ' ,
,0 66& 7 8 7&( -1 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 3, ,2
-. 3'1 (+ 6 315 . 3-8 2
'-&(3

6& 2,-& 15 . 3-8 2


'-&(3 1 9- 325 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 ,& =(3 15 9- (8(2'( 3 8

6& 2,-& 15 > 3,' 1'(3 6& 2,-& 15 6 2


+(3 6& 2,-& 1 '2

0 - (') 3'& 3, -&7( 32 /


(32-,(3 16 2
(8(2G
! ,H
5 :('3 11 3, 7( =

1' 10

80 .6( '( 3 8 3-8 2


'-&(3 2&,1 B > 2
-. 3'1 8 1 *-(' 6& ,-2
'

/ .6 3 3'B 9-(6. 3'0

0 7 - '( 3 8 6 &8 &. 32 8 '% 6& ,-2


' / .6 3 3' B 9-(6. 3'0=('%(3 6 1'

= && 3')6 &( ,

%0 3'& 8 3 3A238 &. 321 3,8 =A-6 3 2&& 2


'(7 2
'( 31
(0 3 & '( 3 3,23'& 8 & 2&,1 8 & (316 2
'( 35 > 3, '% & ' 1'1
<
0 11- 8 1%(66(3 & 1

% 2
'(7('( 1 /
,0' /0 * 7 & * 1(2 )6 &' 8 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 *-' & . 3'( 3 ,
% & -3, & 6& 2
-& . 3' 1(32 '% 6& 2
-& . 3' , 2
-. 3'1 .-1' 16 2
(8) '% 1
& 9-(& . 3'15 16 2
(8(2 )(3 21 8 6& 2
-& . 3' 8 & = . ' &( 15 231-. * 1 '2

; & 1' 3, &,(' .1 3,* - %'A -' (' .15 '% 2


26' 32 (1 * 1 , 3 8(3 (316 2
'( 3
3,')6 ' 1'1 1 6 & 16 2
(8(2'( 31
- 41 -
% 23'& 2
' &B . 3-8 2
'-& & B 73, & B 1-*A73, & 6& 6 & 3, 1-*.(' '% (&
. 3- 1 (3 (3 =('% '%(1 3- 8 $!

& 2
-& . 3' & 2,-& 1
8' & (, 3'(8)(3 '% 3 , 8 & 6& 2
-& . 3' 8 '% 6& ,-2
' 8 & '% & <2
'5 ' 3, &
16 2
(8(2'( 3 =( * 6& 6 & ,*) 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 5 $! 8 & '% 6& ,-2
' 2 &)
(, 3'(8)(3 ' 2
%3(2 & 9-(& . 3'1 % ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 3 6& 6 & ,*) 1 6 &'
8 , 1( 3 2
'(7(')(1 -1 ,8 & 6& 2
-& . 3' 6-&6 1 1 % ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 3 (32-, 1
126 8 = &+5 ' 2
%3(2 & 9-(& . 3'1 /
. 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 2
% .(2 5 . 2
% 3(2 5 2
'&(2
'20
5 (316 2
'( 3 3, ' 1'(3 ' * ,3 3 '% 6& ,-2
' 3, '% (& 2
26' 32
& 9-(& . 3'15 & 9-(& . 3'15 , 2
-. 3' '( 3 & 9-(& . 3'15 6 2
+(3 5 % 3,(3 5
'& 316 &' '( 35 1%(66(3 3,1' & & 9-(& . 3'1

' 3, & , 2
-. 3' (1 '% 3 2.6( , % ' 3, & , 2
-. 3' (1 8(3 2.6( '( 3 8
6& 2
-& . 3' & 9-(& . 3'1 8 '% 6& ,-2
' (3, 3' ,5 =%(2
% (1 -1 ,8 & 8 '(3 '% ' 3, &
39-(&)' '% 6& 16 2
'(7 *(,, &1 8' & '% ' 3, & , 2
-. 3' (1 2.6( ,5 (3, 3' (1
& (1 , % (3, 3' (1 66& 7,*)2.6 ' 3' -'% &(') % 66& 7,(3, 3' (1 1 3' '
B 3 =('% 3, & > 2
-. 3' 8 & 8-&'% & ' 3, &(3 2
'( 31

% 26 *((') 3,9- (')1)1' . 8 73, &B 1-*A73, & (1 11 11 ,*) & -6 3


=('% & 2
-& . 3' 3,;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -61 (3 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 5 $! 3
'% * 1(1 8 1 8 ') 2' &)5 & ( *((')5 6 &8 &. 32 & 9-(& . 3'5 . 3-8 2
'-&(3
(3'&(22
( 1 3, 6& A9- (8(2'( 35 '% (3, 3' & . )(, 3'(8)'% . , 8 6-&2
% 1 3,
& 2.. 3,6 11(* 1 -&21 8 1-66) 3,1- 1' 66& 6&( ' 6& 2
-& . 3' 2
'( 31

3 & 2(6' 8 *(,15 '% (3, 3' & 6& 6 & 1 ' 2
%3(2 7 - '( 3 3,(, 3'(8( 1 ' 2
%3(2 )
2
26' * 3, . 3-8 2
'-&(3 A=(1 26 * *(,, &/
10 > 7( '( 31 8& . '% 16 2
(8( ,
& 9-(& . 3'1 & (1' ,*)'% (3, 3' & 3,& 7( = ,=('% '% ;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -6
8 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' B , 1( 3 ' , 3 (3 & B 2..('' *8 & '% = &, 8
23'& 2
' $(,1 & 7 - ' ,' +(3 7&( -1 8 2
' &1 (3' 2
2-3' ' 31-& '% ' 9- (')
3, 12
% ,- & . ' *) '% 6& 16 2
'(7 *(,, &1 ; & & - & 1-66( &1 8 (, 3'(2
(' .15 =% 1 9- (')1)
1' .1 3, 26 *(('( 1 % 7 & ,)* 3 1' *(1% , 3, 6-'
-3, & 66& 7,73, & (1' 8 & 6 &'(2
- & (' .15 16 2
(8(273, & 7 - '( 3 . )3 ' *
, 3 8 & & 6 '('(7 & 9-(& . 3'1 B 6& 2
-& . 3'1

- 42 -
8' & 1 2
'(3 ' 2
%3(2 ) 2
26' * 3, 26 * 6& 2
-& . 3' 1 -&25 '% 6-&2
% 1
& 2.. 3, '( 3 (1 '% 3 6& 211 , 8 & 66& 7 8& . 2.6 ' 3' -'% &(') %
66& 7,6-&2
% 1 & 2.. 3, '( 3 3 =('% ' 2
%3(2 6 &'( 35 1 3 211 &)5 ' *
(32-, ,(3 '% 6-&2
% 1 &, &5 (1 1 3' ' B 8 & 6 2. 3' 8 6-&2
% 1 &, &
26) 8 =('% ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 31 (1 8 &= &, , ' >(& 2
' & / 2
%3(2 08 &
&& 3 (3 2
'(7('( 1

8' & = &, 8 23'& 2


'5 '% 1-66( & 1-*.('1 '% . 3-8 2
'-&(3 6& 2,-& 15 >
6& 2,-& 15 (316 2
'( 3 3, ' 1'(3 6& 2,-& 1 3, 31 238 &.(3 ' '%
16 2
(8(2'( 31 3-8 2
'-&(3 ,2
-. 3'1 & 66& 7, *) & 2
-& . 3' & -6 8
2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 316 2
'( 3 3,' 1'(3 6& 2,-& 15 31 3, ,2
-. 3'1
& 66& 7,*) /& 2
-& . 3'0 & -6 66& 7,, 2
-. 3'1 & 1 3' ' '% 1-66( &
*)'% 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 5 $! - (') -&7( 32 (1 2&&( , -' 1 6 & '%
66& 7, 6 35 66& 7,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 6& 2,-& 15 66& 7,(316 2
'( 3 D ' 1'(3
6& 2,-& 1

16 31(*(('( 1 8 & & 6 & '( 35 7( = 3, 66& 7 8 3, & > 2


-. 3'1 (3
2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 5 $!

0 3, 3'
3, 3' (1 & (1 ,*)(3, 3' & 3, 66& 7,*)2.6 ' 3' -'% &(')
*0 2
%3(2 62
(8(2'( 3
2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 3 (32-, 1 ' 2
%3(2 & 9-(& . 3'15 126 8 = &+ 3, 1-66)5
66(2* ,& =(3 15 16 2
(8(2'( 315 1' 3, &,1 3, , 2
-. 3'15 & 9-(& . 3'15
(316 2
'( 3 3,' 1'(3 5 1-&8 2 '& '. 3'5 1' & 5 % 3,(3 5 6 2
+(3 5 '& 316 &' '( 3 3,
, (7&) 23,('( 31 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 3 (1 6& 6 & , 3, 66& 7, *) 2
' &
3 (3 &(3 & -65
2
0 3, & > 2
-. 3'
3, & , 2
-. 3' (1 2.6( , *) (3, 3' & 3, 2
% 2
+, 3, 66& 7, *) ! ,5
& 2
-& . 3' & -6(3 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 8 $!
,0 3, & 7 - '( 3 3, -&2
% 1 2.. 3, '( 3
$(,1 & 7 - ' , 3,6-&2
% 1 & 2.. 3, '( 3 (1 6& 6 & ,*)(3, 3' & 3, 66& 7,
*)2.6 ' 3' -'% &(')
0 9- 1' 8 & - (') -&7( 32 (1 1 3' *)! ,5 & 2
-& . 3' & -6' ! ,5
A & 2
-& . 3' & -6

- 43 -
80 32
)(1 , 2
(, ,*)>(& 2
' &/ 2
%3(2 0
5 $!
0 % 3 15 (8 3)5 ' '% 6& 2
-& . 3' , 2
-. 3'1 -3, & 1 . 7 1 8 & 7( =
3, 66& 7 18 = ,8 & '% &( (3 ,2
-. 3'

& 2
-& . 3' 8 ' 3, &,$ - %' -' ' .1 B & 6&( ' &) ' .
% , 1( 3 3 (3 & (71 ,- 231(, & '( 3 ' 7( *((') 8 1' 3, &,6& ,-2
'1B . 11
6& ,-2, (' .1 3, . +1 -1 8 1-2
% 6& ,-2
'1 ' '% I' 3' 6 11(* (.( & )5
6& 6&( ' &)(' .1 8& . 6& 73 3,& 6-' ,1-66( &1 & 231(, & , 3,16 2
(8( , 3 '%
* 1(1 8 2' - ,' 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 9- (')1' 3, &,

& 2
-& . 3' 8 .. &2
( & , & ,-2
'1
.. &2
( & , B 88 '% 1% 8 6& ,-2
'1 =('% 6& 73 9- ('). )* & 9-(1('( 3 ,*)
'% , 1( 3 & =('% ,,('( 3 ' 1'1 B I.(3 '( 31 ' 238(&. ('1 9- (') 3, 2
26' ,8 &
-1 6& 7(, ,(' . '1 '% 9- (')& 9-(& . 3'1 8 & '% (3' 3, ,-1 % ,,('( 3 ' 1'1
B I.(3 '( 31 & , 3 (3A% -1 & '%& - % 3 66& 7, * 8' & 6& 2
-& . 3' 8 '%
(' . *-' * 8 & (' (1 6-' ' -1

& 2
-& . 3' 8 6 & 1

6& 1 & 6& 2


-& , 1 6 & '% ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 31 3, & 9-(& . 3'1 8 & '%
&( (3 6& ,-2
' ,,('( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1 8 & 3 1' & & ,-)16 2
(8( ,

- (') .6( 32 3, &(8(2'( 3


% (316 2
'( 35 ' 1'(3 3,7&(8(2'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 & 2&&( , -' 1 6 & '% 66& 7,
6 31 * 1 , 3 '% ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 31 8 '% 6-&2
% 1 &, &

3'& 8 &1 33
>-)9- (8( ,= , &1 1 6 & 66& 7,: 3, & 3 )6 &.('' ,' 2&&) -'
= ,(3 3 '% <* 316 2
'( 3 (1 2&&( , -' *) . 3-8 2
'-& &@
1 9- (8( , 6 &1 33
$ 8 & 1-*.(11( 3 8 > B (316 2
'( 3 & 6 &'15 '% & 6 &'1 & ,-)1( 3 ,*)9- (8( ,
> 6 &1 33 3,(316 2
'( 3 3 (3 &1 :% & > (1 16 2
(8( ,5 '% 1 . (1 2&&( ,
-' *)2.6 ' 3' 3,2&'(8( ,6 &1 33 1 6 & '% 66& 7,6& 2,-& 1

- 44 -
>(16 1('( 3 8 3A 38 &. 321
% 1-66( & 1' *(1% 1 6& 2,-& ' 23'& . ' &( 15 6 &'15 2.6 3 3'15 1)1' .1 &
6& 211 1 '% ' , 3 ' 238 &. ' '% 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1 % 6& 2,-& 1 6& 7(,
8 & 6& .6' & 2&,(3 3, & 6 &'(3 8 3 3A238 &.(3 6& ,-2
'1 ' 2
%3(2 B
31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & ' % 3 3A238 &.(3 6& ,-2
'1 & 6& .6' ) 1 & ' ,
/
6%)1(2 1 6 & '( 3 3, ' (3 0' 6& 73' '% (& (3 ,7&' 3' -1 1-*1 9- 3' ) %
3 3A238 &. 321 =%(2
% '% 1-66( & 6& 6 1 1 8 & 231(, & '( 3 3,,(16 1('( 3 (3 '%
8 &. 8 3A 38 &. 32 6 &' / 0 & & 7( = , *) 3 (3 &1 8 & 2
-& . 3'
& -6 3, /& 2
-& . 3'0 & -6 3,8 &= &, , 3 =('% '% (& 2.. 3'1 ' '%
;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -68 & 1-(' * ,(16 1('( 3 (3 231-' '( 3 =('% 5 %
(1 G66& 7,H & G66& 7, 1 ' ,H /
( 66& 7 =('% 16 2
(8(2 3 '(3 0 &
G <2
' ,H*)! , 8 ;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -6

% 8 =(3 , ' ( 1 & ' * (32-, ,(3 '% *)'% 1-66( &F
• > 12
&(6'( 3 8 3 3A238 &. 32 3, ('1 2A& '( 3 =('% & 73' ,& =(3 1 B
16 2
(8(2'( 31 B & 9-(& . 3' B 6-&2
% 1 &, &
• 1 31 8 & 2
2-&& 32 8 3 3A238 &.(')
• -66( &@
1 ,(16 1('( 3 6& 6 1 3 =('% 3 211 &) , ' ( , 3 )1(1 3,
<
-1'(8(2'( 3 && 2
'(7 2
'( 31 ' 7 (,& 2
-&& 32

3)1( 3(8(23' , 1( 3 23211( 3 3 (' .1 (.6 &' 3' ' 1 8 ')(1 *& - %' ' '% 3 '(2
8 $

%(66(3 1
% (' .1 & ,(16 '2
% ,*)'% 1-66( & 3 ) 8' & *' (3(3 =&('' 3 1%(66(3 & 1
,2
-. 3' 8& . (, 3'(8( , 3, -'% &(4 ,6 &1 31

' &( B 9-(6. 3' & 2


-& . 3' 27& ,-3, & '% 126 8 2
+ 3'& 2
' &1

; & '% 9-(6. 3' B . ' &( 27& ,-3, & '% 126 8 '% 6 2
+ 23'& 2
' &15
' 3, &(3 5 73, & 7 - '( 35 . 3-8 2
'-& 5 1-66)5 (316 2
'( 3 3,' 1'(3 1% * '%
& 16 31(*((') 8 6 2
+ 23'& 2
' &1 -&2
% 1 &, & 1% * 6 2, *)'% 62
+
23'& 2
' &1 3 ) 3 '% 1 . 3-8 2
'-& &1 B 73, &1 8 & =%(2
% 66& 7 8 2
%3(2
>(& 2
' & ' % 1 * 3 *' (3 , 316 2
'( 3 3, 2
% 2
+1 ,-&(3 B 8' & 6& 2
-& . 3' B
. 3-8 2
'-&(3 3,1-66) 8 1-2
% (' .1 1% 238 &. ' 66& 7 6 31
- 45 -
6 *(('( 1 8 '% 1-66( & B 1-*A23'& 2
' & 1% * 7 - ' , 8(&1' *) '% 62
+
23'& 2
' & 3, 66& 7,*) 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' %(1 7 - '( 3 (32-, 1 8(&1' % 3,
11 11. 3' 8 '% (& & 1 -&21 (3 ' &.1 8 '& (3 , B 9- (8( , . 36 = &5
9-(6. 3' B 8 2
( ('( 15 '% (& 9- (') 23'& 1)1' . 3, 6& 2
'(215 12
&-'(3) 3,
232
-&& 32 8 23'& 2
' & B 1-66( &M
1 . 3- 3,'% (& 6 1' 6 &8 &. 32 3 1(.( &
= &+1 2&&( , -' 8 & 3-2 & 6 = & 6 3'1 3, '% & 1-2
% & 6-' , & 3(4 '( 31

1.4.4. CONTROL OF ITEMS


2(7(3 3, 316 2
'( 3

. ' &( 1 B 9-(6. 3' 6& 2


-& , 1% * , (7& , ' 1(' 3 ,- (316 2
'( 3 3,
2 & 32 *) & 16 2
'(7 & -6 & ('1 -'% &(4 , & 6& 1 3' '(7 1 1 3 1 '%
. ' &( 1 B (' .1 B 9-(6. 3' & & 2(7, ' 1(' 5 '% )1% * 7(1- )(316 2
' ,*)
232&3 ,1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -65 6&( & ' 2
26' 32 ' 1(' . ' &( 1 B 9-(6. 3'
6& 2
-& , *) 6 2
+ 23'& 2
' &1 1% * (316 2
' , 3, & 1 , 8 & 1(' 1 6&
66& 7, 3 3 & 2(6' ' 23'& 2
' &@
1 6& .(1 1 ' 1(' 5 3 -,(' 8 '%
6& 2
-& . 3' 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 6 &8 &. ,*) /& 2
-& . 3'06 &1 33 1% *
2&&( , -' *) / 31'&-2
'( 30' 31-& '% ' '% (' .1 . ' '% 16 2
(8(2'( 3
& 9-(& . 3'1 ;-&'% &5 7(1- (316 2
'( 3 1% * 2&&( , -' *) 23'& 2
' &@
1
6 &1 33 3,232&3 ,1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -68 & 3)'& 31(' , . 3,2&& '( 3
=('% , 16 '2
% ,2
-. 3'1 37 7. 3' 8 / 31'&-2
'( 30 1% * 2 ,8 &
=% 3 7& '& 31(' , . (1 *1 &7, 3, ,(16-' &(1 1 ,- ' .*( -(') (3 '%
,2
-. 3'1 3, . ' &( 9- (') ; & 2
26' , . ' &( G ' &( 2
26' 32 6 &'H
1% * 6& 6 & , 3 21 8 3), 8(2
( 32
)(3 '% & 2(7,. ' &( 5 66& 6&( ' & 6 &'
1% * 3 & ' ,*)'% 232&3 ,1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 3,. &+,' & 16 2
'(7
& -6

