Thermo-Mechanical Stress Analysis Functionally Graded Tapered Shaft System by Using Ansys

AIJREAS VOLUME 1, ISSUE 11 (2016, NOV) (ISSN-2455-6300) ONLINE
ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
THERMO-MECHANICAL STRESS ANALYSIS FUNCTIONALLY

GRADED TAPERED SHAFT SYSTEM BY USING ANSYS
KALLUTLA SK.RIYAZ HUSSIAN DR.CH.SREEDHAR Ph.D

KONDALARAO M.Tech, Associate Professor Principal, A1 Global Institute
M.Tech, CAD/CAM, A1 (HOD), A1 Global Institute of Engg. & Technology
Global Institute of Engg. & of Engg. & Technology Darimadugu (Village),
Technology Arimadugu Darimadugu (Village), Markapur (M), Prakasam
(Village), Markapur (M), Markapur (M), Prakasam (Dist)-523316. A.P.
Prakasam (Dist) -523316, (Dist)-523316. A.P. Email:
A.P. Email: hussianpeera09@gmail.com
Kondal307@gmail.com
varying power law index value and speed as a
ABSTRACT parameter. Stress amplitude increases for increase in
Present work deals with the study of stresses developed speed and power law index. Results achieved for FG
in tapered functionally graded (FG) shaft system under shaft shows advantages over steel shaft. The work
both thermal and mechanical environment for three extends to optimise for better results by using advanced
nodded beam element by using Timoshenko beam simulation software ANSYS 14.0 workbench.
theory. The temperature distribution in radial direction Comparison results are tabulated and optimised results
is assumed based on one dimensional steady state are interpreted for future extension.
temperature field by Fourier heat conduction equation Keywords: Functionally graded materials (FGMs),
without considering heat generation. Temperature Power law index, Tapered shaft, Timoshenko beam
dependent material properties are varied along the theory (TBT), Three nodded beam element, Finite
radial direction using power law gradation. Tapered element method, Thermo-mechanical, Stress analysis,
FG shaft consists of rigid disk attached at its centre and ANSYS 14.0.
shaft is mounted on two flexible bearings acts as spring
and damper, inner radius of the tapered shaft is varying INTRODUCTION
in x direction keeping thickness of hollow tapered shaft Composite materials are materials, composed
is constant. For the present analysis the Mixture of
of two or more fundamental materials with
Stainless steel (SUS304) and Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
are considered as inner and outer surface material of different properties, when combined to get a
the FG shaft. Three dimensional constitutive relations material with different properties than that of
are derived based on first order shear deformation individual constituents. Composite material
theory (FSDT) for Timoshenko beam element structures are more frequently used in
considering rotary inertia, strain and kinetic energy of
engineering fields as their high strength to
shaft and gyroscopic effect. In present study, structural
and hysteretic damping is incorporated. Hamilton’s weight ratio and high stiffness to weight ratio
principle is used to derive governing equation of motion is basically favourable for material selection.
for three nodded beam element for six degree of Main disadvantage with composite material is,
freedom per node. Complete MATLB code is generated weakness in interface between neighbouring
and shows that temperature field and power law
layers, which is popularly known as
gradient index have important part on material
properties. Comparative study is carried out for delamination phenomenon that may cause
Stainless steel and FG tapered shaft, shows that stress structural failure. To overcome this problem, a
developed in FG shaft is comparatively lower than Steel new class of material presented, named as
shaft. Various results are obtained for coupled and Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs).
uncoupled environment. Transient stress is obtained for
FGMs are recognised as, whose material

