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2005 ckESpf ? rwfv? trSwf 133

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138 Gesture Recognition
145 Web 0efaqmifrI pum;&nfvkyGJ

New Product
54 New Product in Yangon

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71 ynma&;twGuf v,fvdkrsm; vHIYaqmfay;MuOD;rvJ
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107 EkdifiHwum uGefysLwmowif;ESifh rSwfpk

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88 uGefysLwmxJrS Virus awGeJY uRefawmf

Art Of Game
82 C&C General: Zero Hours
90 Sm Pirate

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150 Icon vSvSav;awG wnfaqmufMu&atmif

TECHNICAL SUPPORT 153 vG,fulavhvm uGefysLwm Window XP oifcef;pm

Technomation Studios
160 Infotech
Studios
168 Java Developer Guide

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 107

9
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tifwmeuftaMumif; odaumif;p&m -2
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10 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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tao;pm;av;awGrSmvnf;&Edkifao;w,f/
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awmh minibrowser vdYk ac:w,f/ 'Dy½d*k &rf
awG[m jrifuGif;ao;ao;eJY vkyfaqmifEdkif
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uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 11

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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wm qmAmBuD;awGu wpfqifh web page awGrmS
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uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 13

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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16 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

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uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 17

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18 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

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uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 19

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Know When To Spend
toH;k p&dwf tuefYtowf&adS eMuonfh uGeyf sL
wm toH;k jyKorl sm;twGuf freeware rsm;udk down-
load vkyf,lí rdrdtoHk;csvkdonfh jznfhqnf;rI
twGuf taotcsm &,lEkdifMurnfom jzpfonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh *drf;upm;vdkonf qkdMuygpdkY? ,aeY
acwfay: *drf;topfwpfckudk 0,f,lupm;ygu
a':vm 50 cefY rvGJraoG oHk;pGJ&awmhrnf/
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d aejzifh vkyif ef; &yfem;pOf pdwaf jyvufaysmuf
upm;&eftwGuf xkdokdYaom aiGyrmPudk oHk;pGJ&ef
oifhawmfEkdifrnf r[kwfay/ Web freebies rsm;
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tjcm;toHk;wnfhonfh vkyfief;oHk; aqmhzf0Jrsm;
vnf; yg&SdvmEdkifonf/ odkYtwGuf Web Free-
bies u@onf odxm;oifhaom tcsuf jzpfae
rnfudk rnfolrQ jiif;qkdMuvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
29
The Right Tool For the Job
xl;uJaom tcrhJ System Utilities tpkta0;

,aeYacwf yDpDrsm;onf 20 &mpkESpfrsm;qDrS OS wGif ab;&efrS tumtuG,f jyKay;Ekdifap&ef

yDpDrsm;rsm;ESifh tajctae t&yf&yfrsm;pGm uGmjcm; 'DZkdif;jyKxm;onfh security
aeNyD jzpf o nf / Processing power onf patches vnf; rvGJraoG
vnf;aumif;? memory rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? ygvmygvdrhfrnf/
hard drive rsm;onf vnf;aumif; ydkrkdjrifhrm;ae
jcif;aMumifh rnfuo Jh Ydkaom task rsKd ;yifjzpfap Ekid ef if; Antivirus utilities
pGm vkyaf qmifEidk pf rG ;f &SMd uonf/ ,aeYacwf yDprD sm; ,cktcg ae&mwkdif;
\ limiting factor qkdonfrSm components rsm; wGif malicious code rsm;
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f nf[k ajymír&awmhay/ Code rsm; &Sd ae wwf onf/ Web
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xdckdufrIrsm;? Registry values ausmfvGefrIrsm;? Munhfjcif;? tD;ar;vftm;
toH;k r0ifawmhonfh files rsm; rsufpad emufaprnfh tao;pdwf *½kwpkdufzwf½Ijcif;? tifwmeufrS avast!4 Home
pop-up aMumfjimrsm;ESifh spam rsm;uhJokdYaom download files rsm; qGJ,ljcif;wkdY aqmif&Guf&m Edition \ ½k;d &Si;f aom
tjcif;t&mrsm;wdkYonf rdrdyDpD\ vkyfief;aqmif wGif Akdif;&yfrsm;? 0rf;rsm;? x½kd*sifa[mhrsm; vHk;0 user interface j zifh
wmrsm; jyKvkyf&mwGif aESmifhaES; MuefYMumaponf/ uif;pifonf[k pdwfcsvufcsjzifh vufvGwfpy,f rdrd twGuf
csdKU,Gif;ysufpD;aponf/ uHtm;avsmfpGm tqkdyg vkyfí r&Ekdifawmhay/ rdrdyDpDwGif tumtuG,f vdtk yfaom system
jyóemrsm;udk umuG,frI? jyKjyifrI ay;Ekdifaprnfh jyKrIrsm; pDpOfxm;&Sd&rnf/ tqkdyg digital inva- security udk
tcrhJ downloadable programs rsm;pGm &,lEkdif duals rsm; csOf;eif;0ifa&mufvmrI ab;rS tum vG,fulpGm
aeNyD jzpfonf/ tifwmeufrSwpfqifh tqifoifh tuG,fjyK&eftxd aemufqHk;rSm Symantec's aqmif&u G af y;onf
vkdtyforQ a&G;xkwf,l&efom &Sdonf/ Norton Anti Virus (wefz;kd
a':vm 50 cefY) odkYr[kwf
The Best Defence Mc Afee Virus Scan
tu,fírsm; rdrd download vkyf,l&&Sdaom (wefzdk;a':vm 60 cefY)
y½kd*&rfrsm;wGif Akdif;&yfpfrsm; pydkif0Jrsm;ESifh tjcm; uhJokdYaom aemufqHk;xkwf
tbdZÑmrsm;aom malicious code rsm; a&maESmyg&Sd antivirus utility wpfckudk
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utilities rsm;udk toHk;csum *½kwpkduf aqmif&Guf tEÅ&m,ft00udk cGJjcrf; Spyware ESihf tjcm; intrusive code wkdY
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dows-update.microsoft.com) okdY 0ifa&muf aom Akdif;&yf tEÅ&m,fqdk; Destroy onf Registry backup wpfcu k kd
Munhfum ¤if;wGif &Sdaeonfh r&Sdrjzpf aemufqHk; rsm;udk tvG,fwul z,f zefwD;,lvdrfhrnf/ odkYtwGuf vdktyfvQif
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jzpf\/ tqkdyg updates rsm;teuf Windows jyKjyifjyifqifay;Ekdifao;

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 31


Sygate Personal
Firewall onf
tifwmeufokdY
qufoG,fxm;aom
uGeyf sLwmwpfv;kH csi;f
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protection rsm;
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utility monitors
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½k;d ½k;d av;
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toH;k jyKEidk o f nf/
onf/ odkYtwGuf full-fledged antivirus utility
wpfckESifh ¤if;\ tcgtm;avsmfpGm xkwfvmaom
update twGuf ukefusrnfh p&dwfrsm;udk vuf
rwGefYapvkdaMumif; tBuHjyKvdkygonf/
txufygtBuHjyKcsuu f kd wifjyNyD;onfah emuf
online rS wpfqifh tcrhJ&,lEkdifaom standalone
antivirus utilities wpfpt
kH aMumif;ukv d nf; azmfjy
ay;vkdygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm ALWIL Software's
avast! 4 Home Edition (http://www.asw.cz/
eng/avast-4-home.html) ESifh Grisoft's AVG
Anti-Virus FREE Edition (http://free.
grisoft.com/freeweb.php) wkdY jzpf\/ ¤if;wkdY
onfvnf; tbdZÑm
rsm;aom taES m if h
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file wpfcc k si;f twGuf
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code yg ryg tcsufay; wifjyay;rI jyKygvdrr
xkdy½kd*&rfwkdif;wGif tcsdefZ,m;ESifhtnD virus-
scan vky& f ef nTeMf um;ay;Ekid pf rG ;f &SMd u\/ awGUvm
onfh Akdif;&yf trsdK;tpm;udkvnf; tvdktavsmuf
wifjyay;vdrhfrnf/
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csufrmS opfqef;onfh Akid ;f &yfprf sdK;udk azmfxw
&mwGif Norton ESifh McA free wkdYavmuf wdus
jywfom;pGm pGr;f aqmifEidk rf I r&So d uho J Ydk Akid ;f &yfpu f kd
awGU&SdvQif oD;jcm;z,fxkwfxm;jcif;rSvGJí jyKjyif
ay;EkdifpGrf; r&Sday/ qkdvkdonfrSm rdrd\ system
ESifh ukd,fykdif files rsm;tay: wku d ½f u dk zf suq
tumtuG,fjyKay;Ekdiaf omfvnf; ¤if;wkdYudk csuf
csi;f armif;xkw&f efEiS hf xdcu
dk rf u I kd csucf si;f jyKjyifay;
EkdifrI enf;yg;aejcif; jzpfonf/ okdY&mwGif ¤if;wkdY
twGuf tcsdef,lum vkyfaqmifay;Ekdifrnfh up-
date shareware version rsm;pGm &Sdaewwfyg
onf/ wduspGm tBuHjyKEkdifonfrSm tcrhJ&Ekdifaom
free antivirus utility onf wpfu, dk af &oH;k tdro
uGefysLwmorm;rsm;twGuf aocsmpGm toHk;0if
rnf jzpfaomfvnf; pD;yGm;aqmif&GufrI vkyfief;ykdif;
qkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;ESifh ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf
rl tjynfht0 axmufcHcsuf ray;EkdifaMumif;yif
jzpf\/
Spyware and adware detection
,cktcg vl&rf;um; digital miscreants
rsm;onf spyware ESifh adware rsm;udk tvGef
prf;oyfzefw;D aevkMd uonf/ enterprising crack-
ers rsm;qky
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avhvmum zsufvkdzsufqD; vkyfvkdonftxd &SdMu
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tumtuG,jf yK&eftwGuf aiGaMu; wpfpw kH pf&m
ukefusp&mrvkdaom tumtuG,fjyK y½kd*&rfrsm;
&Ekdifygonf/ Ad-aware (http:// www.lava-
soft.de) okdYr[kwf spybot search & Destroy
(http://www.security.kolla.de) [lonfh y½k* d &rf
ESpfckudk toHk;csEkdifonf/ tcsdKUaom uGefysLwm
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k Mum; conflicts jzpfwwfonfurkd l owdjyK&
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onf malware trsdK;rsdK;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmay;vdrfh
k af y; rnf/ Browser hijackers (rdrd\ personal
browser settings rsm;udk tajymif;tvJvkyfonfh
y½kd*&rf) intrusive data miners (roufqkdifol
tm; rdrd\ ukd,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm;xkwf,l
onfh y½kd*&rf) dialers (rdrd\ dialup connec-
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tent rsm;udk EIduf,lonfh y½kd*&rf) ESifh Keystroke
loggers (roufqkdifolwpfOD;rS rdrdESdyfoGif;,lxm;
onfh Keys rsm;udk zrf;,lonfh y½kd*&rf) rsm; tyg
t0if jzpfonf/ tqkyd g threats rsm;udk Ad-aware
ESifh Spybot wkdYrS umuG,fjcif; ajzazsmufjcif;
jyKvkyfay;Ekdifygonf/
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32 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

Firewalls
vHkjcHKa&;qkdif&m aqmhzf0Jrsm;xJrS uGefysLwm
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trsdK;tpm;wpfckrSm firewall wpfckyifjzpf\/ rdrd
system \ t0iftxGufudpörsm;tm;vHk;udk fire-
wall wpfcku traffic monitor tjzpf aqmif&Guf
ay;onf/ tvkd&Sdonfh data udk awmif;cHjcif;
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ta&;BuD;aom aqmif&GufcsufrSm system ykdif&Sif
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a&; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk ykid yf ikd Ef idk Ef idk f xde;f
csKyfay;xm;Ekdifonf/
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wpfck toifhxnfhay;xm;\/ odkY&mwGif toHk;
jyKoltaejzifh udk,fykdif firewall wpfckudkawmh in-
stall vkyfxm;&ef vkdtyfygonf/ tu,fí xkdokdY
ukd,fydkif firewall wpfckckudk install vkyf,l
awmhrnfqydk gu Kerio Personal Firewall (http:/
/smb.sygate.com) odkYr[kwf Zone Lab's Zone
Alarm Firewall (http://www. zonelabs.com)
wdYk ukd toH;k jyK&ef tBuHjyKvkyd gonf/ dial-up con-
nection wpfct k wGujf zpfap? broadband Internet
connection wpfcktwGufjzpfap tajctaeudk
vdkufí vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk ¤if;wkdYu aqmif&Gufay;
onf/ vG,fulpGm pDrHuGyfuJEkdifa&;twGuf intui-
tive interface wpfckESifh t0iftxGuf data vrf;
aMumif;rsm;udk ajc&mcHEkdifa&;twGuf logging
capabilities rsm; toifh &Sdaernf jzpf\/
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onfh free firewall y½kd*&rfrsm;wkdYonf pD;yGm;a&;
udpör[kwfonfh tdrfwGif; vkyfief;oHk;orm;rsm;
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tu,fí rdro d nf network rsm; csdwu f m vkyif ef;
udprö sm; aqmif&u
G af e&onfh uGeyf sLwm toH;k jyKol
rsm; jzpfygu professional edition rsm;udkom
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udk 0,f,ltoHk;jyKrnfqkdvQifyif a':vm 40 rS
45 a':vmtxd ukefusEkdifonf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
System Performance
Windows OS wkdif;wGif system mainte-
nance Utilities awmfawmfrsm;rsm; wGJvsuf ygvm
wwfonf/ tqkdyg utilities trsm;pkwGif Scan
Disk ESifh Disk Defragmenter tygt0if drive
maintenance y½kd*&rfrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ Sys-
tem performance tjrifhqHk;txd toHk;csEkdif
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utilities rsm;udk yHkrSefarmif;ESifaqmif&Gufay;ae
&ygrnf/ tu,fírsm; aiGaMu;wwfEkdifvQifrl
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jznfhwif;,lxm;oifhonf/
Registry optimization
Windows Registry qkdonfrSm system
settings rsm;ESifh personal preferences rsm;
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D toGif
tjyifwkdif;udk Registry's countless keys (fold-
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rsm;ESifh values (setting
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udk running vkyf,ljcif;jzifh storage space udk
xdkufxkdufwefwef toHk;csEkdifum system speed
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onf/ ,aeYacwfwiG f 0,f,t l oH;k jyKEidk o
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tem maintenance suites trsm;pkwGif Registry rIudk aus;Zl;wifMu&ygvdrhfrnf/ Data rsm; wpf
cleaner wpfck ygvmpjrJjzpf\/ okdYaomf stand- ae&mrS tjcm;wpfae&modkY ajymif;a&TUjcif; pro-
alone Registray cleaner rsdK;udkvnf; tcrhJ &,l cess onf vHk;0csdKU,Gif;csuf r&Sdaom vkyfief;pOf
Ekdifygonf/ taumif;qHk; ESpfrsdK;rSm Tweak Now wpf&yf jzpfvm&onf/ rdrdtaejzifh yDpDrS zwf,l
Reg Cleaner (http: Ekdifaom peripatetic files rsm;udk convert vkyf
//www. tweaknow. ay;rnfh utility wpfckom vkdtyfaeonf/ wpfck
com) ESifh ToniArts' awmh&Sdonf/ File formats trsdK;rsdK; us,fjyefYpGm
Easy Cleaner (http: taumif;qHk; convert vkyfay;Edkifrnfh free-ware
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programs onf taumif;qH;k [lonfh tcsufur kd l
fi/business/toni-
arts/ecleane.htm) wduspGm ajymEkid jf cif; r&Sad o;ay/ a,bk,soabm
wdkYjzpfonf/ tqkdyg tajz&SmMunhrf nfqydk gu jet Audio Basic (http:/
y½k d * &rf r sm;onf /www.jetaudio.com) onf audio file conver-
outdated files rsm;? sions twGuv f nf;aumif;? OmniFormat (http:/
obsolete short- /www.omnifor mat.com) onf image file con-
cuts rsm;? duplicate versions twGufvnf;aumif;? pdf 995 printer
file rsm;? temporary driver (http://www.pdf 995.com) onf text file
files rsm;ESifh tjcm; system residue rsm;udk xkwf rsm;udk PDF (Portable Document Format) file
TweakNow Reg
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Registry udk Utilities wki
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d nfh taumif;qHk; jzpfapygvdrfhrnf/
&Si;f vif;vkyif ef;twGuf udpörsm;udk jyefvnf y,fzsufay;Ekdifonfh undo
jyóemt&if;cHudk feature wpfckawmh ygvmpjrJ jzpf\/ odkYygvsuf Internet Utilities
cGJjcm;jcif;ESifh rnfonfh rdrdtaejzifh tqkdyg utility wpfckck okdYr[kwf tifwmeufudk xkdufwefpGm toHk;csEkdifap
ae&mokYd rdrt d aejzifh Registry cleaner wpfcc k u
k kd toH;k rcsrD full Reg- &eftvkdYiSm rdrdyDpDwGif tifwmeufESifh ywfouf
&nfnTef;aMumif; istry backup wpfckudk xm;&SdNyD; ppfaq;&ygvdrfh onfh aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk t&nftaoG;jynfhjynhf jznfh
ar;jref;,ljcif;wkdYudk rnf/ wif;xm;&ef vkdtyfygonf/ xkdYtjyif online
jyKvkyfum aqmif&Guf content jyifus,fBuD;wpfckudk jzwfoef;oGm;cGifh
(Windows OSes trsdK;rsdK;twGuf backup
ay;onf/ taumif; jyKay;rnfh Web browser wpfckvnf; &Sdxm;&yg
options rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh information udk
qHk;rSm toHk;rjyK
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system udk reboot Munh½f I avhvmEkid of nf/) tvufrsm; jyKpkjcif;wkdYwGif taxmuftul &Ekdif
jyefvkyf&efyifjzpfonf/ Registry optimization utility onf aom additional utilities erlemtcsdKUudk a&G;cs,f
rdrd pdwfxJwGif oHo, jyóemwpfckudk ajz&Sif;&ef BudK;pm;&if; ydkrkdcufcJ xm;&SdEkdifonf/
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z,fxkwfypf&rnf wpfckpDwGif &SdaMumif;awmh txl;owdjyK&rnf/ Combo search tools and pop-up stoppers
jzpf\/ txl;ojzifh acwfrrDawmhaom utility rsdK;jzifh tcsdKUaom freeware utilities rsm;jzifh rdrd\
jyóemjzpfwwfonf/ odyBf uD;us,af om jyóem online vkyi f ef;twGuf add on toolbar uho
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wkYd jzpfonf/ Yahoo! accounts &Sad om uGeyf sLwm
toHk;jyKolrsm;qkdygu book marks rsdK;? shop-
ping areas rsdK;rsm;twGuf one click access jzifh
tcGifhta&;rsdK; &&SdEdkifonfh tjyif udk,fykdif oD;jcm;
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37
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www.mapquest.com) onf wdwu d sus vrf;nTef
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nTefMum;ay;Ekdifonf/ logical directions rsdK;udk
ay;Ekdifonf/ vmchJaomvrf;udk jyefoGm;vdkvQif
38 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
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ojzifh pmnTef;tjyif Java map jzifh tao;pdwf
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rsm;pGm &Sdaeygonf/ okdY&mwGif kodak rS pDpOfxm;
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rsm;yif jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif odyÜHydkif;qkdif&m wGuf
csufrIESifh tykdif;*Pef;rsm;? standards rsm;twGuf
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av,mOfvufrSwftwGufjzpfap? [dkw,f ae&m onf taumif;qH;k [k nTe;f
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40 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f


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hf a&; omaeonf/ olzY ciftaejzifh
AD',
D ½dk yk &f iS rf sKd ;udk aps;EIe;f Bu;D jrifv
h o
S jzifh iSm;Munh&f onf/

42 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 txl;aqmif;yg;

uGeyf sLwm
1979 ck E S p f q D u
odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;? aiGpm&if;
ypönf;pm&if; jznfhoGif;rSwf
,l&olrsm;ESifh tif*sifeD,m
rsm;om uGefysLwmudk toHk;
jyKMuonf/ odkYtwGuf jyify
avmuom;rsm;taejzif h
Calculator rsm;rSwpfyg;?
uGefysLwmqkdonfht&mudk
jrifawGUMunfh½Izl;ol r&SdMu
ay/ ynm&S i f r sm;yif v Qif
sinclair Zx 80, Apple II ESihf
Commodore PET trsdK;
trnf&Sd uGefysLwmrsm;udk
om oHk;cGifh&Muojzifh olY
zciftaejzifh electronic
calculator rsm;udkom pm;yGJ
wif yHpk t H aejzihjf zpfap? tdwf
aqmif yHkpH taejzifhjzpfap
oH;k pGcJ iG &hf cho
J nf/ ,aeYacwf
txifay:q;kH ypön;f ESprf sKd ; (,aeYacwf aiGaps;jzifh csed n
f ad§ zmfjyxm;onf)
onf ae&mwkdif;rSm uGefysL
wm[kyif ajymqko d wfrwS Ef idk f 1979 2004
Muojzifh wpfudk,fa&oHk; Apple II - a':vm 5500 Palm Tur gsten T3 - a':vm 390
urgsten
uGefysLwmtqifhudk tenf; Visi Calc trnf&Sd electronic preadsheet 64 MB-RAM yg&Sdaom PDA av; jzpf
qHk;xm;í olYtwGuf toHk; program jzifh toHk;jyK&onf/ odyÜHynm&Sif onf/ resolution txl;aumif;aom dis-
jyKEkid of nht f jyif tdwaf qmif rsm;? pm&if;jyKpkolrsm;om oHk;Mu&í trsm; play yg&Sdonhftjyif Bluetooth pepfvnf;
uGefysLwmav;rsm;udkvnf; oHk;ypönf; r[kwfay/ xnhfoGif;yg&Sdonf/
toHk;jyKEkdifao;onf/ xkdY Commodore PET - a':vm 3200 Dell New Dimensio
Dimension n XPS-a':vm 3200
tjyif tdwaf qmifueG yf sLwm 9 vufrt&G,f armfeDwmuav;jzifh wpf Pentuem 4 chip ESifh 1 GB-RAM wkdY wyf
av;rsm;jzifhyif tifwmeuf a&mifwnf;aom pmvHk;rsm;jzifhom toHk;jyK qifxm;NyD; DVD bunner ESifh flat screen
uGef&ufrsdK;wGif 0ifa&muf Ekdifí 8 KB RAM omyg\/ tu,fí 32 monitor wdkYudkyg wGJzufyg&Sdonf/ Gam-
Munhf½IqufoG,fcGihf &aeNyD KB-RAM odkY upgrade vkyf,lvkdygu ing PC tqifhjzpfonf/
jzpfygonf/ a':vm 1000 cefY xyfrHukefusonf/