316 2
'( 3 B 7&(8(2'( 3 & 6 &'1 1% * 6& 6 & , 3, (11- , =('% 2 & ) , 8(3 ,
1' & (31'&-2
'( 31 3 21 5 2&' (3 ' 1'B2
% 2
+1 3 ' 2&&( , -' 3 (' .1 (3 '% 1% 6
3,' * 2&&( , -' ' 1(' 1 3 ' ,(3 1%(66(3 & 1 5 '% 1 . 1% * 2&&( , -'
' 1(' *) '% 232&3 , 1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 3, =('3 11 , B 2
26' , *)
/ 31'&-2
'( 30 1 6 & 16 2
(8(2'( 3 B ,& =(3 6&( & ' 2
26' 32 ' 1('
' & 3, & 1 &7'( 3

- 46 -
% 1' & 8 '% . ' &( 3, 9-(6. 3' 1% * -3, &' +3 ' '% 1(' 1' & 1 3,
B & (3 '% 16 2
(8( , & 6&( & ' '% (& (31' '( 3 3, -1 ' & 8 . ' &( B
9-(6. 3' 1% * -3, &' +3 ' 31-& ,- (, 3'(8(2'( 35 1 & '( 3 3, 2'( 3
3,' 6& 73' , ' &( & '( 3 8 9- ('),- ' 1-2
% 88 2
'1 1 2&& 1( 35 23' .(3 '( 35
2(. '(223,('( 31 3,6%)1(2 , . 3 3 & 5 '% 8 =(3 16 2
'1 1% * ' +3
(3' 231(, & '( 3 8 & 1' & F
a) Access to storage area.
*0 3 (3 11 3,% -1 + 6(3 6& 2
'(21
2
0 2
-& , 3,1 8 1' &
,0;(& 6& ' 2
'( 3
0 , 3'(8(2'( 3 3,. &+(3
80 2&, 8 2'( 31
0& ' 2
'(7 27&1 3,1 1
%0 '(3 3,6& 1 &7'( 3
(0 6 2
( 37(& 3. 3' 23,('( 31 (+ ' .6 & '-& 3,%-.(,(')23'& 5 (3 &'
1 * 3+'(3 5 '2

<
0 & 1 &7'( 3 . (3' 3 32 16 2
( )(3 '% 21 8. 2
%(3 &)

&( ,(2(316 2
'( 3 1% * 2&&( , -' ' 31-& '% ' 16 2
(8( ,6& 1 &7'( 3 3,1' &
23,('( 31 & . (3' (3 , % I6(&), ' 8 231-. * 1 1% * 2 & ),(16 ),1
'% ' '% (' .1 1-2
% 1 6 (3'1 1% 3 ' * (11- ,8 & -1 8' & I6(&) 8 1% 8 (8

3 3 & 3-2 & 2.6 3 3'15 (31'&-. 3' '( 3 B 23'& B 2


'&(2 B 2
'& 3(2
(' .15 & ' '(3 . 2
%(3 15 7 71 3, 6(6 8(''(3 1 3,1' (3 11 1' (' .1 1%
* 1' & , -3, & 27& , 1' & % 9-(6. 3' & . ' &( 1 8 %( % 6& 2
(1( 3
& 9-(& . 3'1 1-2
% 1 1' (3 11 1' 7 71 3,6(6 8(''(3 1 8 & 3-2 & 1)1' .1 1% *
1 & ' , 3,1' & , ' 1 6 & ' ) (, 3'(8( , 2'( 31 (3 '% 1' & 15 ' 6& 73'
3) 6 11(* .(IA-6 =('% '% & 1(.( & (' .1 >- , 2
-. 3' '( 3 8 '% 1' &
& 2&,1 1% * . (3' (3 ,

; & 3 ' &. 1' & 8 2


&('(2 9-(6. 3'5 6& 1 &7'( 3 6& 2,-& 1 1% * 6& 6 & ,
3, 66& 7, ' & 8 1-2
% 9-(6. 3' 3,'% (& 6 &( ,(2(316 2
'( 3 3,. (3' 3 32
1% * 2&&( , -' 2
2&,(3 ' '% 1 6& 2,-& 1

% * 7 1' & 3,6& 1 &7'( 3 6& 2,-& 1 & 66(2* ' '% (' .1 6& 2
-& ,*)
'% 23'& 2
' &1 1
- 47 -
& ' 2
'(7 '(3 1 3'&

& ' 2
'(7 2 '(3 1% * 66( , =% & 7& 16 2
(8( , ' '% (' .1 3, 1-&8 21 '
6& 1 &7 '% (& 9- (') (3'(3 1% * -3, &' +3 (3 2
2&, 32 =('% 66& 7,
6& 2,-& 1 % ')6 3, I' 3' 8 6& ' 2
'(7 2 '(3 1 1% 238 &. ' '%
& 9-(& . 3'1 16 2
(8( , (3 '% , 1( 3 ,& =(3 1 B 16 2
(8(2'( 31 % 6& 2,-& 1 1%
(32-, '% 8 =(3 231(, & '( 31F
0 1 8 3 )' 1' , 3, 66& 7, . ' &( 31-&(3 '% ' '% 2
% .(2
. 3'1 (3 '% 2 '(3 1 & . (3' (3 ,=('%(3 16 2
(8( , (.('1 1 1
3 ' ' % 7 3), ' &( -1 88 2
' 3 '% 1-&8 2
*0 I6(&), ' 8 2 '(3 . ' &(
2
0 , 9- ' 1-&8 2 6& 6 & '( 3 B 2 3(3 ' * -3, &' +3 6&( & '
66(2'( 3 8 6 (3'1
,0 ' 1% * 31-& ,'% ' 6 (3'(3 B 2 '(3 , 1 3 ' (3' &8 & =('% ' 1'(3
B 3 3A, 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 3 8 2.6 3 3'1 :% & 7& '% & (1
6 11(*((') 8 6& ' 2
'(7 2 '(3 (3' &8 &(3 =('% 3)1-*1 9- 3' ' 1'(3
& > 5 '% 1 8 & 1 7*((') 8 2 '(3 1 ,-&(3 1-2
% ' 1'(3 1% *
' +3 (3' 2
2-3' ' '% '(. 8 2 '(3

0 & 6 (& 8 , . 1 ' 6 (3' ,1-&8 21 1% * -3, &' + 3 8 =(3


66& 7,6& 2,-& 1
80 -(' * 6& 2-'( 3 1% * ' +3 ' 7 (,, . ' 3 &*) 9-(6. 3'
,-&(3 6 (3'(3 B 2 '(3 8 '% 16 2
(8( , 9-(6. 3'

! 3,(3
& 316 &' '( 3 3,% 3,(3 8 '% 2
&('(2 2.6 3 3'1 ' (' 1% * -3, &' +3
1 6& 66& 7, 6& 2,-& 1 % 1 6& 2,-& 1 1% ' + (3' 2
2-3' = ( %'5 1(4 5
6%)1(2 238( -& '( 35 1-&8 2 8(3(1%5 1-126'(*((') ' 1% 2
+,. 3, 6& 12
&(* ,
% 3,(3 6 (3'1 3 21 8 2.6(2' , 3,2
&('(2 1'&-2
'-& 15 16 2
( % 3,(3 , 7(21
3, 9-(6. 3' 1% * -1 , (8'(3 ' 2
+ 1 3,% 3,(3 9-(6. 3' ' * -1 ,1%
* ' 1' , 3, 9- (8( , * 8 & -1 3 '% <* % ) 1% * 1 . (3' (3 , 3,
2
% 2
+, 6 &( ,(2 ) 1 6 & 66(2* 1' 3, &,1 B 6& 2,-& 1 6 & ' &1 % 3,(3
2
&('(2 9-(6. 3' 1% * 9- (8( ,8 & '% (& -1 *)16 2
( '& (3(3 & *) I6 &( 32

- 48 -
, 3'(8(2'( 3 3'& 8 ' &( B 9-(6. 3'

'% . ' &( 3, 9-(6. 3' (32-,(3 6 &' )8 *&(2' , 11 .*( 1 1% * (, 3'(8( ,
=('% 6& 6 & 3-.* & B . &+(3 ' 1% * 31-& ,'% ' '% (, 3'(8(2'( 3 (1 . (3' (3 ,
('% & 3 '% (' . & 3 & 2&,1 '& 2 * ' (' .15 '%& - % -' 1' & 5 8 *&(2'( 35
' 1'(3 3, (31' '( 3 % 1 . 1-& 1 1% * , 1( 3 , ' 6& 73' '% -1 8
(32&& 2
' & ,8 2
'(7 (' .1 3, (' .1 =%(2
% % 7 3 ' & 2(7, '% & 9-(& ,
I.(3 '( 35 ' 1' & (316 2
'( 31 % (, 3'(8(2'( 3 . &+1 1% * 66( ,-1(3 . '% ,1
3, . ' &( 1 =%(2
% 1% * (* 3, 3 ' , '&(. 3' ' '% (' . (37 7, %
(, 3'(8(2'( 31 1% * . &+, 3 & 1 1 1 3 ' ' (3' &8 & =('% '% 8-32
'( 3 &
9- (') 16 2
' 8 '% (' .

1.4.5. & 1.4.6. PROCESS CONTROL (MANUFACTURING, SITE CONSTRUCTION


& COMMISSIONING)

2
'(7('( 1 88 2
'(3 9- (') (3 '% & 1 8 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 (' 231'&-2
'( 35
2..(11( 3(3 3, 11 2
( ' , B & 23'& , (3 2
2&, 32 =('% 16 2
(8( ,
& 9-(& . 3'1 ' . ' '% , 1( 3 (3' 3'

:% & 7& & 9-(& ,*)2, 1 B 1' 3, &,1 B 16 2


(8(2'( 31 '% 2
'(7('( 1 & 2
2.6(1% ,
*), 6 )(3 9- (8( ,B 2&'(8( ,B -'% &(4 ,6 &1 33 2
'(7('( 1 & 2&&( , -'
-1(3 66& 7,5 ' 1' , 2
-. 3'1

31 =('% 3'& (3'1 ? & 7( =5 =('3 11 3, % , 6 (3'1 & 6& 6 & , 8 &
2
'(7('( 1 88 2
'(3 9- (')

HOUSE KEEPING

! -1 N 6(3 3,2 3 (3 11 & 31-& ,'%& - % -' '% 6 3' =('% 7( = ' . (3' (3
9- (') 8 (' .1 ,-&(3 1' & B 8 *&(2'( 3 B 1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 B (31' '( 3 B
2..(11( 3(3 3'& 8 37(& 3. 3' 23,('( 31 3, 2
211 ' 7&( -1 & 1 (1
31-& , -2 & 2 3 & 1 B 2 3 4 3 1 B ,-1' 8& & 1 & 2 & )(, 3'(8( , 3,
2
211 ' 1-2
% & 1 (1 & -' ,

211 &)% -1 + 6(3 3, 2 3 (3 11 6& 2,-& 1 & (11- , (7(3 ,' ( 1 8 '%
1' 61 ' * ' +3 3,'% 32
( 1 & 16 31(* 8 & 7&( -1 1' 61

- 49 -
"

1.5.1. VERIFICATION PROGRAMME

2
'(7('( 1 88 2
'(3 9- (') & 7&(8( ,8 & 2.6( 32 =('% '% 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1
' (1 31-& , '% ' &1 33 (37 7, (3 ' 1+ 7&(8(2'( 3 1% 3 ' % 7 3) ,(& 2
'
& 16 31(*((')8 & ' 1+6 &8 &. 32 3' &3 3, I' &3 7&(8(2'( 31 & 2&&( , -'

1.5.2. INTERNAL VERIFICATION

3' &3 &(8(2'( 3 (1 , 3 8 & 2


'(7('( 1 2&&( , -' *)$! 6 &1 33

1.5.3. EXTERNAL VERIFICATION

I
' &3 7&(8(2'( 3 (1 , 3 8 3'& 2
' &1@ 2
'(7('( 1 % I' 3' 8 1-2
% 7&(8(2'( 3
1% * * 1 , 3 '% (.6 &' 32 8 '% (' . & 1 &7(25 & ' ,' 1 8 ')

1.5.4. VERIFICATION PLANS AND PROCEDURES

7&(8(2'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 & 6 &8 &. , 1 6 & 66& 7,7&(8(2'( 3 6 31 (3 '% 8 &. 8
- (') 11-& 32 31 % 1 - (') 11-& 32 31 1% F

• , 3'(8)& 8 & 32 , 2
-. 3'1 (32-,(3 = &+6& 2,-& 1

• , 3'(8) 2
% 7&(8(2'( 3 6 (3' 3, (3,(2' ('1 & '(7 1 9- 32 (3 '% = &+
2
)2 B 6& 211 1' 1
• , 3'(8)'% 2
% & 2
' &(1'(2
1 ' * 7&(8( , ' 2
% 6 (3' 3, (3+(' ' (3,(7(,-
6& 2,-&
• 3,(2' (3' &8 21 =('% '% & 7&(8(2'( 3 6 31 3,16 2
(8)% = '% )1% *
23'& ,

• , 3'(8)23'& 6 (3'15 1 7( = (3'15 :('3 11 (3'1 3,! , (3'1

• , 3'(8)% =5 =% 35 =% & 3,*)=% . '% 7&(8(2'( 3 1% * 23,-2


' ,
• 3,(2' 2
26' 32 2
&(' &(
• 3,(2' (11- 8 & 6 &'1

- 50 -
1.5.5. CALIBRATION AND CONTROL OF MEASURING AND TEST EQUIPMENT

& 2,-& 1 1% * 6& 6 & , 6& 12


&(*(3 '% 1 2
'( 35 (, 3'(8(2'( 35 -1 5 2 (*& '( 3
& 9-(& . 3'1 3,2 (*& '( 3 8& 9- 32
)8 . 1-&(3 3,' 1' 9-(6. 3' B ' 1 %
6& 2,-& 1 1% * 6& 6 & , * 1 , 3 66(2*((')5 & 2.. 3, , 1' 3, &,15
& 2.. 3, '( 3 8 . 3-8 2
'-& &1 8 . 1-&(3 3,' 1' 9-(6. 3' 3, I6 &( 32 8
-1 &1
' 1% * 31-& ,'% ' '% . 1-&(3 3,' 1' 9-(6. 3' 8 & -1 1% * 8 6& 6 &
& 3 5 ')6 5 2
2-& 2
) 3,6& 2
(1( 3 3 )2 (*& ' , 3,2&'(8( ,(31'&-. 3'1 1% *
-1 , '% . 1-&(3 3,' 1' 9-(6. 3' 1% * 3-.* & , 3, (1' , 12
&(*(3 '%
1 . 1% * 7( * =('% '% -1 &5 (3,(2'(3 '% ,- , ' 8 & A2 (*& '( 3

% & 2&, 8 2 (*& '( 3 1% * . (3' (3 , 3 '% . 1-&(3 3,' 1' 9-(6. 3'5
6& 8 & *) (3 '% 8 &. 8 ,% 1(7 *1 & 3 & 2&,1 '& 2 * ' '%
9-(6. 3' % * 1 1% % 7 ' 1' 8 =(3 , ' ( 1 FA

/0> ' 8 2 (*& '( 3


/
*0> ' 8 7 (,(') 8 2 (*& '( 3
/
20 ( 3 '-& 3,3 . 8 -'% &(4 ,6 &1 3 6 &8 &.(3 '% 2 (*& '( 3 = &+
/
,0 ( 3 '-& 3,3 . 8 -'% &(4 ,6 &1 3 7&(8)(3 '% 2 (*& '( 3 = &+

% . 1-&(3 3,' 1' 9-(6. 3' 8 -3, -'A 8A2 (*& '( 3 & 8 -3,, . ,1% *
, 6 1(' ,* 2
+(3 '% 1 2
'( 3 1' & 15 =('% ('1 23,('( 3 =&('' 3 3 3 '' 2
% ,'
' .1 & ,) 2
26' ,*)-1(3 '% 1 -'A 8A2 (*& '( 3 9-(6. 3' 1% * 11 11 ,
8 & '% (& 2
26' *((') 3,1-(' * (38 &. '( 3 1% * 2..-3(2' ,' '% 88 2
' ,
& -61 B 23'& 2
' &1 8' & & 6 (&5 '% 1 . 1-&(3 D ' 1' 9-(6. 3' 1% * 2
% 2
+,
8 & 2 (*& '( 35 3,(8 8 -3,1 '(18 2
' &)5 '% )1% * . , 7( * 8 & -1 & 2&,
8 & A2 (*& '( 3 1% * . , 1 , 8(3 , * 7 <2
' ,. 1-&(3 3, ' 1'
9-(6. 3' 1% * 1' & ,1 6 & ' )(3 '% 1 2
'( 3 1' & 1 =('% ('1 23,('( 3 =&('' 3 3
3 '' 2
% ,' % & <2
' ,' 1 B 9-(6. 3' =%(2
% 1% * * ) 3,& 6 (& 1% *
, 6 1(' , ' '% 3'& ' & 1 8 & 8(3 ,(16 1

3 )9- (8( ,5 +3 = , * 3, I6 &( 32,6 &1 33 1% * -'% &(4 ,(3 =&('(3 5


' 6 &8 &. 2 (*& '( 3 8 . 1-&(3 3, ' 1' 9-(6. 3' 3, 1( 3 '% & 2&, 8
2 (*& '( 3

- 51 -
>-&(3 3)' 1'(3 B 2 (*& '( 3 2
% 2
+5 =% 3 , 7( '( 31 * ) 3, 6& 12
&(* , (.('1 &
,' 2
' ,5 3 7 - '( 3 1% * . , 8 '% 7 (,(') 8 6& 7( -1 . 1-& . 3'1 3,
' 1'15 3, 2
26' 32 8 ' 1' ,(' .1 1% *& 11 11 ,

1.5.6. VERIFICATION STATUS

% 2
-&& 3' 1' '-1 (1 (3,(2' , *)'% -1 8 . &+(3 15 1' .615 ' 15 * 15 & -'(3
2&,15 (316 2
'( 3 & 2&,15 6%)1(2 2'( 3 3, '% & 1-(' * . 315 =%(2
% 23 (3,(2'
2
26' *((') & 3 3A238 &. 32 8 (' .1 =('% & &,' 7&(8(2'( 31 6 &8 &. ,

1.5.7. PRE SERVICE INSPECTION (PSI)

8 2.6 3 3'1 3, 1)1' .1 (1 2&&( , -' -1(3 66& 7, 6& 2,-& 1 ' 1' 1
(, 3'(8( ,*) ,2
-. 3' (11- ,*) 5 % 2 (*& '( 3 * 2
+1 -1 ,,-&(3
& (, 3'(8( ,8 & '% (& '& 2 *((') 3,6& 1 &7,8 & 8-'-& -1 ,-&(3 3 &7(2
316 2
'( 3 / 0,-&(3 '% 6 & '( 3 6% 1

1.5.8. AUDIT AND ASSESSMENT

AUDIT

.6& % 31(7 1)1' . 8 3' &3 D I' &3 - (') -,(' (1 1' *(1% ,(3 &, & '
11 11 '% 88 2
'(73 11 8 '% & & .. 1 . 3'( 3 ,(3 '%(1 3-

66& 6&( ' ) '& (3 , 6 &1 33 5 =% & 3 ' ,(& 2


' ) & 16 31(* 8 & & 1 * (3
-,(' ,5 1% 6 &8 &. 3,, 2
-. 3' '% -,('1 % )1% % 7 1-88(2
( 3' -'% &(') 3,
& 3(4 '( 3 8& , . ' . + '% -,(' . 3(3 8- 3, 88 2
'(7 -,(' 6 &1 33 1%
*1 2
' , 3 '% * 1(1 8F

