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PROCEEDINGS INDONESIAN PETROUXJM ASSOCIATION
Thirteenth Annual Convention, May 1984
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For further details about the Central Sumatra Tertiary from 3.5 to 4.0 which approximately coincides with the
sedimentaxy section, the reader is referred to earlier publica- dry gas generation stage.
tions by Mertosono and Nayoan (1974), Mertosono (1975), 3. Idris No. 1 encountered hydrothermally altered granite
and Hasan et a i (1977). Lee (1982) descnied the Tertiary in a bottom hole core (Figure 7). This well was drilled in
succession in the Malacca Straits area located on the north- 1982 and is located within 10 km of ihe Beruk North-
eastern margin of the Central Sumatra Basin. east field. K/Ar radiometric age dates of 208 2 7 M.Y.
were obtained from muscovite, 206 f 8 M.Y. from albite,
Regional Basement Rocks
and 101 f. 4 M.Y. from microline. The COFRC inter-
The basement rocks of the Central Sumatra basin were pretation of the data is that the muscovite and albite
reviewed by Eubank and Makki (1981). Since this publica- indicate a minimum age of granite emplacement of
tion several recently drilled exploratory wells have provided about 200 M.Y. (Late Triassic or Early Jurassic). The
additional significant basement information (Table 1). microcline constrains a post emplacement thermal event
1. The Cucut No. I well was drilled in October 1981 and younger than 100 M.Y. (Late Cretaceous or Early
cored unmetamorphosed greywackes ("pebbly mud- Tertiary).
stones") containing abundant angular to sub-rounded Rb/Sr isotopic data was obtained to supplement the
clasts of granitic, volcanic, and metamorphic composi- K/Ar age data. Rb and Sr data better preserve the true
tion (Figure 7). This rock is believed t o represexkt the formation age of a rock because these two elementsare
Carboniferous Bohorok Formation (Tapanuli Group) less disturbed by young thermal events than K and Ar.
which crops out along the mountain front west of the K/Ar age dates represent the time of latest metamor-
Central and North Sumatra Basins. Cameron et al(1980) phism. The K/Ar "clock" is reset each time a rock is
stated that "the age of the oldest parts of the Kluet raised to high temperature, even if partial melting does
and Bohorok Formations is unknown, and it is possible not occur. Rb/Sr dating provided an age of granite
that future work will identify rocks of Devonian or emplacement of 295 2 3 M.Y. (Late Carboniferous).
possibly Early Paleozoic age within the Tapanuli Group The initial Sr isotopic ratio indicates that the Idris
as defined at present". granite formed by the melting of preexisting rocks
Palynological, and radiometric age dating by Chevron which themselves experienced a long continental history.
Oil Field Research Company (COFRC) supports the In conclusion, the radiometric and petrographic data
above Cameron et a1 (1980)statement. The clay mineral indicates that Idris No. 1 penetrated basement that has
matrix was dated by palynology as Eariy-Middle car- had a very long and complex geologic history. The
boniFerous. No marine palynomorphs were recovered Idris No. 1 data are relevant for the Beruk Northeast
.thus suggesting a nonmarine depositional environment. field since granites of similar age and composition
A granite ciast within the matrix provided a K/Ar occur in several of the field wells.
radiometric age date of uppermost Devonian ( 3 4 8 2 10
M.Y.). The distinctive polymictic lithologic character of FIELD DEVELOPMENT
the Cucut No. 1 core appears to support Cameron et al's The Beruk Northeast Field was discovered in 1976 by
(1980) assertation that the "pebbly mudstones" of the Beruk Northeast No. 1 which was drilled to a total depth
Bohorok Formation represent the reworking and turbi- of 1634 feet into h e - Tertiary basement to test a structural
ditic rededeposition of ice-rafted, subglacial or fluvio- closure defined by seismic (Figures 8,9). The main objective
glacial debris. However, the palynology recovered from Sihapas sandstones were absent and Telisa shales with minor
the core contained none of the highly distinctive Gond- sandstone interbeds lie directly on Pre-Tertiary basement.
