Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
ALDOURI
1
8086/8088MP INSTRUCTOR: ABDULMUTTALIB A. H. ALDOURI
In general, the CPU has three main units: (See the figure below)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical
operations. For example, it can add together two binary numbers either
from memory or from some of the CPU registers.
Control Unit: controls the action of the other computer components so
that instructions are executed in the correct sequence.
Registers - Temporary storage inside CPU. Registers can be read and
written at high speed as they are inside the CPU.
2
8086/8088MP INSTRUCTOR: ABDULMUTTALIB A. H. ALDOURI
Memory
The memory in a computer system is of two fundamental types:
Main Memory: used to store information for immediate access by the
CPU. Main Memory is also referred to as Primary Storage or Main Store.
Closely connected to the processor.
The contents are quickly and easily changed.
Stores the programs that the processor is actively working with.
Main memory includes:
Random Access memory (RAM): for temporary storage.
Read-only memory (ROM): for permanent storage.
Input/Output Devices
Input/output devices provide an interface between the computer and the
user. There is at least one input device (e.g. keyboard, mouse, measuring device
such as a temperature sensor) and at least one output device (e.g. printer, screen,
control device such as an actuator). Input and output devices like keyboards and
printers, together with the external storage devices, are referred to as peripherals.
System Bus
There are three types of busses:
1. Address Buss: A unidirectional lines determine the size of memory
addressable by the processor.
2. Data Bus : A bi-directional lines indicate the size of the data transferred
between the processor and memory or I/O device.
3. Control Bus: consists of a set of control signals indicates the type of
action taking place on the system bus.
3
8086/8088MP INSTRUCTOR: ABDULMUTTALIB A. H. ALDOURI
Width (bit)
Register
Size of
Bus
4
8086/8088MP INSTRUCTOR: ABDULMUTTALIB A. H. ALDOURI
5
8086/8088MP INSTRUCTOR: ABDULMUTTALIB A. H. ALDOURI
6
8086/8088MP INSTRUCTOR: ABDULMUTTALIB A. H. ALDOURI
8
8086/8088MP INSTRUCTOR: ABDULMUTTALIB A. H. ALDOURI
15 87 0