Verdict : vlwkdif; uGefysLwmtoHk;jyKcGihf &EkdifMuouhJokdY t&m&mwdkif;udk uGefysLwmpepfjzifh

wnfaqmufxm;aom ypön;f rsm; tvG,w f ul toH;k jyKEidk Mf uygonf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f 45

 txl;aqmif;yg;

toHyikd ;f qdik &f m

1979 ckESpfwGif toHykdif;qdkif&m tqifjh rifh toHt&nftaoG;rsm;r&Sad y/ aom taetxm;rsdK;awmh &&SdMuonf/
enf;ynm tjrifhqHk;tcsdef a&muf&Sdae tdrfwGif;oHk; deck comper rsm;onf Music player av;rsm;ESifh headset
ojzifh hi-fi pepfo;kH music player rsm; 1979 ckEpS uf t&nftaoG;tqihx f uf wdkYrSm ao;i,fayghyg;aom 'DZkdif;jzifh
toHk;jyKMuonf/ tifrwef Munfvif rydkEdkifao;ygay/ Walkman av;jzifh toHk;jyKcGifh&Muonf/
jywfom;aom sound track rsm;udk re- oDcsif;wpfacGukd 12 yk'pf mcefY &Ekid af om
cording vkyf,lEkdifojzifh? turntable tqihrf S oDcsif;yk'af & &mcsDxnfoh mG ;Edik f
rsm; tape recorder BuD;rsm;udk ig;aycefY
txd tjrifh&Sdaom Sound box BuD;rsm;
jzifh zGifhí uMu? aysmfjrL;Mu&onf/
vrf;oGm;&if;? c&D;oGm;&if; tdwfxJ
wGiaf qmifí ,lomG ;Ekid af om walkman
av;rsm;&SdrSom vli,fb0 jynhfpHkouhJ
odkY cHpm;chJMu&onf/ olYzciftaejzifh
Bright Eyes, YMCA ESifh I will sur-
vive trnf&Sd oDcsif;rsm;zGifhum *Dw
t&omjynfpHkpGm cHpm;cGifh &SdMuonf/
TPS - L2 model av; wGifyif head-
phone sockets rsm; yg0ifaeojzifh olY
zcifonf ABBA \ Gimme! Gimme!
Gimme! oDcsi;f udk em;axmif&if; vku d f
qkdcGifh&chJonf/ olYacwfwGif Apple
iPod udk 0,f,lem;qifEkdifaomfvnf;

txifay:q;kH ypön;f ESprf sKd ; (,aeYacwf aiGaps;jzifh csed n

f ad§ zmfjyxm;onf)
1979 2004
Sony Walkman TPS-L2 - a':vm 550 Apple i Pod- 20 GB - a':vm 375
Shock-proof ESifh recording tqifh ryg&Sdaomfvnf; taumif;qH;k [laom sound quality r&Sad omfvnf; oDcsif;
audio quality tjynfht0yg&Sdaom urÇmay:ü yxrqHk; ESifh aw;*Dwyk'fa&aygif; ajrmufrsm;pGm odkrSD;em;qifEdkif
ay:xGufaom audio player jzpfonf/ onf/ bufx&Dtm;ay:rlwnfí tcsed Mf umMumzGiEhf idk o f nf/
Technics SL - 1200 MIC 2-a':vm 760 Technics SL-1200 GLD - a':vm 1100
1970 ckESpfu pwifxkwfvkyfchJaom Turntable trsdK; 1979 ckEpS w
f iG f xkwv
f yk af om pufuykd if a&Ta&mifu,
dk xf nf
tpm;udk MK2 jznfo
h iG ;f wyfqifvu
dk o
f jzifh urÇmay:wGif jzifh jyefvnfxkwf,ljcif; jzpfonf/ Audio sound qual-
yxrqHk; hifi deck set jzpfvmapNyD; taumif;qHk; hifi ity rSm a&S;,ciftwkdif; xdyfwef;tqifh qufvuf&Sdae
compo jzpfonf/ ao;onf/
Verdict : olzY cifacwfrS audio quality udk rausmv
f mT ;Ekid o
f nft
h jyif vlwidk ;f oH;k Ekid af om yHpk t
H aetxm;jcif; rwlnMD uay/

46 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 txl;aqmif;yg;

"mwfyHkuifr&mESifh ½kyf&Sifuifr&m
olYzcifacwfwiG f toH;k
jyKchJMuaom zvif"mwfyHk
uif r &mES i f h AD ' D , d k ½ k y f & S i f
uif r &mt&nf t aoG ; ud k
,aeYtxd jzwfausmfrwuf
Ek d i f a o;ay/ tMurf ; zsOf ;
Oyrmtm;jzifh axmuf½MI unfh
ygu 1979 ckESpfrS uif
r&mrsm;udk master tacG
tjzpf ,aeYtxdtoHk;jyKae
Mu&ao;onf/ wpfaeYxuf
wpfaeY wkd;jr§ifhxkwfvkyfvm
aom'pf*spw f ,fuifr&mrsm;
onf zvif"mwfyHk t&nf
taoG;udk pHcsdefjyKum jyif
qif xw k vf yk cf &Jh jcif; jzpf\/
1976 ckESpfwGif micropro-
cessor jzifh yxrqHk; xkwf
vkycf aJh om Canon AE-1 ESihf
txifay:q;kH ypön;f ESprf sKd ; (,aeYacwf aiGaps;jzifh csed n
f ad§ zmfjyxm;onf)
1979 2004 NikonFM wkYdrmS "mwfyy
kH nm
Canon A-1 SLR - a':vm 1650 Nikon D 70 SLR - a':vm 1700
&Sifrsm; ,aeYwkdif csD;rGrf;
with 50mm Lens with 1.8 - 70 mm Lens axmyemjyKae&qJ jzpfyg
tqifjh rifeh nf;ynmoH;k electronic camera aemufqHk;ay: 'pf*spfw,f SLR uifr&m onf/
trsdK;tpm;rsdK; jzpfonf/ full manual con- trsdK;tpm;jzpfonf/ Shock proof yHkpH olYacwfwGif ,aeY jrif
trols rsm;ESifh seven element LED read- jyKvkyfxm;onf/ High-speed 3 fps burst awGUae&aom 'pf*spfw,f
out wkdYyg&Sdonf/ mode yg0ifonf/ uifr&mrsm;onf rdrdwGif
uGefysLwmESifh y&ifwmom
Beaulier 1008 X L - a':vm 1940 Hitachi DZ - mv 550 - a':vm 1200 &SdaeNyD;jzpfygu "mwfyHkqkdif
movie camer
cameraa DVD cspy f jf ym;jzifh wku
d ½f u
kd f ½ku
d x
f nf,
h El idk f okdY oGm;íul;,l&onfh 'ku©
Super 8 Sound camera taejzifh t&nf onf/ 18 x zoom wpfckESifh image staba- rsdK;awmh r&Sdawmhay/ xkdY
taoG;aumif;rGefrIudk rSwfausmufwifcHchJ& liser wpfckwkdY yg0ifonf/ twl rd r d ½ d k u f u l ; NyD ; orQ
onf/ power zoom wpfck? stop frame
udkvnf; csufcsif; tMurf;
shutter wpfck? auto exposure wpfckESifh
rsOf; ppfaq;,lEdkifygonf/
½kyfoHESpfrsdK;vHk; jyKvkyfEkdifaom fade mode
&if;ESD;&aom aiGaMu;yrmP
Verdict : ,cifu &Sad eonfh image quality udk pHxm; vkyu
f ikd af e&qJ jzpfonf/ rsm;rSmvnf; odyrf uGmvSay/

48 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 txl;aqmif;yg;

tdwfaqmifypönf; axGaxG&m&m
txifay:q;kH ypön;f ESprf sKd ; (,aeYacwf
aiGaps;jzifh csed n
f ad§ zmfjyxm;onf)
1979
Sinclais Enterprise Program-
mable Calculator - a':vm 130
odyÜHynm&Sifrsm;? tif*sifeD,mrsm;om
toH;k jyKMuonf/ rdrw
d uG cf suv
f o
dk rQukd
yHkaoenf;jzifh wpfqifhwGufcsufay;Ekdif
onf/
Seiko Quartz - a':vm 120
yxrqHk; emrnfBuD;chJaom "mwfcJoHk;
em&D trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/
2004
Motorola V80 - a':vm 510
Sinclair ESifh yHkpHomwlaomfvnf; vkyf
udkif pGrf;aqmifEkdifrI function rsm;pGm
yg&Sdonf/
HITRA
HITRAY Y proguide - a':vm 300
olYzcifacwfwGif scientific cal- onf *kPf,l 0ifh<um;p&m ypönf;av;
multi function xnhfxm;aom em&D
culator av;om tdwfxJwGifxnfhí jzpfaeaomfvnf; ,aeYacwfwGif em&D
,lomG ;Edik af om *kP,
f pl &mypön;f jzpfae jzpfonf/ ajcvsifawmifwuform;rsm;
oefYoefY jzpfygu Eco drive trsdK;
ygonf/ olwkdY ,aeYacwfwGifrl smart twGuf txl;toHk;0ifonf/
tpm;rsdK;rsm;udk toHk;jyKEkdifNyD jzpf
w,fvDzkef;av;rsm;udk tdwfaqmif ouho J Ykd MP3 player tjzpf toH;k jyKEkid f Verdict :tdwfaqmifypönf; axGaxG
ypönf;tjzpf xnhfoGm;vQifyif vlY aomem&D? uifr&mtjzpf toHk;jyKEkdif &m&m aygif;pHkudk wpfckcsif;jzpfap? oHk;
a0,sm0pö awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk toH;k jyK aom em&D? w,fvDzkef;tjzpf toHk;jyK rsdK; oHk;? av;rsdK;oHk; taetxm;jzifh
Ekdifygonf/ olYzcifacwfwGif 0wfqif Ekdifaom em&Drsm;udk 0,f,l toHk;jyKEkdif jzpfap ,aeYacwfwiG f pwkid x f w
k Ef idk Mf u
xm;onfh Quartz vufywf em&Dav; Muonf/ onf/
[ Ref: T-3 Magazine]
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
THE WINNERS
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1979 ckESpfrS olYzcif\ *kPf,l0ifh<um;zG,f&m ypönf;rsm;wGif u@ESpfcktwGufom
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tav;omchJojzifh usefu@av;ckwGif olu tompD;&EkdifchJaomaMumifh olonf enf;ynmacwfrS
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vli,fb0udk &yfwnfcGifh&aeojzifh vGefchJaom tESpftpdwfcefYu olYzcif\ vli,fb0xuf
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123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345
cHpm;pHxm;cGifhrsm; omvGefaeonf[k rSwfcsufjyKvkdygaMumif;/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f 49

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
xl;jcm;aom 0daooyif jzpf\/ tjcm;aom
uGeyf sLwmpm;yGJay:rS axGaxG&m&m connecting yHkpHtrsdK;tpm;wkdif;udk jzKwfjcif;?

ypönf;rsm;ESifh USB pwkdif wyfjcif; jyKvkyfvQif system udk ydwfNyD;rSom

wyfqif&onf/ okYd r[kwf jzKwf,&l onf/ USB
port wpfckrS yGm;xkwfEkdifaom hub links rsm;?
wpfu, dk af &oH;k uGeyf sLwmrsm;wGif qufE,
G yf pön;f ud&,
d mrsm;jzifh toH;k jyK
okdYr[kwf daisy-chain USB devices rsm;udk
Ekdif&eftwGuf port rsm; toifhxnfhay;xm;avh&Sdonf/ ,aeYacwfwGif
vnf; zefwD;,lEkdifygao;onf/ oDtkd&Dt&
uGefysLwmwkdif;vkdvdkwGif USB 2.0 port ESpfckrS av;cktxd xnfo h iG ;f yg&Sd
USB port wpfckrS daisy chain tjzpf USB
wwf\/ USB (Universal Serial Bus) rsm;onf armufpfrsm;? uD;bkwf
devices aygif; 127 cktxd yGm;,lEkdifonf[k
rsm;? puifemrsm;? y&ifwmrsm;ESifh 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;twGuf t"du
qkdxm;onf/
xm;í yhHydk; wyfqifxm;jcif; jzpfonf/
USB 2.0 jzif h data rsm; wpf a e&mrS
USB jzifh qufoG,f toHk;jyKonfh devices wpfae&modkY ajymif;a&TUay;ydkY&mwGif tjrefEIef;
wkdif;onf hot-swappable jzpfaeapygonf/ 480 mbps avmuftxd &Ekdifygonf/ 2000
t"dyÜm,frSm rdrd\ system tm; &yfem;jcif;? jynfhESpf aESmif;ykdif;rSpí USB 2.0 onf stan-
jyefarmif;wifjcif; vkyf&efrvdk csujf cif; wyf,l dard port trsKd ;tpm;tjzpf pwifvufcv H mch&J m
jcif;? jzKwf,ljcif; jyKvkyEf kdifonf[k qkdvkdjcif; ,cktcgwGif tvGeftoHk;0ifvSí pm;yGJwif
jzpfygonf/ þonfrSm USB connecting \ uGeyf sLwmrsm;twGujf zpfap? vufqu JG eG yf sLwm
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rsm;twGufjzpfap rygrjzpf essential port jzpf
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012 vmchJ\/ 1995 ckESpfwGif USB 1.1 udk pwif
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USB CUP WARMER
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128 mbps cefYom &&SdEkdifonf/ okdYaomf USB
uGefysLwmwpfvHk;jzifh tvkyfvkyfae&if; aumfzD? vufbuf&nf?
1.1 onfyif parallel port udk toH;k jyKjcif;xuf
rdik v
f ?dk udu
k ;kd rStp a&aEG;Murf;txd aomufwwfavh&o dS rl sm;twGuf
q,fqcefY ydjk refí serial port xuf tqaygif;
tjrJwrf;ylaEG;aeaom tajctaersKd ;udv k nf; USB oH;k Cup Warmer
80 rS 100 cefYtxd ydkrdkjrefqefrI &&Sdayonf/
av;onfvnf; pwkdifwpfrsdK; jzpfaeapygvdrfhrnf/ txl;ojzifh
2004 ckESpfwGif USB 2.0 onf rnfonfh
tenfxkdifum t&omajymif;vJoGm;
vkyfief;rsdK;twGufrqdk toHk;jyKvmchJEkdifaom
apEkdifaom t&nfrsdK;twGuf
aMumifh devices rsm; tm;vHk;ESifh oufqkdifvm
txl ; toH k ; 0if v S o nf /
onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh uGefysLwmESifh wGJzuf
pm;yGJwif uGefysLwm&Sd
toH;k jyKEkid af om t&efu&d , d mrsm;\ pwkid w f pfck
USB port jzifh quf
tjzpf vufcHvmMuonf/ odkYtwGuf USB 2.0
oG , f í toH k ; jyKEk d i f
port &SdvQif uGefysLwm toHk;taqmifypönf;
onf/
tm;vH;k udk toH;k jyKEkid rf nf jzpfonft
h jyif uGeyf sL
wm wifxm;aom pm;yGJwGif vkdtyforQ tjcm;
ypönf;ud&d,m axGaxG&m&mav;rsm;twGuf
vnf; toHk;jyKEkdifap&ef pOf;pm;vm&um xkduf
xdkufwefwef ypönf;ud&d,mav;rsm;udkvnf;
wDxGif xkwfvkyfaeMuygonf/ ,aeYtxd uGef
ysLwmpm;yGJay:wGif trSefwu,f vkdtyfaernfh
ypönf;udk trsKd ;trnf? aps;EIe;f ? toH;k 0if yHkazmfjy
csufrsm;ESifhwuG jrifawGUEkdifygonf/
[Ref: T-3 Magazine]

52 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

1.USB Calculator 2. Pacific 3.EHS Hunter 4. USB Desktop

(a':vm- 42)
'DZkdif;wpfckudk aqmif&Guf
aepOfjzpfap? y½kd*&rfwpfckudk
pDpOfaepOfjzpfap? multi-
tasks rsm; toHk;jyKae&ojzifh
oD;jcm;wGufcsuf &,lvkdonfh
tcgwGif oD;jcm;wGufcsuf
rIrsm; &,lEidk o
f nf/ (uGeyf sL
wmaqmhzf0JwGif calculator
twGuf toHk;jyKEdkif&ef
y½kd*&rfav;wpfck &Sdaeaomf
vnf; multitasks aqmif&Guf
rIwGif ½IyfaxG;aom window
rsm; a&SmifuGif;onfh
udpörsdK;udk qkdvkdygonf/)
MF-570 digital Century PH-2003
photo frame desk fam
(a':vm - 430) (a':vm - 120)
Image file rsm;udk uGefysLwm toHk;jyKcsdef
pdppfa&G;cs,frItwGuf rsm;ojzifh puftylcsdefudk
pdwfBudKuf preview external cooling system
vkyf&mwGif tjzpf toHk;jyKvkdvQif
toHk;0ifEkdifygonf/ jzpfap? toHk;jyKoltwGuf
yltkdufrIr&Sdap&eftwGuf
jzpfap? tqdkyg avyefum
udk USB-2.0 port wGif
qufoG,fí toHk;csEkdif\/
Mini Vacuum
(a':vm - 26)
uGefysLwmESifh
uGefysLwmqufET,f
ypönf;ud&d,mwGif zHkrsm;
rodrom wifaerIrsm;?
pm;yGJay:wGif zHkrIefYrsm;
usa&mufaerIrsm;udk
oefYpifap&ef USB 2.0
port wGif qufoG,fNyD;
toHk;jyKEkdifaom
zHkpkyfud&d,mav; jzpfonf/

5. lonic Breeze 6. C - Pen 800 C 7. Marcus Desk 8. Wacom Pen

Quadra air
purifien
(a':vm - 360)
uGefysLwm toHk;jyKol\
ywf0ef;usifwGif
vdktyfaom tat;"mwfudk
&&SdEkdifap&ef tat;ay;
ud&d,mav; jzpfonf/
text-reader
(a':vm - 390)
Text-data rsm;udk
uGeyf sLwm twGif;okdY
odrf;qnf; okdrSD;Ekdif&ef
twGuf scan
vkyfEkdif&eftwGuf
toHk;jyKaom USB oHk;
device av; jzpfonf/
Lamp (a':vm - 100)
uGefysLwmokdY data rsm;
xnfhoGif;&mwGif Munhf½I
p&m rlMurf;pmom;rsm;udk
aoaocsmcsm zwf½IEdkif&ef
twGuf tvif;a&mif
ay;Ekdifrnfh pm;yGJwifrD;av;
jzpfonf/
Partner digital pen
(a':vm - 50)
rdrdvufa&;jzifh a&;rSwf
jcif;?a&;qGJjcif;jzifh
&&Sdvmaom data rsm;udk
uGefysLwmokdY wkduf½kduf
ay;ykdYEkdifaom ud&d,m
wpfpHk jzpfonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 53

NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON

urÇmu
h eG yf sLwmaps;uGuo
f Ydk
topf a&muf&v
dS maom
New Products rsm;udk
uGeyf sLwm*sme,frS
vpOf azmfjyay;chyJ gonf/
ok&Yd mwGif jrefrmjynfrS PCMCIA Cardbus PC 5750/ P VGA Card
Notebook toHk;jyKolrsm;twGuf *drf;upm;vkdolrsm;ESifh animation
uGeyf sLwmtoH;k jyKorl sm;twGuf
½Hk;wGif; uGef&uf csdwfquftoHk;jyK vkyfief; vkyfudkifvkdolrsm;twGuf
csucf si;f 0,f,&l &SEd idk af om ypön;f rsm; Ekdifap&ef qufoG,fa&;uwf NVIDIA GeForce PCx5750 onf
r[kwfay/ okdYygí jrefrmEdkifiHrS jzpfonf/ uGefysLwmrsm;jzifhjzpfap? txl; toHk;0ifaprnfjzpf\/ 128
qufET,fud&d,mrsm;jzifhjzpfap rDwm MB, 128 bit DDR memory 256
uGeyf sLwm toH;k jyKorl sm;twGuf 500 twGif; csdwfqufrIjyKEkdif\/ MB, 128 bit DDR memory wkYd
¤if;udk ADSL vdkif;jzifh csdwfquf &Sdonf/ D-Sub/TV-Out/ DVI ports
&efuek f aps;uGuw
f iG f a&muf&v
dS maom
,lum tifwmeuf Munhf½IrIwGif ESifhtwl PCI Express tjzpf
ypön;f opfrsm;udk wifjyay;&ef vnf; toHk;csEkdifygonf/ Windows wnfaqmufxm;onf/ Cine Fx2.0
98, 98SE, Me, 2000 ESihf XP tm;vH;k engine rS Microsoft Direct X 9.0
vkt
d yfvmygonf/
ESifh wGJzufí tvG,fwul vkyfudkif ESifh Open GL 1.5 wkdYudk yhHydk;ay;\/
þu@jzifh vpOfqo
dk vkd Ekdifygonf/ ¤if;ESifhtwl PC games rsm;yg
&efuek af ps;cif;wGif 0ifa&mufvmaom [F@X Computer ta&mif ; qk d i f w G i f xnfhay;xm;ygonf/
usyfaiG 12800 jzifh 0,f,l&&Sd [Earth Computer
ypön;f rsm; udk 0,f,&l &SEd ikd af om Ekdifonf/] ta&mif;qkdifwGif usyfaiG 123000
ta&mif;qkid rf sm;ESihf aps;EIe;f rsm;udk jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEkdifonf/]

azmfjyay;oGm;rnf jzpfygonf/

O2Xda II
urÇmESifht0ef; rnfonfhae&mrqkd tqHk;pGefaom jznfhqnf;rIukd ay;Ekid rf nfh
Mobile Comparior jzpfonf/ PDA ESifh Mobile phone ESpfrsdK; aygif;pyf
xm;jcif; jzpf\/ GSM 900/1800, PCS 1900 [lonf vkdif;oHk;rsdK;pvHk;udk
toHk;csEkdifonf/ owif;twkdtxGmrsm;? instant message rsm;? Multimedia
message rsm; tm;vHk; toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ tifwmeufMunfhí&onfh VGA
camera av;wpfvHk; toifh yg&Sdum AD'D,kd? ½kyf&Sifrsm;ESifh ½kyfao"mwfyHk
ESpfrsdK;vHk; ½kduful;,lEkdifygonf/ Speaker phone ESifh voice recorder facility
rsm;vnf; xnfhay;xm;onf/ MP3 Media player wpfcktjzpf
toHk;csEkdifao;onf/ Built-in Blue tooth pepf toifh yg&SdNyD; optional wi-fi
pepfudkvnf; yhHydk;ay;Ekdifonf/ [mh'f0Jydkif;wGif jynfhpHk½Hkomru aqmhzf0Jykdif;
taejzifhvnf; wpfNyHKwpfaxG;BuD; twl yg&Sdvmygonf/ [Lucky Bird
ta&mif;qkdifwGif usyfaiG 750000 jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygonf/]