EMAIL ID: anveshanaindia@gmail.com , WEBSITE: www.anveshanaindia.com
190
properties are varying in certain direction and rotational energy and small amount of
thus overcome interface weakness. FGMs are vibrational energy.
defined as, the materials whose volume Aurel B. Stodola (1924) developed dynamics
fractions of two or more materials are varied of elastic continuous rotor having discs
continuously along certain direction to attain without considering gyroscopic moment,
required purpose. FGMs provide better balancing of shaft, secondary resonance
material response and excellent performance phenomenon due to gravity effect and
in thermal environments like thermal barrier methods to determine critical speeds of shafts
and space application, where it is used to for variable cross sections, also by using
protect space shuttle from heat generated Coriolis accelerations supercritical solutions
during re-entry to Earth’s atmosphere by can be stabilized.
modelling ceramic material at outer surface Baker (1933) found and defined that because
metal at inside surface. of contact between rotor and stator system
Rotor dynamics has a significant history, exhibits self-exited vibrations. David M.
mainly due to its relationship with theory and Smith (1933) found formulas for predicting
practice. Rotor dynamics is a particular branch threshold spin speed for supercritical
of applied mechanics deals with the instability varied through bearing stiffness and
performance and analysis of rotor assemblies. also with ratio between external to internal
Rotor dynamics mostly used to analyse the viscous damping. Many variations came
performance of a turbine shafts, jet engine to closer to practical needs of the rotor dynamic
auto engines and computer storage disks. field for Jeffcott rotor model. Prohl’s and
Basically Rotor dynamics deals with rotor and Myklestad’s (1945) analysed instabilities and
stator. Rotating part in mechanical devices are modelling methods in rotors dynamics by
called rotors, which are supported on bearings, Transfer Matrix Method (TMM).
thus shaft rotate freely about its axis. Many In 1960s, for exact solution capabilities,
engineering components are deals with the numerical methods are established for
subject of Rotor dynamics and which gives structural dynamic analysis, rotor dynamics
better solution for components like turbines, codes and digital computer codes were
compressors, alternators, blowers, motors, constructed on TMM method. In 1970s
pumps, brakes etc. alternative fundamental procedure developed
Rotor delivers with behaviour of materials to that is Finite Element Method (FEM),
limit their spin axis in a more or rigid way to a developed for solution of beam type of
fixed position in space, those are mentioned to models. In 21st century, rotor dynamics are
as fixed rotor (considering spin speed is combined FEM and solids modelling methods
constant), while rotors which are not to create simulations that adapt the coupled
considering in any way are mentioned as free behaviour of disks, elastic shafts and elastic
rotors (considering spin speed is governed by support assemblies into a single,
conservation of angular momentum). In multidimensional-model.
process, Rotors have excessive deal with
OBJECTIVES

191
1. MATLAB results taken from the literature and solution for ordinary differential equations
review of before work done by dinesh are solved by Laplace transforms technique.
2. Modelling has been carred of in creo2.0 Farhatnia et al. [5] presented stress
modelling software distribution for composite beam having FGM
3. Literature work results has been interpret in in middle layer. Temperature dependent
advanced simulation software ANSYS 14.0 material properties are considered for uniform
for optimum results. temperature gradient. Jyothula et al. [6]
presented nonlinear analysis of FGMs in
LITERATURE REVIEW thermal environment by changing material
Great number of research has been done in the variation parameter, aspect ratio, and
field of modelling and analysis of FGM’s. boundary condition re analysed with higher
Some of important workout has been done and order displacement model. Nonlinear
presented in following section. Composite simultaneous equation are obtained by
materials possess high strength and stiffness. Navier’s method and equations are solved by
This is an outcome for the use of composite Newton Raphson iterative method. Callioglu
materials in field of aircraft and space shuttles. [7] presented thermoelasticity solution for FG
In an attempt to develop heat resistant disc. By using infinitesimal deformation
materials FGMs are developed. Composition theory and power law distribution used to get
of two or materials and structures changes solution. Stress and displacement variation are
over volume by using some gradation laws presented along radial position due to
such as, exponential law power law, stepwise centrifugal action, steady state temperature,
variation and continuous variation [1]. internal and external pressure. Abotula et al.
Schmauder et al. [2] investigated mechanical [8] studied stress field for curving cracks in
behaviour of ZrO2/NiCr 80 20 compositions FGMs for thermo-mechanical loading.
FGMs are analysed and compared with Using strain energy density criterion effect of
experimental results. And also found that new curvature parameters, temperature gradients
parameter matricity controls the stress level of on crack growth directions, non-homogeneity
composite, globally and also locally. Sladek et values are found and discussed. Bhandari et al.
al. [3] analysed time dependent heat [9] studied parametric study of FGM plate by
conduction in nonhomogeneous FGMs. varying volume fraction distribution and
Laplace transforms technique is used to solve boundary conditions. Static analysis of FGM
initial boundary value problem. Results plate has studied by sigmoid law and
obtained for finite strip and hollow cylinder compared with literature. Kursun et al. [10]
having exponential variation of material presented stress distribution in a long hollow
properties. Shao et al. [4] presented stress FG cylinder under thermomechanical
analysis of FG hollow circular cylinder in environment. By using infinitesimal
combined mechanical and thermal deformation theory, solution for displacement
environment by considering linearly model are found.
increasing temperature. Temperature
dependent material properties are considered