• N3 = , 3, I6 &( 32 8 -,('(3 ' 2


%3(9- 1J
• N3 = , 8 66(2* 2, 15 6& 2,-& 1 3,(3,-1'&( 6& 211 1
• 62
( (4 ,+3 = , 3, I6 &( 32 (3 '% & ' * -,(' ,J

- 52 -
3 -,(' . =('% . , & (1 231'('-' ,<(3' )*)>(& 2
' & /0 3,>(& 2
' & /0
B >

3 -,(' 3 (7(3 , ' ( 1 8 126 8 -,('5 -,(' ' . . .* &15 3, 2


'(7('( 1 ' *
-,(' ,5 > 6 &'. 3' B & 3(4 '( 31 ' * 3 '(8( ,5 66(2* , 2
-. 3'1 1-2
% 1
6& 2,-& 1 3,2
% 2
+ (1'1 3, 3 33- 12
% ,- (1 (11- , ' '% * (33(3 8 7&)
2 3, & ) &

3' &3 -,('1 & 6 &8 &. ,(3 1-2


% . 33 & '% ' '% > 6 &'. 3'1 8 $! &
27 & , ' 1' 32 (3 ) &

I
' &3 -,('1 & 6 &8 &. ,(3 1-2
% . 33 & '% ' '% 3'& 2
' &1 8 $! &
27 & , ' 1' 32 (3 ) &

3 ,,('( 35 -,('1 & 2&&( , -' -3, & '% 8 =(3 23,('( 31J
• :% 3 (' (1 3 211 &) ' 7&(8) (.6 . 3' '( 3 8 & 9-(& , 2&& 2
'(7
2
'( 3J
• :% 3 1( 3(8(23' 2
% 3 1 & . , (3 '% 8-32
'( 3 & 1 8
6& & .. 5 1-2
% 1 1( 3(8(23' & A & 3(4 '( 3 & 1( 3(8(23' & 7(1( 31 8
'% 6& 2,-& J
• :% 3 (' (1 1-16 2
' , '% ' '% 9- (') 8 '% (' . & 1 &7(21 (1 (3
< 6 &,) =(3 ' , 8(2
( 32
)5 ('% & (3 '% & 9-(& . 3'1 & '%
(.6 . 3' '( 3 8 6& & .. 5 3,
• 31-& 2.6( 32 =('% '% *1 &7'( 31 8 - ' &) 316 2
'( 3

% , 8(2
( 32
( 1 (, 3'(8( , 3,*& - %' -' *) -,(' ' . = -,* ,,& 11 ,' F
• > ' &.(3 '% 2-1 /
10
• 31'('-' 2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 31
• 2
'(8), 8(2
( 32
( 1
• 7( = (.6 . 3' '( 3 6 (2
( 1 & 9-(& , ' (.(3 ' & 2
-&& 32 8
, 8(2
( 32
( 1
• .6 &' '& (3(3 ' 6 &1 33 1 3 211 &)
• > 2
-. 3' -,(' & 6 &'1 3,2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 31 ' +3

- 53 -
% -,(' 6 &'1 =( * ,(1'&(*-' , ' ;-32
'( 3 >(& 2
' &1 8 $! 5 ! ,1 8
& -61 (3 $! 5 1(, 3' ! ,1 8 3'& 2
' &1 ' 1(' /3 ) 3 -,('1 6 &' (3(3 '
'% 16 2
(8(223'& 2
' &0
5 8 & 31-&(3 (.6 . 3' '( 3 8 & 2.. 3, '( 31 (3 '(. )
. 33 &

.6 . 3' '( 3 8 2&& 2


'(7 . 1-& 1 B & 2.. 3, '( 3 =( * 31-& , ,-&(3
1-*1 9- 3' -,('1

% & 16 31(*((')8 & 2.6( 32 3, (.6 . 3' '( 3 8 '% & 2.. 3, '( 3 (1 =('%
& 16 2
'(7 >(& 2
' &1

ASSESSMENT

8 11 11. 3' 3, (3, 6 3, 3' 11 11. 3' & 6 33 , (3 &, & ' 6& 7(,
238(, 32 3,' ' + '(. )2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 31 & 1 1-2
% 1 (3' &8 2 . 3 . 3'5
1 8 ')5 % -1 + 6(3 5 '& (3(3 3,9- (8(2'( 3 8 6 &1 33 5 6& 1 &7'( 3 8 (31' ,
9-(6. 3' 3,& 2&,1 8 2
( (') & 11 11 ,8 & '% (& , 9- 2
) 3,(.6& 7. 3'1 (8 3)

11 11. 3' (1 2&&( , -' ' 1' 32 ) & *) 6 3 . 3' . 231'('-' ,*)
> % & 1-'1 8 11 11. 3' & 2..-3(2' ,' >5 >(& 2
' &1 D & -6! ,1

- 54 -
#

1.6.1. NON- CONFORMANCE CONTROL

0 % 9-(6. 3' B . ' &( B (' .1 3 ' 238 &.(3 ' '% 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1
1% * 23'& , 1 6 & 66& 7,3 3A238 &. 32 23'& 6& 2,-& ' 6& 73' '% (&
(3 ,7&' 3' -1 32
( 1 (37 7, (3 6& 2
-& . 3'5 . 3-8 2
'-& 5 8 *&(2'( 35
(316 2
'( 3 B ' 1'(3 3, & 2
'( 3 B (31' '( 3 2
'(7('( 1 1% * & 9-(& ,' % 7 '% (&
=3 3 3A238 &. 32 23'& 6& 2,-& 1 232
-&& ,*); 3,& 16 2
'(7
*0 3 3A238 &. 321 *1 &7,1% * & 2&, ,(3 '% (316 2
'( 3 & 6 &' 3,'%
3 3A238 &.(3 . ' &( B (' .1 1% * (, 3'(8( , 3, +6' 1(, -3'( '% 3 3
238 &. 32 & & 1 7, % & 1 31 8 & 3 3A238 &. 321 1% * (, 3'(8( , 3,
2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 3 1% * ' +3 ' 7 (,'% (& & 2
-&& 32 ; =2
% &' 8 & ,(16 1('( 3 8
3 3A238 &. 32 (1 (73 (3 6 A " % 8 &. ' 8 3 38 &. 32 6 &' (1 (73
(3 6 A #D
2
0 3 3A238 &. 321 1% * & 7( = , 3,, 7( '( 31 1% * 6& 211 , ; &
,(16 1('( 3 8 3 3A238 &. 3215 & 2.. 3, '( 3 3 '% 1 1% * 6& 6 1 , *)
231'&-2
'( 3 32
( 15 '% 1 . 1% * 232
-&& ,*) 3,8(3 66& 7 B 66& 7
1 3 ' , B & <2
'( 3 1% * , 3 *);( , 3 (3 & O66& 7, 1 3 ' ,@ 1 1%
1-(' *)* 2 1 , 3,& (1' & , % 7&( -1 ,(16 1('( 3 . '% ,1 1% * 3 8 '%
8 =(3 F
• 2
26' =('% -' . ,(8(2'( 3 ? %(1 , 2
(1( 3 1% * (73 =% 3 (' (1 1' *(1% ,
'% ' '% 6& 6 1 ,, 7( '( 3 1% 3 ' & 1-' (3 3)(.6 (&. 3' 8 9- (') 3,1%
3 ' % 7 3) ,7&1 88 2
' 3 ('1 8-32
'( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1
• A= &+? % 6& 211 *)=%(2
% 3 3A238 &. 32 (' . (1 . , ' 238 &.
' 6&( & 16 2
(8( , & 9-(& . 3' *) & A. 2
%(3(3 5 & A 11 .*(3 & '% &
2&& 2
'(7 . 31
• 6 (& ? % 6& 211 8 & 1' &(3 3 3A238 &.(3 (' . ' 23,('( 3 1-2
%
• <2
'? ' ' * -1 ,8 & ('1 (3' 3, ,6-&6 1

% 23'& 8 1% * ,3 1 6 & =&('' 3 6& 2,-& % & 6 (& , 3,& A= &+,


(' .1 1% * & A I.(3 , (3 2
2&, 32 =('% '% &( (3 16 2
(8( , & 9-(& . 3'1
8 =2
% &' 8 & ,(16 1('( 3 8 3 3A238 &. 32 (1 32 1 ,

- 55 -
3)1( 3(8(23' , 1( 3 23211( 3 3 (' .1 (.6 &' 3' ' 8 ')=( * *& - %' ' '%
3 '(2 8 $

1.6.2. CORRECTIVE ACTION


% 3 38 &. 32 6 &'1 & 6 &( ,(2 ) 3 )4 ,8 & '% (& 2-1 1 3,3 211 &)
2&& 2
'(7 2
'( 31 & (3('( ' ,' & . 7 '% , 8(2
( 32
( 11 1 ' 6& 73' & 6 '('( 3

- 56 -
FLOW CHART FOR DISPOSITION OF NON-
CONFORMANCE

COMPLETION OF
ACTIVITY

Acceptance INSPECTION Non-conformance

REVIEW BY QA

Reject
Acceptable, Submit NCR
DISPOSITION BY
FE GROUP

Approved Modify
NCR REVIEW
REPAIR OR
REWORK
Approved as noted conditional *
acceptance

RECORD COMMITMENT AND/OR


CONDITIONAL IMPLEMENTATION TO
MEET CONDITION
Reject

Acceptance INSPECTION
NCR REGISTATION
AND
DISTRIBUTION NCR
REGISTRATION/
DISTRIBUTION

CLEARANCE
FOR NEXT STAGE
SCRAP

NCR: Non-conformance Report


* After conditional acceptance of the design concession, no work is
envisaged on the non-conforming item.

- 57 -
Page-1 of 2

BHARATIYA NABHIKIYA VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED


(A Government of India Enterprise)
PFBR Project, Kalpakkam

NON-CONFORMANCE REPORT
Application for disposition of non-conformances
P.O. No.(See Note-1 on back side) …….
NCR No. ……………………………
Project/USI No. ……………………
Contractor / Sub- Contractor …….Component/System/Structure/Item
………
Manf / Contractor’s Ref. No. ……………. Spec.No./Drg. No. ………….
Equipment / Tag No………………………….. P.O. Item No. …………………
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Details of Proposed Concession: (See Note-2 on back side)
This request does not involve a change in contract price…………
Estimated cost …………..
(Name, Designation, Date and seal ) Requested by……………………….
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quality Surveyor’s comments (See Note-3 on back side)
Name………………… Original signed ……………. Date…………..

APPROVAL OF INDENTOR / DESIGNER / CONSULTANT / FE (See Note-4 on back side)


APPROVED
APPROVED AS NOTED
REJECTED / REPAIR / RE-WORK.

NOTES:
(Name, Designation & Date) Indentor / Designer / Consultant / FE
Immediate Superior/ACE / CE/ Head, FE

CLOSING DCR IN CASE ‘APPROVED AS NOTED’ VERIFICATION BY QUALITY SURVEYOR OF


MANUFACTURER/ CONTRACTOR / SUB-CONTRACTOR/ QA, IGCAR or its nominee

All stipulations in conditional approval met? Yes / No


If No, defective item repaired / rejected? ….. If repaired, new NCR No…..

(Name, Designation & Date) Contractor/Sub-Contractor QA, BHAVINI

Distribution: CONSTRUCTION
Indenting group………. Head of Concerned Construction group ……
REG/IGCAR…..………. Head (QA)………………..
Consultant…………….. Head (FE) ………………..
Quality Surveyor……… Head, Site Planning Group………………………
Contractor …………….. History Docket ………..

- 58 -
Page-2 of 2

NON-CONFORMANCE REPORT

(BACK SIDE OF NCR)

Note-1: For Package contract, please indicate Package P.O.No.


and Main P.O./Sub.P.O. as applicable.

Note-2: This should include reasons for deviations and corrective


actions to prevent repetition – enclose sketch, attach
additional sheet, if necessary. If deviation is on
quantified parameters, report the obtained
parameters as follows.

Sl.No. Design Value Obtained Value Remarks/Reason for


deviation

' A F % 6-&2 % 1 &@


1 9- (')1-&7 ) &B -'% &(4 ,& 6& 1 3' '(7 1%
7 &(8)'% , 7( '( 31 3, 31-& '% ' '% 23'& 2 ' & % 1 (32-, , '%
, 7( '( 31
' A F 3 21 8 ;( , 3 (3 &(3 & -65 & 7( = 6& 211 *)(.. ,( '
1-6 &( & (1 6'( 3

- 59 -
$

1.7.1. TYPES OF RECORDS

2&,1 1% * 6& 6 & , 3,. (3' (3 ,' 6& 7(, *<2


'(7 7(, 32 1-*1' 3'( '(3
'% 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 * (3 2&&( , -' . '(3 '% 16 2
(8( , & 9-(& . 3'1 8
66(2* 2, 15 16 2
(8(2'( 31 3,6& 2,-& 1
% )1% (32-, 5 1 66(2* 5 '% 8 =(3 F
/0 1-'1 8 & 7( =15 (316 2
'( 315 ' 1'1 3, -,('1
/
*0 & (3(3 5 9- (8(2'( 31 3, 2&'(8(2'( 3 8 6 &1 33
/
20 3 38 &. 32 6 &'15 & 6 (&1 2&&( , -'
/
,0 3(' &(3 '% 6 &8 &. 32 8 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1
/0 - (8(2'( 3 8 6& 2,-& 1 3, 9-(6. 3'
/
80 38 &. '( 3 6 &' (3(3 ' P 1A*-('M23,('( 3 8 '% (' .1 (3 '% 6 3'

1.7.2. RECORD SYSTEM


% 2&,1)1' . 6& 7
(, 1 , ' ( 1 8 (, 3'(8(2'( 35 3 & '( 35 (3, I(3 5 8( (3 5 1' &(3 5
. (3' 3 325 (316 2
'( 3 3,,(16 1 8 & 2&,1 3,, ' ( ,6& 2,-& 1 B (31'&-2
'( 31
' 27& '% *7
2&, 1)1' . 1% * 1' *(1% , 3, . (3' (3 , (3 2
2&, 32 =('% =&('' 3
6& 2,-& 1 3,(31'&-2
'( 31 % 1)1' . 6& 7(, 1 8 & (, 3'(8(2'( 35 2 2
'( 35 (3, I(3 5
8( (3 5 1' &(3 5 . (3' 3 32 3,,(16 1 8 & 2&,1 % & 2&,1 1% * 3 & ' , 1
, 8(3 ,(3 , ' ( , . 3- 1 B 6 315 6& 2,-& 15 16 2
(8(2'( 315 ' 3, & , 2
-. 3'15
'2
3 & '( 35 (3, I(3 5 . (3' 3 325 23'& 3,6& 1 &7'( 3 8 '% & 2&,1 & ' ,'
1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 1% * -3, &' +3 *)& 16 2
'(7 1(' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -61
6A+ 6(3 3, . (3' 3 32 8 '% . 3-8 2
'-&(3 ,2
-. 3'1 & ' ,' '%
9-(6. 3' B . ' &( 1 &&(7(3 8& . . 3-8 2
'-& &1@1% 61 7(4 5 %(1' &) , 2
+'15 ' 1'
2&'(8(2' 15 1%(66(3 & 1 ,2
-. 3'15 . (3' 3 32 B 1 &7(2 (31'&-2
'( 31 1% * 1
'% & 16 31(*((') 8 & 16 2
'(7 231'&-2
'( 3 32
( 1
3A 38 &. 32 6 &'1 3, 3 (3 &(3 % 3 '(21 1% * 23'& ,5
& (1' & , 3,,(1'&(*-' ,*);( , 3 (3 &(3 & -6
: ,(3 (316 2
'( 3 & 6 &'15 > & 6 &'15 ; *&(2'( 3 & 6 &'15 & 2
'( 3 B (31' '( 3
& 6 &'15 316 2
'( 3 B ' 1'(3 & 6 &'15 6& 2,-& 15 - (') 11-& 32 31 3, '% &
23'& 2
'& ' ,, 2
-. 3'1 1% * 7( * =('% '% & 16 2
'(7 231'&-2
'( 3 & -61

- 60 -
&' (3 & 2&,1 1-2
% 1 & A &7(2 316 2
'( 3 * 1 (3 , ' 1% * 3 & ' , 3,
. (3' (3 ,*)1(' & -6
% & 16 2
'(7 231'&-2
'( 3 & -61 1% 8 &.- ' '% (& & 2&, 3, , 2
-. 3' '( 3
23'& 6& 2,-& 1

1.7.3. GENERATION OF RECORDS


% > 1( 3 16 2
(8(2'( 35 & 2
-& . 3' , 2
-. 3'15 ..(11( 3(3 , 2
-. 3'15 31
(3,(2' '% & 2&,1 ' * 3 & ' , % & 2&,1 & 1' .6 , 3,, ' ,*) -'% &(4 ,
6 &1 31 * 8 & 1' & % & 2&,1 23 * ('% & &( (3 1 & & 6& ,-2, 26( 1
! = 7&5 & 2&,1 1% * (* 5 (, 3'(8( * =('% & 16 2
' ' (' . B & 73'
,2
-. 3'1

31'&-2
'( 3 .6 '( 3 > 2
-. 3'1

31'&-2
'( 3 .6 '( 3 &'(8(2' 1 / 10 3, )1' . & 318 & > 2
-. 3'1 / >10
1% * 6& 6 & , *) '% 231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 3, 8' & 232
-&& 32 *) 3, ;
1-*.('' ,' 2
%3(2 &7(21 % , 8 D & -6 % 1 , 2
-. 3'1 1% * 6& 6 & ,
1 6 & 66& 7,6& 2,-& 1

1.7.4. INDEX
3(7&1 -*<2
' 3, I / 0 1)1' . (1 8 = , 8 & (, 3'(8(2'( 3 8 & 2&,1 3
,,('( 35 '% (3, I1)1' . 1 (3,(2' 1 '% ')6 8 & 2&,5 2'( 3 8 & 2&,(3 1' &
& '2

1.7.5. RECEIPT CONTROL


(1'(3 8 & 2&,1 & 2(7 ,5 =('% & 16 2
'' 2
% 2
+ (1' 8 & 9-(& ,& 2&,1 3,2&'(8)(3
8 & 2.6 ' 3 11 (1 2&&( , -'

1.7.6. RETENTION PERIODS


2&,1 8 '% 8 =(3 2' &( 1 & 3 & ' ,

&. 3 3' 2&,1F

2&,1 =%(2
% 1% * & 9-(& ,8 & '% 3'(& (8 8 '% 6 3' & 8 & ' 1' '% (8 '(.
8 '% 6 &'(2
- & (' . (3 &, & ' . ' 3 &. & 8 '% 8 =(3 *<2
'(71

- 61 -
0 , . 31'& ' 26 *((')8 & 1 8 6 & '( 3
*0 3 * . (3' 3 325 & = &+5 & 6 (&5 & 6 2. 3' & . ,(8(2'( 3 8 3 (' .
2
0 , ' &.(3 '% 2-1 8 3 2
2(, 3' & . 8-32
'( 3 8 3 (' .
,0 6& 7(, & 8 & 32 , ' 3,, 2
-. 3' 8 & (3A1 &7(2 (316 2
'( 3
0 8 2
( (' ' , 2..(11( 3(3

3 &. 3 3' 2&,1F

2&,15 =%(2
% 1% * 3 211 &)' , . 31'& ' 2
2.6(1%. 3' 8 '% 2
'(7(')(3
2
2&, 32 =('% '% 16 2
(8(2'( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1 1% * & ' (3 , '( '% 1)1' .1 &
'& 318 && ,8& . 231'&-2
'( 3 ' 2..(11( 3(3 & -6
% (1' 8 6 &. 3 3' B 3 3A6 &. 3 3' & 2&,1 3, '% (& & ' 3'( 3 6 &( , 1% *
23'& ,(3 2
2&, 32 =('% '% 66& 7,6& 2,-&