54 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON

Snazzi Premium Model PC (KMD) View Sonic N 3000W LCD TV

rdrduGefysLwmxJwGif MPEG tqifhjrifh*drf;rsm; upm;&efESifh Display
t&nftaoG;ESifh VCD t&nf *&yfzpf'DZkdif;orm;twGufomru Entertainment PC twGufjzpfap?
taoG;rsm; zefwD;Ekdif&eftwGuf txl;jyKAD'D,kd wnf;jzwfrIvkyfief; home theatre twGufjzpfap toHk;cs
toHk;jyKEkdifrnfjzpf\/ ¤if;udk video- twGufyg toifhoHk;Ekdifonf/ Ekdifrnfh LCD display jzpfonf/ 1280
CD Creater [k trnfay;xm;onf/ - Intel Pentium 4 3.2 GHz (1MB x 768 resolution tjynfh xkwfay;um
L2 Cache, 800 MHz) thHMoavmufzG,f aumif;aom screen
Video MPEG 44 ESihf Multiple
- Intel 865 PERL Pentium 4 M/B
format rsm; aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ AV performance &Sdonf/
[with sound]
Synchromisation udkvnf; - [2 x 256] 512 MB DDR-RAM - t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh vufr 30 &Sd\/
onboard aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ Dual DDR [400 MHz] Kingston tvGefw&myg;vsí flat panel
Powerpoint wifjyrIudk AD'D,kd? ½kyf&Sif - 80 GB HDD [Samsung, 7200 trsdK;tpm;jzpfaomaMumifh
RPM], 1.44 MB FDD [Mitsumi] oyf&yfvSyonf/ uGefysLwm jrwfEkd;
xnfhoGif;,lEkdifonf/ a[mif;EGrf;
- AGP 128 MB Graphic Card W/
aeaom VCR tapes rsm;rS olrsm;twGufomru pD;yGm;a&;
TV (GeForce Fx52008x)
xGufay:vmaom ta&miftaoG;ukd - 15" SUGA Digital Control Color vkyfief;rsm;wGif tradeshow
jyifqifjznfhqnf;ay;Ekdifonf/ Monitor [Phillips] okdYr[kwf boardroom audience
[Lucky Bird ta&mif ; qk d i f w G i f - PSII Keyboard & Scroll Mouse rsm;twGuf toHk;csEkdifonf/
[Aopen], Mouse Pad Picture tqifhjrifh pwD&D,dk toHpepfudkvnf;
usyfaiG 71000 jzifh 0,f,l
- P4 Casing [i Cute] toifhxnfhay; xm;um wide -
&&SdEkdifonf/]
[KMD ta&mif;qkdifwGif wpfpHkvQif screen HDTV t&omudk tjynfht0
usyfaiG 633000 jzifh 0,f,l&&Sd cHpm;Ekdifonf/ [Fidonet uGefysLwm
Ekdifonf/] ta&mif; qkdifwGif wpfvHk;udk
usyfaiG
18 odef;jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEkdifonf/]
iPod Mini
oDcsif;yk'fa&aygif; 1000cefYtxd 0ifqHhEkdifaom 4 GB hard drive av;
yg&Sdonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh em&Daygif; 70 MumrQ em;aomwqifEkdifrnf/
tav;csdeftm;jzifh 3.6 atmifpom&Sdí t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 3.6_2.0_0.5
vufrom &Sdonf/ ¤if;wGif yg&Sdaom bufx&Doufwrf;rSm &Spfem&DpmrQ
&&SdEkdifonf/ iTunes jzifh Auto Syne vkyfí Mac okdYr[kwf Windows
version rsm;jzifh toHk;csEkdifonf/ music transfer twGuf USB 2.0 odkYr[kwf
firewire jzifh jyKvkyf,lEkdif\/ tu,fí AC "mwftm;jzifh toHk;jyKvdkyguvnf;
toifhoHk;Ekdifap&ef adaptor av;yg yg&Sdonf/ [Access Spectrum
ta&mif;qkdifwGif wpfvHk;vQif usyfaiG 267000 jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEdkifonf/]

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f 55

 NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON

NextVision N4 Video Processor
View Sonic
uGefysLwmarmfeDwmtm; high
resolution video processor
taejzifvh nf;aumif;? TV Tuner
taejzifv h nf;aumif; toHk;jyKEdkif
aprnfh ud&d,m jzpfonf/ LCD
armfeDwmjzpfap? CRT armfeDwmjzpfap?
Projector jzpfap ½kyfjrifoHMum;
pepfwpfcktaejzifh zefwD;ay;Ekdif
rnfhtjyif ,aeYtcsdefwGif ay:jyLvm
jzpfvmaom multimedia center
taejzifh tvG,fwul toHk;jyK
Ekdifrnfjzpf\/ uGefysLwmudk
zGirhf xm;onfwh idk f DVD, VCR,
gaming console, digital camera
okdYr[kwf camcorder wkdYjzifh
wkduf½kduf qufoG,ftoHk;csEkdifonf/
[Fidonet uG e f y sLwm ta&mif ; qk d i f
wGif wpfvHk;vQif usyfaiG 85000
jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEkdifonf/
IBM Travelstar Inside
Desktop computer oHk; hard disk
jzpfap? notebook oHk; hard disk
jzpfap? ¤if;xJokdY xnfhoGif;í
rnfonfh uGefysLwmjzifhrqkd
qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEkdifaprnfh
movable hard disk tdrfjzpfonf/
USB Port wGif tvG,fwul
csdwqf uftoH;k cs&efom &Sdonf/
¤if;onf USB 2.0 omru 1.1
twGufvnf; support vkyfay;\/
Windows 98 rS XP txd rnfonfh
version jzifhrqkd toHk;csEkdifaponfh
tjyif Mac (Apple) twGufvnf;
rnfonfh version rqkd tvG,fwul
toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
[F@X Computer ta&mif ; qk d i f w G i f
box wpf c k u d k usyf a iG 13800 jzif h
0,f,l&&SdEkdifonf/]
HP Deskjet 3744 Color injet
Printer
tdrfoHk;? ½Hk;oHk;rsm;twGuf
oifhawmfrnfh printer jzpfonf/
1200 x 1200 dpi t&nftaoG;&Sad om
yHkrsm;yg&Sdonfh document udk
wpfrdepfvQif &Spf&Guftxd
xkwf,lEkdifaprnfhtjyif Media
Size (plain, inkjet, photo)
pm&GuftrsdK;rsdK;jzifh toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
USB interface jzpfum rnfonfh
operating System jzifhrqkd wGJzuf
toHk;jyKEkdifapygvdrfhrnf/ [KMD
ta&mif;qkdifwGifwpfvHk;vQif
usyfaiG 51000 jzifh
0,f,l&&SdEkdifonf/]

Pen Scanner
ta&;BuD;aom pmaMumif;ESifh pmykd'frsm;udk highlight vkyfí ul;,lEkdifaom
azmifwdefyHkpH scanner av;jzpfonf/ scanner av;ay:wGif rdrdul;,lonfh
text rsm;udk od&SdEkdif&ef LCD display jzifh jyay;onf/ okdYaomf Grayscale
jzifhom &,lEkdifonf/ 300 x 300 dpi resolution txd&&Sdonf/ rdrd scan
vkyf,laom pmom; rsm;udk axmifvdkuftaetxm;jzifh zwf,l&onf/
[tmrcH wpf E S p f o uf w rf ; ay;um Access Spectrum ta&mif ; qk d i f w G i f
usyfaiG 230000 jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEkdifonf/]

56 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 jrefrmuGeyf sLwmaps;uGuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456

FyI
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
&efukefuGefysLwmaps;cif;rS
CD-Writer
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
0,f,ljcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
F
OR OUR NFORMA Y
NFORMATIONI
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
TION
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456

Floppy drive av;rsm;\ ygonf/ ¤if;onf tvGefw&mBuD;rm; omref toHk;jyKolrsm;tqifhwGif toHk;

u@onf arS; rSdefvmaeouhJodkY CD- aom data rsm;udk backup vky, f El idk af p rjyKEkdifMuao;ay/
Rom rsm;\ u@onf vnf ; rnfh taetxm;wpf&yf jzpf\/ omref tjcm; Storage device trsdK;
rsufESmi,fvm&ayonf/ vkyif ef;wGif DVD-R wpfcsyw f iG f 4GB txd xnh, f l tpm;rSm external hard drives rsm;ESifh
ydrk kd tqifajyvmaprnfh DVD-Roms rsm; Ekid af omtqifrh S Blue Ray DVD disk ESpfvkdYpzG,f USB per drives av;rsm;
wd;k a0SY 0ifvmaeonf/ DVDs rsm;onf ay:wGif 23GB yrmPtxd xnf, h El idk f jzpf \ / uG e f y sLwmtoH k ; jyKol o nf
games ESifh application twGuf mul- yg vdrfh rnf/ okdYaomf ,ck tcsdef xd ½Hk;vkyfief;rS tdrfokdYvnf;aumif; tdrfrS
tiple-CD tjzpftwGuf omru DVD aps;EIef;rsm;rSm jrifhrm;aeqJjzpfojzifh ½Hk;okdYvnf; data rsm; o,f,lajymif;
movies rsm;twGufyg xkdufxkduf wef
wef toHk;csEkdifvmonf/
Optical storage e,fy,fwGif
DVD-Rom ESifh CD-Rom wkYd \
aps;EIe;f rsm;rSm xk;d usvsuf&adS eonf/
odYk twGuf DVD-Rom ESifh CD-
Rom driver rsm;udk aps;EIe;f twlwl
jzifh 0,f,l&&SdEkdifaom tajctae
rsm; &Sd\/ ¤if;tjyif tqkdyg opti-
cal drives rsm;\ speeds rsm;rSm
wjznf;jznf;jrifhvmchJ&m DVD-
Rom onf 16 x speeds txdvnf;
aumif;? CD-Rom drives rsm;onf
52 x speed txdvnf;aumif; zwf,l
Edik af om tqifjh zifh aps;uGuw f iG f ayg
aygrsm;rsm; jrifawGU&onf/
,aeY CD writers rsm;onf
700 MB cefY yrmP&Sad om data udk
oH;k rdepfxuf avsmhenf;aom tcsdef
jzifh ul;,lEidk o
f nf/Rewritable CD
(CD-RW) rsm;onf csyjf ym;wpfjym;
wnf;udyk if a&;vku d af zsmufvudk jf zifh
tBudrfaygif; 50 cefYtxd toHk;jyK
í &onf/ DVD-RW rSmrl zGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufaeqJumv[k owfrw S Ef idk f

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 59


a&TU vkyfudkifae&aom tajctaersdK;
twGuf tqkdyg drives av;rsm;u
tvGefyif toHk;0ifvSayonf/ Zip
drives ESifh Jag drives rsm;twGuf
'g0ifeD,H oDtkd&Donf rSefuefoGm;ap
\/ CD-Rs rsm; xGef;um;vmonfh
tcsdefrSpí ¤if;wkdYtwGuf ae&mr&Sd
oavmuf jzpfoGm;&onf/
okdYygí secondary storage de-
vice rsm;tay: rnfonfht&monf
rdrdtwGuf tqifrajyqHk;jzpfEkdifrnfudk
pOf;pm;p&mjzpfvmawmhonf/ rdrv d yk if ef;
tay: t"du rlwnfaeygvdrfhrnf/
þae&mwGif CD-Writer onf
uGefysLwm toHk;jyKolwkdif;twGuf
toifhavsmfqHk; device tjzpf jrifawGU
Ekid yf gonf/ Secondary storage tjzpf
CD-writer wpfckawmh rdrduGefysLwm
wGif &Sdxm;&ef vkdtyfvmygonf/ CD-
writer rsm;\ aps;EIe;f onfvnf;0,f,l
olrsm;twGuf vufvrS ;f rDEidk af om tae
txm;rsm; &SdvmNyDjzpfouhJodkY CD-R
media rsm;\ aps;EIef;rSmvnf; thHMo
avmufzG,f usqif;vsuf&Sdae\/
CD-writer 0,f,al wmhrnfqy kd gu
rdrd 0,f,lonfhtcg atmufyg tajc
taersm; &Sdr&Sdudk ppfaq;Munhf½I&rnf/
60
jrefrmuGeyf sLwmaps;uGuf
3/ TAO, DAO, Multi-session ESifh
Incremental Packet writing wdYk
udkvnf; support vkyfEkdif&rnf/
4/ RAW writing twG u f v nf ;
aqmif&GufEkdifrI &Sd&rnf/
5/ tqkyd g drive ESit hf wl CD-burn-
ing software yg0if&ygrnf/
6/ ¤if;wGif rnfonfh operating sys-
tem jzifh rqkd toHk;jyKEkdifaprnfh
drives rsm;yg&Sdí audio ESifh IDE
cables rsm; xnfhay;jcif; &Sd r&Sd
ppfaq;&ygrnf/
CD-writer wpfck xnfo h iG ;f wyf
qif ,lrnfh rdryd pD o D nf tedrq hf ;kH 500
1/ High spin speed ESifh Low ac-
MHz processor ESifh 120 MB RAM
cess times &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;ygrnf/
&Sad e&ef vkt d yfygonf/ tu,fí rdryd pD D
Access time onf *dr;f uhoJ Ykdaom
onf slow performace jzpfaeygu
non-sequential data rsm;udk zwf
data transfer rate udk avQmhcsNyD; ul;,l
Mum;rIwGif txl;ta&;BuD;onf/
xnfo h iG ;f oifo
h nfukd aocsm *½kjyK&yg
2/ Oversiging/over burning tay:
vdrrhf nf/
support vkyfEdkifaom drive jzpf
ap&rnf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

External V/S Internal Writers
External drives ESifh Internal
drives wkdYudk a&G;cs,f&mwGif rdrdvdktyf
csuftay: rlwnfaeygvdrhfrnf/
* Internal drive rsm;onf external
drives rsm;xuf aps;EIef; oufom
ygonf/ ae&mwkdif;odkY ,laqmif
oGm;&ef rvdktyfygu? odkYr[kwf
tdrfoHk;oufoufjzpfygu inter-
nal drive onf toifhavsmfqHk;
jzpfonf/
* ,aeYtxd jrifawGUaeMuaom ex-
ternal writers rsm;onf internal
jrefrmuGeyf sLwmaps;uGuf
writers rsm;xuf aES;auG;onf/
taMumif;&if; rSm SCSI interface
rsm;onf Fire-wire ESifh USB 2.0
wdkYxuf jrefqefaomaMumifh jzpf
onf/
* External USB CD-Writer wpfc\ k
tm;omcsufwpfckrSm yDpDwGif hot-
plugged taetxm;&&Sdjcif;yif
jzpf\/ (hot-plugged oabmrSm
yDpuD kd qufo,
G w
f yfqifrI jzKwf,l
rItwGuf &yfem;&ef rvdktyfay/)
* External writers rsm;onf SCSI/
Fire-Wire/USB .2 cards rsm;
0,fxnfhxm;rSom wyfqifí &&Sd
Ekdifonf/
* Internal CD-Writers rsm;onf
System's resource ESifh ydkrkdtqif
ajypGm aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonf/
* Internal drives rsm;onf buffer
under runs aMumifh jyóemjzpfEi dk f
p&m taMumif;&Sdonf/ odkYaomf
,cktcg butter under-runs pro-
tections technology ay: ayguf
vmNyD jzpfojzifh pk;d &drzf ,
G u
f pd aö wmh
r&Sdawmhay/

&efukefNrdKUwGif;&Sd tcsuftcsmae&mrsm;&Sd qkdifrsm;wGif

0,f,l&&SdEkdifaom pm&if;
Lucky Bird ta&mif ; qk d i f
1. Mitsumi CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 27000 usyf
2. Samsung CD Writer 52 x 33 x 52 29200 usyf
3. Gigabyte 52 x COMBO-CDRW+ DVD 49000usyf
4. Samsung 52 x COMBO-CDRW+ DVD 48000 usyf

KMD ta&mif;qkdif
1. Sony CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 28500 usyf
2. Sony 52 x COMBO-DCRW + DVD 46500 usyf
3. Samsung 52 x COMBO-CDRW+ DVD 42000 usyf F@x ta&mif ; qk d i f
1. Lite On CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 30900 usyf
Fidonet ta&mif ; qk d i f
1. Sony CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 36500 usyf MODEM ta&mif;qkdif
2. Lite on CD Writer 52 x 52 x 52 34000 usyf 1. Sony CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 30000 usyf
3. Samsung 52 x COMBO CDRW+ DVD 55000 usyf 2. Lite On CD Writer 52 x 32 52 30000 usyf
3. MSI CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 33000 usyf
T-Land ta&mif ; qk d i f 4. Ausu CDWriter (w) 52 x 32 x 52 39000 usyf
1. Lite On CD writer 52 x 32 x 52 38000 usyf 5. Ausu CDWriter (B) 52 x 32 x 52 43000 usyf
2. Lite On 52 COMBO CDRW+DVD 54000 usyf
Earth Computer ta&mif ; qk d i f
CFTG ta&mif ; qk d i f 1. Sony CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 30000 usyf
1. Samsung CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 34000 usyf 2. Samsung CD Writer 52 x 32 x 52 27500 usyf

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 61


tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;Ekdifaom okdrSD;ud&d,mrsm;
External portable hard drives
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;?
image files rsm;? audio
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jzifh aqmif&u
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drive onf speed test
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HIGHER-CAPACITY
Alternatives
Buffalo Linkstation
Network Storage
Centre
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jzpfap? Mac users rsm; wGucf suMf unfah om
twGufjzpfap toHk;jyKEkdif ½Iaxmifjh zifh Munhfygu
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tppt&m&m ajymqkdzG,f
r&Sday? okdYaomf
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Higher-capacity aom drive onf jzpfygaMumif;/
alternatives rsm; taumif;qHk;[k
wGifvnf; tm;omcsuf jzpfEkdifap&ef External Ref: Personal
tm;enf;csufrsm; portable hard drives Computer World
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 69
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&ifayghAsm/ aiGawGqHk;½HI;&NyD/
'Dawmh uRefawmfwkdY wpfcsdefvHk;
xdwfvefYae&w,f/ Anti-viurs soft-
ware awGuakd wmh oH;k ae&rSmyJ/ tcse d rf eS f
ppf a e&rS m yJ / rvk y f v k d Y rjzpf b l ; /
okYd r[kw&f if rsufv;kH jyL; yg;pyfBuD;jyJNyD;
xdwfvefYae&rSm r[kwfvm;/ 'Dvkdqkd
awmh cifAsm;wkdYudk ajcmufvSefYovkdrsm;
jzpfomG ;ovm;Asm? aqm&D;yJ/ rvkycf siyf g
bl;Asm/ wu,fyg? t"dutcsufu
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f
cifAsm;wkdY ar;jref;vmwmawGudk Mum;
ae&ygw,f/ Anti-virus software
awGu trdIufawGudk &Sif;ray;Ekdif&if
b,fvkdvkyfrvJwhJ/ ar;oifhwhJ ar;cGef;
wpfckygyJ/ odyfudkqkd;0g;whJ enf;wpfck
awmh &Sdygw,f/ b,fvkdvkyf&rvJqkd
awmh [kd; tpujyefp&rSmjzpfygw,f/
format awGvnf; topfjyefvkyf&yg
r,f/ tJ'gqdkjzpfygw,f/ jyefpwmqkd
awmh ykd;rTm;uif;pifaeygw,f/ 'gay
r,fhAsm 'Davmuftxdawmh rvkyfoifh
ao;bl;ayghAsm? aemuf tzd;k rjzwfEidk w f Jh
&wemwpfyg;eJYww l Jh Oya'oav;wpfck
vnf; &Sdaeygao;w,f/ arhxm;vkdYr&
ygbl;/ owd&vdkufMuprf;yg/ Anti-
virus software eJYvnf; vkyx f m;? fire-
ware eJYvnf; vkyfxm;? aemufNyD; tJ'g
awG u d k v nf ; update vk y f x m;yg/
aemufqHk;enf;vrf;txd trDvdkufxm;
yg/ oHo, wpfpHkwpf&m&SdvmwmeJY
wpfNydKief uf software &So d rQukd run vkyf
yg/ Akdif; &yfpf awG taMumif; odEkdif
oavmuf &SmazGMunhfyg/ aemuf &Sif;
vif;zkYd BudK;pm;yg/ aemufq;kH rdrd rwwf
Ekid af wmhb;l qdw k Jh tajctaerSm apmapm
uajymchw J t Jh wkid ;f internet ay:rS tul
tnDudk &,lyg/ aemufNyD; uRefawmf
ajymwhJ Ed Figg 'grSr[kwf pancake
udk ac:yg? NyD;awmh olYudk ajymyg/
uReaf wmfvw T vf ukd wf Jh vlygvdYk rarhygeJY
aemf/
OD;rsdK; (tkdifwD-tef;wdwf)
(FarEastern Economic Review rS
Beat The Bugs udk qDavsmfatmif
jyefqdkxm;ygw,f)
uG e f y sLwm*sme,f
zk e f ; -382248
79
 ART OF GAME