wana or glacial flora of Late Carboniferous, Permian Beruk Northeast No. 1 penetrated 28' of heavily fractured
or EarIy Triassic age. Further drilling in the. Cucut area metaquartzite basement with oil shows in the cuttings,
may provide more information to resolve the origin of bottom hole core, and in side-wall cores. An open hole
these interesting basement rocks. test of the basement flowed 1680 BOPD (38.6' API gravity
and 115OF pourpoint). A thin Telisa sand (named the
The total organic content (TOC) of the Cucut core is
very low (0.25 wt %) indicating that the sample has Telisa 1500-foot sand) located approximately 100 feet above
little source rock potential. HIC ratios and vitrinite basement was tested and flowed 480 BOPD ( 3 8 3 O AFI' and
120°F pourpoint).
reflectance measurements (Ro > 1.9) suggests that the
To delineate the lateral extent of the oil-bearing base-
organic matter is thermally postmature.
ment and aIso to test the potential of Sihapas sands on-
2. Pusaka No. 1 . cored dark grey, slatey, silty, fractured lapping and pinching out against the basement high,Beruk
shales (Figure 7). On the basis of palynology, COFRC Northeast No. 2 was drilled in mid 1976 approximately
estimated the age of the shales to be near the Devonian/ 1.5 K m northeast of Beruk Northeast No. 1. The well
Carboniferous boundary. The Thermal Alteration Index bottomed in granite basement at a total depth of 1941
(TAI) of the organic material within the shales ranged feet. An open hole test of the granite proved thebasement
388
to be tight; the Sihapas sandstones were porous and water- The consistent thicknesses of\the units between marker
bearing. beds in the Telisa indicate that structural growth was
Beruk Northeast No. 3 and No. 4 were drilled in mid inactive during Telisa time. However,the seismic lines show
1982 t o provide additional development well control for the expression of the Beruk Northeast structure in beds
the field, Beruk Northeast No. 3 c onfi ie d oil production almost at surface, thereby indicating that rejuvenation of
from weathered arenaceous argillites. B e d Northeast No. structural growth occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene
4 tested oil from a basement sequence consistingof weather- orogenic phase. This late movement placed Telisa For-
ed hornfelsic argillite and granite. mation beds, as the Telisa 1500-foot sand, into structural
Beruk Northeast No. 5 was drilled in late 1982 and closure (Figures 11,12).
tested 2252 barrels fluid per day (34%water cut) from an
open hole test covering 14 feet of fractured metaquartzite FIELD RESERVOIRS
basement. Severe lost circulation problems prevented the The Beruk Northeast field produces oil from fractured
drilling of this well deeper into the objective basement metaquartzite (wells No. 1 and No. 5), weathered argillite
rocks. (well No. 3) and weathered argillite and granite (well No.
4). Minor oil production is obtained from the Telisa 1500-
foot sand in wells No. 3 and No. 4. Telisa shales are the cap
FIELD GEOLOGY rocks above the basement reservoirs. The reservoir had an
Basement core data in the area of the Beruk Northeast original reservoir pressure of 680 psi. The reservoir tempe-
Field indicates a wide variety of basement rock types and rature is 2W°F and connate water saturation averages 37%.
a broad range of radiometricallydated ages. Although the Defining oil pay zones in basement by the electric logs is
Beruk Northeast wells cover a small area of less than 5 difficult. Refer to the composite log of well No. 4 which
square kilometers, the variability in rock types and ages shows typical log response in basement (Figure 13). Oil pay
indicates a very complex Pre-Tertiary geological history. zones are initially detected by drill cuttings analysis. After
The rocks can be subdivided into three broad categories the wireline logs are obtained, numerous sidewall cores help
on the basis of lithology and K/Ar age dates, as follows: to further define the pay zones. Since the cuttings and side-
1. Metaquartzites of Early Permian age (Beruk Northeast wall cores analyses are very important, accurate lithology
No. 1 and No. 5). and oil show descriptions from the wellsite geologist are
2. Granites of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic age (Beruk utilised on all Beruk Northeast wells. Wireline and swab
Northeast No. 2 and No. 4, Bungsu No. 1 , Idris No. 1). test from many intervals are the final bases for defining