.6 & &) 2&,1F

% 1 & '% & 2&,1 3 ' 8 (3 (3 '% * 7 '= 2' &( 15 *-' 3 & ' , ,-&(3
231'&-2
'( 3 6 &( ,' 1 &7 1 7(, 32 8 & 1 '(18 2
' &)2.6 '( 3 8 '% 2
'(7('( 1

1.7.7. DISPOSAL
&( ,(2& 7( =1 8 '% & 2&,1 & 2&&( , -' (3 &, & ' = , -' -33 211 &)& 2&,1
3, & ,(16 1 , 8 *)1%& ,,(3 B(32
(3 & '( 3 8' & 2&'(8(2'( 3 *) -'% &(4 ,6 &1 31

1.7.8. STORAGE AND PRESERVATION


' & 8 ,2
-. 3' 3, & 2&,1 1% * '% & 16 31(*((') 8 '% & 16 2
'(7
231'&-2
'( 3 & -65 '( (' (1 % 3, , 7& 8 & 1' & (3 23'& (4 ,8 2
( (')
3'& (4 ,> 2
-. 3' 3, 2&, ' & ; 2
( (')1% * 2' , 3,231'&-2
' ,1
1 ' 6& ' 2
' '% & 2&,1 8& . 6 11(* , . & , 1'&-2
'( 3 *)1-2
% 2-1 1 1 8(& 5
8 ,(3 5 (31 2
'15 & , 3'1 3, 8& . 6 11(* , ' &( & '( 3 *) ,7&1 37(& 3. 3'
23,('( 31 1-2
% 1 ' .6 & '-& 3,%-.(,(') %(1 8 2
( (')=( % 7 23'& 6& 2,-& 1
' 3 * '% 8 =(3 F

0 2
211 23'& 8 & 6 &1 31
*0 ,)& '&( 7 8 3), 1(& ,& 2&,1
2
0 316 2
'( 3 3,. (3' 3 32 8 & 2&,1

- 62 -
316 2
'( 3 8 '% 1' & 8 2
( (')1% * -3, &' +3 ' 1' '=(2 ) & ' 31-&
'% '5

/
(0 % 8 2
( (')1% * , 9- ' 3,'% 3 211 &) 37(& 3. 3' 3, '% &
& ' 2
'(7 . 1-& 1 & (3 88 2
'
/
((0 % & 2&,1 & -6, ' ,& - &)
/
(((0 .6(3 (316 2
'( 3 8 & 2&,1 (1 , 3 ' 2
% 2
+ 16 2
'1 1-2
% 1 & 2(6'5
23'& 5 & '&( 7*((') 3, 1 ' 31-& '% ' & 2&,1 & 3 ' , ' &( & '(3 ,-
' (.6& 6 & % 3,(3 & 1' & 6& 2
'(21
; & '% 6-&6 1 8 1' & 8 > 2
-. 3'1 3, 2&,1 . 3' 8 & '% (8 '(. 8 '%
3'5 6 &. 3 3' 1' & 8 2
( (') 1% * 1' *(1% , 6&( & ' 2.. 32. 3' 8
2..(11( 3(3 2
'(7('( 1

1.7.9. RECORDS INSPECTION

316 2
'( 3 8 '% 2&,1 (1 2&&( , -' 3 23'(3- * 1(1 *)6 &1 31 & 16 31(* 8 &
1' & 8 & 2&,1 % 1 & 1 (316 2
' , *)'% & -6 ' 1' 32 (3 '%&
. 3'%1 2&,1 8 (316 2
'( 3 & . (3' (3 ,

% & 2&,1' & 8 2


( (')(1 (316 2
' , ' 1' 32 (3 ) &' 31-& , 9- 2
) 3,
8 & -6' , ' . (3' 3 32 8 '% & 2&,1 .6(3 316 2
'( 3 8 '% & 2&,1 (1 2&&( ,
-' ' 7&(8)'% & 2&,1)1' .

- 63 -
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION

INDEX

>

> >

;; >

A ; "

> > "

"

# ; ! >

;>

- 64 -
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION

- (') 11-& 32 8 (7( 231'&-2


'( 3 (1 27& ,-3, & '%(1 2
% 6' & 3,(1 ' * & ,
3 =('% & 73' (7( ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 31 1 1 ' -' (3 '% ' 3, & , 2
-. 3'15
16 2
(8(2'( 31 6& 7(, ,(3 '% , 1( 3 ,& =(3 15 $ ' 3, &,1 3, 66(2* ,& =(3 15
'2 8 & 32 ' (316 2
'( 35 ' 1'1 3, 16 2
( 6& 211 15 6& 2,-& 15
1' 3, &,15 2
26' 32 2
&(' &( 3,1 .6(3 6 31 & 1 (3,(2' ,% & (3 % % ,
6 (3'1 * ) 3,=%(2
% '% 2
'(7(')(1 3 ' ' 6& 2 ,-3'( '% & 9-(& ,(316 2
'( 31 & ' 1'1
% 7 1% =3 1 '(18 2
' &)& 1-'1 & = (3,(2' ,(3 '% - (') 11-& 32 31

3 & 16 2
'1 8 - (') 11-& 32 ,-&(3 '% 6& <2
' 231'&-2
'( 3 6% 1 7(4 3 &
& 9-(& . 3'15 7&( -1 8-32
'( 31 (+ . 3 . 3'5 6 &8 &. 325 7&(8(2'( 3 3,
2&& 2
'(7 8-32
'( 315 & 2&,15 & 3(1 '( 3 2
% &'1 '2 & 27& ,(3 % 6' & 8 '%(1
. 3-

3,(7(,- 6 2
+ 23'& 2
' &1 1% 6& 6 & '% (& =3 - (') 11-& 32 3- 1 (3 (3
=('% '%(1 . 3- 8 $!

(1'1 8 6& 2,-& 15 - (')6 315 8 &. '15 '26 &' (3(3 ' '%(1 2
% 6' & &
66 3, , ' '%(1 2
% 6' & % 23'& 2
' & 1% 6& 6 & '% ,2
-. 3'1 1-2
% 1
. 3- 15 6& 2,-& 15 6 315 8 &. '1 '2 3,1-*.(' ' 231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 8
$! 8 & 66& 7 % 23'& 2
' & 1% 6 &8 &. '% 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 1 6&
'% 1 66& 7,, 2
-. 3'1

& 6 & '( 3 8 8 -3, '( 3 6&( & ' 6 2. 3' 8 232
& ' (1 %( % )16 2
( (1 ,= &+
31-& 1 '(18 2
' &)6 &8 &. 32 8 '% = &+5 (' (1 3 211 &)' % 7 7&)1'&(3 3'
- (') 11-& 32 6& & ..

% 8 =(3 3,( 3 ' 3, &,15 -3 11 '% &=(1 16 2


(8( ,5 =( * 66(2* 8 &
2&&)(3 -' 7&( -1 2
'(7
('( 1 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 8 8 -3, '( 3
F A 8 ')2, 8 & I27'( 3
F " A 8 ')2, 8 & * 1'(3 3,& ' ,,&( (3 6 & '( 31
- 65 -
F A 2.. 3, '( 31 8 & 6& 11-& & -'(3 8& 2
+8 -3, '( 31 (3 &(7& 7 )
& <2
'1
F #A '% ,8 & 23,-2
'(3 6-A -' ' 1'1 3 32
% & * &1 3, 32
% & * '1

<&*;*-
).(

% I27'( 3 8 & 7&( -1 6 3' 1'&-2


'-& 1 1% * 2&&( , -' 1 6 & 16 2
(8(2'( 3
3, 66& 7, ,& =(3 1

1 * -, &1 3,1 .(A, ' 2


% ,& 2
+15 3 ' ,(& 2
' )(3 '% I27'( 35 *-' 2 1
' '% & 5 1% * I27' , 3,& . 7, = ) % I27'( 3 1% * 2&&( ,
-' ' 1-2
% , 6'%15 3 '%1 3, *& ,'%1 3, 6& 8( 1 1 1% =3 (3 '% ,& =(3 1
% -, 3) I27'( 3 * 2&&( , -' * ) 3,'% 16 2
(8( , (.('15 (' 1% -,* 8( ,-6
=('% '% 1 . ')6 3,2 11 8 . ' &( 1 1 (1 6& 6 1 ,' * (, 7& '% I27' ,
6 &'( 315 -3 11 '% &=(1 16 2
(8( , (3 '% ,& =(3 1 B 16 2
(8(2'( 31

:% & 7& 3 , ,5 '% 1(, 1 8 '% I27'( 3 1% * '(.* & , 3,1% & ,-6*)
6& 6 & . '% , -2
% 1% &(3 1% * 2 1 , & 6 3 ')6 , 6 3,(3 -6 3 '% 3 '-&
8 '% 1 ( 3,, 6'% 8 6(' & '& 32
% I27'( 3 (3 % &,& 2
+1% * 3 & ), 3
*) * 1'(3 3, =% & * 1'(3 (1 3 ' 6 11(* 5 '% & 2
+ 1% * & . 7, *)
2
%(1 (3 5 = , (3 5 6(2
+(3 5 * &&(3 & *) '% & 66& 7,. '% ,1

+
*0-
)(3

$ 1'(3 1 & 9-(& ,1% * 2&&( , -' 3 )*) 2.6 ' 3' 3, I6 &( 32,1-6 &7(1 &
3, (231 ,* 1' &5 ' * .6 ),*)'% 23'& 2
' & :% & 7& & 9-(& ,5 23'& ,
* 1'(3 1% * , 6' , 8 & & ,-2
(3 7& *& + 3, 8 & 6& 73'(3 ,. ' '%
& 2
+

& ' 2
'(7 . 1-& 1 1-2
% 1 -1 8 .-88 &1 1% * & 1 &' ,' 6& 73' & 2
+6( 21
8& . 8 )(3 88 3A 2
'&(2* 1'(3 =( * -1 ,8 & I27'(3 '% & 2
+

& 2
-& . 3' 8 * 1'(3 . ' &( 5 1' & 5 6& 2-'( 31 ,-&(3 3, 8' & * 1'(3 5
(.(' '( 315 . (3' 3 32 8 I6 1(7 . 4(3 5 '& 316 &' 8 I6 1(715 ,(16 1
8 , ' &( & ' , I6 1(715 '2 1% 238 &. ' '% & 73' 16 2
(8(2'( 31 3,
,(& 2
'( 31 8 1' '-' &) -'% &('( 1

- 66 -
%=*-
%,)
(3

> = ' &(3 1% * 2&&( , -' ' 31-& '% ' '% I27'( 3 3, 1'&-2
'-& & 8&
8& . = ' & ' 1' 1 8 231'&-2
'( 3 3, . 1-& 1 ' I2-, & -3,= ' & 3,
= ' & 8& . '% & 1 -&21 1-2
% 1 -3, & & -3, 1'& .15 9-(8( &15 16&(3 15
&' 1( 315 6& 2
(6(' '( 3 & (38( '& '( 3 8& . '% 1-&8 2 8 & '2 > = ' &(3 1% *
2&&( , -' '% & - % )' . (3' (3 I27' ,6 &'( 31 & 1 3 *),&)*)-1 8 1-(' *
6-.61 & * ( (3 -' = ' & 3,1 -1% . 3- ) & *) '% & 66& 7,. 31

.(0.+
)5*-
).( ,
.1-
)(3

% 3-.* & 3, 6 '' &3 8 & -' % 1 1% * 1 6 & 16 2


(8(2'( 31 3,
,& =(3 1 % 9-(6. 3'5 6& 11-& 1 3, 6& 6 &'( 3 8 & -' .(I1 ' * -1 ,1%
1 238 &. ' '% 16 2
(8(2'( 31 3,,& =(3 1

% 8 =(3 & 6 &'1 1% * 6& 6 & , ' & - & (3' &7 1 ' 1-.. &(4 (.6 &' 3'
*1 &7'( 31 3,, '

0 % A=(1 , ' 8 & ,&( (3 5 = ' & ' 1'1 3,(3' &A233 2
'( 31
*0 6 3 1% =(3 & -' % 1' 1 3, & -' (3' +
2
0 MM 1 2
'( 3 1% =(3 ,&( (3 1' 1 3, & -' (3' +5 (3 21 8
2
-&' (3 & -'(3

" (09%&-
).(> %0-
)(3.2 .)
+> .&?1(5%, .1(5*-
).(

I27' , & 1 1% * 2 3 ,5 , *&(1 & . 7,5 3,'% 6('1 '&(.. ,' I2


'
1% 6 3, 1(4 1 * 8 & 3) 8-&'% & = &+ 1-2
% 1 6 2. 3' 8 .-, . ' 3,
& (38 &2. 3' (1 2.. 32, . 8 '% (.6 &' 3' ' 1'1 ' * 2&&( , -' * 8 &
2 & 32 8 1'& ' 8 & 231'&-2
'(3 8 -3, '( 3 & F
' '(2 ' , 1'
' 3, &, 3 '& '( 3 1'
(1.(2 & 11 ! 1'
3(7&1 C2
+(3 1'
& 11-& ' & 1'
* & ' &) 1'
('% & 6%
$ 2
+% & 1'1
2
+> 8 &. '( 3 1'1
- 67 -
)2(2 ' , 1'1
$ 2
+ (*& '( 3 1'1
: ' & 11 1'1
% * 7 ' 1'1 1% * 23,-2
' , 1 6 & 1' 3, &,1 =% & 7& 1 16 2
(8( , (3 '%
,& =(3 1 *), 1( 3 &1

& 231'&-2
'( 3 7&(8(2'( 3 1% (32-, '% 8 =(3 F

0 ' &( 1 B 3 & ,( 3'1 -1 ,(3 6& ,-2


'( 3 8 232
& ' 5

*0 ' &( 1 -1 ,(3 231'&-2


'( 3 3,

2
0 31'&-2
'( 3 6& 211 1

"

& (4 5 '% -3(8 &. 9- (') 8 232


& ' 8 & 9-(& ,1'& 3 '% 3,,-& *((')' 11-&
1 '(18 2
' &)1 &7(2 '%& - % -' '% (3' 3, , 6 & '(3 (8 8 '% 1'&-2
'-& 5 ,-
9- (8(2'( 3 8 (3 & ,( 3' . ' &( 15 . '% , 8 6& ,-2
'( 35 6 2. 3'5 2.6 2
'( 35
8(3(1%(3 3, 2
-&(3 & 2&&( , -' ')6(2 8 = 2
% &' 1% =(3 7&( -1 8 2
' &1
,(3 ' 6& ,-2
'( 3 8 , -3(8 &. 232
& ' (1 1% =3 (3 6 A"

> 1( 3(3 8 232


& ' .(I1 (1 -3, &' +3 ' 11-& 3 2
2-& ' -(, 8 & 1 2
'(3 '%
* 1' 2.*(3 '( 3 8 (3 & ,( 3'1 1 1 ' 2
%( 7 '% , 1(& * 6& 6 &'( 1 8 232
& '
12
% . '(2& 6& 1 3' '( 3 8 & 6& 2,-& 8 232
& ' .(I, 1( 3 (1 1% =3 (3 6 A"

* & ' &)' 1'1 & '(3 ' 232


& ' (3 & ,( 3'1 =( * 2&&( , -' *) 32
( 1 1
(3,(2' , (3 '% ' *1 % & 16 31(*((') 8 & 6& ,-2
'( 3 3, 6 2. 3' 8 9- (')
232
& ' (1 & 1' ,=('% '% 23'& 2
' & 3 3 & 5 ' 1'(3 (1 2&&( , -' (3 '% * & ' &)
' 1(' *)'% 23'& 2
' & 3, 66& 7,*) / 31'&-2
'( 30 & -6 % ' 1'15 =%(2
%
233 ' * 23,-2
' ,(3 '%(1 * & ' &)
5 & && 3 ,(3 '% & 9- (8( , * & ' &( 1 =('%
'% 66& 7 8 / 31'&-2
'( 30 & -6

% 8 =(3 232
& ' (3 & ,( 3' . ' &( 1 & 6& 2
-& , 3, (3,-2
' , (3' = &+1 3
'% (& 2.6)(3 =('% 66(2* 6 31

0 . 3'
*0 &1 & ' /
* '% 3 &. 3,% 7)0
2
0 ;(3 & ' /* '% 3 &. 3,% 7)0
- 68 -
,0: ' &
0 32
& ' ,.(I
'-&
80 ' 1% '1
0! . '(' 5 3 '('
%0 2

" ,
.-%&-
).(.2 .(&,
%-% (3,
%5)
%(- *-
%,)
*+0

% 1' 2
+ 6( 1 8 & ' 1 =( * 8 &. , 1 1 ' 6& 73' 1 & '( 3 %
, 6 1('( 3 3,& . 7 '% & 8& . =( * , 3 (3 1-2
% . 33 & 1 1 ' . (3' (3 '%
-3(8 &.(') 8 '% 1' 2
+6( % 1(, 1 6 8 1' 2
+6( 1 8 & ' 1% * +6'
8 '' & '% 3 '% 3 8 & 61 ' 6& 73' 2
2-.- '( 3 8 2 &1 . ' &( ' '%
* '' . 8 '% 1 6

,.(I'-& & 1-2


% ,,('(71 1% * -1 ,=('%(3 '% (& 1% 8 (8 8 3 ) & 1 16 2
(8( ,
*)'% . 3-8 2
'-& & % 23' (3 &1 1% * 1' & , 3 & (1 ,6 '8 &. 3,6& ' 2
' ,
8& . 1-35 & (35 =(3, 3, . (1'-& % . ' &( 1 3, 1' & 6 21 1% *
6 &( ,(2 )(316 2
' , % (,1 8 '% 23' (3 & 1% * (3 6& 6 & )1 ,23,('( 3
'%& - %5 1 '% ' 3'&) 8 . (1'-& B& (3 = ' & '2 & 7 (, , 3, 23' .(3 '( 3 (1
6& 73' ,

#
% 8 =(3 . <& 231'&-2
'( 3 . ' &( 1 & 6& 2
-& , 3, (3,-2
' , (3' = &+1 3
'% (& 2.6)(3 =('% 66(2* 6 31
0 (38 &2. 3' '
*0 '&-2
'-& '
2
0 : ' & 1' 66 & A 5 5 D 66 &
,0 )1-6%(, -+(3 .6 -3,
0 6I
) (3'
80 & 6 I)
0 -&8 2 ' &, &
%0 6& 3 ,1
(0 I6 3, , )
1')& 3 $ &,1
<
0 3' & . 3' : ' & & 8(3 .6 -3,1
+0 66 & 3,-2
' &1

- 69 -
$

2
+ 615 (8 3) & (, 3'(8( , 3,2&&( , -' = (3 ,732 8 '% 231'&-2
'( 3
2
'(7('( 1

31'&-2
'( 3 6& 211 1% (32-, '% 8 =(3 F

0 )(3 5 6 2
(3 3,*(3,(3 8 & (38 &2. 3'
*0 ; &. : &+
2
0 ;(I(3 8 .* ,, , &'1
,0 & ,-2
'( 35 & 316 &' '( 3 8 32
& '
0 2. 3'5 2.6 2
'( 3 3,2
-&(3 8 32
& '
80 & -'(3 6 & '( 3
0 316 2
'( 3 3, 1'(3 2
'(7('( 1
%0 6 (&1 (8 3)
5
(0 2
26' 32 8 1' B 316 2
'( 3 & 1-'1

$ *4)
(3@ +
*&)
(3*(5 )
(5)
(3.2 %)
(2.,
&%6%(-

(38 &2. 3' * &1 & * 3' (3 2.6( 32 =('% (38 &2. 3' 1% * (,(3
1 9- 3'( )&1 8 =(3 66& 7,,& =(3 1 3,=('%(3 '% ' & 321 (73 (3
61 1% * 6& 7(, ,1'&(2
' ) 1 6 & '% ,& =(3 1 &' & * 2
+1 8 16 2
(8( , & , 3,
1(4 1% * '( ,8 & 6& 7
(,(3 27& ' & (38 &2. 3' * &1

$ .,
6 A.,
?

; &.1 1% 238 &. ' '% 1% 6 15 (3 15 & ,1 3, ,(. 31( 31 (32-,(3 2.* &5
& 71 3,6& <2
'( 31 1 2 ,8 & (3 '% ,& =(3 1 .6 1'&-'15 = &15 *& 215
'2 1% * -1 , ' % , '% 8 &.1 (3 6& 6 & 6 1('( 3 =('% -' 3) ,(1' &'( 3
=% '1 7& -3'( '% 232
& ' % 1 1 ' 1-88(2
( 3' ) ' 6 &.(' & . 7 8 8 &.1 ; &.
= &+ 1% * &( (, 3, 1'& 3 3 -% ' =('%1' 3, 3) 88 2
' 8 7(*& '( 3
6& 2
'(2 ) =('% -' 3), 8 2
'( 35 *- (3 5 ,(1' &'( 3 & 1 3(3 8 ('1 1-66 &'1
; &.1 =( * *& 2,5 1'&-'' ,5 6& 66 , 3,1 1-66 &' ,'% ' (' 1% 3 ' , 8 &. -3, &
= ( %' 3, 6& 11-& 8 '% =' 3, % &, 3 , 232
& ' 5 3, 1 ,- ' '%
231'&-2
'( 3 8 2
( ('( 1

- 70 -
$ )
<)(3.2 6:%55%5 *,
-0

.* ,, ,6 &'1 1% * ( 3 ,=('%(3 '% ' & 32 (.('1 (3,(2' ,(3 '% 231'&-2
'( 3
,& =(3 1 3 ,,('( 35 16 2
(8(22
&('(2 1 1% * ( 3 ,' 73 2 1 & ' & 321 1
6 & '% (3' &8 2
(3 1)1' . & 9-(& . 3' 1 1% * 1 2
-& )8(I,(3 1-2
% . 33 &
'% ' ,-&(3 232
& ' 6 2. 3' 6& 211 '% 1 & 3 ' 1-*<2
' ,' 3),(1'-&* 321

$ +
*&%6%(-.2 .(&,
%-%

32
& ' 8 & , 1 16 2
(8( , (3 '% ,& =(3 1 3, 6& ,-2, (3 1)1' . '(2 3,
1' *(1% , . 33 & ' * '2
%(3 6 3' 1% * '& 316 &' , ' '% 6 -&(3 6 (3' 3,
6 2,(3 '% 6 -&1 1 , 1(& ,*)'% 1(' * 1 , 3 1(' 23,('( 31 & 1% * ' +3
(3 31-&(3 '% 6 2. 3' (3 1)1' . '(2 = ) '%& - % 3 66& 7, 231'&-2
'( 3
. '% , ) 3 ) ' '% , 1( 3 * 1(1 & ' 6 & % -& 3,1 1' 7 (, 3), 8 2
'1 1-2
%
1 % 3 )2.*5 -3, & B 7& 7(*& '( 35 * ,(3 5 2 ,<(3' '2

$" 1,
)(3

-&(3 1% * 2&&( , -' 1 16 2


(8( , 316 2
'( 31 1% -,* 6 &8 &. ,'%& - % -' '%
16 2
(8( ,2
-&(3 6 &( , ' 7&(8)'% ' '% 2
-&(3 & 9-(& . 3'1 & ,% & , ' -2
%
(316 2
'( 3 1% 27&F
0 (1'-& 23'&
*0 .6 & '-& 23'&
2
0 1 82
-&(3 2.6 -3,1 3,
,0 ' 3'( 3 '(. 8 1% &(3 3,8 &. = &+

'% 1'&-2
'-& 1 1% * 7(1- )(316 2
' ,(.. ,( ' ) 8' & , 1%-'' &(3 %(1 6 1'
232
& '(3 (316 2
'( 3 1% * 2&&( , -' *)'% 23'& 2
' & :% & & 9-(& ,5 '% 1 =(
* , 3 <(3' )*)$! @
1 3 (3 & /(7(0
5 3 (3 & / 0 3, 3'& 2
' &@
1 3 (3 &1
; & 6 -&1 (37 7(3 232
& ' 9- 3'(') . & '% 3 -.5 1' 32
& '(3
316 2
'( 3 8 &. ' 1% * -1 ,8 & & 2&,(3 '% 1 8(3,(3 1 ,8 2
'1 1-2
% 1% 3 )
2.*(3 5 *- (3 3, 3 3A1 ''(3 1% * & 2&, , 6& 8 & *) (7(3 2'( 31 3,
,(. 31( 315 1 8 & 1 6 11(* 2
'(8(2'( 3 1% * ,3 1 6 & '% 6& 2,-& 1
66& 7,*)$! '% & 6 (&1 1% * 6& 6 & ), 2
-. 3' ,(3 '% 6 1' 232
& '
(316 2
'( 3 8 &. '1

- 71 -
316 2
'( 3 1% * 6 &8 &. , ' 7&(8) '% ' 16 2
(8( , 8(3(1% 15 (+ = ,8 '5 1'
'& = & 1 21' & *' (3 , 3) (3,(2'( 31 1-2
% 1 -3, & 7(*& '( 315 7 (,15
(.6& 6 & * 3,(3 & 23' .(3 '( 3 1-2
% 1 ' 231'&-2
'( 3 <(3' 1% * I
6& ,
*) 6%)1(2 & . 7 8 232
& ' (8 3 211 &) ' , ' &.(3 '% (& I' 3' 3,
66& 6&( ' & 6 (&1 . , 3,, 2
-. 3' ,

1' (31' '( 3 ' 1'(3 8 23' (3. 3' 1'&-2


'-& 1% * 2&&( , -' '% & - % )(3
1' 1 1 6 & & 9-(& , 1' 3, &,15 16 2
(8(2'( 31 3, 1 6 & '% 66& 7, ' 1'
6& 2,-& >-&(3 1-2
% ' 1'5 (8 3) + B, 8 2
'1 (3 '% 1-&8 2 8 232
& '
23' (3. 3' 1'&-2
'-& (1 3 '(2,5 1-2
% + 3, , 8 2
'1 1% * & 2
'(8( ,' '%
1 '(18 2
'( 3 8 $!

(1' 8 . 3- 1
(1' 8 6& 2,-& 1
(1' 8 1' 3, &, 2
% &'1
(1' 8 1' 3, &, 6 31
(1' 8 8 &. '1
; =2
% &' 1% =(3 6& ,-2
'( 3 8 ,-3(8 &. 232
& '
2
% . '(2,( & . 8 & , 1( 3(3 8 232
& ' .(I

.-
% / % *7 (1'1 & 3 ) (3,(2'(7 ,,('( 3 3- 15 & 2,-& 15
'% , ( 15 % &'15 1 3,; &. '1 1 & 9-(& , 1% * 8 &.- ' , *)
'% 23'& 2
' & 3, 66& 7,*)$!

- 72 -
;

3- 8 & 6& 2
-& . 3'5. 3-8 2
'-&(3 3,231'&-2
'( 3 (11- ,*)$!

3- 1 (11- ,*) 23'& 2


' &1

- 73 -
; >

Q (7( : &+1 F

& 2,-& 8 & I27'( 3 (3 & 2


+*)* 1'(3
& 2,-& 8 & 231 (, '( 3 & -'(3 8 8 -3, '( 3 & 2
+1
& 2,-& 8 & * 2
+8( (3 3,2.6 2
'( 3
& 2,-& 8 & - (8(2'( 3 8 ,.(I'-&
& 2,-& 8 & 6 2. 3' 8 232
& ' 8 & . <& 6 -&1 (3 $ & 8'5 $& 85
. '5 *2
+D1' 2
+
& 2,-& 8 & 6 2. 3' 8 232
& ' *)6-.6(3
& 2,-& 8 & & 32
-''(3 8 232
& ' 1-&8 2
" & 2,-& 8 & . 3' $ 1 , & '. 3'
# & 2,-& 8 & 1 (2
(3 5 = ,(3 5 2-6(3 8 A* &1

$Q - (') 3'& B 32
& ' 1'(3 * & ' &)= &+1

& 2,-& ; & .6& 11(7 '& 3 '% 1' 8 32


& ' 62
(. 31
& 2,-& ; & ; I-& '& 3 '% 8 -, ,; I-& 1' 6 2
(. 31
& 2,-& ; & > ' &.(3(3 ''(3 (. 8 32
& '
& 2,-& 8 1' ; & 6(' 31( '& 3 '% 8 32
& ' )(3, &1
& 2,-& ; & '% ,--1 8 1'(2
(')*). 31 8 .6& 11 . ' &
& 2,-& 8 & (*& '( 3 8 .6& 11( 3 1'(3 2
%(3
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 : &+*((')-1(3 1 -.623
" & 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 (& 3' 3' 8 ;& 1% ) (I, 32
& '
# & 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 3(' : ( %' 8 ;& 1% ) (I, 32
& '
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 $ ,(3 8 32
& '
& 2,-& 8 & 1'(3 '% -*(2 5 )(3,&(2 D$ . -,1
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 & ' &-1%(3 -
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 & ' .6 2
' -
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 & ' *& 1( 3 -

- 74 -
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 ; +(3 11 3, I 8 &1 & '
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 3 '( 3 3, I 8 &1 & '
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 -3,3 11 8 & ' 1
" & 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 6 2
(8(2 & 7(') 8 ;(3 & '
# & 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 6 2
(8(2 & 7(') 8 &1 & '
& 2,-& 8 & ( 7 3 )1(1 8 &1 3,;(3 & '
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 31(1' 32
) 8 ' 3, &, . 3' 1'
& 2,-& 8 & .6& 11(7 '& 3 '% 1' 8 . 3' 6 2
(. 31
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 6 2
(8(2 & 7(') 8 . 3'
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 3'( 3,;(3 1 ''(3 (. 1 8 . 3'
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 ;(3 3 11 *) 6 2
(8(2 -&8 2 *)$ (3 (& &. *((') '% ,
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 -3,3 11 8 . 3' *) 2
% '( & '% ,
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 -3,3 11 8 . 3' *) -' 2 7 '% ,
" & 2,-& 8 & >(. 31( 3 2
% 2
+ 8 $&(2
+1

# & 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 : ' & *1 &6'( 3 8 $&(2
+1
& 2,-& 8 & > ' &.(3 '( 3 8 .6& 11(7 '& 3 '% 8 $&(2
+1

- 75 -
> > !

% - (') 11-& 32 ' 3, &, % &'1 =( * 2.6( , (3,(2'(3 '%


& 9-(& . 3'1 8 & 73' 1' 3, &,1 3, 16 2
(8(2'( 315 ' * ,% & ,'

% &' & ,(3 8 &1 & '


% &' & ,(3 8 ;(3 & ' 1
% &' %)1(2 9-(& . 3' 8 & ,.(I'-&

- 76 -
; > >

% - (') 11-& 32 31 8 & '% 8 =(3 =( * 2.6( , (3,(2'(3 '%


& 9-(& . 3'1 8 & 73' 1' 3, &,1 3, 16 2
(8(2'( 315 ' * ,% & ,' > ' (1
8 '% 8& 9- 32
) 8 7 &(8(2'( 3 3, 32
( 1 & 16 31(* 8 & 6 &8 &. 32 3,
7&(8(2'( 3 =( 1 * (3,(2' , % 2
% & 2
' &(1'(2
1 8 (' .1 B 2
'(7('( 1 ' *
(316 2
' ,D ' 1' , 3, 66(2* 2, 1 B 1' 3, &,' * 1 (7(3 & 9-(& . 3'1
=( * (3,(2' , -&7) 8 6& * * 1 -&21 ' 11 11 , 9- 2
) 8 1-66) 8
. ' &( ' 1 '(18) 16 2
(8( , 9- (')=('% & 8 & 321 ' 2, 15 1' 3, &,1 3,
16 2
(8(2'( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1 =( 1 * (3,(2' ,

I27'( 3 = &+
> = ' &(3

. 3'
&1 3,;(3 & ' /
3 &. D! 7
)0
(I(3 = ' &B(2 /
2&-1% ,0
32
& ' ,.(I'-&
& 2
-& . 3'5 (31' '( 3 '2 8 & ' 6& 211(3 5 * '2
%(3 3,.(I(3
6 3' D2
%( (3 6 3' '2

" & ,-2


'( 3 8 232
& '
# & 316 &' '( 3 8 232
& '
; &. = &+B1%-'' &(3
2. 3' 8 232
& '
.6(3 3, 1'(3 8 32
& '
32
& ' *)6-.6(3
$ & 8'

6 (& 8 232& '


& -'(3 B >&)6 2+
$ 2
+8( (3
" (38 &2. 3' * &1 8 & 232
& '
# : ,(3 B 16(2
(3 B . 2
% 3(2 2-6(3 8 * &1
2. 3' 8 *&(2'( 3 8 232
& ' & (38 &2. 3' * &1

- 77 -
& 2
-& . 3' 3, & 2
'( 3 8 (3 &
& 2
-& . 3' D8 *&(2'( 3 8 '&-2
'-& 1'
& 2
'( 3 8 '&-2
'-& 1'
& 2
-& . 3' 3,8 *&(2'( 3 8 .* ,, ,6 &'1
& 2
'( 3 8 .* ,, ,6 &'1

& 2,-& 8 & '& '. 3' 8 (3' &8 & 32 8 - 1 =('% * &1

: ' &A6& 8(3 B 31- '( 3 8 -3, & & -3,1'&-2


'-& 1

" ; &(3

# ' 3 B $&(2
+. 1 3&) 3,6 1' &(3

& 2
-& . 3'5 1' & 3,(31' '( 3 8 & -'(3 . ' &(

& 2
-& . 3' 8 6 (3'1 3,6 (3'(3
(3'(3 8 6(6 1 6(6 1-66 &'15 9-(6. 3' 3, (12 '&-2
'-& 1 (3 (3
6 3' &

(*& '( 3 & 9-(& . 3' 8 (31'&-. 3'1

- 78 -
;

- (') 11-& 32 8 &. '1 =( * -1 , (3,(2'(3 '% & 9-(& . 3'1 8 & 73'
1' 3, &,1 3, 16 2
(8(2'( 315 ' * ,% & ,' % 8 &. '1 & ,(1'(3 -(1% , 1
1(' 8 &. '1 3, *8 &. '1 * 1 , 3 '% (& 1 &7(2 &
)
-% .,
6*-
0/

% 8 =(3 - (') 11-& 32 8 &. '1 & -1 ,8 & . (3' (3(3 & 2&,1 ' ('
% 1 8 &.1 & 8( , ' 66& 6&( ' 6 21 * 1 , 3 3, 3' &5 I2
-'( 3 & '2 % 1
8 &. '1 1% 8 &. 6 &' 8 & 16 2
'(7 6& 2,-& 1 ' * 6& 6 & ,*)'% 23'& 2
' &8 &
I2
-'(3 7&( -1 2
'(7('( 1

<&*;*-
).(> ,
.1-
)(3 .,
6*-
0F

$ 1'(3 2
'(7(')

-&' (3 B 31 (, '( 3 & -'(3

.(&,
%-% .1, (09%&-
).( .,
6*-
0F

32
& ' -& & 32 &,

1'A 32
& ' 316 2
'( 3 &,

$ & % A,&( (3 6 &'

: ' &? 11 1'

31 (, '( 3 & -'(3 6 &'

!),& 1' 8 & -' -*

.(&,
%-% %0-
)(3 *: > *-
&')
(3 +
*(- .,
6*-
0

32
& ' 62
(. 3 1'(3
> ' &.(3 '( 3 8 ,--1 8 1'(2
(')*) .6& 11 . ' &
(*& '( 3 8 1' 31'&-. 3'1
&1 & ' 1' 6 &'
;(3 & ' 1' 6 &'
-3,3 11 1' 6 &' 8 &1 & '
-3,3 11 1' 6 &' 8 ;(3 & '
-3,3 115 6 2
(8(2 & 7
(')D 6 2
(8(21-&8 2 1' 8 . 3'
. 3' 1' > ' / (1' &0
- 79 -
. 3' 1' 6 &'
3'% ) . 3' 1' 1-'1 6 &'
32
& ' 62
(. 3 1' & 6 &'
32
& ' (I> 1( 3
32
& ' - 3'(') 6 &'
32
& ' '& 3 '% 6 &'
$&(2
+ 1' 6 &'
( 1' 6 &'
(38 &2. 3' 3(' : ( %' 1' 6 &'
1'(3 8 &1 & ' ( 7 3 )1(1 / ..0
1'(3 8 &1 & ' ( 7 3 )1(1 / ..0
&1 & ' ; +(3 11 3, I
&1 & ' 3 '( 3 3, I
1'(3 8 &1 & '
1'(3 8 ;(3 & ' ( 7 3 )1(1
1'(3 8 ;(3 & '
1'(3 8 ,.(I'-&
! 7) & ' 62
(8(2 & 7(') 1' 6 &'
(*& '( 3 8 : ( %(3 2 1
32
& ' 9-(1('( 3
32
& ' ' &'(3 (6
32
& ' $ '2
% : ( %' 6 &'
32
& ' > 16 '2
% (6
32
& ' 62
(. 3 .6 > '
32
& ' 2. 3' 2&,1
7& $ 2
+ 1'(3 > ' (1
&. *((') 1' 3 32
& ' 62
(. 3
' F % 1 8 &.1 & 8( , ' 66& 6&( ' 6 21 * 1 , 3 (3, 3' &5 I2
-'( 3 & '2
7(4 1(' * '2
%(3 6 3'5 .(I(3 6 3' 3,' 1'(3 * & ' &)

- 80 -
FLOW CHART SHOWING PRODUCTION OF
GOOD UNIFORM CONCRETE

WATER TIGHTNESS, LOW WATER


LOW VOLUME CHANGE, CEMENT RATIO,
STABLE AGGREGATE, HIGH STRENGTH,
SUITABLE CEMENT, DENSE CONCRETE,
HOMOGENEOUS ADEQUATE CURING,
CONCRETE, SPECIAL FINISH
PLACEMENT
TEMPERATURE,
LOW WATER CEMENT
RATIO,

RESISTANCE TO
RESISTANCE TO ADVERSE
WEAR CHEMICAL
REACTIONS

RESISTANCE TO
WEATHERING

DURABILITY

GOOD
UNIFORM
CONCRETE
STRENGTH

ECONOMY

GOOD QUALITY OF PASTE, EFFECTIVE USE OF


WELL SELECTED INGREDIENTS, EFFECTIVE
INGREDIENTS, OPERATION,
APPROPRIATE CEMENT, EASE OF HANDLING,
DENSE CONCRETE MINIMUM WASTE

- 81 -
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR DESIGN OF CONCRETE MIX
STRUCTURAL
REQUIREMENTS

CHARACTERISTIC
STRENGTH

ACCEPTED
DEGREE OF FAILURE
TARGET MEAN
QUALITY PROBABILITY
STRENGTH
CONTROL FACTORS

EXPOSURE
QUALITY OF DURABILITY
WATER CEMENT
CHEMICAL CONDITIONS
RATIO
ATTACK,
SIZE OF POUR AGE AT WHICH
STRENGTH IS
WATER CONTENT PER M 3 REQUIRED
CONSISTENCY % OF FINE TO TOTAL
REQUIREMENTS VOLUME OF AGGREGATE
% OF AIR SIZE, SHAPE AND
TYPE OF COARSE
AGGREGATE
QUANTITIES OF CONCRETE
INGRADIENTS IN M3

DESIGNED CONCRETE MIX


PROPORTIONS

Is trial mix performance adequate? yes/no. If


Yes, Design Concrete Mix is finalized. If No, Re
evaluate and conduct fresh trials.