C&C GENERALS: ZERO HOURS

MULTIPLAYER TACTIES
Overall Tactical Philosophy t&ifwkdufyg/ aemuf supplies vkdif;awGudk
Be aggressive : C&C Generals rSm tjrJ jzwfawmuf&ef gatherer rsm;udk &Sif;ypfyg/
vIyf&Sm; wkdufckdufaeolu atmifEkdifol jzpfwwf aemuf (GLA) uvGJvkdY Power vkdif;udkzsufyg/
ygw,f/ OD;atmif wku d cf u dk Ef idk &f if wku d yf t JG rsm; vQyfppf power usqif;rIu olvkyforQ aESmifh
pk[m qefYusifbufe,fajrtwGif; jzpfavh&SdvkdY aES; MuefYMumapygvdrhfr,f/ Power offline jzpf
tjyeftvSef xdcu dk yf supf ;D NyD; vufuse, f el pfawG wmeJY taqmufttHkawGudk aps;tBuD;qHk;upí
u &efoYltajcpku d pf cef;rsm; wku d cf u
dk cf iG hf &&Sod mG ; tpOfvkduf zsufqD;yg/
Edkifygw,f/
Mobile Units : a,bk,sOya'ot& mobile
Turtling : qefYusifbufenf;vrf;u vdyfuhJodkY ,lepfawG[m stationary tajcpku
d f umuG,af &;
tcGHxJ0ifykef;jcif; Turtling jzpfygw,f/ ½HI;edrfh ,lepfrsm;xuf tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;ygw,f/ ta&;
usq;kH rIukd tcsed q f EJG idk w
f muvGv
J Ydk Turtle awGu ygwhJ ae&mtcsdKUrSmom defenses awG acRacR
tEkid &f cJygw,f/ Supplies u t"du aomhcsuf wmwmoH;k yg/ wpfcw k nf;aom cRif;csufuawmh
jzpfNyD; aemufyikd ;f rSm turtle awG[m vdo k avmuf NydKib
f ufu jyif;xefwJh air-attack oH;k wht J cgrSmyJ
&rnfr[kwyf g/ yg;eyfwJh commander u tajc jzpfygw,f/ 'DtajctaerSmawmh anti-air awGukd
pkduf umuG,fa&; stationary defenses awGudk ae&mtESHY xm;&Sd&ygr,f/ 'DvdkrSr[kwf&if rvkd
ta0;rSaeí artillery ,lepfawGeJY zsufqD;vkdY tyfvyS g/ Ground ,lepfawGu ¤if;wkYd ukd tom
&wmaMumifh ¤if;wkdYtwGuf oHk;&aom aiGaMu; av; ywfa&SmifoGm;vkdY&ygw,f/ jzpfEkdiforQ
rsm; tv[ó jzpf&ygw,f/ aom 0ifaygufawGuykd w d q
f YdkzYdkqw
dk m aiGtajrmuf
tjrm;roHk;bJ rjzpfEkdifyg/ &efolu ¤if;wkdYudk
Attack Priorities : tajcpkdufpcef;udk wkduf artillery ,lepfawGeYJ tomav; z,f&Sm;ypfEkdifyg
cku
d &f mrSm &efvNkd yD; wefjyefypfcwfr&I w
dS Jh ypfrw
S u
f kd w,f/

82 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

 ART OF GAME

Battle Tacties Attack Groups

wyfzUJG udk ukid w
f ,
G pf rD yH ekH YJ &efou
l kd csO;f uyfykH
enf;vrf;u tqHk;owf&v'ftwGuf ta&;BuD;
ygw,f/
Attack Move : vufusef&efol tenf;pkudk
&Sif;ypfzkdYuvGJvkdY attack move udk b,fawmhrS
roHk;ygeJY/ BuD;rm;whJ infantry tkyfpkudk path
finder tjynfhygwhJ Humvee eJY wkdufckduf&mrSm
om 'Denf;vrf;uoifah wmfygw,f/ 'Dvrdk rS [kwf
&if 'Denf;u xda&muf vsifjrefrIudk usqif;ap
w,f/
ppfajrjyifrmS tao;pdwf udik wf ,
G pf rD rH I pGr;f
&nf vkdtyfygw,f/ rSefuefwhJypfrSwfudk rSefuef
whJ ,lepftrsdK;tpm;eJY tvsiftjref csdef,lEkdifzkdY
damage trsKd ;tpm;tvku d f ,lepfawGukd tkypf zk UJG
xm;yg/ Infantry udk anti-infantry, tank awGukd
anti-tank, air-craft udk anti-aircraft eJYyJ tjrJ
wkdufckdufyg/ odyfudk odomxif&Sm;vGef;ayr,fh
wkud yf t
JG v,frmS ysm,mcwfNyD; 'Dtcsuu f kd arhae
avh&SdwhJ upm;orm; ta&twGufu thHMop&m
aumif;ygw,f/
Tar getting order : ukd,fhudk damage trsm;
argetting
BuD; ay;Ekdifayr,fh health enf;whJ ypfrw
S af wGukd
target t&ifay;yg/ Oyrm rocket soldier awG/
tJ'gNyD;&if artillery eJY speciality ,lepfawGudk
target ay;yg/ ¤if;wkdY[mvnf; armor aysmhNyD;
ukd,fhudk damage trsm;BuD; ay;Ekdifygw,f/
aemufrS damage eJY armor tcsKd ;rQwJh yHrk eS f tank
awGudk target ay;yg/
uGJjym;whJ ,lepfawG tawmfrsm;rsm; ygay
r,fh tajccH trsdK;tpm;t& enf;enf;yJ &Sdyg
w,f/ Anti-infantry, anti-vehicle, main
battle unit, anti-aircraft eJY artillery awG
jzpfygw,f/ ,lepftawmfrsm;rsm;u rsdK;pHkoHk;Ekdif
ayr,fh bufnDwhJ wkdufckdufa&;tkyfpkrSm ,lepf
trsdK;tpm;tvdu k f tcsdK;tpm; rQwpGm yg0ifoihf
ygw,f/
Anti-infantry : 'D,lepfawGu wpfckudk infan-
try rsm;pGm owfEkdifwmaMumifh tcsdeftrsm;pkrSm
enf;enf;yJvydk gw,f/ Path finder udk EpS af ,muf
ru ig;a,mufxkwfvnf; xl;jcm;rnf r[kwf
yg/ oifhNydKifbufu infantry b,favmuf
xkwfxm;ovJ qdkwJhtay:rSmyJ rlwnfygw,f/
Anti-vehicle : Rocket soldier qkdwhJ ,lepf
wpfrsdK;wnf;yJ 'D category xJrSm ygygw,f/
wku
d yf &JG UJ tqH;k owf &v'f[m 'D,el pfukd toH;k cs
wwfrItay: rlwnfygw,f/ olwkdYudk owfzkdY
vG,fvGef;wmaMumifh olwkdYcsnf;awmh oHk;vkdY
r&yg/ tjcm;,lepfawGeJY wGJpyftoHk;jyKyg/
Main battle unit : wkdufckdufa&; tiftm;pkrSm
ta&;tygqHk; tydkif; jzpfygw,f/ anti-vehicle
uvGv
J Ydk b,f,el pftrsdK;tpm;udrk qkd vG,u
f pl mG

Kill Everything : 'Pf&m& &efou

l tp wpfyikd ;f
wpfp csdefrxm;ygeJY/ tm;vHk;udk tNyD;wkdif acs
rIef;yg/ aemufwpfckudk r&Sif;cif ,lepfwpfckcsif;
pDudk tjywf&Sif;yg/ a&GUvsm;rI aES;auG;oGm;wm
uvGJvkdY 99 &mckdifEIef; ysufpD;cgeD; ,lepfu
vHk;0rxdckdufao;whJ ,lepfenf;wl ypftm;
aumif;aeqJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gu *drf;wpfckvHk;&JU
tajccHtusqHk;? okdYwkdif ta&;BuD;qHk; Tacties
jzpfygw,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 83

 ART OF GAME
ESdrfeif;wkdufcdkufEkdifygw,f/ bmBuD;yJjzpfaeae
'D,lepfawGudk wwfEkdifoavmuf rsm;rsm;xkwfzkdY
BudK;pm;oifhygw,f/
Anti-aircraft : NydKifbufu GLA jzpf&if 'grS
r[kwf air unit awG raqmuf&if olwkdYudkoHk;zkdY
rvkyd g/ NydKifbufrmS heavy air tiftm;&S&d ifawmh
wpfrsdK;aygh/ Aircraft awG&JU ypfajy; obm0
84 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
aMumifh anti-air ,lepfawG vGefvGefuJuJ xkwf
vnf; olwkdY&efu at;r,f rxifygeJY/
Artillery : NydKifbufu &efvw
dk u
dk cf u
dk rf rI sm;av
ukd,fu artillery ,lepf vkdtyfrIenf;avygyJ/
vdyfvkdtcGHxJa&Smifykef;NyD; wkdufyGJawGudk a&SmifzkdY
BudK;pm;olqkd&ifawmh artillery awG&JU 'PfcwfrI
udk aumif;aumif;BuD; cHpm;&ygvdrfhr,f/
Super Weapons
Super weapons awGu *drf;aemufydkif;rSm
tvGefwefzdk; &Sdygw,f/ wpfcgaqmufNyD;wmeJY
xyfcgxyfcg oH;k pGEJ ikd v
f Ydkyg/ Turtles awGukd tEkid f
&zkdY Super weapons awG oHk;yg/ olY&JU wu,fh
tusdK;tjrwfu ¤if;ujzpfapwhJ ½kyyf ikd ;f t& ysuf
pD;aprI r[kwfyg/ NydKifbufudk twif;tusyf
wGef;tm;ay;whJ enf;AsL[mjzpfygw,f/ tavm
wBuD;eJY ysm,mcwfapNyD; ukd,fhudkvmwkdufwhJ
tcg defense aumif;aumif;qifí jyefvnf
wefjyefEidk yf gw,f/ ppfwyfBuD;wpfcv k ;Hk ukd tpm;
xkd;vdkYawmh r&yg/ tm;jznfhay;&m jznfhbuf
tjzpfyo J ;kH yg/ Super weapons awGu rQwrIr&Sd
 ART OF GAME

[efYwm;vkdYr&Ekdifwmawmh r[kwfyg/ oifhNydKif Money management : bPfrSm&SdwhJ aiG[m

bufu tydk $ 5000 oHk;í ¤if;udk vma&muf
zsufqD;EkdifwhJenf;awG &Sdygw,f/
Economy
*drf;xJrSm oifvkyforQ[m oifhrSm&SdwhJ aiG
aMu;eJY nDrQygw,f/ aiGu t&m&mudk qHk;jzwf
NyD; pD;yGm;a&;awmifhwif;av tompD;&avygyJ/
Primary money supply : Supply centre udk
supply dock eJY wwfEkdifoavmuf teD;qHk;
jzpfatmif wnfaqmufyg/ Gatherer wpf
a,mufu supplies awG o,faqmifaecsdefrSm
tjcm; gatherer uapmifah e&vkYd trsm;BuD; xkwf
xm;vkdY r&yg/ Supply centre wpfckpD twGuf
gatherer awG atmufyg ta&twGuftwkdif;
xkwfwm taumif;qHk;ygyJ/
China : 2 supply Trucks
GLA : 7 workers
USA : 2 Chinrooks
Supply Centre wpfcwk nf;eJY oif&h UJ base
udk xda&muf pGm vnfywfapzkdY rvHkavmufyg/
'gayr,fh tpydkif;rSm ESpfckxufawmh ydkraqmuf
ygeJY/ oifhrSm tJ'Davmuf aiGaMu;r&Sdyg/
Secondry money supply : Oil Derrick awG
odr;f ,lEidk zf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ $ 1000 tyd&k NyD;
aemufydkif; yHkrSef0ifaiG tqufrjywf &&Sdaeyg
w,f/ Supply centre udk vspfvsL½IEkdifavmuf
atmifawmh rrsm;yg/
tv[ó jzpfaewhJaiGygyJ/ 0,fzkdY&m wpfckck
awmh tjrJwrf;&Sdaeygw,f/ oifh&JU wifhum;
tiftm;pku b,fawmhrS awmifhwif;w,f&,f
vkYd r&S/d vHak vmufatmif upgrade rvky&f ao;/
super weapons awG vHkavmufatmif r&Sdao;/
'gawGu odyu f kd &Si;f ayr,fh *dr;f tv,frmS vdt
k yf
wm xkwfzkdY arhavsmhNyD; bPfrSm aiGawG pkyHkvm
wwfw,f/ aiGaxmifaygif;rsm;pGm vufusefeJY
uHraumif;? taMumif;rvSpGm ½HI;edrfhoGm;olawG
[m &,fp&maumif;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdY oifh&JU
,lepfawGtjrJ jynfhpHkvHkavmufatmif xkwfzkdY
b,fawmhrS vufraES;ygeJY/
The Ultimate tank rush
*drf;upm;&mrSm tEdkif&zkdYomru ukd,fydkif
p½kduf? ukd,fydkiftBudKuf? ukd,fykdif[ef xlaxmif
upm;&wm b,favmuf aysmfp&m aumif;vdkuf
ovJ/ AOE, Red Alert 2, Generals awGrSm
rush eJY boom, brute force eJY commando
style stealth enf;rsdK;pHk upm;vkdY &ygw,f/
enf;awG a&mpyf arTaESmufupm;vkdYvnf; &yg
w,f/ 'Dvdk pwkid t f rsKd ;rsKd ; uGjJ ym;pGm upm;olawG
eJY avsmfnDpGm enf;AsL[m ajymif;vJupm;&wm
Multiplayer enf;&JU t&omygyJ/ Rush vkyw f Jh

Secondry supply management : b,fajryHr

k mS
rqkd t&if;tjrpfu tuefYtowf&SdwmaMumifh
*drf;oufMumvmwmeJY trQ secondary sup-
ply buf OD;vSnfh&ygw,f/ China bufrSm
Hacker, GLA twGuf Black Market eJY USA
rSm Supply Drop Zone awG jzpfygw,f/ oifrh mS
aiGtydk enf;enf; &Sv d mwmeJY 'D secondary sup-
ply awG wjznf;jznf;csif; aqmuf,lyg/ tjcm;
yHkrSef xkwfvkyfrIudkawmh rusygapeJY/ aemufykdif;
rSm BudKwifpDrHrI&SdwhJolu tompD;&ygvdrfhr,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 85

 ART OF GAME

China
- Dozer (D) wpfpD; xyfxkwfyg/
- &SNd yD;om; Dozer udk &Sw
d aJh e&mrSmwif Nuclear
Reactor (R) aqmufckdif;yg/
- 'kwd, Dozer xkwfvm&if 'kwd, supply
Dock odkY apvTwfyg/
- Nuclear Reactor NyD;NyD;csif; yxr Dozer
udk yifr supply Dock rSm Supply Center
(V) aqmufckdif;yg/ 'kwd, Dozer udk 'kwd,
Supply Dock rSm 'kwd, Supply Center
aqmufckdif;yg/
- yxr Supply Center NyD;wmeJY aemufxyf
Supply Truck wpfcx k yfxw k Nf yD; ¤if; Dozer
udk War Factory (A) aqmufcdkif;yg/
enf;rSm tenf;qH;k vkt d yfr,fh ,lepfta&twGuf
- 'kwd, Supply Center jyD;wmeJY aemufxyf
udk twkq d ;kH aom tcsed t f wGi;f xkwEf idk zf Ykd tuGuf
Supply Truck wpf c k xyf x k w f j yD ; ¤if ;
cs pDrH&ygw,f/
Dozer udk aqmufvufp War Factory qDoYdk
atmufrmS azmfjyxm;whJ aqmufvyk af &; tpD
oGm;a&mufckdif;yg/
tpOfu rush vkyzf Ydk &m tjrefq;kH eJY tqufrjywf
- ajryHkay:rlwnfí oifhrSm $ 1800 avmuf
xkwfEkdifwhJenf; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dxuf tenf;i,f
usefoifhygw,f/ cPeJY $ 2000 ausmfvmNyD;
ydjk refwJh enf;&Sad yr,fh ¤if;enf;u wpfcgoHk;NyD;
&if oGm;aewhJ Dozer udk a&mufwhJ ae&mrSm
&yfomG ;ygvdrrfh ,f/ ckazmfjyr,feh nf;uawmh vH;k 0
wif War Factory wpfck xyfaqmufckdif;yg/
&yfqdkif; jywfawmufrIr&SdbJ tank awGudk quf
- War Factory wpfckpDrSm Battle masters (B)
wku d f xkwEf idk yf gvdrrhf ,f/ Rush vkyw f Jh ae&mrSm
awG &yfqidk ;f rI tenf;qH;k jzpfatmif qufwu dk f
jrefzkdY ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfaMumif; pdwfxJrSm pGJae
xkwfyg/ oifhNydKifbuf tajctaeay:rlwnf
ygap/ atmufu tmMurf;zsOf;yHkpHudk ,lNyD;
í infantry eJY structure awG acsrIef;zdkY
tenf;i,f tajymif;tvJvyk Ef idk yf gw,f/ Key-
Dragon Tanks (D) awG xkwfyg/
board uae ½dkufwhJ hot key awGvJ jyxm;yg
'DtcsdefupvkdY War Factory ESpfckpvHk;u
w,f/
tank awGukd &yfqi dk ;f rIr&Sd tqufrjywf xkwEf idk f
ygNyD/ tenf;qHk; Horde Bonus &zkdY vHkavmuf
whJ tank &atmifapmifhyg/ tqifoifhjzpfNyD
xifwmeJY pwku d yf g/ odyt f BumBuD;awmh rapmifh
ygeJY/ 'DvkdrSr[kwf&if vufOD;rI,l tjrefwdkuf
cdkufjcif; rush &JU tusdK;&v'f r&Ekdifyg/
China bufrSm rush enf;AsL[m vkyf½kd;
vkyfpOfygyJ/ ig;pD;xufausmfwhJ tank tkyfpk&JU
tusdK;oufa&mufrIeJY Horde Bonus u tpk
vkud f tjyHKvkud f wku d cf u dk zf Ydk 'DZidk ;f jyKxm;ygw,f/
Dragon tank &JU Fire wall attack uvnf; in-
fantry eJY structure awGtay: xda&mufrI
t&SdqHk;jzpfygw,f/

