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An IrDA physical layer implemen- expressed in NRZ data format. made up of ≤ 50% duty cycle
tation will include the data host Not-Return to Zero (NRZ) data is pulses would limit the heating
(UART, RS232, microprocessor, or 100% duty cycle, and so does not time period, and allow for IR
microcontroller), the IrDA modu- contain discrete pulses represent- emitter cooling after each pulse.
lator/demodulator (I/O chip, ASIC, ing data bits. See Figure 2. IrDA data modulations use ≤ 25%
or discrete IC), and the infrared duty cycle RZ pulses for all data
transceiver. The exact implemen- If NRZ data were sent directly to rates.
tation for each block will depend the IR transmitter, the IR emitter
upon the chosen bit rate for data would dissipate power for several Data Rates of
communication, and upon the bit periods in the case of a long 9.6-115.2 kbits/second
application system’s architecture. sequence of 1 bits. The lengthy Infrared data communication at
Bit rates at or below 115.2 kbits/ power dissipation could over- data rates ≤ 115.2kbits/s is de-
second can utilize serial ports of stress the IR emitter if it exceeds signed to utilize the serial port
UARTs, RS232 ports, microproces- the datasheet’s absolute maximum function of various devices. The
sors, or microcontrollers for the ratings. Emitter current for serial port data is Not-Return-to-
data host. Infrared data communi- infrared transmission is typically Zero (NRZ) modulation format,
cation hardware for bit rates in the 100’s of milliamps, and bulk and so needs to be modulated
above 115.2 kbits/second must resistance of typical IR emitters is further for use with infrared
interface to the microprocessor or 1-3 ohms. Power dissipation as components. The IrDA modula-
microcontroller data and address heat in the IR emitter can be as tion/demodulation function is
buses. The application system’s high as 0.7-1.5 watts for continu- available in 8-16 pin EnDec
architecture will help determine ous bias. Return to Zero (RZ) data (Encode/Decode) chips, or is
whether the infrared hardware
interface should be to a UART,
RS232, microprocessor, or INFRARED
SERIAL OUT TRANSMIT
microcontroller. See Figure 1. UART
RS232 MODULATION/
µP DEMODULATION
IrDA Data Modulation µC
SERIAL IN INFRARED
UART, RS232, microprocessor, or RECEIVE
microcontroller data needs to be Figure 1.
modulated for infrared data
communication. The infrared NRZ DATA
transceiver requires discrete
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
pulses to represent data bits. RZ 25% DUTY
PC87334 HSDL-1001
9
NRST VCC Data Rates of 0.576, 1.15,
10 K OHM and 4.0 Mbits/second
Infrared data communication
0.1 µF implementations using data rates
≥ 115.2 kbits/s need to interface to
GND
Figure 7. the microprocessor or
microcontroller data bus. The
system bus data is typically in NRZ
format and so IrDA modulation/
HSDL-7001
demodulation is necessary. Each
MICROCONTROLLER IrDA data rate ≥ 115.2 kbits/s
IO6 POWERDN requires a specific modulation
13 HSDL-1001
IO5 PULSEMOD format, which can be provided by
12
IO4 CLKSEL
an infrared controller chip or an
7 11 I/O chip with embedded IrDA
IR_TXD 6
IO3 A2
6 modulation/demodulation.
IO2 A1 10
IR_RCV 4
5
IO1
4
A0 The data transfer to the micropro-
SERIAL IN RCV cessor or microcontroller can
3 15
SERIAL OUT TXD
OSCIN 15 pF either be through Direct Memory
2
10 MΩ XTAL GND Access (DMA), or through inter-
OSCOUT
14
15 pF rupts.
9
NRST VCC Each implementation makes use of
10 K OHM either the HSDL-1100 or the HSDL-
2100 infrared transceiver. The
HSDL-2100 is specifically designed
0.1 µF
for applications requiring small
Figure 8. GND package height. Both transceivers
have a data receive pin (RxdA) for
data rates up to 115.2 kbits/s, and a R1
TXD
SUPER I/O IRTX
data receive pin (RxdB) for data
CX2
rates above 115.2 kbits/s. HSDL-1100
RXDA
IRRX OR
HSDL-2100
Systems such as notebook PCs and
RXDB
desktop PCs, which require an I/O RXAUX