CAPACITY OF CONCRETE MIX PLANT

WEIGHT OF INGREDIENTS PER BATCH

- 82 -
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION

INDEX

>

> D "
"
5 5 >
: N > N $ 5 >
$ A !

A ; "

A ; ""

> ; "#

; > > #

> #
#
; ; >

A #

" > ; #

# > ! #

; $ B ! C$ #

5 $ > ; #
: N

5 $ > ; #"
: N

5 $ > ; $ A
! : N

- 83 -
3.
%(1 2
% 6' & , 12
&(* 1 '% 1 ( 3' 16 2
'1 8 '% - (') 11-& 32 6& & .. 3,
-(, (3 1 3 6& 211 23'& 2
'(7('( 1 ,-&(3 231'&-2
'( 35 (31' '( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3,
' 1'(3 8 . 2
% 3(2 = &+1 2&&( , -' *)'% 8 =(3 231'&-2
'( 3 & -61 3,'%
23'& 2
' &1 -3, & '% (& 23'& F

• -2 & ' . -66) )


1' . / 0 & -6
• (6(3 & -6
• $ 32 8 3' A 2
% 3(2 /
$ A 2
%0 & -6
= &+1 & I2
-' , 1 6 & ' 2
%3(2 16 2
(8(2'( 315 , 1( 3 ,& =(3 1 3, 66(2*
2, 1 3,1' 3, &,1 % 23'& 6 (3'1 8 & 7&( -1 9- (')& ' ,2
'(7('( 1 & *& - %'
-' (3 '% & 16 2
'(7 - (') 11-& 32 31

3 & 16 2
'1 8 - (') 11-& 32 ,-&(3 '% 6& <2
' 231'&-2
'( 3 6% 1 7(4 3 &
& 9-(& . 3'15 7&( -1 8-32
'( 31 1-2
% 1 . 3 . 3'5 6 &8 &. 325 7&(8(2'( 3 3,
2&& 2
'(7 8-32
'( 315 & 2&,1 3, & 3(4 '( 3 2
% &'1 & 7( * (3 % 6' & 8 '%(1
. 3-

@
@ A B B
@

& 8- 3, , ' ( , 6 33(3 5 I2


-'( 3 3, , 2
-. 3' '( 3 1% * -3, &' +3 '
11-& '% ' 16 2
(8( , 9- (')1% * (.6 &' ,' '% = &+1 I2
-' ,*) 2
% 8 '%
'%& & -61 . 3'( 3 , * 7 $& ,)'% 1 2
'(7('( 1 (37 7 8 =(3 F
• & A(31' '( 3 7&(8(2'( 3 / 1 6 & . 3-8 2
'-&(3 3,, 2
-. 3'10
• 3A6& 211 7&(8(2'( 3 /
,-&(3 231'&-2
'( 30
• 1'A(31' '( 3 7&(8(2'( 3 /8' & 231'&-2
'( 3 3,,-&(3 2..(11( 3(3 0
• & 1 &7'( 3 8 (31' ,1)1' .1 /8' & 231'&-2
'( 3 3,2..(11( 3(3 0

,
%)(0-
*++
*-)
.(;%,
)2)
&*-
).(
9-(6. 3' B . ' &( 1 & 2(7,8& . 73, &1@1% 61 3,. 3-8 2
'-& , ' 6 3' 1(' 1%
* & 9-(& , ' * (31' , ' 6 3' 1(' . 2
% 3(2 8 *&(2'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 ' 1('
3 & )(37 7 8 =(3 1' 1F
- 84 -
*(12
*&-
1,)
(3.2 C1)
96%(-> 40-
%60 7 )
9)(38
(0 &( & ' 2.. 32. 3' 8 8 *&(2'( 3 2
'(7('( 15 , ' ( ,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 6& 211
1% '15 11 .*) 6& 2,-& 1 3, - (') 11-& 32 31 / 0 1% *
6& 6 & , * 1 , 3 66(2* 66& 7, ,& =(3 15 16 2
(8(2'( 315 2, 1 3,
1' 3, &,1 3,1% * 66& 7,*)'% -&2
% 1 & % 1 , ' ( ,(88 & 3'
1' 1 37(1 ,(3 '% . 3-8 2
'-& 8 '% 9-(6. 3'5 7(4 5 . ' &( (316 2
'( 35
6& 2,-& 1 3,6 &1 33 9- (8(2'( 315 231-. * 15 ) -' 3,2
-''(3 6 35
,(. 31( 3 . 1-& . 3'15 3 3A, 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 35 %),& 1' '(2 ' 1' B
63 -. '(2' 1'15 1-&8 2 '& '. 3' 1-2
% 1, & 1(3 5 6(2
+(3 3,6 11(7'( 35
% (-. +' 1'(3 5 6 (3'(3 '2 1 6 & '% 16 2
(8(2'( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1 % 1
1 16 2
(8) & 7( =5 =('3 11 3, % , 6 (3'1 11( 3(3 & 16 31(*(('( 1 '
. 3-8 2
'-& &5 1-66( &5 = &+1 23'& 2
' & & '% (& -'% &(1 ,& 6& 1 3' '(715
/ 31'&-2
'( 30 & -65 232&3 , 6& <2
' I2
-'( 3 & -61 ' 1(' > ' ( ,
6& 2,-& 15 2
% 2
+(1'1 3,' 2
%3(9- 1% '1 1% * 8 &.- ' ,5 & 7( = , 3,
66& 7, ' 66& 6&( ' 71 8 & & 73' 2
'(7('( 1 1-2
% 1 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 5
= ,(3 5 3 3A, 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 35 1'& 11 & ( 7(3 5 %),& 1' '(2 ' 1'B
63 -. '(2' 1'5 1-&8 2 '& '. 3' 1-2
% 1 , & 1(3 5 6(2
+(3 3,6 11(7'( 35
% (-. +' 1'(3 5 6 (3'(3 '25 (1' ,(3 31
((0 3 66& 7 8 3,8 *&(2'( 3 , 2
-. 3'15 '% 9-(6. 3' 1% * ' +3 -6
8 & 8 *&(2'( 3 3-8 2
'-& 3, 1' (316 2
'( 31 1% 6& 2 , 1 6 & '%
66& 7, 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 , 2
-. 3'1 3 '% 73' 8 3). ,(8(2'( 31
, 1(& ,*). 3-8 2
'-& &1 B $! 5 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 ,2
-. 3'1 1%
* & 7(1 , 2
2&,(3 ) 3, 66& 7,6&( & ' (.6 . 3'(3 '% .
(((0 3 '% 8(&1' 1' 5 & = . ' &( (316 2
'( 3 1% * -3, &' +3 1' 2&'(8(2' 1
1% * 2&& ' , 3, =% & 7& 2&& '( 3 (1 3 ' 6 11(* & =% 3 ' 1'
2&'(8(2' 1 & 8 -3, (3 , 9- ' 5 3 211 &)' 1'1 1 & 9-(& , *)'% & 73'
16 2
(8(2'( 3 1% * 2&&( , -'
(70 ( 3. 3'5 8('A-65 = ,(3 3,1' > 2
'(7('( 1 1% * 2&&( , -' &
1% * ' +3 ' 7 (,B .(3(.(4 ,(1' &'( 3 (3 '% = ,. 3' 3),(123'(3-(')
& 7 , ,-&(3 3 3A, 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 3 1% * 7 - ' , 3, (8 '%
,(123'(3-('( 1 & * ) 3, 2
26' * (.('15 , 8 2
'1 1% * & 6 (& , '%
> 16 2
(8( , 8 & &( (3 & 9-(& . 3'1 1% * & 6 ' , 8' & & 6 (& 8 & '%
& 6 (& , & ' 31-& '% ' '% ,(123'(3-('( 15 (8 3)5 & =('%(3 2
26' *
(.('1

- 85 -
70 '& 11 & ( 7(3 1% * 2&&( , -'5 1 & 9-(& ,5 1 6 & '% 66& 7,
6& 2,-& 1 62
(8( , > 1% * 2&&( , -' 8' & 1'& 11 & ( 7(3 1 6 & '%
66& 7,6& 2,-& 1 : A'& (3 ,5 9- (8( , 3,2&'(8( ,6 &1 33 1% 2&&)
-' > 3, '% & & 73' (316 2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 2&,1 8 9- (8( , 3,
2&'(8( ,(316 2
'( 3 6 &1 33 1% * . (3' (3 ,*). 3-8 2
'-& &1 3,1% *
6& ,-2, 1 3,=% 3 & 9-(& ,*)$! 8 & 3 211 &)7&(8(2'( 3
7(0 3 2.6 '( 3 8 . 3-8 2
'-& 5 '% 2.6 3 3'1 1% * 11 .* , (3' 1-*A
11 .*( 1 3, 8(3 11 .*) 3, 1 (316 2
' , (3 2
2&, 32 =('% '%
66& 7, 11 .*)6& 2,-& 1
7((0 , 9- ' 3-2 & 2 3 23,('( 3 1% * . (3' (3 , 1 6 & '% 16 2
(8( ,2 11
5 $ & 8 & '% & 16 2
'(7 2.6 3 3'1 ' . 3-8 2
'-&(3 1(' 1 62
(
6& 2-'( 31 1% * ' +3 (3 21 8 2
&('(2 9-(6. 3'1 & '( 3 * '= 3
2&* 3 1' 3,1' (3 11 1' . 3-8 2
'-&(3 B % 3,(3 & 1 1% * 1'&(2
')
. (3' (3 ,' 6& 73' 6 11(* (& 3B 2&* 3 23' .(3 '( 3 (3 1' (3 11 1'
7(((0 8' & 2
% 2
+(3 8(3 ,(. 31( 315 %),& 1' '(2B 63 -. '(2B % (-. +' 1'1 1%
* 2&&( , -' 1 6 & '% & 73' 16 2
(8(2'( 31 B 6& 2,-& 1 > & 1(3 5
6(2
+(3 5 6 11(7'( 35 % (-. +' 1'(3 3,6 (3'(3 1% * 2&&( , -' 8' &
%),& 1' '(2B 63 -. '(2' 1'1 1 6 & '% 16 2
(8(2'( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1
(I0 1 *-(' ,& =(3 15 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 6& 2,-& 1 3, & 2&,1 8 7&(8(2'( 31
(32-,(3 . ' &( ' 1' 2&'(8(2' 15 ,(. 31( 3 (316 2
'( 315 & 6 &'1 8
, 1'&-2
'(7 3,3 3 , 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 315 = ,(316 2
'( 3 3,' 1' & 6 &'1
1% * ,2
-. 3' ,=('% 6& 6 & 1 &( 3-.* & 3,, ' 8 & 2
% 1)1' . 3,
11 .*)
I0 A 3, A: I1 & 3) '% & & 73' &( 3' '( 31 3, ,(& 2
'( 31 1% *
. &+, 3 2.6 3 3'1 3, 9-(6. 3'1 1 = 1 3 8-) 11 .* ,
9-(6. 3'5 1 6 & & 9-(& . 3'15 =%(2
% 1% * -1 ,(3 , 8(3(3 3, 2
%( 7(3
&( 3' '( 3 ,-&(3 11 .*)B (31' '( 3 ' 1('

'%&?0 &*,
,)%5.1-9,
).,-
. (0-
*++
*-)
.(
&( & ' ' +(3 -6 (31' '( 3 = &+5 2
% 2
+1 1% * -3, &' + 3 ' 31-&
2&& 2
'3 11 8 1-66) 8 9-(6. 3'1 3,. ' &( 1
(0 %(66(3 & 1 3,. ' &( ' 1' 2&'(8(2' 1B 1' &'(8(2' 1 1% * 7( *
8 & '% (' .1 6-&2
% 1 , 8& . '% . &+' 1-2
% 1 6(6 15 1'&-2
'-& 1' 5
8 1' 3 &1 '2

- 86 -
((0 9-(6. 3'1 . 3-8 2
'-& , 3, 11 .* , ' . 3-8 2
'-& &1 1% 6 3,1-66( ,5
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(8(2& 2&, 8 &. '1 & 9-(& , 8 & 16 2
(8(2= &+1 3, 2
'(7('( 1 1% *
6& 6 & , 3, 66 3, , ' '% & 16 2
'(7 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 & 2
'( 3 3,
(31' '( 3 6& 2,-& 1

- 102 -
F

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ELECTRICAL CONSTRUCTION

INDEX

>
> D
>

; ; B

"
> N $

; "
A ; #
A ;
; ; 5 >
>
> ;
>
;
A "
" > ; > #

> #
$ ;

>

; >
>

- 103 -
%(1 2
% 6' & , 12
&(* 1 '% 1 ( 3' 16 2
'1 8 '% 9- (') 11-& 32 6& & .. 3,
-(, (3 1 3 2
'&(2 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 ,-&(3 231'&-2
'( 35 (31' '( 35 (316 2
'( 3
3, ' 1'(3 D 2..(11( 3(3 8 & ' , 2
'&(2 = &+1 2&&( , -' *) 2
'&(2
231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 3,'% 23'& 2
' &1 -3, & '% (& 23'& = &+1 1% * 2&&( ,
-' 1 6 & , 1( 3 ,& =(3 15 16 2
(8(2'( 315 2, 1 3,1' 3, &,1 % - (') 11-& 32
31 =( 27& '% 23'& 6 (3'1 8 & 9- (')& ' ,2
'(7('( 1

3 & 16 2
'1 8 - (') 11-& 32 ,-&(3 '% 6& <2
' 231'&-2
'( 3 6% 1 7(4 3 &
& 9-(& . 3'15 7&( -1 8-32
'( 31 1-2
% 1 . 3 . 3'5 6 &8 &. 325 7&(8(2'( 3 3,
2&& 2
'(7 8-32
'( 315 & 2&,1 3, & 3(4 '( 3 2
% &'1 & 27& ,(3 % 6' & 8 '%(1
. 3-

+
%&-
,)&*+ .(0-
,1&-
).(

2
'&(2 = &+1 2&&( , -' ' 1(' 23 * 2 11(8( ,(3' '% 8 =(3 1)1' .1F

• 88 ? 1(' 6 = & 1)1' .


• 3 & ' & 3,('1 -I(( &( 1
• 11 ? 3 &. 6 = & 1-66)1)1' .
• 11 ? . & 32
) 6 = & 1-66)1)1' .1
• 11 ? 31'&-. 3' '( 3 3,23'& 6 = & 1-66)1)1' .1
• 11 ?> 31'&-. 3' '( 3 3,23'& 6 = & 1-66)1)1' .1
• &( * 16 ,,&(71 8 & '% 1 ,(-. 6-.61
• 2
'&(2 6& % '(3 1)1' .
• ( %'(3 3,6 = & 1 2
+'1
• *(3
• & -3,(3 1)1' .15 ( %' 3(3 6& ' 2
'( 3 8 & *-(,(3 1 3, 2
'&(2 9-(6. 3'
• 2
'&(2 1)1' .1 '% ' & 6 &' 8 '% & 1)1' .1

- 104 -
% 88A1(' 6 = & 1)1' .1 8 & '% 1' '( 3 1 &7(21 27& '% &(,233 2
'( 31 3,'%
6 = & 72
- '( 3 12
% . 3, '% 6 = & 1-66)12
% . 1 8 & 7&( -1 1' '( 3 -I(( &)
,1 & 9-(& ,8 & '% 1' &'-65 6 = & 3,1%-', =3 6 & '( 31 8 '% 6 3'

% 6 3' =( * 233 2
' ,' '% .( ,-B -'% &3 & ( 3 &(,' '& 31.(' '%
6= & 3 & ' , 3, '% 1 233 2
'( 31 1 6& 7(, 88 ? 1(' 6 = & 1-66) ' '%
1' '( 3 + 1-*1' '( 3 =('% 8(7 3-.* &1 8 '& 31.(11( 3 (3 1 3,, -* 2
(&2
-('
'( 1 ' + *-1 & &&(7, '

% 3 & ' & (1 ,(& 2


' )2-6 , =('% '% '-&*(3 3, '% . 2
% 3(2 (36-' 6 = & (1
237&' ,(3' 2
'&(2 6 = & % 2
'&(2 6 = & 8& . '% ' &.(3 1 8 '% 3 & ' &
8 =1 ' '% 3 & ' & '& 318 &. & 3,'% '= 3-.* &1 8 -3(' -I(( &)'& 318 &. &1
'%& - % (1 ' ,6% 1 *-1 ,-2
'1 % 1' 61 -6'% 3 & ' &7' 8 + '
+ 5 =%(2
% =( * 233 2
' ,' '% &(,'%& - % + 1-*A1' '( 3

% 3 & ' & (1 '%& 6% 1 5 +5 "" 5 " ; / (3 0


5 3, A&6.
. 2
%(3 3'& ,-2
'( 3 8 $ (1 16 2
( 8 '-& 8 '% 6 = & 1)1' .

11 6 = & 1-66) 1)1' . , &(71 ('1 6 = & 8& . ,(88 & 3' 1 -&21 8 1-66) 1
. 3'( 3 ,* =
• ;& . '% &(,'%& - % + B # + 1' '( 3 '& 318 &. &
• ;& . '% &(,'%& - % + B + 3 & ' & '& 318 &. & 3, 3-.* &1 8
B # + -3(' -I(( &)'& 318 &. & / 0=('% '% 3 & ' & *& +& +6' (3
6 3 6 1('( 3
• ;& . '% ' &.(3 1 8 '% '%& - % '% '= 3-.* &1 8 B #+ =% 3
'% 3 & ' &2
(&2
-(' *& +& (1 2 1 ,,-&(3 6 = & 3 & '( 3

% 2 11 + *-1 1 & 3 &. )1-66( ,8& . '% -3(' *-1 1 =('% '% *-1 2-6 &
8 2 11 + *-1 1 2 1 , 3,'% 8 , &1 8& . '% 1' '( 3 *-1 2
' 1 1' 3,*)

' 3,*) . & 32


)>( 1 3 & ' &1 & 6& 7(, , 1 3 1(' 1 -&21 8 6= & '
8 , '% 2 11 1-66) 1)1' . 3 ) 8 & 1-66)(3 '% ,1 =%(2
% 233 ' ' & '
(3' &&-6'( 3 8 1-66)8 & . & '% 3 8 = .(3-' 1 8 =(3 '% 11 8 '% 2 11
3 &. 1-66)8& . '% &(, % & & > 1 '1 8 26 2
(') 2
% 233 2
' ,'
3 1 2
'( 3 8 2 11 6 = & 1-66)*-1 ' + 7
- 105 -
11 5 5 1(3 6% 1 5 !4 1-66)(1 6& 7
(, ,8 & 2.6-' &15 ,(1'&(*-' ,
,( (' 23'& 9-(6. 3'1 3, '% & % &,= & & 9-(&(3 3 *& + 8 1-66) 2
' &
1 8 ') 3,1 8 ')& ' ,23'& 1)1' . 9-(6. 3' = -, 1 * 8 ,8& . '%(1 1-66)

11 " > 3, > 6 = & 1-66( 1 & 233 2


' ,' 31'&-. 3' '( 3 3,
3'& ,1 (3 '% ;$

&( * 16 , ,&(71 & 6& 7(, ,8 & '% '= 6&(. &) 3,'= 1 23, &)1 ,(-.
6-.61 % 1-66)' '% 1 ,&(71 1)1' .1 8 & 3 &. 6 & '( 3 (1 8 ,8& . '% 2 11
*-1

% 1 ,(-. 2
(&2
-('1 & 6& 7(, ,=('% 2
'&(2 6& A% '(3 && 3 . 3' % 8 =(3
2
(&2
-('1 6& 7(, ,=('% 2
'&(2 6& A% '(3 & 1-66( ,8& . '% 2 11 *-1 1
• 8 ') & , , 2)% ' & . 7 1)1' . 6(6 (3 3, 9-(6. 3'
• &(. &)1 ,(-. 6-&(8(2'( 3 1)1' .1 ,-.6 (3 1
• !),& 3 +, ' 2
'( 3 1)1' . 6(6 (3 1 3, 9-(6. 3'
• ; 1' ,-.6 (3 1 (3 '% 1 23, &)1 ,(-. 1)1' .