88 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf


USA
- Dozer (D) wpfpD; xyfxkwfyg/
- &SdNyD;om; Dozer udk Cold Fusion Reactor
(R) aqmufckdif;yg/
- Spy Drone General Power udka&G;NyD; &efolY
pcef;ay: ae&mcsyg/
- 'kwd, Dozer udk 'kwd, Supply Dock okdY
apvTwfyg/
- Cold Fusion Reactor NyD;wmeJY ¤if; Dozer
udk yxr Supply Dock rSm Supply Center
(U) aqmufcdkif;yg/ 'kwd, Dozer udk 'kwd,
Supply Dock rSm Supply Center aemuf
wpfck aqmufckdif;yg/
- yxr Supply Center NyD;wmeJY Chinook
wpfpD;xyfxkwfNyD; Dozer udk War Factory
aqmufckdif;yg/
- 'kwd, Supply Center NyD;wmeJY Dozer udk
Barrack (B) aqmufci dk ;f yg/
- Barrack NyD ; wmeJ Y Missile Defender
ESpfa,muf xkwfyg/
- War Factory NyD;wmeJY Humvee wpfpD;
xkwfxm;yg/
- aemufxyf ydkufqHwpfokwf a&mufvm&if
Crusader (C) wpfpD;xkwfNyD; Missile De-
fender wpfa,muf xyfxkwfyg/
- NyD;wmeJY Crusader awG qufwkdufxkwfNyD;
Missile Defender oHk;a,mufudk Humvee
ay:wifyg/
jrefjrefwkdufav rush &JU tusdK;&v'f yDjyif
avygyJ/ ta&;ygwhJ ypfrSwfawGudk Humvee
eJY wkdufckduf&mrSm &efol tank awGeJY vGwfuif;
&mrSm target udk rD½Hkav;jzpfatmif tao;pdwf
pDrHcefYcGJyg/ Crusader awGuo kd m a&SUu wku
d yf g
ap/ Humvee toufukefcgeD;&if txJu
ppfom;awGudk jrefjrefxGufckdif;yg/ tJ'D missile
Defender oHk;a,mufu ta&;BuD;w,f/ US
buf r S m tjref q H k ; eJ Y txd a &muf q H k ; rush
vkyf&mrSm Humvee ay: wifxm;whJ Rocket
soldier awG yg0ifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh *½kwpkduf
udkifwG,fwwfzkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ wpfcgo,f&if
supplies trsm;BuD;ygayr,fh wpfacgufwpf
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
ART OF GAME
acguf MumjrifhvdkY US bufrSm Dountime r&SdyJ
xkwfvkyfEkdifpGrf;udk xdcdkufapygw,f/
Overall Tips
Pressure : wpfzufvludk wkdufcdkuf&mrSm ,lepf
awGudk queue vkyfwef;pDxkwfNyD; a&SUwef;odkY
tqufrjywfydkYyg/ &efoludk wpfavsmufvHk;
zdtm;ay;NyD; jyefvnfpkpnf;cGifh ray;ygeJY/ wifh
um;awG tNydKifxkwf&mrSm olYbufu enf;enf;
aemufus&ifawmif ukd,fhbufu tav;omrI
wjznf;jznf; rsm;vmygvdrfhr,f/
Attack Supplies : oifhrSm&SdorQ tcGifhtvrf;eJY
olY&JU supply gatherers awGudk &Sif;ypfzkdY
BudK;pm;yg/ wpfa,mufp? ESpaf ,mufp jyKwfomG ;
&ifudk oifhbufu BuD;pGmaom tom&rI jzpfap
ygw,f/
Avoid Defences : ydr
k o
kd mvGew
f Jh tiftm;r&S&d if
tajcpkduf umuG,fa&;awGudk ywfa&SmifNyD;
tumtuG,ef nf;whJ bufu wku d yf g/ olYtajc
pkdufpcef;wpfckvHk; ywfywfvnf0ifayguf r&Sd
atmif umxm;zkdYqkdwm rjzpfEkdifyg/
Regroup Constantly : oifh&JU tiftm;u
oifw
h yfzUJG &JU ta&twGurf sm;pGm tkypf zk UJG rItay:
rlwnfygw,f/ wuGw J jym;jzpfae&if xdcu dk cf pH m;
&wwfygw,f/ wku d yf o
JG Ydk oif&h UJ tank awG wpfpk
wnf; tcsdefudkufa&mufNyD; wpfpD;ESpfpD; a&SUuRH
aewmrsdK; r&Sdatmif *½kpkdufyg/
89
 ART OF GAME
Sid Meier's Pirates
Civilization eJY Pirates vkd *drf;rsdK;awGudk
tpGJvGefNyD; twef;wufzkdY? pmMunhfzkdYxuf ykdí
a&; BuD; cGif us,f vkyf rd wm wuúodkvf u
vGifhxGufvkeD;yg; jzpfchJ&zl;w,f/ ckawmhvJ *drf;
upm;jcif;udku tvkyfvkyfjcif; jzpfaevkdY udpö
r&Sad wmhyg/ 'gawmif 'D review udk a&;zkYd pufa&SU
u renf;x,l&w,f/ vGefchJwhJ &uftenf;i,f
u uRefawmf[m rxifr&Sm; oabFmi,fav;u
uyÜwdefav;b0uae u&pfbD,H urf;½dk;wef;
wpf a vsmuf MoZmt&S d q H k ; aom pirates
wpfa,mufjzpfvmatmif BudK;pm; atmifjrifchJyg
w,f/ NrdKUawGukd 0ifp;D ? NydKifbuf pirates awGukd
90 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
e,fvk wkdufckduf? &wemokdufawGaemufvkduf?
uGJuGmaewhJ rdom;pk0ifawG &SmazGu,fwif? Opöm
"eawG pkaqmif;? xdyw f ef;vlYrvdik t f vTm a&muf
atmifvkyf? <u,f0whJ governor &JU orD;udk
ydk;yef;? aysmufqHk;aeaom a&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmf
awGukd azmfxw k ?f rdom;pkukd NydKuGaJ pchw
J Jh qk;d oGr;f
&ufpufou l kd jyefvnf vufpm;acsjcif; trsdK;rsdK;
aom tawGUtBuHKawG jzwfoef; ausmfvTm;chJ
&w,f/ awmfawmfav;udk tvkyfrsm;aechJwm
aygh/
'D*drf;udkupm;&if tvufZE´m;'l;rm;a&;whJ
Cont of Monte Christo *E¦0if0w¬KBuD;udk
jyefvnf trSwf&rdygw,f/ emMunf;zG,f&m
twdwfjzpf&yfawGeJY b0udk Murf;wrf;pGm jzwf
oef;chJ&NyD; <u,f0 MoZm&Sdvmum rdrdtay:
taumufMuHchJolawGukd pdrfajyeajy vufpm;acs
whJ vlqef;BuD;wpfOD;&JU Zmwfvrf; jzpfygw,f/
'Dvkd Zmwfvkdufae&mrsdK;awGrSm ukd,fwkdif yg0if
vkyaf qmifciG ahf y;wm[m RPG *dr;f genre trsdK;
tpm;awG&JU t&omygyJ/
Sid Meier's Pirates &JU gameplay rSm
action, strategy eJY RPG awG a&mpyfarTaESmuf
xm;ygw,f/ oabFmwkdufyGJawGu *drf;&JUt"du
tydkif;jzpfygw,f/ t&G,ftpm;? tjrefEIef;?
a&TUajymif; ppfupm;EkdifpGrf;? o,faqmifEkdifwhJ
oabFmom; ta&twGuf? tajrmufvufeuf?
 ART OF GAME
ukefpnfawGtay: rlwnfí oabFmtrsdK;tpm;
ESp'f gZifcefY yg0ifygw,f/ oifrh mS oabFmwyfzUJG
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a&G;Ekdifygw,f/ Default shot u oabFm0rf;
Akduf hull eJY tajrmufawGudk ypfcwfEkdifw,f/
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speed udk aES;oGm;apw,f/ Grape shot u
oabFmom;awGudk tvJvJtNydKNydK jzpfapNyD;
oabFmay: 0ifa&mufpD;eif;zdkY vG,fulapw,f/
&efoluvnf; ukd,fhvdkyJ shot type trsdK;rsdK;
a&G;wwfygw,f/ AI uvJ yg;eyfNyD; EkdifyHk
ray:&if xGufajy;wwfw,f/ ac:aqmifEkdifygw,f/ oifh&JU ausmfMum;rI t&Sdef
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view rSmxuf ydí k zoom csJUxm;NyD; a&GUvsm;rIukd vma&muf yl;aygif;wwf ygao;w,f/ NrdKUawGrmS
vnf; ydkí aES;aES; jyxm;ygw,f/ enf;AsL[m governor eJY awGUqHkNyD; olY&JU&efolYoabFmudk
t& ae&m,la&GUvsm;whJae&mrSm ynmom;ygyg wkdufckdufay;vkdY qkawG &wwfw,f/
vkyfaqmif&w,f/ avqefeJYawGU&if a&GUvsm;rI Pirates wpfa,muftaeeJY vlYtoki d ;f t0kid ;f
EIe;f tvGefaES;oGm;wmaMumifh avwifbufu rSm b,fvdk 0ifqhHMoZm&SdEkdifrvJ/ 1600 uae
&SdaerS ukd,fu tompD;&rSmyg/ oabFmawGrSm 1680 0ef;usif Oa&myü t*Fvyd ?f jyifopf? pyde?f
tajrmufawGu a&SUykdif;rSmxuf ab;bufrSmyJ 'yfcsf wdkY EkdifiHa&;t& tm;NydKifaecsdefrSm *drf;udk
&Sdwm owd&yg/ cannon fire awGu aES;auG;NyD; tajcwnfxm;wmudk owd&yg/ EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH
avxJrSm cHk;NyD;oGm;wmaMumifh csdefukduf ypfcwf &JU oabFmudk wkdufckduf atmifjrif&if tJ'DEkdifiH&JU
wwfzYkdvydk gw,f/ xde;f csKyfrt I rsm;pkukd numpad &efolYEkdifiHrSm oifh&JU*kPfowif; wufvmyg
u jyKvkyf&ygw,f/ wpfcgwpf&H wkdufyGJwpfck vdrfhr,f/ *drf;&JU tqHk;pGefaom &nfrSef;csufu
wnf;rSm &efolrsm;pGmeJY wkdufckduf&wwfw,f/ pirate wpfa,muftaeeJY aiGaMu;? ausmfMum;rI
*drf;&JU yifrjrifuGif;rSm u&pfbD,H 0ef;usif eJY MoZmtmPm oHk;ckvHk; jynhfpHkwhJ game &&Sd
tESHY &GufvTifhoGm;vm&mü tjcm;oabFmawG?
qdyfurf;awG? ajrjyif trSwftom;awGeJY awGU&Sd
NyD; enf;trsdK;rsdK; wHkYjyef&w,f/ oabFmom;
ta&twGuf? a&TeJY vufuseftpm;taomuf
pwmawGudk screen &JU b,fbufatmufydkif;rSm
jyxm;w,f/ yifv,fajryHkay:u tjcm;oabFm
awGudk jyxm;&mrSm EkdifiH? ukefpnf? xGufcGmchJwJh
ae&m? oGm;r,fhae&mawGudk azmfjyxm;w,f/
NrdKUawGu game-play t& tm½Hkpkduf&r,fh
ae&mjzpfygw,f/ 0Sufxm;whJ &wemokdufawG?
ADvdefawG&JU oJvGefpawGudk tJ'Du &Ekdifw,f/
zrf;qD;&rdwhJ oabFmeJY ukefpnfawG a&mif;csEkdif
w,f/ oabFmom;topfawG recruit vkyf

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 91

 ART OF GAME
zkdYyJ r[kwfvm;/ ukd,fh&JU tusdK;tjrwftwGuf
tJ'D Nidrf;csrf;a&;pmcsKyf o,fvmwhJ oabFmudk
0ifyJwkduf&rvm;/ vkdufvH apmifha&Smuf&rvm;/
b,f EkdifiH buf u 0ifyg rvJ? b,f bk&ifcH
governar udk aygif;rvJ/ pOf;pm;yg/ 'gu
strategy tykdif;jzpfygw,f/
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&ygvdrhfr,f/ &efolYoabFmay: pD;eif;wuf
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pD;csif;xkd;w,f/ cufcJrItqifh trsdK;rsdK; &Sdw,f/
92 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
Ducking, jumping, slashing eJY parrying
vIyf&Sm;rIawGeJY wkdufcdkuf&w,f/ uyÜwdefudk
qufwkduf xdatmif xdk;ckwfNyD; aemufqkwfap
um? aemufqkwfp&m rusefawmh&if uyÜwdefeJY
oabFmom;awGu tnhHcHygvdrfhr,f/ pm;yGJxkd;r
av;awGukd ,D;wD;,m;wmvkyaf ewhJ guard awG?
pm;aomufqidk x f rJ mS yke;f aewhJ &mZ0wfom;awG?
ADved af wGeYJ vnf; "m;ckwyf aJG wG qifE&JT ygvdrt hf ;kH
r,f/
RPG taeeJY tpu wifjychJwhJ vkyfaqmif
p&mawG trsm;BuD;vkyfEkdifygw,f/ rjzpfrae
vkyfp&mawmh rvdkyg/ oifh&JUa&G;cs,frIt&ygyJ/
'gayr,fh tJ'Dtykdif;i,fav;awG atmifjrif&if
qkvmbfawG&&SdEdkifw,f/ uyGJawG 0ifwufjcif;
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vmapw,f/
aysmufq;kH aeaom rdom;pk0ifawG &SmazGjcif;
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vrf;aMumif;jzpfygw,f/
oifh&JU ausmfMum;rI *kPfowif;aMumifh
rdef;uav;awGtMum; a&yef;pm;NyD; jrmayG&&if
 ART OF GAME

aysmfp&mraumif;bl;vm;/ Difficult jrifhwhJ

tqifhudkatmifrS 'DtcGifhtvrf; &&SdEkdifw,f/
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wHYk jyef&w,f/ Number pad ay:u oufqidk &f m
cvkwfudk *DweJYNydKifus tcsdefrD zdESdyf&ygw,f/
'grS acsmarGUpGm uEkdifNyD; rdef;rysdK&JU jrwfEkd;rIawG
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u&pfbD,H0ef;usif urÇm[m oJaomifurf;pyf
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awmifawGeYJ obm0uspGm ta&miftaoG; pHv k if
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wdrfwkdufawG arsmvGifhaeNyD; yifv,fxJudk
t&dyfusaeMuw,f/ rnf;arSmifwhJ rkefwkdif;
wdrfawGu yifv,fxJudk rkd;&GmcsaeNyD; wpfcsuf
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shot eJYvm;qdkwm cefYrSef;Ekdifw,f/ xdrSefwmeJY wkdufckduf&rIeJY dramatic jzpfrIudk em;vnf
0rf;Akdufu aygufuGJrIawGjrif&NyD; pnfykdif;awG? Ekdifavmufygw,f/ aoewfypf*drf;awGeJY NiD;aiGU
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0rf;Akud &f UJ taygufBuD;u cHEidk &f nf b,favmuf sid meier's Pirates! *drf;udk tajymif;tvJtae
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udkvnf; animation awGeJY touf0ifatmif Modula - 2

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 93


zkdifawGukd rSm;zsuf Format awGvnf;cs
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Straits
(Computimes)
January 10, 2005.

108 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf


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Wednesday
ednesday,, Feb 9, 2005.
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uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 111

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By Melati Mohd Ariff
Star In-Tech. Vol 14, No.10
In-Tech.
3 February 2005.
e-mail: intech@thestar .com.my
intech@thestar.com.my

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Star In-Tech.
In-Tech. 20 January 2005.
ech.20

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 121


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jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf[k Iowa University
rS OD;aESmufESifh tm½HkaMumaA' XmerSL;
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uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 129


jyifBuD;wGif jrifawGUae&onf/ puf½kyf
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wGif &SNd yD;aom DB wGif OD;acgif; tpdwf

EVOLUTION OF ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmtwGi;f puf½yk rf sm;onf 1921

ROBOT INTELLIGENCE ydík tpGr;f xufvmum vlom;wkEYd iS hf puf½kyfvlom; tvkyform;
wlap&ef ydrk zdk efw;D Ekid v f mcho J nf/ rsm;uvlom;wkYdtm;jyefvnf
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Lab rS Leg-ged robots rsm; gence Laboratory rS Cog
wnf aqmuf Edkif chJ onf/ trnf&Sd humanoid robot
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f /

130 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

tydkif; yHkpHrSef ae&mrcsxm;Edkifao;ay/
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rIrsm;udk tifwmeufrS wpfqifh teD;pyf
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ydkYaprnf/ System udk wnfaqmuf&ef
ok aw o e ynm &Sif rsm; taejzifh

1951 1961 1966 1970 - 1973

*syefumwGef;q&m Osamu General Motor ukrÜPDrS Stanford Research Insti- Waseda University rS
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1996 1999 2003 2004

Honda ukrP
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humaniod robot ud k DB humanoid robot udk tertainment bot udk pwif robotic vacuum cleaner
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onf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 131


OD;aESmuf\ specific signals rsm;udk
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132
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clips rsm;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom
armfawmfum;aq;okwfay;onfh indu-
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onfh y½kd*&rftwkdif;om aqmif&GufEdkif
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rS vHIYaqmfay;onfh humanoid robots
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Ref: Tech Review Jun 2005
What We Can Learn From
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onf/ tjcm;wdkYu rl&if;ykdifjzpfNyD;
,if;wkdY\ tcsuftvufokdY obm0
tavsmuf quf&ef csdwfrsm; r&Sdyg/
,if;wkYdrmS ukrPÜ \D rD;umwHwidk ;f twGi;f
jyóem rsm; yif jzpf ae ao; onf/
vkyif ef;ukrPÜ w D pfc\
k pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;
vkyfazmfukdifzufESifh oHk;pGJolrsm;\ pepf
rsm;udk pwif aygif;pnf;aomtcg
rnfuhJodkY ½IyfaxG;rI wkd;yGm;vmrnfudk
awG;Munhyf g/ aemuf tifwmeuf quf
oG,frIu ,laqmifvmaom vHkjcHKjcif;
jzmxGuf&m xyfwkd;rIrsm;vnf; yg0if
vmygonf/
tjyef tvSef quf oG,f rI ta&
twGuf BuD;rm;rIonfvnf; jyóem
aemufwpfck jzpfygonf/ ukrÜPDrsm;
wGif pepftrsm;BuD; &Sdygonf/ ERP,
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
HR, CRM, SCM tp&Sdonfrsm;ESifh
,if;wdkYwGif yg0if&mtykdif; (constitu-
ents) rsm; jzpfygonf/ tjyeftvSef
qufo, G rf rI sm;\ Geometry ½Iyaf xG;rI
onf awG;Munhfjcif;udkyif ,drf;,kdifap
ygonf/ aygif;pnf;jcif; tm;xkwfrI
trsm;onf uwdjyKxm;aom p&dwf
oufomrIrsm; okYdr[kwf tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief; tusdK;tjrwfrsm;udk ay;&ef
ysufuu G jf cif;onf thMH op&mr[kwyf g/
þaygif;pnf;jcif; jyóemBuD;
twGuf oyf&yfaomtajzudk Web 0ef
aqmifrIrsm;u ay;urf;ygonf/ pepf
wpfck\ euf½dIif;aom atmufcH tcsuf
tvuf wnfaqmufyu kH kd em;vnf&rnf
okdYr[kwf wpfydGKifhrSwpfydGKifh aygif;pnf;
jcif;ukwfrsm;udk a&;om;&rnfhtpm;
ukrÜPDrsm;onf pepfwpfckpDay:wGif
vkdtyfaom owif;tcsuftvufESifh
vkyfaqmifEkdifpGrf;udk pHerlemenf;jzifh
azmfxkwfaom Web 0efaqmifrItvTm
xyfaygif;&efom vdkygonf/ xkdtcg
aygif; pnf; jcif; onf BuD; rm; aom
wefqmyvmjyefqifaom tm;xkwfrI
145

r[kwfawmhbJ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; pDpOf
aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk pnf;0g;ukdufap&ef
tm;xkwfrIwpf&yfom jzpfvmygonf/
tjrifwGifMunhfygu Web 0ef
aqmifrIonf a,bk,stm;jzifh HTTP
oHk;NyD; SOAP udk em;axmifjyefvnf
ajzMum;aom qmAmom jzpfonf/ vuf
awGUt& Web 0efaqmifro I nf ,if;\
tjyeftvSefqufoG,f&mrsm;udk azmfjy
&ef WSDL udk axmufyNHh yD; UDDI rSwf
yHkwif&m pm&if;wGif yg0if&rnf jzpfyg
onf/ þae&mtxd Web 0efaqmifrI
rsm;onf vSnfhpm;ouhJokdY vG,fulyg
onf/ ,cktxd vHkjcHKa&;? qufoG,f
vkyfukdifrIrsm;? tajctaepDrHcefYcGJrIESifh
tvk y f p D ; aMumif ; twG u f Web 0ef
aqmifrIrsm;? pHerlemrsm; ywfvnfay;
enf;ynm vkyif ef;pkwYdk pkpnf;rvmchMJ u
ao;yg/ ok d Y a omf v nf ; enf ; ynm
tokdif;t0kdif;0ifwkdif;vkdvkdyif þerlem
rsm;udk wDxGifxkwfvkyf&ef qkdif&m pdwf
0ifpm;rI&SdaeMuNyD; ,if;wkdYonf ESpf
tenf;i,ftwGif; oD;yGifhrnf jzpfyg
onf/
,aeYwGif Web 0efaqmifrIrsm;
wDxGifxkwfvkyfrIudk Microsoft \
.Net okdYr[kwf Sun Microsystems
\ J2EE owfrSwfcsufudk toHk;jyKNyD;
atmifjrifr&I Muygonf/ J2EE taejzifh
Web 0efaqmifrItwGuf axmufyhHrI
r&Sd[laom rjiif;ckHEkdifaom tcsufudk
xnfhwGufygu pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;
vSygonf/ J2EE owfrSwfcsufonf
J2EE 1.4 rwkdifrD Web 0efaqmifrIrsm;
twGuf obm0 axmufyhHrIay;rnf
r[kwfyg/ Sun onf rMumrDu J2EE
1.4 udkvnf; 6 v a&TUqkdif;vdkuf&m
2004 ckESpf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;qkdif&m
taumiftxnfazmfrrI sm;jzpf&ef tvm;
tvm odyfr&Sdyg/ ,aeY J2EE toHk;jyK
NyD; Web 0efaqmifrIrsm; wDxGif xkwf
146
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
vkyfjcif;qkdonfrSm J2EE owfrSwf
csufrsm;wGif ryg0ifonfh wk;d csJUrIrsm;udk
toH;k jyKjcif;aomfvnf;aumif;? odYkr[kwf
XML parsing trsm;tjym;twGuf
ukwfa&;om;&rnf jzpfygonf/
pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;onfrSm
vltrsm;u ,lqawG;awm&m\ ajymif;
jyefjzpfvifhupm; trSefwu,f J2EE
onf yGiv hf if;aom owfrw S cf surf [kwf
yg/ Sun u J2EE onf Java Com-
munity process (JCP) xHokdY opömcH
jzpfonf[k ajymaomfvnf; JCP onf
tokdif;t0kdif;0ifrsm;taejzifh owfrSwf
csufrsm;udk jyifqif&efESifh jyKjyif&efudk
tBuHay;aom pDpOfvkyfaqmif&mudkom
azmfjyowfrSwfygonf/ tNyD;owfrSwf
csufrsm;udk SUN uom oabmwlcGifh
ay;Ekdifygonf/ Sun onf wpfcgxuf
renf; vlyHktv,fwGif enf;ynmudk
pHerlemrsm;tzGJUokdY vTJay;&ef uwdjyKchJ
aomfvnf; tcgwkdif;wGifvnf; uwd
rwnfchJyg/
tjcm;wpfbufwGif Microsoft
.NET \ yif&if;ydkif;wpfckonf bHkoHk;
bmompum; tjyeftvSef qufoG,f
&m (Common Language Interface,
CLI) jzpfygonf/ Microsoft u tkyc f sKyf
a&;qkdif&mwdkYudk pHerlemrsm;tzGJU tppf
trSefjzpfonfh European Computer
Manufacturer's Association (EC-
MA) udk w&m;0ifay;tyfvkdufNyD jzpf
ygonf/
okdYaomfvnf; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
urÇmonf tvGefus,fjyefYNyD; Micro-
soft .NET okdYr[kwf J2EE okdYr[kwf
tjcm;enf;ynmonf toifhawmfqHk;
jzpfonfrSm &Sif;vif;ygonf/ Oyrm
ukrPÜ wD pfcok nf enf;ynmwpfrsdK;ay:
wGif vuf&&dS if;ES;D jr§KyfErHS rI sm;&SNd yD; t&if;
tjrpfuefYowfcsurf sm; awGUBuHKaeaom
tcg okdYr[kwf oHk;pGJNyD;&Sd&if;pGJ aqmhzf
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
0JtajccH uefYowfcsuf &Sad omtcgwGif
jzpfygonf/ okYdaomfvnf; rsm;aomtm;
jzifh Microsoft .NET onf aps;uGuf
okdY 0if&eftcsdef? vkyfEkdifpGrf;ESifh tajz
\ tvHk;pHkp&dwfay:tajccHygu odom
aomta&;omrIudk ay;urf;ygonf/
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wGif ydkjrefvQif
ykdaumif;ygonf
(In Business, the Faster the Bet-
ter)
toHk;csrI wDxGifxkwfvkyfjcif;\
t"du&nfreS ;f csuw f pfco k nf taumif;
qHk;&&SdEkdifaomtajzudk tjrefqHk; &&ef
yif jzpfygonf/ þokdY vkyfudkifEkdif&ef
wDxiG x f w k v
f yk rf I wefqmyvmrsm;onf
vkyfief;ukrÜPD Adokumrsm;? pepf 'DZkdif;
a&;qGJolrsm;? toHk;csrI wDxGif xkwf
vkyfolrsm;? t&nftaoG; tmrcHrI ppf
aq;olrsm;tm;vH;k \ vkt d yfcsufrsm;udk
ajz&Sif;&rnf jzpfygonf/
Microsoft.NET wDxi G x
f wk v
f yk f
rI\ OD;aqmifwefqmyvmrsm;tpk jzpf
aom Microsoft Visual Studio.NET
onf aps;uGufwGif taumif;qHk;aom
wDxGif xkwfvkyfrItpk[k ausmfMum;cH&
ygonf/ þxkwfukefonf vkyfief;
ukrÜPDrsm;taejzifh wDxGifxkwfvkyfrI
pDru
H ed ;f tm;vH;k ausmjf zwfNyD; wpforwf
wnf;&Sad e&ef yHpk u H uG rf sm;udk azmfjyowf
rSwfapygonf/ ,if;onf Adokumrsm;
taejzifh y½kd*&rftpDtpOfrSwfwrf;udk
*&yfzpfoHk; 'DZkdif;wefqmyvmrsm;oHk;í
xkwfvkyfEkdifapNyD; wDxGifxkwfvkyfol
rsm;twGuf bmompum;ESifh Mueftif
vu©Pmrsm;wGif a&G;cs,pf &m us,jf yefY
pGmay;xm;ygonf/ ,if;onf y½kd*&rf
tprStqHk;txdudk Munhf½Ippfaq;&ef
prf;oyfolrsm;tm; <u,f0aom trSm;
&Sm ywf0ef;usifudkvnf; ay;urf;yg
onf/