3. Argillaceous metasediments of Early Cretaceous age producible hydrocarbon and water zones.
(Beruk Northeast No. 3 and No. 4). The ”Top Basement” structure map (Figure 14) shows
Reconstruction of the Pre-Tertiary geological history of that the Beruk Northeast structure is broken into a series of
the B e a k Northeast field is difficult due to the inaccuracies north-south oriented fault blocks. Most of the faults do
inherent in the K/Ar radiometric age dating method as not extend into the overlying Telisa section (Figure 12).
discussed previously. To obtain a more accurate insight into Beruk Northeast wells No. 3 and No. 4 were drilled into
the Pre-Tertiary history preferably all basement cores separate fault blocks. A common oil-water interface is
should also be dated by the Rb/Sr method. absent in wells No. 3 and No. 4, thereby suggesting that
either the fault separating these two wells is a sealing fault
Beruk Northeast StNCtUrd Growth History. or the reservoir is discontinuous between the wells. The
The growth history of the Beruk Northeast structure oil-water contacts are unknown in wells No. 1 and No. 5
during Tertiary time is evident on stratigraphic cross- since neither well penetrated the oil-water interface.
sections and key seismic lines (Figures 8, 9 and 10). Paleo- The oil produced from the Beruk Northeast basement
gene Pematang Formation and Miocene Sihapas Group sedi- reservoirs has a average gravity of 38.3 degrees API and a
ments are absent on the crest of the structure, indicating pourpoint of 115-120 degrees Fahrenheit, which is similar
that major structural growth had occurred prior to deposi- to the gravity and pourpoint of most other Coastal Plains
tion of the Paleogene. The isopachs of the Telisa 1500-foot oil fields. The Beruk Northeast oils are probably derived
sand t o the Top Pre-Tertiary in wells No. 1, 3 , 4 and 5 are from the same rich Tertiary shales source rocks as the other
almost identical suggestingthat the Pre-Tertiarysurface was Coastal Plains oil fields. Oil presumably migrated away
relatively flat before deposition of the Tertiary (Figure 10). from the source area through Sihapas sands or along the
Stratigraphic cross-sections infer that the Beruk Northeast Pre-Tertiary unconformity surface into the Beruk Northeast
structure was a relatively small basement ”island” standing basement high. Faults may also act as conduits for oil
some 30 feJ;t above the wave base during late Sihapas time. migration in this area.
Consequently the Beruk Northeast basement high is ”bald”
or devoid of the Siapas Group sands which are the pro- FIELD PRODUCTION
ducing zones in all other Coastal P l b s Block fields. Beruk Northeast No. 1 was placed on production in
389
early 1981. Initial production averaged about 2200 BOPD this field is relatively small, the existence of nearby pro-
(0.2% water cut). Figure 15 summarizes the production duction facilities as the Beruk-Zammd pipeline encourages
performance of this well. Decreasing oil production together exploration and development of fields of this size. Beruk
with increasing water production has resulted in a relatively Northeast indicates that Pre-Tertiary basement can not be
constant produced fluid gross, indicating that the fault disregarded as an exploration objective in Southeast Asia.
block drained by this well has a very active water drive. Beruk Northeast also serves as a reminder that whenever
Formation pressures declined only 30 psi after one year of feasible, all exploratory wells in Southeast Asia should be
production. To date Beruk Northeast No. 1 has produced in drilled into basement.
excess of 1,100,OOO barrels oil, 640,000barrels water and
42 MMCF associated gas. AU production from this well is
evidently obtained through the naturally-occurringfracture ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
system in the Pre-Tertiary metaquartzites since negligible The authors wish to thank the management of P.T.