% 2* 1 & ,(7(, ,(3' '%& * 1(2 & -61F


• = & 2* 1
• 3'& 2* 1
• 31'&-. 3' '( 3 2* 1
% 6 = & 2* 1 & 8-&'% & & -6 ,* 1 , 3 '% 6 & '(3 7 ' 8 '% 1)1' . 3,
'% ) & ! 2* 8 & + 5 ! 2* 8 & + 3, 2* 3,* = '%
2* 1 & ; 2* 1 (3 2& 2* 1 & ' * (,(3 '& 8 ( 8 &. '( 3

*(12
*&-
1,)
(3.2 +
%&-
,)&*+ C1)
96%(-> 40-
%60

• &( & ' 2.. 32. 3' 8 . 3-8 2


'-&(3 2
'(7('( 15 , ' ( , . 3-8 2
'-&(3
6& 211 1% '15 11 .*) 6& 2,-& 1 3, - (') 11-& 32 31 1% *
6& 6 & ,* 1 , 3 66(2* 66& 7,,& =(3 15 16 2
(8(2'( 31 3,2, 1 3,
1% * 66& 7,*)'% -&2
% 1 & % 1 , ' ( ,(88 & 3' 1' 1 37(1 ,
(3 '% . 3-8 2
'-& 8 '% 9-(6. 3'5 7(4 5 . ' &( (316 2
'( 35 6& 2,-& 1 3,
6 &1 33 9- (8(2'( 315 231-. * 15 ) -' 3,2
-''(3 6 35 3 3A, 1'&-2
'(7
I.(3 '( 35 2
'&(2 3, . 2
% 3(2 ' 1'1 3, 6 (3'(3 '2 1 6 & '%

- 106 -
16 2
(8(2'( 3 & 9-(& . 3'1 % 1 1 16 2
(8) & 7( =5 =('3 11 3, % ,
6 (3'1 11( 3(3 & 16 31(*(('( 1 ' . 3-8 2
'-& &5 1-66( &5 = &+1 23'& 2
' & &
'% (& -'% &(4 , & 6& 1 3' '(715 & -61 8 $! 5 232&3 , 6& <2
'
I2
-'( 3 & -61 ' 1(' > ' ( , 6& 2,-& 15 2
% 2
+(1'1 3, ' 2
%3(9- 1% '1
1% * 8 &.- ' ,5 & 7( = , 3, 66& 7, 8 & & 73' 2
'(7('( 1 1-2
% 1
. 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 2
'&(2 3, . 2
% 3(2 ' 1'15 3 3 , 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 35
6 (3'(3 '2
• 3 66& 7 8 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 , 2
-. 3'15 '% 9-(6. 3' 1% * ' +3
-68 & . 3-8 2
'-&(3 3-8 2
'-& 3,1' (316 2
'( 31 1% 6& 2 , 1 6 &
'% 66& 7, 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 , 2
-. 3'1 3 '% 73' 8 3), 7( '( 31
, 1(& ,*). 3-8 2
'-& &1 B 6-&2
% 1 &5 3,. 3-8 2
'-&(3 , 2
-. 3'1 1%
* & 7(1 , 2
2&,(3 ) 3, 66& 7,6&( & ' (.6 . 3'(3 '% .
• 3 '% 8(&1' 1' 5 & = . ' &( (316 2
'( 3 1% * -3, &' +3 1' 2&'(8(2' 1
1% * 2&& ' , 3,=% & 7& (3+*((')(1 3 ' 1' *(1% ,5 3 211 &)' 1'1 1
& 9-(& ,*)'% & 73' 16 2
(8(2'( 3 1% * 2&&( , -' : ,(3 6& 2,-& 15
*& 4(3 6& 2,-& 15 = , &1 3,*& 4 &1 1% * 9- (8( ,
• :% & 7& = ,(3 B *& 4(3 (1 (37 7,5 1' > 2
'(7('( 1 1% * 2&&( , -'
3),(123'(3-(')& 7 ,,-&(3 3 3A, 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 3 1% * 7 -' ,
3, '% ,(123'(3-('( 1 * ) 3, 2
26' * (.(' 1% * & 6 (& , '% >
16 2
(8( ,8 & &( (3 & 9-(& . 3'1 1% * & 6 ' ,8 & '% & 6 (& , & 8' &
& 6 (& ' 31-& '% ' '% ,(123'(3-('( 1 & =('%(3 2
26' * (.('1
• : A'& (3 , 3, 9- (8( , 6 &1 33 1% 2&&) -' > 3, '% & & 73'
(316 2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 2&,1 8 9- (8( , 3,2&'(8( ,(316 2
'( 3 6 &1 33 1%
* . (3' (3 , *). 3-8 2
'-& &1 3, 1% * 6& ,-2, =% 3 & 9-(& , *)'%
6-&2
% 1 & 8 & 3 211 &)7&(8(2'( 3
• 3 2.6 '( 3 8 . 3-8 2
'-& 5 '% 2.6 3 3'1 1% * 11 .* , (3' 1-*A
11 .*( 1 3, 8(3 11 .*) 3, 1 (316 2
' , (3 2
2&, 32 =('% '%
66& 7, 11 .*)6& 2,-& 1
• 2
'&(2 3, . 2
% 3(2 ' 1'1 1% * 2&&( , -' 1 6 & '% & 73'
16 2
(8(2'( 31 B 6& 2,-& 1
• 1 *-(' ,& =(3 15 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 6& 2,-& 1 3,& 2&,1 8 9- (')1-&7( 32
(32-,(3 . ' &( ' 1' 2&'(8(2' 15 ,(. 31( 3 (316 2
'( 315 & 6 &'1 8
, 1'&-2
'(7 3,3 3 , 1'&-2
'(7 I.(3 '( 315 = ,(316 2
'( 3 3,' 1' & 6 &'1
1% * ,2
-. 3' ,=('% 6& 6 & 1 &( 3-.* & 3,, ' 8 & 2
% 1)1' .

- 107 -
B

& 8- 3, , ' ( , 6 33(3 5 I2


-'( 3 3, , 2
-. 3' '( 3 1% * -3, &' +3 '
11-& '% ' 16 2
(8( , 9- (') 1% * (.6 &' , ' '% = &+1 I2
-' , *) 2
'&(2
231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 $& ,)'% 1 2
'(7('( 1 (37 7 8 =(3 F
• & A(31' '( 3 7&(8(2'( 3
• 3A6& 211 7&(8(2'( 3
• 1'A(31' '( 3 7&(8(2'( 3
• & 1 &7'( 3 8 (31' ,1)1' .1

%0-
)(3 *&)
+)
-4*- )
-%

$ 8 & ' +(3 -6 3) 2


'&(2 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7(') ' 1(' 5 ' 1'(3 * & ' &)=('% '%
8 =(3 8 2
( ('( 1 =( * 1' *(1% , *)'% 23'& 2
' &1B$! 8 & 2&&)(3 -' '%
2 (*& '( 3 B ' 1'(3 8 2
'&(2 9-(6. 3' ' 6& <2
' 1(' F
• (1(2&, &
• ! &
• )' 1' +('
• (1'-& 23' 3' 3 )4 &
• & 318 &. & & '( . ' &
• $> ' 1' +('
• (2
& %.. ' &
• > %( % 6 ' ' 1' 1 '
• $ '(. &
• = & 9- (') 3 )4 &
• !-.(,(')D' .6 & '-& . ' &
• >( 2
'&(21'& 3 '% . ' &
• :(3,(3 & 1(1' 32 ' 1' 1 '
• >( (' % &. . ' &
• > &'% 8 -' 2' &
• -3, 7 . ' &
• -'( 8-32
'( 3 2 (*& ' &
• ' 1' 1 '
• >( (' -I. ' &

- 108 -
• 62 (*& ' &
• 12
( 126 2
-. & 2&, &
• = & 1-66)-3('
• $ '' &). 3 . 3' 1)1' .
• ' '(2 I2
(' '( 3 ' 1' 1 '
• &(. &)(3<2
'( 3 ' 1' 1 '
• D>; ' 1' 1 '
• 3 & ). ' & 2 (*& ' &
• % &. B ' 1' 1 '
• ' & 3 )4 &
• -'( . ' &

% (31'&-. 3'1 ' * , 6 ),(3 '% . (3 6 3' = &+1 3, '% & 6 21 1% * ' 1' ,
B 2 (*& ' ,6 &( ,(2 )6&( & ' '% (& -1 6 &( ,(2 ) ' 1'(3 3,2 (*& '( 3 = &+1
1% * -3, &' +3 2.6)(3 '% & 73' 66& 7,6& 2,-& 1 -.* & 8 2
% 8 '%
* 7 ' 1' +('1 1% * 1-88(2
( 3' 3 - % ' ' + -6.-'(6 2
'(7('( 1 ' '(.

,
% (0-
*++
*-)
.( %,
)2)
&*-
).(

9-(6. 3' B . ' &( 1 & 2(7,8& . 73, &1@1% 61 3,. 3-8 2
'-& , ' 6 3' 1(' 1%
* & 9-(& , ' * (31' , ' 6 3' 1(' 2
'&(2 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 2
'(7('( 1 ' 1('
3 & )(37 7 8 =(3 1' 1F

'%&?0 &*,
,)%5.1-9,
).,-
. (0-
*++
*-)
.(.2 +
%&-
,)&*+ C1)
96%(->
40-%60 *- )-%

&( & ' ' +(3 -6 (31' '( 3 = &+5 8 =(3 2


% 2
+1 1% * -3, &' +3 ' 31-&
2&& 2
'3 11 8 1-66) 8 9-(6. 3'1 3,2.6 3 3'1
• %(66(3 & 1 3,. ' &( ' 1' 2&'(8(2' 1B &8 &. 32 ' 1' 2&'(8(2' 1 1%
* 7( * 8 & '% (' .1 6-&2
% 1 ,8& . '% . &+'
• ' &( 3, 9-(6. 3' 3, '% (& 1' & & 2
% 2
+, ' 31-& '% (&
238 &. 32 =('% '% ' 1' 66(2* 66& 7,,& =(3 15 9-(6. 3' (1'1 B $( 1
8 ' &( 3,16 2
(8(2'( 31 3,. 3-8 2
'-& &@
1 & 2.. 3, '( 31
• ' 1% * 31-& ,'% ' ,(3 ' = &+15 '& 316 &' '( 3 3,-3 ,(3 ' 1(' 5
1 8 1' & 5 2
% 2
+1 ,-&(3 1' & 3,'% 6& 1 &7'( 3 . 1-& 1 % 7 * 3
. (3' (3 ,,-&(3 1' &
- 109 -
• 9-(6. 3'1 . 3-8 2
'-& , 3, 11 .* , ' . 3-8 2
'-& &1 1% 6 3,1-66( ,5
1% % 7 '% , 2
-. 3'15 7(4 5 66& 7,(31' '( 3 6& 2,-& 15 15 ' 1'
,& =(3 15 (31'&-2
'( 3 . 3- 1 3, 3) 16 2
( = &+ (31'&-2
'( 31 & 9-(& , 8 &
16 2
(8(2 9-(6. 3'5 . ' &( ' 1' 2&'(8(2' 15 6 &8 &. 32 ' 1' & 6 &'15 1%(66(3
& 1 '2 % , 2
-. 3'1 1% * 7( * ' 1('
• >-)9- (8( , 3,, 2
-. 3' ,6& 2,-& 1 8 & (31' '( 3 B 6& 211 1 3, '% &
66(2* ,2
-. 3'1 1% * 7( * 3 '% (31' '( 3 6& 2,-& 5
& 16 31(*(('( 1 8 % -1 + 6(3 8 '% (31' '( 3 & 1 1% * 2 & ), 8(3 ,
• , 3'(') 8 '% (' .1 1% * ,-) 1' *(1% , =('% & 16 2
' ' 66& 7,
231'&-2
'( 3 , 2
-. 3'15 7(4 5 ,& =(3 15 9-(6. 3' (1'15 16 2
(8(2'( 31 '2
• ' 1% * 31-& , '% ' . 3-8 2
'-&(3 3, 11 .*) = &+ 3 '% (' .
(32-1(7 8 3)1(' = &+ 1 (3,(2' ,(3 %(1' &), 2
+' B 1%(66(3 & 1 % 1
* 3 2.6 ' , 3,'% (' . 2 & ,8 & (31' '( 3
• ' 1% * 31-& , '% ' '% (31' '( 3 & (1 & ,) 8 & (31' '( 3 8 '%
9-(6. 3' % %(3,& 321 3, *1' 2 1 (3' &8 &(3 =('% '% & 9-(6. 3'1 1%
* ,-)& 7( = , 3, (.(3 ' , ' 1% * 31-& , '% ' (3' &8 & 32 ,- '
6 &'(2
-& 9-(6. 3' & 2
'(7(') , 1 3 ' 88 2
' '% & 9-(6. 3' (31' '( 3
= &+ 31' '( 3 1 9- 32 8 7&( -1 9-(6. 3'15 6 &'(2
- & )=% & 16 2 (1
(+ )' * 231'& (3' 1% * = &+, -' (3 ,732
• ' 1% * 31-& , '% ' '% . ' &( 3, 9-(6. 3'1 & 8& 8& . 6%)1(2
,. 5 ,(1' &'( 35 2&& 1( 35 23' 2
' 23' .(3 '( 3 3,23, 31 '( 3 3,'% )
& 2 3 ,(3 2
2&, 32 =('% '% 16 2
(8(2'( 31 & 1% * ' +3 ' 31-&
'% ' '% 2 3(3 1 -'( 31 3, '% & (' .1 -1 ,1% 3 ' * , '&(. 3' ' '%
2
'&(2 9-(6. 3' B 2.6 3 3'
• 6 &1 33 .6 ), (3 (31' '( 35 & 2
'( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3, ' 1'(3 = &+1
1% * 9- (8( , 3,2&'(8( ,*)$! 31'&-2
'( 3 >(& 2
' & ' 1 & 9-(& ,
6 &1 33 .6 ), (3 (31' '( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3, ' 1'(3 8 2
'&(2 B
(31'&-. 3' '( 3 = &+1% * 9- (8( , 3, % 7 7 (, (231 1 1 6 & 3,( 3
2
'&(2
(') - /
=% & 7 & 66(2* 0 % ' 2
%3(2
( 31 1% * (73 16 2
(
'& (3(3 8 & '% (31' '( 3 8 16 2
( 9-(6. 3'1 B <*15 1-2
% 1 (31' '( 3 8
2
' & $-(,(3 2* 6 3 '& '( 3 1 (3 3,,-)9- (8( ,(3 '% 1 (,= &+1
:% & 7& 3 211 &)5 . 2
+-61% * 2&&( , -'
• ' 1% * 31-& , '% ' '% & 2
'( 3 ' 15 . ' &( % 3,(3 9-(6. 3'
/& 3 15 &-2
+15 ' 1 '2
0 3,2 (*& ' , (31'&-. 3'1 & ,-)9- (8( , 3,

- 110 -
7( * 8 & -1 (31'&-. 3'1 3, - 1 -1 ,8 & (31' '( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3,
' 1'(3 1% * ,-)2 (*& ' ,
• 1'(3 (31'&-. 3'1 3, - 1 3, . ' &( % 3,(3 B (8'(3 9-(6. 3'1
-1 ,8 & 2
% 2
+(3 '% (31' '( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3,' 1'(3 8 9-(6. 3'1 1% *
2 (*& ' ,' '% 2
26' 32 1' 3, &,1 3,'% (& & 2&,1 . (3' (3 ,
• % . -3' , & )15 23'& , 7(21 3, (31'&-. 3'1 1% * 2
% 2
+ , 3,
2 (*& ' , 1 6 & 66& 7, 6& 2,-& 15 3, '% (& , ' %(1' &) 2&,1 1% *
. (3' (3 ,
• 31' '( 3 & 1% . ' '% 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'15 7(4 5
3 (3 11 (32-,(3 6& 7(1( 3 8 ' .6 & '-& 3, %-.(,(')23'& 5 =% & 7&
66(2*
• & ' 2
'( 3 8& . ,<23' 231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 15 1 & 9-(& ,
• & ' 2
'( 3 8& . (32 . 3' = '% & 3, '% & ,7&1 .*( 3' 23,('( 31
• & 7(1( 3 8 & 6 &. 3 3' 3,' .6 & &)1-66 &'1 3,
• 6& 2-'( 31 8 & '% 1 8 ') 8 6 &1 33 5 9-(6. 3' * (3 (31' , &
3 &*) & & 9-(6. 3'
• 3A238 &. 325 (8 3)5 1% * & 1 7, 3,, 2
-. 3' ,

( ,
.&%00 %,
)2)
&*-
).(

316 2
'( 3 8 = &+ & 1 (3 6& & 11 1% * 6 &8 &. , ' 7&(8) '% ' 9-(6. 3' B
1)1' .1 & '& 316 &' ,5 2' ,5 & 2
' ,5 (31' ,5 11 .* , 3, 233 2
' , (3
2
2&, 32 =('% '% 16 2
(8( ,6& 2,-& 1 3,'% 9-(6. 3' & ,)6 1('( 3 ,(3 '%
& & 3 ' 88 2
' , *) '% 6 33 , = &+
1 8 '% &1 % (316 2
'( 3 (32-, 1
7&(8(2'( 3 8 8 =(3 F

%,
)2)
&*-
).(.2A.,
? ,
%*

• 3 (3 11 B % -1 + 6(3 8 = &+ & /I(1' 32 8 * &&( &1 3, 6& ' 2


'(7
27&1 3, 88 2
'(7 % -1 + 6(3 0' 31-& '% ' 9-(6. 3' 3,2.6 3 3'1
=( 3 ' * , . , & 23' .(3 ' , 1 & 1-' 8 6 &1 33 '& 88(2
5 = '% & &
,<23' 231'&-2
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• & 2,-& 9- (8(2'( 3 & 2&,1
• : , & B *& 4 & 6 &8 &. 32 9- (8(2'( 31
• : ,(3 B *& 4(3 (316 2
'( 3 & 6 &'1
• > & 6 &'1
• (3'(3 & 6 &'1
• 31'&-2
'( 3 .6 '( 3 &'(8(2'
• )1' . '& 318 & , 2
-. 3'
; &. '1 8 & '% 1 & 6 &'1 1% * 6& 6 & ,*)23'& 2
' &1 (3 231-' '( 3 =('% 2
'&(2
231'&-2
'( 3 & -6 3,1% * 66& 7,*)$! % 1 8 &. '1 1% * 8 3 &(2
3 '-& 62
(8(2& 2&, 8 &. '1 & 9-(& ,8 & 16 2
(8(2= &+1 3, 2
'(7('( 1 1% *
6& 6 & , 3, 66 3, , ' '% & 16 2
'(7 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 & 2
'( 3 3, (31' '( 3
6& 2,-& 1
- 120 -
"