ykH-1 .NET frameword Oyrm
Visual Studio .NET udk rjiif;
qefEkdif&ef &Sdaomfvnf; .NET y½kd*&rf
rsm;udk xkwd efqmyvmjzifh wnfaqmuf
&ef rvkdyg/ Borland uhJokdYaom a&mif;
csolrsm;onfvnf; tvGefaumif;aom
wDxGifxkwfvkyf&m suite rsm;udk ay;
urf;ygonf/ aemufNyD; rQa0oHk;pGJEkdif
aom C# Compiler rsm;yif &Sdygonf/
Microsoft.NET y½k* d &rfrsm;onf
Java a,mifaqmifpuf (Java Virtual
Machine, JVM) twGi;f J2EE y½d* k &rf
rsm; vkyfudkifouhJokdY bHkoHk;bmom
pum; vkyfaqmifcsdef (Common Lan-
guage Runtime, CLR) twGif; vkyf
aqmifygonf/ .NET framework onf
CLR udk <u,f0aom vkyfudkifaqmif
&GufEkdifrIrsm; xyfaygif;ay;ygonf/
J2EE u JVM udk ,lvmaom xyfaygif;
vkyfEkdifpGrf;rsm;xuf ydkoefrmygonf/
J2EE wGif vG,u f al om tvkyrf sm;udyk if
cufcaJ pygonf/ Oyrm EJB \ vkyEf idk f
pGr;f jyóemrsm;aMumifh y½k*d &rf pDpOfa&;
om;olrsm;udk ESpyf pkH t
H csuftvuf &,l
qufo, G af &;udk toH;k jyKMu&m ,if;wkYd
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
taejzifh ukwfESpfck a&;om;&ef vkdtyf
apygonf/
.NET framework onf ody<f u,f
0aomaMumifh y½kd*&rfpDpOfolrsm;onf
J2EE ESifh ,SOfvQif yHkrSeftm;jzifh odom
pGm enf;yg;aom ukwv f idk ;f rsm; a&;om;
&efomvkyd gonf/ Oyrm J2EE \ wuf
<uaom axmufcHolwpfOD;jzpfolu
taumif;qHk;jzpf&ef J2EE Pet Store
wGif J2EE atmufukwfvdkif;aygif;
14,004 ck vkdtyfaomfvnf; .NET
framework atmufwGif 2096 om vkd
tyfygonf/
þ 85 &mckdifEIef; ukwfavsmhaygh
jcif;onf rnfuhJodkY t"dyÜm,faygufyg
oenf;/ toHk;csrIonfþrQavmuf
ydkNyD; jrefqefpGm NyD;pD;onf[k t"dyÜm,f
&ygonf / trS m ;ta&twG u f o nf
ukwv f idk ;f ta&twGujf zifh BuD;xGm;aom
aMumifh QA ywfvnf ydkwdkawmif;NyD;
ydw
k nfNidrv f jkH cHKaom xkwu f ek f jzpfonf
[kvnf; t"dyÜm,f&ygonf/
vG,u f pl mG ajym&vQif .NET toH;k
csrIrsm;onf ,if;wkdY\ J2EE ayguf
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
azmfrsm;rwkdifrD tvif;a&mifudk awGU&
rnf jzpfygonf/
vkyfEkdifpGrf; (Performance)
.NET vs J2EE vkyf Ekdif pGrf;
taMumif; tus,fjyKvkyfMu&m .NET
tajzrsm;u rnfrQydkí vsifjrefpGm vkyf
Ekdifonfudk twkcd sKH; azmfjyygrnf/ vkyf
ief;ukrP Ü pD epfrsm;wGif tvHk;pHk vkyfEkdif
pGrf;onf ta&;ygaom tcsufjzpfonfh
tajctae &Sm;yg;ygonf/ ydkta&;yg
onfrSm qmAmwpfckwGif toHk;csol
rnfrQudk axmufyhHEkdifonfuhJokdYaom
*Pef;rsm; jzpfygonf/ tb,faMumifh
qkdaomf ,if;onf toHk;jyKrIESifh xdef;
odrf;rIp&dwfrsm;okdY wkduf½kduf bmom
jyefygonf/
Sun \ ajymqkdrIrsm; &Sdaomfjim;
vnf; The Middleware Company
(TMC) \ Java Pet Shop avhvmrI
onf aqG;aEG;&mwGif tvGef oufqkdif
ygonf/ TMC onf J2EE urÇmwGif
ta&;ygaom upm;oljzpfNyD; ,if;\
0ifaiG tm;vHk;vkdvkdyif Java ESifh J2EE
xkwfa0jcif;ESifh twkdifyifcHjcif;rS &&Sdyg
onf/ ,if;onfvnf; tvGefvlBudKuf
rsm;aom J2EE Web site wpfcjk zpfonfh
TheServerSide.Com ukdvnf; vkyf
udkifygonf/ Sun uvnf; TMC udk
tvGeftaumif;xifNyD; Web ay:wGif
TMC udk taumif;ajym xkwfazmfyg
onf/
Java Pet Shop avhvmcsufu
.NET onf J2EE \ ukwf 5 yHk 1
yHkom vkdtyfonf/ toHk;jyKol 50 -
60 &mckid Ef eI ;f ydak xmufyEHh idk Nf yD; wpfpuúeYf
vQif qufoG,fvkyfudkifrI 2 qcefY ay;
urf;onf[k ed*Hk;csKyfygonf/ .NET
onf ydkí aps;oufomaom yvuf
azmif;ay:wGifjzpfNyD; trSm;vHk;0ryg0if
aomfvnf;? avhvmxm;aom J2EE
147

toHk;csrIqmAm ESpfckpvHk;onf trSm;
rsm; ay:NyD; qmAmwpfcku vkyfEkdif&nf
owfrSwfa&;udk rNyD;qHk;Ekdifapyg/ Sun
u azmfjycsufyif&if;[k ,lqxm;aom
J2EE zufvu dk f ukrP Ü x D rH S jzpfygonf/
JavaOne 2002 uGefz&ifhrS Sun
\ ukd,fykdiftcsuftvufyifvQif ppf
wrf;ppfc&H aom J2EE oH;k pGo J rl sm;\ 86
&mckdifEIef;u vkyfaqmifEkdifpGrf; ylyifrI
rsm; &Sdonf[k jyygonf/ TPC-C
benchmark rsm;wGif J2EE tajccH
toHk;csrIrsm; r&Sdjcif;onfvnf; ajym
Mum;aeygonf/ Oyrm IBM \ TPC-
C wifjyrIrsm;onf Microsoft COM+
okYd r[kwf IBM \ ydt k Ndk yD; Java r[kwf
J2EE r[kwo f nfh ,cifu Encina [k
odaom qufoG,fvkyfudkifjcif; pDpOf
aqmif&GufrIBuD;Muyf&m (transaction
processing monitor) udk toHk;jyKyg
onf/
J2EE tokdif;t0kdif;u vkyfaqmif
Ekid pf rG ;f tjiif;yGm;rIukd J2EE oH;k olrsm;u
jrefEIef;udk a&TUajymif;oHk;pGJEkdifrIjzifh vJ
vS,fonf[k acsyygonf/ onf[m
t[kwf r[kwfyg/ tb,faMumifhqkd
aomf J2EE toH;k csrI qmAmrsm;twGi;f
wu,fa&TUajymif;oH;k pGEJ idk rf rI &Syd g/ Ora-
cle \ Web site uyif 0efcHygonf/
]]oDtkd&Dt& rnfonfh J2EE toHk;csrI
rqkd J2EE pnf;rsO;f vdu k ef maom toH;k
csrI qmAmay:wGif oHk;pGJEkdifaomfvnf;
vufawGUwGif wdusrSefuefrI r&Sdyg/
IBM \ Web site wGif J2EE toH;k csrI
udk BEA Web Logic rS Web Sphere
odYk a&TUajymif;oH;k pG&J eftwGuf &Snv f sm;pGm
&Sif;jyxm;aom pmrsufESmaygif; 200
ausm&f o dS nfh txl;pmwrf; yg0ifygonf/
vG,v f , G af jym&vQif .NET toH;k
csrrI sm;onf EdiI ;f ,SOEf idk af om J2EE toH;k
csrIrsm;ESifhpmvQif ydkjrefqefNyD; oHk;pGJol
ydkrsm;rsm;udk axmufyhHEkdifygonf/
148
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tajzp&dwf (Cost of Solution)
tajz\tvH;k pHpk &dwof nf vkyif ef;
ukrP
Ü w D pfct
k aejzifh toH;k csrIukd wnf
aqmuf&mESifh toHk;jyK&mwGif aiGaMu;
rnfrQoHk;rnfqkdonfwkdY yg0ifygonf/
udpEö SpfckpvHk;wGif Microsoft.NET u
J2EE tay: odompGm ta&;omrI ay;
urf;ygonf/
J2EE tajzudk wnfaqmufaom
tcg y½kd*&rfpDpOfa&;olrsm;taejzifh
bmompum; a&G;cs,f&m jyif;xefaom
uefYowfcsuf &Sdygonf/ ,if;wkdYonf
Java om toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ tjcm;
wpfzufwGif .NET Framework onf
bmompum; 30 eD;yg;axmufyyHh gonf/
trSefwu,f Sun ajymqkdrIrsm;\
ajymif;jyeftjzpf Visual Studio .NET
onf Java 0gus zGJUpnf;rsOf; (Java-
syntax) bmompum; J#, C#, C++ ESihf
Visual Basic .NET tp&Sad om bmom
pum; 4 rsdK;udk bl;wGi;f twGuf axmuf
yhHygonf/ bmompum; wpfckpDudk
twdtus wlnDpGm axmufyhHygonf/
C# onf .NET wDxGif xkwfvkyfrI
twGuf tvGefaumif;aom bmom
pum;jzpfaomfvnf; .NET framework
u C# wpfcktwGufom taumif;qHk;
jyKvkyfxm;onfr[kwfyg/
xyfavmif;NyD; tjcm; a&mif;csol
rsm;onf J Script, Perl, COBOL, For-
tran, Smalltalk, Eiffel ESihf Mondrian
yg0ifaom us,fjyefYaom bmompum;
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
rsm;udk xyfNyD;ay;urf;ygonf/ &Sif;
onfrSm ukrÜPDrsm;onf tajzrsm;udk
wnfaqmuf&ef Oyrmtm;jzifh bmom
pum; 10 ck NydKifwloHk;rnfr[kwfyg/
odkYaomfvnf; oD;oefYpDrHudef; wpfck
twGuf bmompum; a&G;cs,fEkdif&m
onf odomaom aiGaMu; oufomEkid rf I
rsm; &,lEkdifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqkd
aomf ukrÜPDrsm;onf vuf&Sd y½kd*&rf
pDpOfolrsm;udk Java twGuf jyefvnf
avhusifhoifMum;ay;&ef rvdkbJ toHk;
jyKEkdifygonf/
xkYd jyif Visual Basic y½k*d &rf pDpOf
olrsm;onf Java y½kd*&rf pDpOfolrsm;
xuf ydkrsm;jym;í ydkaps;oufom&ef
&Syd gonf/ ,cifu wnfaxmifNyD;onf
rSm wDxGif xkwfvyk o f rl sm;onf ukwf
pwifa&;om;aomtcg ,if;wkdYonf
ydkenf;aom ukwfukdom a&;&efvkd&m
odomaom p&dwo f ufomrIoYdk em;vnf
apygonf/ toHk;csrIonf tqifoifh
jzpfaomtcg ,if;udk toHk;jyK&rnf
jzpfygonf/ .NET urÇm\ Intel tajccH
qmAmwGif Window 2000 server
okdYr[kwf vm&ef&Sdonfh Windows
2003 Server oHk;NyD; vnfywfjcif;[k
t"dymÜ ,fay:ygonf/ TMC t& aqmhzf
0J p&dwcf efYreS ;f ajc a':vm 5,990 &S&d m
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udkyif pD;yGm;a&;oHk; J2EE toHk;csrI
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wGif a':vm 40,000 rS a':vm 48,
000 txd xyfaygif;&ygrnf/
vkyfief;ukrÜPD taejzifh Linux
a&G;NyD; a':vm 5 ,990 Windows
vkid pf ifukd z,f&mS ;vkad omfvnf; ,if;u
toH;k csrq I mAmudk xyfxnf&h rnf jzpfyg
onf/ a':vm 6,000 cefYavsmhNyD;
aemufxyf a':vm 48,000 pdkuf&rnf

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awGtm;vHk; udk,fhuGefysLwmxJrSm &SdcsifrSvnf; &Sdr,f/
Ä Primary zavmhyD disk udk A: vdkYac:w,f
zavmhyD drive taeeJY tNrJwrf; jyavh&Sdwmuawmh
A: yg/ t"du[mh'' f pf udk C: vdYk tNrJjyw,f/ usefwmawGukd
awmh D:, E:, F: pojzifh wef;pDNyD; jyoGm;avh&wdS ,f/ B: udk
awmh jycJw,f/ 'DacwfrSm zavmhyD drive udk b,folrS 2 vHk;
rwyfMuawmhygbl;/
zdk'grsm;udk a&G;jcif; (Select) ESifh zGifhjcif; (Open)
My Computer Tasks view rSm Explorer udz k iG v
hf u
kd &f if
zdk'gESpfckudkawGY&vdrfhr,f/ Share Document eJY My Docu-
ments qdkwmaygh/
tJ'D drive awGzdk'geJY tvkyfvkyfcsif&if yxrOD;qHk; se-
lect vkyfay;zdkYvdkw,f/ txJrSm bmawGygw,fqdkwm odrS
zGifhMunfhNyD; oHk;EdkifrSm jzpfw,f/

154 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
yH k - 3
My Computer xJrSm&SdwJh My Documents xJu yg0ifwJh
taMumif;t&mawG
1/ Start udkzGifhNyD; My Computer udk Click vkyfvdkufyg/
Tasks view rSm Explorer eJUyGifhatmifvkyfxm;yg/
2/ Local Disk (C:) udk Click vkyv
f u
kd yf g/ (wpfcsuw
f nf;)/
C: u a&G;NyD;om;jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f/
olYtaMumif;t&mtjynfhtpHkudkvnf; Tasks pane u
Details rSmazmfjyxm;vdrfhr,f/
3/ My Documents udk double-click vkyfvdkufyg/
('grSr[kwf oif emrnfwpfcck ak y;xm;wJh zd'k g odYk r[kwf
Documents udkzGifhvdkuf yg)/ Explorer uyg0ifwJh
taMumif;t&mjrifuGif;awG ajymif;oGm;vdrfhr,f/
yHk-3 rSmazmfjyxm;wJhtwdkif;
My Music, My Pictures qdkwmawG ay:vmvdrfhr,f/
4/ ud,
k &f mS aewJh taMumif;t&mawG yg?ryg zd'k gawGwpfcNk yD;
wpfck avQmufzGifhMunfhvdkY&w,f/
zdk'gtopfwpfckudk zefwD;jcif;
Windows XP txJrmS ygvmwJh My Documents, My
Pictures vdk zdk'gawGxJrSm udk,fhzdkifawGudk oGm;odrf;aer,fh
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
zdkifESifh zdk'grsm;udk trnfajymif;jcif; (renaming)
zsuf y pf j cif ; (Deleting)
zdkif odkYr[kwf zdk'gwpfckudk trnfajymif;ay;jcif;
zdkif odkYr[kwf zdk'gwpfckckudkawGYNyD emrnf ajymif;ay;csif
w,fqdk&if select rvkyfvdkufygeJYOD;/
rlvemrnfae&mrSm jznf;jznf;av; click ESpfcsufvkyf
vdkufyg/ 'gqdk&ifpm½dkufxnf h v d k Y & oG m ;NyD / Bud K uf w J h
emrnfay;/ NyD;&if Enter ESdyfvdkuf½HkyJ/
odkYr[kwf
rlvtrnfae&mrSm right-click ESyd v f u kd yf g/ NyD;&if Rename
udka&G;vdkufyg/ emrnfopfudk ½dkufNyD; Enter ESdyfvdkufyg/
zdkif odkYr[kwf Folder wpfckudk zsufjcif;
udk,fzsufcsifwJh zdk'g odkYr[kwf zdkifudk awGYatmif&Smyg/
tJ'Dzdkif odkYr[kwf zdk'gudk select vkyfNyD;&if Delete udkESdyf
vdkufyg/ olu aocsmatmif xyfar;vdrfhOD;r,f/ aocsmNyD
qdk&if Yes udk click xyfvkyfvdkufyg/
zsufypfvdkufwJh zdkifawG zdk'gawGudk
jyefNyD;&atmif,ljcif; (Recover)
zsufypfvdkufwJh zdkifawG zdk'gawGudk jyefNyD;vdkcsif&if
Explorer udkzGifh? olY txJu Edit menu rSm Undo De-
lete udk a&G;vdkuf½HkyJ/
odkYr[kwf
Desktop ay:u Recycle Bin ud k doudle-click eJ Y
zGifhvdkufyg/ tJ'DtxJu jyefvdkcsifwJh zdkif odkYr[kwf zdk'gudk
right-click ESdyfNyD; Restore udk a&G;vdkuf½HkyJ/
zdkif odkYr[kwf zdk'gwpfckudk
tNyD;zsufvdkufjcif; (Permanently delete)
zdkif odkYr[kwf zdk'gwpfckudk tNyD;wdkif zsufvdkufawmhr,fvdkY
qHk;jzwfNyD;&if
tJ'D icon udk yxrOD;qHk; select vkyfvdkufyg/ NyD;&if Shift
eJY Delete udkwGJESdyfyg/ xyfar;&if Yes vdkYajymvdkuf½HkyJ/
'gqd&k if Recycle bin xJukd tJ'zD ikd af wG zd'k gawG a&mufomG ;
awmhrSm r[kwfbl;/
odkYr[kwf
Recycle bin udk double-click vkyNf yD; awGYwhJ icon ay:rSm
right-click vkyfvdkufyg/ NyD;&if Delete udka&G;/ ar;vm&if
Yes udka&G;/
155
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tpm; udk,fydkifzdk'gxJrSmvnf; odrf;vdkY&w,f/ zdk'gtopf 1/ Start udkzGifh/ My Computer udk click vkyf/ tasks bar
vdkcsif&ifawmh udk,fwdkifzefwD;,l&vdrfhr,f/ ay:u Folder udkzGifhxm;/
Oyrm a&SUydkif;rSmazmfjycJhwJh My Trips vdk zdk'grsKd;wpfck 2/ Menu bar ay:u View udk click vky/f NyD;&if Toolbars
aygh/ udka&G;/ Standard Buttons udka&G;/ NyD;&if Lock the
1/ Tasks view xJuae Explorer udkzGifh/ Folder view Toolbars udkxyfa&G;/ Address Bar eJY Links udkawmh
r[kwfbl;aemf/ 'DtcsdefrSm tjcm;bmudkrS select vkyf ra&G;rdapeJY/ tJ'gawGu tifwmeufeJYqdkifwmawG/
rxm;rdapeJY/
2/ vuf0Jbuftjcrf;rSm Make A New Folder qdkNyD;
&Sw
d ,f/ tJ'gudk click vkyv f ukd w
f meJY vusfmbuftjcrf;
xJrSm New Folder qdkNyD; highlight eJY ay:vmvdrrhf ,f/

3/ tJ't D csed rf mS emrnf½u

kd x
f nfv kd /f Oyrm My Trips aygh/
h u
NyD;&if Enter ESdyfvdkuf/ Click ESpfcsufESdyfNyD; tJ'Dzdk'gudk
zGifhMunfhEdkifNyD/
aemufwpfenf;uawmh vusfmbuftjcrf;u vGwfwJh
3/ Customize udk xyfNyD; click vkyf/ Customize Toolbar
wpfae&m&mrSm right-click ESdyfNyD; New udka&G;vdkuf/ NyD;&if
dialogue box wpfck xyfusvmvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DrSm icon
Folder udx k yfa&G;/ yH-k 4 rSmjyxm;w,f/ BudKufwJhemrnf ½dkuf
awGukd vuf0b J ufuae pdwBf udKufa&G;NyD; vusfmbufukd
xnfhNyD;&if Enter ESdyfvdkuf½HkyJ/
0ifcsi&f if Add eJY jznhvf ukd ½f ykH /J rvdck si&f ifvnf; rvdck sif
wJh icon udak &G;NyD; Remove vkyv f u
kd &f if Toolbar ay:rSm
jznfw h m jzKwfwm vkyEf ikd Nf yD/ tm;vH;k NyD;&if box udk close
eJY ydwfvdkuf/

yH k - 4
zdk'gzefwD;&mrSm
tvG,fqHk;uawmh Explorer &JU vusfmbuftjcrf;
vGwfwJhae&mrSm right-click ES d y f N yD ; yH k - 5 Windows Explorer xJu zdk'gawG zdkifawGudk
New vkyfvdkufwmyJ tao;pdwf taMumif;t&meJY jrifcsif&if View xJ u ae
Status Bar ud k a&G ; ay;vd k u f ½ H k e JY zd k i f t &G , f t pm;u
Explorer ud k p d w f B ud K uf z ef w D ; jcif ;
b,favmuf? trsKd;tpm;u bmqdkNyD; tao;pdwf
Explorer udk pdwfBudKuftaetxm;eJY jrifEdkifatmif
azmf j yvd r f h r ,f
zefwD;vdkY&w,f/