matrix porosity exists in the core. Caltex Pacific Indonesia, Chevron, Texaco and Pertamina
Beruk Northeast No. 3 and No. 4 went on stream in for their permission to publish this paper. We also extend
1983 at initial production rates of about 200 BOPD and 25 our thanks to Roger Eubank for his advice and suggestions
BWPD. The relatively low production rates (compared to during the preparation and writing of the paper. The fine
well No. 1) are due to the pow reservoir characteristics of effort and cooperation by the CPI Exploration Division’s
the weathered argillite and granite reservoirs. drafting and secretarial staff are most appreciated. We also
Beruk Northeast No. 5 began production in 1983 at an express our thanks to Chevron Oil Field Research Company
inital rate of 300 BOPD and 40 BWD, however within 3 and LemigasBiostratigraphic Services - Robertson Research
months this well was producing 100% formation water. for the petrographic descriptions and radiometric age dates
Although this well is located within 900 meters of Beruk discussed herein.
Northeast No. 1 and produces from a reservoir litholo-
gically identical to the BeruqNortheast No. 1 reservoir,
the production performance has been totally different
between these two wells. Beruk Northeast No. 5 has pro- REFERENCES CITED
bably penetrated a fault block with an oil-water contact
structurally higher than that in the Beruk Northeat No. 1 ADIWIDJAJA, P., and de COSTER, G.L, 1973, Pre-Ter-
fault block. The discontinuity of the oil-water contact tiary Pakotopography and Related Sedimentation in
between these wells is probably due to the discontinuous South Sumatra: Proceed. 2nd Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol.
nature of the fracture network. Alternatively, the presence Assn., 4--5/6/1973, Jakarta, pp. 89-103.
o f an unrecognized water-bearing fracture system in Beruk CAMERON, N.R., CLARKE, M.C.G., ALBISS, D.T.,
Northeast No. 5 may have caused a sudden water influx ASPDEN, J A , and DJUNUDDIN, A., 1980, The Geo-
into this well. logical Evolution of Northern Sumatra: Proceed. 9th
Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assn., 27-28/5/1980, Jakar-
ta, pp 149-187,
CONCLUSIONS CHUNGHSIANG P’AN, 1982, Petroleum in Basement
This paper describes the hydrocarbon potential in Rocks: h e r . Assn. Petrol. Geol. Bull., v. 66, no. 10, pp.
Pre-Tertiary basement rocks in Indonesia and reviews 1597- 1643.
the Beruk Northeast field as a case histby of basement EUBANK, R.T.,and MAKKI,A.C., Structural Geology of
production in the Central Sumatra Basin. The geology the Central Sumatra Back-Arc Basin: Proceed. 10th
of this field is complex, and the production performance of Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. A m . 26-27/5/1981 ,Jakarta,
the Beruk Northeast wells has been less predictable than pp. 153-196.
wells in fields producing from the normal Sihapas Grixp
FONTAINE, H., and MAMGUY, M., 1982, Don’t Forget
Sandstone reservoirs.
Asia’s Older Rocks: Petroleum News Magazine, vol. 12,
The importance of coring fractured and weathered base-
no. l l , p p . 8 & 1 0 .
ment reservoirs can not be overemphasized eventhough core
recovery can be poor and mud losses are common when HASAN, M., KAMAL, and LANGITAN, F.B., 1977, Dis-
drilling fractured basement. Nevertheless our experience in covery and Development of Minas Field: Asean Council
this oilfield indicates that cores must be obtained because on Petroleum (ASCOPE) Confr. 11-13/10/1977, Ja-
they provide the only direct method of observing the karta.
fracture network and obtaining fbndamental reservoir .LANDES, K.L., AMORUSO, J J., CHARLESWORTH, LJ .,
data. HEANY, F., AND LESPERANCE, P.J., 1960,Petroleum
Cummulative oil production to date from Beruk North. Resources in Basement Rocks: h e r . A m . Petrol. Geol.
east is approximately 1.23 million barrels of oil. Although BuU., v. 44,no. 10, pp. 1682-1691.
390
LEE,Rk,1982, Petroleum Geology of the Malacca Strait ROEZIN, S., 1974, The Discovery and Development of
Contract Area (Central Sumatra Basin): Proceed.llth Petapahan Oil Field, Central Sumatra: Proceed. 3rd Ann.
Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assn., 8-9/6/1982, Jakarta, Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assn., 3-41611974, Jakarta, pp.
pp. 243-263. 1 1 1-127.
TIWAR, S., and TARUNO, J., 1979, The Tanjung (South
LI GUOYU, 1981, "Buried Hill" Structure in the Bohai: Kalimantan) and Sei Teras Fields (South Sumatra): A
Petroleum News Magazine,vol. 12, no. 9, p. 17.
Case History of Petroleum in Pre-Tertiary Basement:
MARTIN, R., 1952, The Development and Oil-Bearing of Proceedings of the Committee For Coordination of Joint
the Lower T e h Formation in South Sumatra: un- Prospecting For Mineral Reserouces in Asian Offshore
published report, N.I.A.M., 7/29/1952, Pladju. South Areas (CCOP) Sixteenth Session, 10-189/1979, Ban-
Sumatra. dung, Indonesia, pp 238-247.
mRTOSON0, S., 1975, Geology of Pungut and Tandun YAN DUNSHI and ZHAI GUANGMING, 1980, Explora-
Oil Fields - Central Sumatra Basin: Proceed. 5th Ann. tion Practice in and Prospects of the Buried Hill Oil
Conv. Indon. Petrol. Am., 2-31611975, Jakarta, pp. Fields in North China: Principal lecture presented to the
165-179. United Nations International Meeting on Petroleum Geo-
MERTOSONO, S., and NAYOAN, G.A.S., 1974, The Ter- logy, Beijing, China, March 1980, published in Petrole-
tiary Basinal Area of Central Sumatra: Proceed. 3rd u'm Geology in China, ed., J.F. MASON, Penwell Books,
Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assn., 3-41611974, Jakarta, Tulsa, Ok., pp. 92-100.
pp. 63-76. ZILLMAN, N.J., and PATEN, RJ., 1975, Exploration and
OIL. + GAS JOURNAL, 1982, Esso's Chonnabot Find Petroleum Prospects, Bula Basin, Seram, Indonesia:
Draws Interest to Sparsely Drilled Thailand Basin, vol. Proceed. 4th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assn., 2-3/61
80, no. 48, pp. 90-94. 1975, Jakarta, pp. 129-148.
'VlSV ISV3HlnOS'NOlWL13 VONnS 3 H l A0
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FIG.4 MAJOR TECTONIC ELEMENTS
(MODIFIED FROM EUBANK+MAKKl,1981 AND LEE.1982 1
I
395
SERRdlVAk
LIAN
I" Brownish groy,calcoreous
shale ond.silistont ,
o c ca s iona I It mesto nes
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PALEO- PEMATANG FM. cla stone and carbonaceous
GENE 1
sha e p d fine to medium
grained sandstone
L
TABLE 1.
COASTAL PLAINS BLOCK WELL DATA
Sumnary o f Basement Core Data w i t h Aae Dates
Beruk Northeast No.1 Brecciated METAQUARTZITE, almost e n t i r e l y cocrposed 276 10 M.Y. (Ear1.r Permian), by K/Ar.
o f anhedral auartr; small amount o f nlcaceous
materjal along shears was used f o r K - A r age datlng.
Beruk Northeast No.2 Muscovi t e - t o u r n l i n e GRANITE. 179 f 5 M.Y. ( E a r l y Jurassfc), by K/Ar.
Beruk Northeast No.4 Garnet-muscov 1te-tourma 1ine MICROGRANI TE. 203 f 4 M.Y. (Late Trlasslc), by K/Ar.
Guntunq No.1 Cataclastic muscovite GRANITE, o r i q i n a l l y a coarse 122 2 2 M.Y. ( E a r l y Cretaceous), by K/Ar.
qralned a c i d i c igneous o l u t o n i c rock which h r s
undergone severe defomatlon.
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FIG.6
I BERUK NORTHEAST N0.I
PRODUCTW PERFORMANCE I
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1981 1982 1983 I984 1985