• 2
'&(2 9-(6. 3' 3,1)1' .1 (31' , 3,8-)' 1' ,*-' 3 ' 6-' (3'
6 & '( 3 ,- ' 3 3A 7( *((') 8 233 2
' , 1)1' .1 & 9-(6. 3' 1% *
6& 1 &7,=('% 6& 6 & 6& ' 2
'( 3
• 1-2
% (31' , 2
'&(2 9-(6. 3' 1% * ,-) 6& 1 &7,5 6& ' 2
' , 3,
. (3' (3 , 1 6 & 66(2* 6& 2,-& 1 ,-) 8 &.- ' , 3, 66& 7,5 8 &
31-&(3 '% (& 88(2
( 3' 7( *((') 1 & 9-(& , ,-&(3 1)1' . 2..(11( 3(3
1' 1
• % 6& 1 &7'( 3 6& 2,-& 1 8 & 7&( -1 9-(6. 3' 3, 1)1' .1 1% *
8 &.- ' ,5 66& 7, 3,. (3' (3 ,*)'% 232&3 , & -61
• & 73'(7 1' 61 ' = &,1 (+ ), . 8 3) 9-(6. 3' ,-&(3 '& 316 &' '( 3
3,(31' '( 3 8 3 &*) 9-(6. 3' ' * 31-& ,

- 121 -
F"

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN INSTRUMENTATION CONSTRUCTION

INDEX

>

> >

; > ! >:

; ! >: >
$

>

$ ;

; >

; ;

" >

> "

- 122 -
A B

" /

%(1 2
% 6' & , 12
&(* 1 '% 1 ( 3' 16 2
'1 8 '% 9- (') 11-& 32 6& & .. 3,
-(, (3 1 3 31'&-. 3' '( 3 2
'(7('( 1 ,-&(3 231'&-2
'( 35 (31' '( 35 (316 2
'( 3 3,
' 1'(3 D2..(11( 3(3 8& ' ,(31'&-. 3' '( 3 = &+1 2&&( , -' *) 31'&-. 3' '( 3
& -6 3, '% 23'& 2
' &1 -3, & '% (& 23'& = &+1 1% * 2&&( , -' 1 6 &
, 1( 3 ,& =(3 15 16 2
(8(2'( 315 2, 1 3,1' 3, &,1 % - (') 11-& 32 31 =(
27& '% 23'& 6 (3'1 8 & 9- (')& ' ,2
'(7
('( 1

2
%( 7 '% 16 2
(8( , 9- (') (3 '% (31'&-. 3' '( 3 = &+15 8 =(3 16 2
'1 &
31-& ,

0 2
'( 3 8 66& 7,% &,= & 3,231-. * 1 ' 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1
0 1 8 66& 7,231'&-2
'( 3 6& 2,-& 1 B 31
0> 6 ). 3' 8 - (8( ,6 &1 33
0 7 - '( 3 8 6 &8 &. 32 8 7&( -1 ' 1'1 3 '% 6& 211 % +-6 (3 1 ' 2
% 2
+'%
1)1' . (3' &(') 3,('1 238 &. 32 =('% '% 16 2
(8( ,& 9-(& . 3'1

3 & 16 2
'1 8 - (') 11-& 32 ,-&(3 '% 6& <2
' 231'&-2
'( 3 6% 1 7(4 3 &
& 9-(& . 3'15 7&( -1 8-32
'( 31 (+ . 3 . 3'5 6 &8 &. 325 7 &(8(2'( 3 3,
2&& 2
'(7 8-32
'( 315 & 2&,1 3, & 3(4 '( 3 2
% &'1 & 27& ,(3 % 6' & 8 '%(1
. 3-

" A /

. <& (' .1 8 31'&-. 3' '( 3 1)1' .1 & 2' &(4 ,(3' 1-(' * 1-*A6 2
+ 1
*) 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' 8 & '% 6& 2
-& . 3' 6-&6 1 1 1 (3,(2' ,* =F

( -* 2
+ 1 8 & 2.. 3 D )1' . (3 -2 & 1 3,5 D 5 (3' &8 2
(3
=('% = & 1 3,
(( -* 2
+ 1 -3, & 8( ,(31'&-. 3' '( 3 8 & = & 1 3,(32-,(3 2
'&(2
6 = & 1)1' .
((( -* 2
+ 1 * (3 6& 2
-& ,-3, & ,(88 & 3' ' 3, &1 8 & -I(( &)6 2
+
(7 31'&-. 3' '( 3 11 2
( ' ,2
'(7('( 1 (3 '% & 6 2
+ 1
- 123 -
16 31(*((')8 & 3 (3 &(3 3,8(3 (4 '( 3 8 16 2
(8(2'( 3 8 '% D 1)1' .1 ( 1
=('% 5 . ) 66 (3' 231-' 3'1 8 & '% , 1( 3 3, 8(3 (4 '( 3 8
16 2
(8(2'( 3 & 2
-& . 3' 3, -66) 6 &' 8 62
+ 1 (1 23'& , *) 2
%3(2
>(& 2
' & '

" B B /

; & 2
% (' . -3, & 8( , (31'&-. 3' '( 3 2
+ 5 , ' ( , 16 2
(8(2'( 35 $& 3, B
, 5 (3,(2'(7 & 6& 7(, ,(3 '% ' 3, & , 2
-. 3' 2
+ 3'& 2
' & 1%
1% &' (1' '% 73, &1 3,1-*.(' '% 1 . 8 & 66& 7 ' 2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & ' $ 8 &
. 3-8 2
'-&(3 8 (' .1 '% 9- (8( , 73, & 1% 1-*.(' 3 8 & 66& 7 '
2
%3(2 >(& 2
' & '

" /

% 7 - ' , 3, & - (8( , 1% &' (1' , . ' &( 5 9-(6. 3' . 3-8 2
'-& &1 &
1 2
' ,* 1 , 3 '% (& 6& ,-2
' 9- (') 3,'% 6& ,-2
' 6 &8 &. 32 (3 '% & -2 &
= & 6& <2
'1 31-& 9- (')(3 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 5 66& 7, 1 & ' * 1'&(2
')
8 = , $! & '% (& -'% &(4 ,& 6& 1 3' '(71 & 3'&-1' ,=('% 8 1'
=(1 . 3-8 2
'-&(3 6& 211 1 6 & % 16 2
(8( ,' 1'1 & 23,-2
' ,5 =('3 11 , 1
6& 66& 7, 316 2
'( 3 & 2,-& *) $! 3, ' 1' & 6 &'1 & (11- ,
' &( 1 '%-1 2
26' , & 2 & , 8 & 1%(66(3 *)$! & '% (& -'% &(4 ,
& 6& 1 3' '(7

" A /

% 2.. 3 % &,= & 3,231-. * 1 / (4 ( %' 2


% 33 15 3,-('15 *
3,15 -* .615 32
% & 8 1' 3 &15 71 '2 0 1% * 6& 2
-& , *) '%
31'&-. 3' '( 3 2
+ 3'& 2
' & 3 (' 23'& ; & 2.. 3 231-. * 1 3,
% &,= & (' .1 & 9-(& , 8 & (31'&-. 3' '( 3 = &+ 1% &' (1' , 1 -&2 8 9- (8( ,
6& ,-2
'1 (1 1- 1' , 3, (3,(2'(7 1 & 6& 7(, , ' '% 3'& 2
' & &( & '
6& 2
-& . 3' 8 '% (' .15 '% 3'& 2
' & 1% 1-*.(' '% (& 66& 7,73, & (1' 3,
2
'- 6 3 8 & 66& 7 ' 1(' & 2
-& . 3' 8 '% (' .1 1% * -3, &' +3 *)'%
3'& 2
' & 3 '% * 1(1 8 66& 7, 3, & (1' 3, 1 3, ,-) (316 2
' , *)
$! & '% (& -'% &(4 ,& 6& 1 3' '(7

- 124 -
" /

% (31'&-. 3' '( 3 6 2


+ 23'& 2
' & (1 & 16 31(* 8 & . ' &( & 2(6'5 ('1 (316 2
'( 3
3,1' & % 23'& 2
' & 1% 231'&-2
' 2 1 ,5 ,-1' 3,& (3 8& = & % -1 15
,-1' 8& 1' & & . 8 & 1' & 8 16 2
(8( , (' .1 (3 23'& , '. 16% & 1
& 9-(& , 3 & 2(6' 8 . ' &( ' 1(' 5 (316 2
'( 3 1% * 2&&( , -' 2(6'5
2
26' 32 3,1' & 8 '% (' .1 1% * -3, &' +3 (3 2
2&, 32 =('% 66& 7,
& 2,-& 1

"" /

3 (31'&-. 3' '( 3 2 (*& '( 3 * & ' &)8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 '% (' .15 9-(6. 3' 1% *
1 ' -6 ' '% 6& <2
' 6 3' 1(' ('% & *)$! & *) 23'& 2
' & % * & ' &)
1% % 7 23'& ,,-1' 8& 37(& 3. 3' 3,,-)9- (8( , &1 33 ' 6 &8 &. '%
= &+1 ' &3 '(7 )
5 '% *8 2
( ('). ) 1 * -'( (4 ,

% 8 =(3 2
% 2
+1 1% * 6 &8 &. ,(3 3 & 5
0 % . , 3 5 16 2
(8(2'( 3 3, 3 8 (31'&-. 3' =('% (31'&-. 3'
16 2
(8(2'( 3 1% '
0 (*& ' '% (31'&-. 3' 1 6 & 66& 7,6& 2,-& 8 & 2
2-& 2
) 3, %)1' &(1(1
0 38(&. (31'&-. 3' 8 & 6& 6 & 8-32
'( 3(3
0 % 2
+ 7-
0 3) '% & 2
% 2
+1 3, 1'1 1 & 9-(& , ' ('

" # /

31'&-. 3' '( 3 & 2


'( 3 3, (*& '( 3 6& 2,-& 1 & 6& 6 & , (32&6 & '(3
. 3-8 2
'-& &1 (31'&-2
'( 31 - (8( , 3, 66& 7,6& 2,-& 1 1% '% 3 * 8 =,
8 & (31'&-. 3' (31' '( 3 = &+ (1' 8 1-2
% 6& 2,-& 1 & (73 * = ,,('( 3
& 2,-& 1 1 & 9-(& , 1% * 8 &.- ' , 3, ,-) 66& 7, 3, (.6 . 3' , (3
-3, &' +(3 66(2* ' 1'(3 3,2 (*& '( 3 = &+

" # /

• 3 & (31'&-2
'( 31 8 & 2 3(3 8 (31'&-. 3' '( 3 (' .1 3,7&( -1 ' 1'1
• & 2,-& 8 & (31' '( 3 8 (31'&-. 3'1
• & 2,-& 8 & (31' '( 3 8 6 3 15 C
$M15 3, (& 2
2-.- ' & ' 3+1
• & 2,-& 8 & (31' '( 3 8 ( %' % 33 1
• & 2,-& 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 3, )(3 8 '-* 1
- 125 -
• & 2,-& 8 & -' '-* = ,(3
• & 2,-& 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 3, )(3 8 , -* 2.6& 11( 3 '-* 8(''(3 1
• & 2,-& 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 3, )(3 8 66 & '-*
• & 2,-& 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 3, )(3 8 *& 11 8(''(3 1
• & 2,-& 8 & 66 & '-* *& 4(3
• & 2,-& 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 3, )(3 8 * 3, 3,(3
• & 2,-& 8 & 8 *&(2'( 35 8( ' = ,(3 3, (9-(, 3 '& 3' I.(3 '( 3
• & 2,-& 8 & 12
& = ,' &.(3 '( 31
• & 2,-& 8 & 1 , & ,233 2
'( 3
• & 2,-& 8 & 1-&8 2 6& 6 & '( 3 3,6 (3'(3
• & 2,-& 8 & & -3,(3 D %( ,(3 6& 2
'(21
• & 2,-& 8 & 1' *(1%(3 & 2&,& . 8 & ,& =(3 1 3,> 2
-. 3'1
• & 2,-& 8 & 6& 6 & '( 3 3, )(3 1' *(1%(3 1' & 1 3,. ' &(
. 3 . 3'
• & 2,-& 8 & & 1 &7'( 3 8 (31' ,(' .1
• & 2,-& 8 & 31' '( 3 8 !( '( B 32
% &$ '
• & 2,-& 8 & (31' '( 3 8 2* '& )1 3,'-* '& )1
• & 2,-& 8 & % &. 2-6 <
-32
'( 3 . +(3
• & 2,-& 8 & 2* ' &.(3 '( 3
• & 2,-& 8 & '% &. 2-6 (31' '( 3
• & 2,-& 8 & +, ' 2
' & (31' '( 3
• & 2,-& 8 & (31' '( 3 8 16 2
( 1 ,(-. (31'&-. 3' '( 3

" # /

R & 2,-& 8 & 1' *(1%(3 (31'&-. 3' '( 3 ' 1'(3 D2 (*& '( 3 * & ' &)
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 23'& &1
R & 2,-& 8 & 1'(3 8 3 (,7 71
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 & 11-& - 1
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 & 11-& 1=('2
% 1 D>(88 & 3'( & 11-& 1=('2
% 1
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 2&, &1
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 & 31.('' &1
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 ! 3, 3'& &1
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 B 37&' &1
R & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 >( - 1 3,, ' &

- 126 -
• & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 3 )'(2 (31'&-. 3'1
• & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 8 ' .6 & '-& 3,8 = (31'&-. 3'1
• & 2,-& 8 & 2 (*& '( 3 3,1'& +(3 8 23'& 7 71

" $ /

%2
%, *,
*

" !
A B/

% 231'&-2
'( 3 3'& 2
' & 1% % 7 (3, 6 3, 3' 9- (') 23'& 5 (316 2
'( 3 3,
' 1'(3 & 3(1 '( 3 - (')23'& 5 (316 2
'( 35 ' 1'(3 3,2..(11( 3(3 8 (31' ,
= &+ & -3, & '% 126 '% . (3 23'& 2
' & $! 1% 7&(8) 3, -,(' '%
3'& 2
' & = &+ ' (.6 &' 3' 2
&('(2 % ,6 (3'1 ,-)(, 3'(8( ,(3 '% 5 (1' 8 1-2
%
1 & 1 * = 3 238 &.(3 . ' &( 5 9-(6. 3' 3, = &+1 1% 3 ' *
(3,-2
' ,(3' '% 6 3' = &+1

0 8 & 2(6' (316 2


'( 3 3,2 (*& '( 3 8 (31'&-. 3' (' .1
0 8 & ; *&(2'( 3 3,: ,(3
0 8 & 31' '( 3 8 6 3 15 C
$1 5 '% & 1-66 &'
0 8 & (31' '( 3 8 31'&-. 3'1
0 8 & '-* )(3 5 1= (3
0 8 & '-* *-'' = ,(3 *) -' '-* = ,(3 . 2
%(3
0 8 & 266 & '-* )(3 5 (31' '( 3 8 *& 11 8(''(3 1 D*& 4(3
"0 8 & * )(3 5 3,(3 3,=(& ' &.(3 '( 31
#0 8 & (& +1 &2
%5 %),& 1' '(2' 1' 3,% (-. +' 1'

" /

1'(3 8 '% 2.6 ' ,1)1' .1 & 2&&( , -' 8 =(3 ,-) 66& 7,' 1' 12
% . 1
• '% ' 1'1 & =('3 11 , 3,2&'(8( ,*) 3'& 2
' & 5 & 2
'( 3 & -6 3,
$!
• 8' & 1-2
2118- ' 1' '% 6& 12
&(* ,8 &. '5 (1 8( , 3,1( 3 ,=('% 3 . 3,
, ' *) '% & -61

- 127 -
" /

; =(3 & 2&,1 1% * 6& 1 &7, 3,% 3, , 7& ' D 3 =('% 31'&-2
'( 3
.6 '( 3 &'(8(2' / 10B )1' . '& 318 & > 2
-. 3' / >0

/0 & 2
-& . 3' &, &15 1%(66(3 & 1 5 1' & 6 &'1 D (*& '( 3 & 6 &'1
/0 !(1' &)> 2
+'1
/0 316 2
'( 3 & 6 &'1 8 & 2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1
/0 31'&-. 3' ' 1'(3 3,2 (*& '( 3 & 6 &'1
/0 > 1
/0 1' 6 &'1 8 63 -. '(2B ! (-. B !)
,& ' 1'1 3,2..(11( 3(3 & 6 &'1
/0 1B >1
/
"0 1 *-(' (38 &. '( 3

'% & ,,('( 3 ,2


-. 3'1 B & 2&,1 1 & 9-(& ,(3 '% 2-&1 8 I2
-'( 3 8 = &+1
. ) 1 * 6& 1 &7,

- 128 -
F#
1*+
)-4 001,
*(&%51,
)(3 .66)
00)
.()
(3.2 C1)
96%(-*(5 40-
%6

/ ' F 1 6& ' 3- 3 ..(11( 3(3 =( * (11- ,=% 3 '% 2..(11( 3(3
& -6(1 1 ' -60

%(1 1 2
'( 3 (71 3 )* & .(3(.-. -(, (3 1 * -' 2..(11( 3(3

% 2..(11( 3(3 1% * ,3 1 6 & 66& 7,6& 2,-& 3,& 9-(& . 3'1

&( & ' 6 2


(3 '% 9-(6. 3' 3,1)
1' .1 (3' 6 & '( 35 2..(11( 3(3 1%
* 6 &8 &. , ' , . 31'& ' '% ' '% , 1( 3 (3' 3'5 8-32
'( 3 , 9- 2
) 8
2.6 3 3'15 1)1' . 3, 1'&-2
'-& 15 3, ' (.(3 ' , 8(2
( 32
( 1 *1 &7,
,-&(3 ' 1'(3

..(11( 3(3 2
'(7('( 1 1% * 1' &' , 3 ) 8' & 2.6 '( 3 8 & 16 2
'(7
231'&-2
'( 3 2
'(7('( 1 1-66 &' ,*)231'&-2
'( 3 2.6 '( 3 2&'(8(2' B 1)1' .
'& 318 & , 2
-. 3'1

'% 2..(11( 3(3 2


'(7('( 1 1% * 6 33 ,(3 ,732

'% 2..(11( 3(3 2


'(7('( 1 1% * 6 &8 &. , 1 6 & 66& 7,6& 2,-& 1
3, 31

3). ,(8(2'( 35 & 6 2. 3' 3,& 6 (& 2


'(7('( 1 ,-&(3 2..(11( 3(3 1% *
6 33 ,5 23'& , 3, 6 &8 &. , 1 6 & 66& 7, 6& 2,-& 15 (31'&-2
'( 315
,& =(3 1 3,2
% 2
+(1'1

" & 2,-& 1 1% * 1' *(1% , 3, (.6 . 3' , ' . (3' (3 '% & 9-(& ,
, & 8 2 3 (3 11 ,-&(3 2..(11( 3(3 2
'(7('( 1

# 8( ,2
% 3 1 3,3 3 238 &. 321 1% * 23'& , 3,, 2
-. 3' , 1
6 & 66& 7,6& 2,-& 1

- 129 -

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