156 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
4/ Menu bar ay:uae View udkESdyf? NyD; Status Bar udk olYudkzGifhcsif&if
Click vky/f yH- k 5 rSm azmfjyxm;wJt
h wdik ;f jrif&vdrrhf ,f/ 1/ Explorer udzk iG rhf ,f/
5/ Explorer xJu View udkjyefzGifh/ yH-k 5 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh 2/ Tasks bar ay:uae Tools udka&G;/ NyD;&if Folder Op-
twdik ;f tao;pdwfjrifEdkifatmifvkyfxm;/ Icon awGudk tions udka&G;/ Folder Options box usvmvdrfhr,f/
b,fvjkd rifcsifwmvJ/ Tiles, Icons, List, Details qdNk yD; NyD;&if General tab uzGifhNyD;om;jzpfae&vdrfhr,f/
BudKuf&ma&G;Munfhvdkuf tao;pdwf azmfjyay;vdrfhr,f/ yHk-6 rSmMunfhyg/
6/ View udjk yefziG /hf Arrange Icons By udk click vkyx f m;/ tJ'DtxJrSm bmawGvkyfEdkifovJqdkawmh
zdik ef YJ zd'k gawGukd Screen ay:rSm b,fvjkd rifcsio f vJqw kd m Ä tapmydkif;wkef;u oHk;cJhwJh Windows version u
(pOfNyD;awmh) azmfjyay;cdkif;Edkifw,f/ zdk'gyHkawG roHk;csif&if/
7/ vdktyf&if View udkjyefzGifhNyD; Choose Details udk click Ä zd'k gwpfcu k zkd iG v
hf u f ikd ;f Window topfwpfct
kd w k ae
vkyv f u kd yf g/ tJ'rD mS tao;pdwbf mawG azmfjy&rvJqw kd m eJY jrifcsif&if/
a&G;Edik af o;w,f/ a&G;&if OK / ra&G;csif&if Cancle aygh/ Ä udk,fa&G;vdkufwJhwpfckckudk Click wpfcsufodkYr[kwf
ESpcf sufEydS w
f meJY zGiahf y;yg ajymif;cdik ;f vdYk &w,f/ Icon
awGab;u pmom;awGudk rsOf;om;ay;cdkif;vdkYvnf;
&w,f/
8/ vdktyf&if View udkxyfa&G;NyD; Go To udk a&G;xm;yg/ 3/ Folder Options u View tab udk click vkyfMunfhyg/
'Dtydkif;u a&SU? aemuf tpOftwdkif; jyefMunfhEdkifwJh yHk-7 rSmjyxm;w,f/ 'Dtydkif;rSm zdkifeJYzdk'gawGudk b,fvdk
tydkif;/ 'gudkawmhTasks bar ay:u jrm;awGeJYyJ oGm;wm yHkpHeJY jrifcsifw,fqdkwm a&G;ay;vdkY&w,f/ rlvtwdkif;
rsm;w,f/ jyefvdkcsif&ifvnf; Defaults taeeJY jyefxm;Edkifao;
w,f/
zdk'gudk pdwfBudKufajymif;vJjcif;
zdk'gawGudk pdwfBudKufajymif;vJEdkifzdkY Folder Options
dialogue box qdkwm &Sdw,f/ oluawmh Explorer eJY vHk;0
rwlbl;/

yHk-7
Folder Options &J U View tab jrif u G i f ;

yH k - 6 Folder Options eJ Y General tab

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 157

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
zdkifESifh zdk'grsm;udk Copy vkyfjcif;ESifh
Move vk y f j cif ;
zdkifawGeJYzdk'gawGudk Copy eJY Move vkyfwm armufpf?
menu ? uD;bkwaf wGuaeNyD;awmh vkyfEdkifw,f/
armufpfjzifh Copy vkyfjcif;
armufpfeJY Copy vkyfcsif&if zdkifeJY zdk'gawGudk drag
vkyfwdkif; udk,f Copy vkyfxm;csifwJhae&m ra&mufrcsif;
Ctrl uD;udk ESdyfxm;&r,f/
'Dtydkif;rSm
Ä System zd'k gawG&UJ taMumif;t&mawGudk azmfjycdkif;vdkY
&w,f/
Ä 0Sufxm;wJh zdkifawG zdk'gawGudk jyefazmfcdkif;vdkY&w,f/
Ä todrsm;wJhzdkiftrsKd;tpm;awGudk 0Sufcdkif;vdkYr&Edkifbl;/
Ä OS eJYqdkifwJh pepfzdkifawGudk 0Sufcdkif;vdkYr&bl;/
4/ Folder Options xJu File Types udk a&G;Munfhyg/ uGef
ysLwmrSm register vkyx f m;wJh zdik t
f rsK;d tpm;awG tm;vHk;
udk azmfjyxm;vdrfhr,f/ udk,fwifxm;wJh y½dk*&rfawG
tay:rlwnfNyD; zdik t
f rsK;d tpm;awG trsm;BuD;awGYEikd wf ,f/

y½dk*&rfzdkifr[kwfonfh zdkifrsm;udk Move vkyfjcif;

½d;k ½d;k Move vkycf siw f mawmh ud,k rf xm;csiaf wmhwahJ e&m
u zdkifawG? zdk'gawGudk udk,fxm;csifwJh ae&ma&mufatmif
armufpef YJ qGo J mG ;vdu
k ½f ykH /J wpfck owdxm;&rSmu y½d*k &rfzikd f
awmh rjzpfapeJYaygh/ 5/ Registered file types atmufrmS ud, k ef YJ uRrf;0ifNyD;om;
zdkiftrsKd;tpm;awGawGY&vdrfhr,f/ Oyrm Microsoft
y½dk*&rfzdkifr[kwfonfhzdkifrsm;udk Word udka&G;Munfhvdkuf&if "DOC" zdik t f aeeJY awGYMu
tjcm; Disk wpfcktwGif;odkY ajymif;a&TUjcif; &vdrrhf ,f/ aemufxyfoel YJ qufE, T wf hJ zdik t f rsKd;tpm;awG
y½dk*&rfzdkif r[kwfwmawGudk tjcm; Disk wpfckxJ ud k b,f v z
kd i
kd t
f rsK;
d tpm;taeeJ
Y zG
i c
hf siw
f ,f qw kd mawGu
ajymif;a&TUcsif&if Shift uD;udkESdyfNyD; armufpfeJY qGJoGm;yg/ tp a&G;Edkifw,f/
6/ tm;vHk;pdwfBudKufjyifNyD;&if Folder Option udk Close
y½dk*&rfzdkifrsm;udk armufpfESifha&TUjcif; vkyfNyD; ydwfvdkufEdkifw,f/
y½dk*&rfzdkifawGudkvnf; tjcm;zdk'geJY Disk awGxJa&TUcsif yHk-8
&if Shift uD;udk ESdyfxm;NyD; a&TUoGm;vdkY&w,f/ zdkifeSifhzdk'gtrsm;pkudk a&G;cs,fxm;yHk

armufpfESifh Menu udktoHk;jyKNyD; Copy ESifh Move vkyfjcif;

armufpfeJY menu udkoHk;NyD; copy eJY move vkyfcsif&if
armufpu f vuf,mbufcvkwu f kd ESyd x
f m;NyD; zdik af wG? zd'k gawG
udk qGJoGm;&r,f/ cvkwfudk vTwfvdkuf&if aemufxyf menu
av;wpfck xyfay:vmvdrfhr,f/ copy vkyfrSmvm;? move
vkyfrSmvm;? shortcut vkyfrSmvm;? cancle vkyfrSmvm;vdkY
ar;vdrfhr,f/ BudKufwmudk a&G;ay;vdkuf½HkyJ/

158 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

armufpfESifh Tasks pane udkoHk;NyD;

Copy ESifh Move vkyfjcif;
Tasks pane bufu zdk'gwpfckckudk click vkyfvdkuf&if
vuf,mbufu jrifuiG ;f rSm Files And Folder Tasks qdNk yD;
ay:vmvdrfhr,f/
Move This File odkYr[kwf Copy This File udk a&G;
vdkuf&if Move eJYqdkifwJh odkYr[kwf Copy eJYqdkifwJh dia-
log box wpfck xyfusvmvdrr hf ,f/ yH-k 9 rSm azmfjyxm;w,f/
udk,fb,fae&mudk Copy odkYr[kwf Move vkyfcsifwmvJ
qdkwmudk a&G;ay;Edkifw,f/
1/ udk,fodrf;csifwJhae&mudk OD;pGm highlight jzpfatmif
a&G;vdkufyg/
2/ NyD;&if Copy odYkr[kwf Move udak &G;NyD; Click vkyyf g/
yHk-9
zdkifudk b,fae&mrSma&TUxm;r,fqdkwm
uD;bkwfESifh Copy odkYr[kwf Move vkyfjcif;
qHk;jzwf&vdrfhr,f
uD;bkwfuae Copy eJY Move vkyfEdkifzdkYqdkwmenf; 3 enf;
&Sdw,f/ zdkifESifhzdk'grsm;udk tpkvdkufa&G;cs,fjcif;
Ä Ctrl + C qdkwm Clipboard rSm udk,fa&G;xm;wJh zdkif vkyfief;wpfckru vkyfaqmifcsifwmawGtjyif zdkifeJYzdk'g
odkYr[kwf zdk'gudk oGm;NyD; Copy vkyfxm;wm/ rl&if; trsm;BuD;udk wpfcsed w f nf; Copy, Move, Delete vkycf siw f m
zdkifeJY zdk'g aysmufroGm;bl;/ awG&Sdaumif; &SdEdkifw,f/ 'gqdk&if zdkifawG? zdk'gawGudk trsm;
Ä Ctrl+X qdw k m Clipboard rSm a&G;xm;wJh zdik f odYkr[kwf BuD; select vkyfay;zdkY vdkvdrfhr,f/
zdk'gudk oGm;NyD; Copy vkyfwJh oabmyJ/ 'gayr,fh armufpf pointer udk udk,fa&G;csifwJh zdk'geJYzdkifawG&JU
rlvae&mrSm zdkifeJY zdk'gudk Cut vkyfvdkufwmaMumifh vuf,mbuf xdyfem;rSm xm;yg/ NyD;&if armufpfudk b,f
usefcJhrSmawmh r[kwfbl;/ cvkwfESdyfNyD; vdkcsifwJh ae&ma&mufwJhtxd qGJcsvdkuf/ yHk-8
Ä Ctrl+V qdkwm Clipboard rSm Copy odkYr[kwf Cut rSm jyxm;w,f/ (odkYr[kwf)
vkyfxm;wJh[mawGudk udk,fxm;csifwJhae&mrSm jyefNyD; yxrOD;qH;k a&G;csiw f hJ zdik o
f Ykdr[kwzf 'kd gudk click vkyv
f ukd /f
awmh Paste vkyfcdkif;wJh oabmyJ/ NyD;awmh Ctrl cvkwfudkESdyfNyD; udk,fvdkcsifwJh icon a&mufwJh
zdkifwpfckudk zdk'gwpfckxJuae Copy vkyNf yD; tjcm;wpfae&m txd Click vkyv f u
kd &f if tm;vH;k a&G;NyD;om; jzpfomG ;vdrrhf ,f/
udk uD;bkwu f ae ajymif;csif&if a&G;csifwJh icon awGu tm;vHk;qufpyfae&if Shift udk ESdyfNyD;
1/ Explorer xJuae ud, k u f ;l csifwhJ zdik &f adS er,fh zd'k g qGJcsoGm;wmeJY&w,f/
odkYr[kwf disk udkzGifhvdkufyg/ ,leDuGef;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
2/ zdik u f kd select vkyNf yD; Ctrl+C udk aygif;NyD;ESyd v f u
kd yf g/ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
'gqd&k if zdik u
f kd Copy vkyfNyD;om;jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f/ kwnp\ YOtagYany\
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
3/ udk,foGm;xnfhxm;&r,fh disk odkYr[kwf zdk'gudk 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
zGifhvdkufyg/ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
4/ tJ'D zd'k g odYkr[kwf disk yGio hf mG ;NyDq&kd if uD;bkwu f AmHt\ 197 (K)' pTmTp\' 33lm\; (ATk\)'
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
ae Ctrl+V udw k EJG ydS v
f ukd yf g/ jyefu;l NyD;om; jzpfomG ; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
ekYak\tMta;[mio>ny\' rn\kun\" Pun\;- 382248
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
vdrfhr,f/ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789

uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf 159

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
INFOTECH
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789
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tykdif; 26 wkdY uGefysLwmrsm;ay:rSwpfqifh &,lEkdif MuNyD jzpfonf/

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160 uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf


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161

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Channels Communication
What you need to telcommunicate
In the modern world, some
companies are finding it more effi-
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
cient to have certain employers
stay at home and do all of their
work on their home computers.
Then, using telecommunications,
they trasmit their work over a mo-
dem into the office where it is
printed and distributed.
Telecommunications are used
now for hundreds of differents ap-
plications. Investors routinely
check their stock market holdings,
pilots file flight plans and get
weather briefings, and shoppers
compare and purchase merchan-
dise on their computers. National
and international electronic mail is
sent and received with local phone
calls, and electronic bulletin boards
A modem
Your PC is a digital device (it
works with strings of 1s and 0s).
However, the telephone connec-
tion is an analogue device, de-
signed to transmit the sounds and
tones of the human voice. That's
why we need a modem a bridge
between digital and analogue sig-
nals.
The word 'modem' is an ab-
breviation of MO dulator/
DEModulator. When a modem
modulates, it sends very rapid on/
off pulses. The computer on the
other end translates (demodu-
lates) those signals into intelli-
gible text or graphics.
Modem transmission speeds
are measured in baud, roughly
equivalent to bits per second
(bps). Typical speeds are 14400,
28800 and 336600 bps.

are used for everything from sell-
ing used cars to finding dates.
Telecommunicating is accom-
plished by linking your computer
to telephone lines and contacing
someone through a device called a
modem. But with whom will you
communicate? Of course, you can
call up an individual who owns a
modem and talk to him or her, but
generally, you will communicate
with bulletin boards and online
services.
Local bulletin boards
Bulletin boards are frequently
free because they are maintained
by community-minded computer
enthusiasts. There are local bulle-
tin boards sponsored by user
groups, individuals and busi-
nesses. How do you find a bulletin
board? Ask the sales-man at your
local computer store or a friend
who is involved in telecommuni-
cations. If the bulletin board re-
quires registration and be required
to enter your name, address, tele-
phone number and other informa-
tion such as the kind of computer
E-mail
Electronic mail requires some
special software. You type a mes-
sage onto your computer screen,
click a Send button and it pops
up on the recipient's screen. pro-
vided that he/she is connected to
your computer via a network like
the Internet.
Voice-mail is similar to e-mail
that it includes sending recorded
sound in addition to text.
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
and modem you are using. Then,
the system operator (called a
sysop-pronounced SIS-op) will
contact you over the telephone to
assure him/herself of your identity.
Once you are in telephone
contact with the board, you can
download (receive) artwork,
games, and useful programs; or you
can play games or 'talk" to the other
people online. If you upload (send)
programs, make sure that those
programs are shreware or public
domain programs - those that spe-
cifically permit public access.
Commercial online services
A commercial online service
differs from a local bulletin board
in two key ways: (1) they are larger
and more comprehensive, and (2)
they are operated to make a profit.
A Fax-modem -is a modem with
software and hardware which can
emulate a fax machine. This al-
lows you to receive a fax directly
into your computer, where you can
read it or print it on your printer.
To send a fax you prepare the
document on your compter - for
example, by using word processor.
On a commercial online service,
you will find such diverse services
as a low-cost stock broker, an air-
line reservations service, technical
support personnel for hardware
and software manufacturers, and
access to massive databases con-
taining all kinds of information. Two
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
AS tand-alone fax services- is a
Stand-alone
facsimile machine which transmits
pictorial or textual documents so
that the image is corverted into
electrical signals which are sent
to and used by a receiving ma-
chine that produces a copy of the
orginal
Teletext on ITV and channel four
four--
is an information service in Brit-
ain which broadcasts a database
alongside the TV signal. It pro-
vides constantly updated and real
time information.
popular commercial services are
Compuserve and prodigy. Among
Compuserve's many services are
the followin: news, electronic mail,
telex, games, airline reservations,
online shopping, conferences and
special interest groups.
Prodigy's services are aimed
particularly at shoppers and the
needs of children. For adults,
Prodigy provides the whole range
of services from banking to shop-
ping, as well as helpful document
files from experts on managing
money, cooking and other useful
information. For children, there is
an online encyclopedia, as well as
adventure, science and entertain-
ment features.
163

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data rsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;ESifh aiGaMu;
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NASA network twGi;f okYd *smreD
vlrsdK;rsm; zGJUpnf;xm;onfh Chaos
Computer Club rS ckd;0ifMunhf½Ijcif;
jyóem jzpfyGm;cJhonf/
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ydYkcsu}f } wpfcak Mumifh IBM \ Ekid if w
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mation rsm; a&mif;cschJaMumif; Kevin
Andersons tay:pGJcsufwifchJ&onf/
1988 ckESpf - Zlvkdifv
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qGpZf mvefEidk if H jynfaxmifpb
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1989 ckESpf - atmufwdkbmv
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card \ vkyfaqmifenf;twkdif; aiGrsm;
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uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
1990 jynfhESpf - Ekd0ifbmv
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0if anti-hacking tpDtpOfrsm; pwif
vkyfaqmifchJonf/
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a&; ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;ESifh wuúokdvfrsm;&Sd
uGeyf sLwmpepfrsm;okYd csif;eif;0ifa&muf
rIjzifh q,fausmfouf ig;OD;tm; tjypf
'Pf csrSwfchJ&onf/
1992 ckESpf - 'DZifbmv
uGef&ufavmuwGif Dark Dante
[laom emrnfjzifh owif;qk;d jzifh ausmf
Mum;vsuf&o dS nfh Kevin Poulsen tm;
avwyfavhusifha&;ESifh ywfoufonfh
ta&;BuD;aom nTeMf um;csurf sm; ck;d ,lrI
jzifh w&m;½Hk;rS tjypf'Pf csrSwfay;chJ
onf/
A brief history of hacking
Sep - 1970
John Draper, also known as
CaptainCrunch, discovers that the
penny whistle offered in boxes of
Cap's Crunch breakfast cereal per-
fectly generates the 2,600 cycles
per second (hertz) signal that
AT&T used to control its phone
network at the time. He starts to
make free calls.
Aug -1974
Kevin Mitnick, a legend among
hackers, begins his career of hack-
ing into a variety of computer sys-

tems, including entering baniking
networks and destorying data, al-
tering c4redit reports of his en-
emies, and disconnecting the
phone lines of celebrities. His most
famous exploit - hacking into the
North American Defence Com-
mand in Colorado Springs - in-
spired War Games, the 1983 movie.
Jul- 1981
Ian Murphy, a 23-years-old known
as Captain Zap on the networks,
gains instant notoriety when he
hacks into the White House and
the Pentagon.
Sep- 1987
German Chaos Computer Club
hacks NASA network.
Dec- 1987
IBM international network is pa-
ralysed by hacker's Christmas mes-
sage.
May- 1988
Kevin Anderson is convicted of
selling hacking information to the
Russians.
Jul- 1988
Union Bank of Switzerland 'almost'
loses £32 million to hacker-crimi-
nals. Nicholas Whitely is arrested
in connection with virus propaga-
tion.
Oct- 1989
Fifteen-year-old hacker cracks US
defence computer.
Feb- 1990
US hacker obtains credit card by
hacking
Nov- 1990
Hong Kong introduces anti-hack-
ing legislation.
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Aug- 1991
Israelis arrest 18-year-old for hack-
ing foreign banking and credit card
net-works.
Jul- 1992
In New York, five teenagers are
charged with breaking into com-
puter systems at several regional
phone companies, large firms, and
universities.
Dec - 1992
Kevin Poulsen, and infamous
hacker known as 'Dark Dante' on
the networks, is charged with steal-
ing tasking orders relating to an Air
Force military exercise. He is ac-
cused of theft of US national se-
crets and faces up to ten years in
jail.
rSwfom;zG,f&m a0g[m&rsm;
Modem
MOdulator/DEModulator tm;
twkdaumuf ac:a0:jcif; jzpfonf/
w,fvDzkef;vdkif;wpfckudk toHk;jyKum
a&muf&Sdvmaom analog audio sig-
nals rsm;udk uGey
f sLwmwpfv;kH okYdr[kwf
uGefysLwm terminal wpfckokdY digital
data rsm;tjzpf 0ifa&mufoGm;ap&ef
ajymif;vJay;onf/ qufoG,fa&;oHk;
ud&d,mwpfck jzpfonf/
Short for modulator/demodulator.
A communication device that con-
verts between digital data and ana-
log audio signal.
baud
wpf p uú e f Y wG i f signal ta&
twGuf ydkYvTwfEkdifonfh EIef;xm; jzpf
onf/ rlvu aMu;eef;ud&d,mrsm;\
ydkYvTwfEIef;udk wkdif;wm&mwGif toHk;jyK
&ef jyifopfvlrsdK; Jean - Maurice E-
mail Baudot u pwif wDxi Gt
f oH;k jyKcJh
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
onf/ aemifwiG f modem wpfc\k tran-
smission speed azmfnTef;&mwGif tqkd
yg ,lepftac:ta0:ukdyif oHk;pGJ,lMu
onf/
One Signal charge per second, a
measure of data transmission
speed. Named after the French en-
gineer and telegrapher Jean-
Maurice- Emile Baudot and origi-
nally used to measure the trans-
mission speed of telegraph equip-
ment, the team now most com-
monly refers to the data transmis-
sion speed of a modem.
Bulletin board
wpfckxufruaom modem rsm;
okdYr[kwf uGef&uftwGif; owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk jzefYa0oH;k pGrJ jI yKap
aom uGefysLwmpepf jzpfonf/
A computer system equipped with
one or more modems or othermeans
of network access that server as
an information and message pass-
ing center for remote users.
Shareware
vGwv f yfpmG jzefYa0ykid cf iG &hf NdS yD; oH;k í
BudKufESpfoufvQif uGefysLwm y½kd*&rf
rlykdifcGifhESifhtnD wef&mwefaMu; ay;í
qufvufoHk;pGJEkdifaom y½kd*&rfrsm;/
Copyrighted computer programs
made available or a trial basis,; if
you like and decide to use the pro-
gram, you are excepted to pay a
fee to the program's author.
electronic mail
tDvufx&Ge;f epf pmay;pm,lpepf?
uGefysLwmwpfvHk;rS tjcm; uGefysLwm
wpfvHk;okdY w,fvDzkef;vkdif;rS wpfqifh
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ay;ykdYjcif;/
System of sending messages from
one computer terminal to another,
via telephone lines.
165