192
MATERIAL MODELLING FOR

TAPERED FG SHAFT
Material modelling of FG tapered shaft is
explained in detail in this chapter by taking
power law gradation and exponential
gradation.
Actual Material Properties of FGM
Properties of FGMs are changing along
certain directions, so that it is required to find
effective material properties of FGMs
applying to shaft. For exact analysis of FGMs
it is required to find accurate material
properties. Many simulations are established
for determining properties of FG shaft. Bulk
constituent properties assumes no interaction
between phases by employing rule of mixture.
Thermo physical properties are derived by
variation approach. Spatial distribution of
constituent materials are having information
about micromechanical approach.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A complete MATLAB code has been
developed and validated for above
formulation. Results are presented for
different stresses, speed and power law index
value based on problem specified below.
Problem Description and Summarization of
3D MODELLING Discussion
Tapered shaft consists of rigid disk attached at
its centre, supported on two similar bearings.
Shaft is modelled for present analysis using
three nodded beam element. Dimensions of
shaft and rigid disk are presented in Table 5.
1. Tapered shaft is divided into 10 elements,
and 8 equal thick layers. Stiffness and

193
damping coefficients for two identical

bearings are taken as Kyy=7 × 107 N/m, Kzz=5
× 107 N/m, Cyy=700 Ns/m, Czz=500 Ns/m.
ELASTIC STRAIN
Figure: Temperature variation in mid-section

of tapered FG shaft.
EQUIVALENT STRESS
ANSYS RESULTS
SHEAR ELASTIC STRAIN
DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION
SHEAR STRESS

194
i. Nonlinear modelling of FG shaft.

ii. Active vibration control of FG shaft.
iii. Analysis and control of breathing
crack in FG shaft.
REFERENCES
1. Y.Miyamoto, W.A.Kaysser, B.H.Rabin,
A.Kawasaki and R.G.Ford, Functionally
TOTAL DEFORMATION
Graded Materials: Design, Processing and
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Applications, Kluwer Academic
Present study supports to draw following
Publishers, London, 1999.
important conclusions.
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functionally graded materials by numerical
element has been implemented for
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modelling and analysis of FG tapered
Mechanics, 71(2001): pp. 182-192.
shaft by taking into account of
3. Sladek J., Sladek V. and Zhang Ch.
structural damping and hysteretic
Transient Heat Conduction Analysis in
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Equation Method, Computational
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without considering heat generation.
mechanical Stresses in Functionally
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Graded Circular Hollow Cylinder with
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different power law index value.
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steel and FG shaft by taking
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Scope of future work

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Thermo-Mechanical Stress Analysis Functionally Graded Tapered Shaft System by Using Ansys

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AIJREAS VOLUME 1, ISSUE 11 (2016, NOV) (ISSN-2455-6300) ONLINE

ANVESHANA’S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES