MATTER IN OUR

SURROUNDINGS
Ms. Santi
Matter
What is matter?
Anything which occupies space and has mass.

3 physical states of matter

Solid, liquid, and gaseous

Which of the following are matter?

Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink,
smell of perfume
Particles of matter
have space
Particles of matter
between them
attract each
Sugar, salt got
other
evenly distributed
in water.
Particles of matter
are continuosly Give reasons for
moving the following
observation:
―kinetic energy‖ Characteristics of The smell of hot
Intermixing of sizzling food
particles of two Particles of reaches you
different types several metres
of matter on their
Matter away, but to get
the smell from
own is called
cold food you have
diffusion to go close
States of Matter
 Can Matter Change its State?
Effect of change in temperature
Solid
Particles start Particles leave their melts and
Increasing Kinetic energy of the vibrating with fixed positions
temperature particles increases is
greater speed Start moving freely converted
to a liquid

Melting point
The temperature at which a solid melts to The process of melting, that is, change
become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure of solid state into liquid state is also
known as fusion.

Boiling point
Boiling point of water is 373 K
The temperature at which a liquid
(100◦C = 273 + 100 = 373 K)
starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure
Effect of change of pressure

Applying pressure and reducing

temperature can liquefy gases.

Solid carbon dioxide (CO2) = dry ice

It is stored under high pressure
When a solid melts, its temperature remains the same, so where does the
heat energy go?
The temperature of the system does not change after the melting point is reached,
till all the ice melts.
This happens even though we continue to heat the beaker, that is, we continue to
supply heat.
This heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction
between the particles.
 Evaporation
change of a liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point
• Always moving and are never at rest
Particles • Different amounts of kinetic energy at a given temperature in any state

• A small fraction of particles at the surface, having higher kinetic energy

Liquids • Able to break away from the forces attraction of another particles

• Gets converted into vapour

Vapour

The rate of
evaporation an increase of a decrease in
increases with: humidity an increase in
temperature
an increase of wind speed
surface area
 Questions
The mass per unit volume of a
substance is called density.
(density = mass/volume).
01 Arrange the following in order of
increasing density – air, exhaust
from chimneys, honey, water,
chalk, cotton and iron.
Liquids generally have lower
02 density as compared to solids.
But you must have observed that
ice floats on water. Why?
Convert the following temperature
to celsius scale:
03 a. 300 K b. 573 K.
What is the physical state of
water at:
04 a. 250ºC b. 100ºC ?
For any substance, why does the
05 temperature remain constant
during the change of state?
Suggest a method to liquefy
06 atmospheric gases.
 Name A,B,C,D,E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state

07

Convert the following temperatures to the Kelvin scale.

08 (a) 25°C (b) 373°C.

09 Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces

of attraction between the particles— water, sugar, oxygen.