Sysop
System operator \twkad umuf
tac:ta0: jzpfonf/ Bulletin board
pepftwGufjzpfap uGefysLwmrsm;pGm
pkaygif;xm;í toHk;jyKMuaom pepf
twGufjzpfap qufoG,fcsdwfqufay;
aom atmfya&wm jzpfonf/
Short for system operator. The
overseen of a bulletin board Sys-
tem (BBS) or a small multe user
computer system.
SELF TEST
Unit - 26 :
1. Before you read
Try to answer these questions.
1. How can a PC be connected to
another computer?
2. What data communication sys-
tems can you think of? Make a
list.
2. Reading
A. Which data communication
services would you use for each of
these requirements?
1. To send a personal message to
a friend who is at a different
workstation.
2. To send a copy of a paper docu-
ment for instance, a scientific
article - from Trento University
to Cambridge University.
3. To access massive database
containing all kinds of informa-
tion or to be connected with an
airline reservations service.
4. To receive shareware and pub-
lic domain programs from a user
group.
5. To find out weather forecasts
and sports information from the
television.
a) fax
b) electronic mail (e-mail)
c) teletext
d) local bulletin board
e) commercial online service
166
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
B. Read the text again and match
the following words with their defi-
nitions.
1. Computer communications
a) a hardware device that converts
digital signals from computers
to analogue signals for trans-
mission through the telephone
system, and vice versa
2. a modem
b) the process of sending and re-
ceiving private messages via
computer
3. electornic mail
c) the process of sending and re-
ceiving information from one PC
to another via modems and tele-
phone lines.
4. a bulletin board
d) programs that a4e distributed
free, via electronic bulletin
boards or on diskette from user
groups
5. shareware
e) an electronic online service ser-
vice that allows users to send
and receive messages, retrieve
programs, request information
and communicate with other
people, using a computer, a
modem and the telephone line
C. Match and link the pairs of
expressions that have the same
meating.
file of structured data
BBS
facsimile machine
sysop
bits per second
system operator
MODEM
phone network
fax
database
Bulletin Board System
Modulator/Demodulator
baud
telephone wires
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
3. Word building
A. In pairs, look at the words and
decide.
- what part of speech each word is.
- where the stress falls on each item.
If your are not sure, look them up
in a dictionary
dictionary..
tele-means 'at/over distance'
1. telegram 2. telephoto
3. televise 4. television
5. teletype 6. teletext
7. telegraph 8. telegrapher
9. telegraphic 10.telegraphically
11. telepathy 12.telepathic
13. telescope 14. telescopic
15.telephonist
B. Now write down some words
formed by adding these prefixes.
1. auto - (means 'self')
2. trans - (means 'across, from one
place to another')
3. inter - (means 'between',
'among')
4. Hackers!
Read the text on the next page in
order to find the answer to these
questions.
1. What is a 'hacker'?
2. Which hacking case inspired
the film war Game?
3. Why was Nicholas Whitely
arrested in 1988?
4. How old was the hacker that
creaked the US defence com-
puter in October 1989?
5. Who was known as 'Dark
Dante' on the networks?
What was he accused of?
hacker: a person who obtains
illegal access to computer
data; hacking the act of
obtaining unauthorized access
to programs or data held on a
computer.
167
SOLUTION
1.
1. A PC can be connected to an-
other computer by a communica-
tion device that convert between
digital data from a computer or ter-
minal and analog auto signals than
can pass through a stand out tele-
phone line.
2. a. fare
b. electronic mail
c. teletext
d. local bulletin board
e. commercial online service
2.
(A)
1=b, 2=a, 3=e, 4=e, 5=d
(B)
a=2, b=3, c=1, d=5, e=4
(C)
database = file of structured data
BBS = Bulletin Board System
fax = fasimile machine
Sysop = system operator
MODEM = modulator/Demodula-
tor
boud = bite per second
telephone wires = Phone network
uGefysLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckESpf
5.
1. A computer phite; a person
who is totally engrossed in com-
puter technology and computer
programming on who likes to ex-
amine the code of operating sys-
tems and other programs to see
how they work. Then; person,
move commonly considered a
craker/who uses computer exper-
tise for illicet ends, such as by gain-
ing access to computer system
without permissions and tenpering
with programs and data.
2. Hacking into the North Ameri-
can Defence Command in Colo-
rado Springs inspired the files War
Games.
3. Nicholas Whitely is arrested in
connection with case of Union
Bank of Switger land almost loser
32 million to hacker-criminals.
4. Fifty year old hacken cracked
the us deferse computer in Octo-
ber 1909.
5. Kevin Poulson was known as
"Dark Dante" on the network. He
is changed with stealing tasking
orders relating to an Air Force mili-
tary excessies. He is accused of
thefor of US national secrets and
faw up to ten years in jail.
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
'secure"?
make computer networks more
Can you think of any ways to 3.
etc.)?
piracy, virus progagation,
puter crime (hacking, software
by governments against com-
What measures could be taken 2.
back to the text for help)
caused by hackers? (Refer
What sort of problems are 1.
these questions.
In small groups try and answer
7. Discussion
calls.
generated He started to make free
disovered that the penny whistle
In September 1970, John Droper
Example:
and put it into the past.
Refer back to the text in Task 5
simple (revision)
6. Languagy work: The past
in? Give reasons.
services would you be interested
you had a PC with a modem, what
ware which one company offers. If
B. Look at the list of videotex soft-
the journalist's notes.
systems to a journalist. Complete
Link. He is explaining videotex
Collins, the president of Videotex
A. Listen to interview with David
5. Listening
 uGeyf sLwmtaxG
wmoifcefa;pm
xG
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1.5 Arrays of JA JAV VA puter Science e,fy,fueJU NCC Diploma wufa&mufae

uReaf wmft
h aeeJY JAVA Developer Guide ukd oifMum;
ykdYcs&mrSm chapter 1 ukd Basic Foundation taeeJY tjynfhpkH
qk;H ? tvG,u f ql ;Hk jzpfatmif a&;om;ykYd csay;cJyh gw,f/ JAVA
&JU tajccHtkwfjrpfawGxJrSm Arrays [m rygrjzpfwJh yifr
r@dKiftw
k jf rpfBuD;wpfctk jzpf yg0ifygw,f/ 'Dawmh tajccHu
pNyD;awmh avhvmMuwmaygh/ JAVA [m aemufq;Hk ay: Non-
procedural Language, OOP Language wpfcjk zpfygw,f/
'DtcgrSm t&if Language awGrSm ryg0ifwJh features awG
trsm;BuD;yg0ifvmw,fqw dk mudv
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pmawGrSm ykdYcsay;cJhygNyD/ JAVA Language ukd tajccHNyD;
awmh Software Engineering tqifhudk wufvSrf;r,fqkd&if
uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJY System Development, Internal De-
sign and Programming pwJh tcef;u@awGudk arhxm;vkdY
r&ygbl;/ wu,fwwfajrmufatmif oif,l&rSmyg/ (Com-
wJh ausmif;om;awGuawmh 'D Module awGudk rpdrf;ygbl;)
'gawGudk pepfwus rwwfajrmuf&if programming rkd;ysH
atmif a&;wwfaevnf; EkdifiHwum Exam awGudk 0ifa&muf
ajzqkdEkdifrSm r[kwfygbl;/
uJ 'Dawmh Arrays eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh tajccHupNyD;
awmh oif,lMu&atmif/ Arrays [m trSefwu,fuawmh
data structrue tkyfpk0ifwpfckygyJ/ Data Structure (Data
type) Z,m;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh vufeJYcswGufEkdifatmiftxd
1.2 Decision, control structure and looping statement
in JAVA qkdwJhtcef;rSm oifMum;ykdYcsay;cJhygNyD/ tJ'DrSmawmh
tajccHZ,m;taeeJYygyJ/ 'Dae&mrSmawmh Internal Design
and Programming qkdwJh Module ukd tajccHNyD;awmh Ar-
rays taMumif;ukd &Sif;jyrSmyg/ uJ 'Dawmh Figure 1.2 Clas-
sification of data structures ukd avhvmMunfhyg/

Figure 1-2 Classification of data structures

Integer type
Real number type
Simple type Character type
Logical type
Basic data type Partial type
Enumeration type
Pointer type
Basic data structure
Array type
Structure type
Record type
Data structure Abstract data type

List structure

Problem-oriented Stack
data structure
(created using the Queue
basic data structure)
Tree structure

Hash

168 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtaxG
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uJ tay:rSma&;jyxm;wJh Data type ykaH v;ukd avhvmNyD;
&if Arrays [m data structures tkyfpk0ifjzpfw,fqkdwmudk
awGU&rSmyg/ Data Structures &JUatmufrmS Basic data struc-
ture &JU problem-oriented data structure (created su-
ing the basic data structure)qkdNyD; tkyfpkESpfpk &Sdwmudk
awGU&rSmyg/ 'Dtcg JAVA &JU Features awGxrJ mS awmh prob-
lem-oriented data structure awGukd JAVA &JU package
class awGxu J ae qGaJ c:,lNyD;awmh tok;H jyKvkYd &ygw,fq&dk if
tjcm; b,f Language awGrSmrS ryg0ifao;wJh features
awG yg0ifygw,fqkdwmudk vufcHEkdifrSmyg/ trSefwu,fu
awmh 'D problem-oriented data structure awG[m int,
float, Long, char, double pwJh Basic data structure awGukd
tajccHNyD;rS jyefwnfaqmuf&wmyg/ JAVA Language rSm
awmh tcsKdUaom problem-oriented data structure awG[m
package awGxr J mS yg0ifaeawmh qGaJ c:,lNyD; tok;H jyKvku
d ½f Hk
ygyJ/ tJ'DvkdygyJ Arrays [mvnf; data structure tkyfpk0if
qkdayr,fh basic data structure awGjzpfwJh int, float, Long,
char, double pwJh data type awGudk tajccHNyD; jyefwnf
aqmuf&wmyg/ Arrays qkdwmbmvJ? uJ aoaocsmcsm
a&;NyD; a&;om;ykdYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/
Arrays qkdwm[m multiple data item awGudk group
vkyNf yD; tok;H jyKcsifw,fq&dk if array taeeJY zefw;D &ygw,f/
olYrSm index_number &Sdygw,f/ olYtaeeJY multiple data
item awGukd common_name wpfcak y;ygw,f/ olY&UJ aemufrmS
size specification yg0ifygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh ar-
ray ukd aMunmwJhtcgrSm array_name &JUaemufrSm square
bracket [ ] yg0if&ygw,f/ tJ'D square bracket [ ] xJrSmrS
non-negative integer ukd xnfhNyD; aMunm&ygw,f/ 'gukd
pmzwfoltaeeJY complex jzpfoGm;rSmpkd;vkdY sample taeeJY
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sample : int[]a=new int[5];
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qkd&ifawmh 'Dvkd Declare vkyf&rSmyg/
sample : i nt[]a={22,10,18,9,27};
'D Array udk index_number awGeJY ñTefjy&r,fqkd&if
awmh 'DvkdawGU&rSmyg/
a [0] = 22
a [11]= 10
a [2] = 18
a [3] = 9 a[2] = 2.7
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005ckEpS f
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r,fqkd&ifawmh 'Dvkda&;&rSmyg/
String[]a={"Hello!","Kyaw Zayar
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a[1] = Kyaw Zayar Lay.
uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh tajccH array type ukd tajccHavmuf
awmh em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;rSmyg/ 'Dawmh arrays rSm
one-dimensional array, Two-dimensional array, Multi-
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dk ;f pD pepf
wus &Si;f jyygr,f/ aoaocsmcsm tcsed ,
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tvG,fajym&&ifawmh one-dimensional array qkdwm[m
data structure udk use vkyfNyD;awmhrS vkdif;wpfvkdif;xJrSmwif
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bl;/ Array-name &JUaemufrmS square bracket [ ] ukd tok;H jyK
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Figure 1-3 One-dimensional array
1st 2nd 3rd ..... i th .....
Element Element Element ..... Element .....
A(1) A(2) A(3) A(4)
uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh one- dimensional array taMumif;udk
tajccHawmh &avmufygNyD/ owdjyK&rSmuawmh aMunmxm;
wJh data type &JUaemufu variable name &JUaemufu
square bracket [ ] xJrSm 'orudef; (float, double) udef;eJY
(-) negaive udef;awG rxnfhrdzkdYygyJ/ Square bracket [ ]
xJrSm rygzkdYyJaemf/ Data type taeeJYawmh Declare vkyfNyD;
tokH;jyKvkdY&ygw,f/ uJ atmufrSm sample a&;jyyghr,f/
&Sif;jywmudk rsufpd½IyfaerSmpkd;vkdYyg/
sample : float[]a={1.2,3.6,2.7};
a[0] = 1.2
a[1] = 3.6
Java &JU array ykHpH[m C++ rSmyg0ifwJh array type eJY qifwl
169
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&&ifawmh awmh Array taMumif;udk vufawGUavhvmMunfh&atmif/
sample : int[]a=new int[5];//Java Lan- Listing 1.16 Using one-dimensional ar-
guage ray in JAVA
int a[5]; //C++ Language 1 . class BasicArray {
'DtcgrSm Java rSm tokH;jyKwJh Array ykHpH[m C++ rSm 2 . public static void main (String
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3
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5
type use 7
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f idk w
f hJ work group awmh main ( ) function ukd a&;om;xm;ygw,f/
[m array ygyJ/ 2/ vkdif;eHygwf 3rSmrS int [ ]a qkdwJh arrays wpfckudk zefwD;
Note : Array ukd Declare vkyw f t
hJ cgrSm uRefawmfwYdk taeeJY a&;om;ygw,f/ [ ] wpfckxJygwJhtwGuf one-dimen-
C & C++ programming language rSmvkdrsKd; aMunmvkdY sional array qkdwmudk odxm;&r,faemf/ olY&JU mem-
vnf;&ygw,f/ owdjyK&rSmuawmh Array [m same data ber awGuawmh {1,3,5,7,9}; jzpfygw,f/ Arrays mem-
type ukd tokH;jyKygw,f/ int data type udk tokH;jyKcJh&if ber awGukd a&;wJt h cg rSm brace { } ESpcf Mk um;rSm comma
tkyfpk0if data item awG b,favmufyJ&Sd&Sd tm;vkH;[m int (,) cHNyD; a&;&ygw,f/ Last arrt index rSmawmh comma
data type yJjzpfNyD;awmh wlnDygw,f/ tu,fíom mul- (,) cHa&;p&m rvdkygbl;/ Brace { } &JUaemufrSm semi-
tiple data type awGukdom tokH;jyKr,fqkd&if array type colon(;) yg&ygr,f/ uJ 'g[m Arrays &JU basic_form
r[kwfbJ Record type jzpfoGm;awmhrSmyg/ atmufrSm ygyJ/
Record type &JUykHpHukd OyrmtaeeJY a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ Ar- 3/ 'D Arrays &JU member awGudk one-dimensional array
ray [m same data type qkdwmudk txl;owdjyKyg/ &JU form twkid ;f pDpOfvudk rf ,fq&dk ifawmh 'Dvadk wGU&rSmyg/
a[0] = 1
One record (data on a student)
a[1] = 3
S tudent Name Marks S tudent Name Marks ..... a[2] = 5
number number a[3] = 7
a[4] = 9
.........<

.........<
....<
Integer type ........................<

Sort type ..............<

..............<

....................................................................................
..................................................................... uJ 'g[m dimensional array [m 'Dtwkid ;f yJ oGm;rSmyg/
(character string type)

........................................................... 'gayr,fh ac:,ltokH;jyKwJhtcgrSm a[ ] qkdwJh Array name

twkid ;f ac:,l½eHk YJ member tkypf 0k ifawGtm;vk;H yg0ifvmrSmyg/
Character type

4/ vkdif;eHygwf 4 rSm for looping udk tokH;jyKNyD;awmh loop-

ing yg0ifygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm int i qkdwmudk Declare
vkyfvkdufygw,f/ i [m 5 xufawmh i,fw,f/ NyD;awmh
Figure 1-3.1 Record type i ukd postfix increment operator udk tokH;jyKNyD;awmh

170 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtaxG
wmoifcefa;pm
xG
wpfckcsif; wkd;NyD; looping block xJukd 0ifygw,f/ vkdif; uJ 'Dawmh Listing 1.16 rSm a&;jycJhwJh program udk
eHygwf 7 rSmawmh System.out.println ( ) qkdwJh print Length API method udk tokH;jyKNyD;rS jyefa&;zGJUjyygr,f/
statement ukd tokH;jyKNyD;awmh output xkwfygw,f/ Array wpfckrSmyg0ifwJh data item ta&twGufukd odcsif&if
'DtcgrSm a[0] jzpfpOfrSm output 1, a[1] jzpfpOfrmS out- ArrayName.Length method ukd tok;H jyKvkYd &ygw,f/ twd
put 3, a[2] jzpfpOfrSm output 5, a[3] jzpfpOfrSm output tusrod&wJh data item ta&twGufawGudk intput taeeJY
7, a[4] jzpfpOfrSm output 9 qkdNyD; output ukd xkwf vufc&H r,fq&dk ifvnf; tok;H jyKvkYd&ygw,f/ Sample taeeJY
ay;ygw,f/ i &JUwefzkd;[m 5 eJYnDpOfrSmawmh looping t&ifa&;jyygOD;r,f/
block xJudk 0ifvkdYr&awmhygbl;/ i [m 5 xufi,frSom sample
vQif looping block xJukd 0ifcGifh&rSmqkdawmh for &JU int[ ]a={1,3,5,7,9};
for(int i=0;a.length;i++){
block tjyifukd ckefxGufNyD; vkdif;eHygwf 6 u main( ) System.out.println(a[i]);}
function &JU close brace } qDukd qif;vmygNyD/ NyD;awmh Listing 1.16 ukd jyef a&;xm;wJh Listing 1.17 ukd avhvm
Basic Arrays qkdwJh primary class &JU close brace} Munfhyg/ ArrayName. Length method ukd tokH;jyKNyD; a&;
qDukd qufqif;vmNyD;awmh program [m NyD;oGm;ygNyD/ om;xm;ygw,f/
uJ 'Dawmh 'D Listing 1.16 [m tenf;i,f complex Listing 1.17 Using API to ArrayName.length
jzpfaeEkid &f if Java u vG,u f o l mG ;atmif oifu
h kd tultnDay; method
1 . class APIClass {
rSmyg/ JAVA &JU API (Application Programming Inter- 2 . public static void main (String [
face) method [m package awGxJuae vkdcsifwJh method ] args){
(or) object component awGudk qGJac:,l tokH;jyKwJh enf; 3 . int [ ] a={1,3,5,7,9};
4 . for (int i=0; i < a.length; i++){
ynmygyJ/ 5 . System.out.println (a[i]);}
Note : JAVA package qkdwmuawmh C & C++ program- 6. }
mer awGtwGuf rpdr;f avmufygbl;/ C & C++ rSm oufqi dk f 7. }
output
&m program tvdkuf header file awGudk declare vkyfNyD; 1
vkdcsifwJh object component awGudk qGJac:,lNyD; tokH;cswJh 3
enf;ynm&yfudk tokH;jyKzl; awGUzl;rSmyg/ Oyrm #include 5
7
<math.h> vkdY Declare vkyfcJh&if sqrt ( ) square root
9
method, Log ( ) tp&Sdojzifh ukd,fwkdif zefwD;a&;om;p&m Analysis
rvkdbJ vkdcsifwJh object component method ukd qGJac:NyD; 1/ 'D program udk compile vkyfNyD; Run vkyfr,fqkd&if
tok;H jyKwmygyJ/ JAVA rSmyg0ifwhJ package qkw d m[mvnf; &vmwJt h ajz[m Listing 1.16 u output eJYtwlwyl gyJ/
'Dtwkdif;ygyJ/ C & C++ programming rSm header file vkdif;eHygwf 4 u for looping ywfpOfrSm a.length qkdNyD;
awGukd ukd,fwkdif zefwD;a&;om;vkdY&ovkd JAVA Language arrayName.Length method ukd qGaJ c:,l tok;H csvku d f
rSmvnf; package awGxJu object-component awGudk ygw,f/
qGJac:,lNyD; tokH;csEkdif½kHomru ukd,fwkdifvnf; package 2/ NyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf 5 rSm print statement ukd tokH;jyK
awGudk zefwD;a&; om;vkdY&ygw,f/ ukd,fykdif package awG NyD;awmh output udk ½kdufxkwfvdkufwmyg/ 'gudk avhvm
zefwD;NyD;awmh Java. sun.com ukd vSrf;NyD; ay;ykdY Develop r,fqkd&if Java &JU API method awG[m program-
vkyfvkdY &ygw,f/ trSefwu,fom tokH;0ifwJh features ming vky& f mrSm vG,u
f al pzkYd tultnDay;w,fqw dk mudk
qkd&ifawmh aemufxGufvmr,fh SDK version topfawGrSm em;vnfoGm;rSmyg/ Memory & time waste jzpfjcif;rS
Tools topftaeeJY jznfo h iG ;f NyD;awmh yg0ifvmrSmyg/ 'Dtcef; umuG,frIay;w,fqkd&ifvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/
rSmawmh package awGtaMumif;udk em;vnfatmif tok;H 0ifwhJ 'D arrayName.Length method [m uRefawmfhtaeeJY
API av;awGukd qGJac:,lNyD; tokH;csjyygr,f/ aemuf chap- JAVA Developer Guide ukd ykdYcswJhtcg yxrqkH;taeeJY
ter awGrSmawmh package awGtaMumif;udk tjynfhpkHqkH;jzpf pwifykdYcswJh API method ygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh aemuf Listing
atmif ykdYcsay;rSmyg/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005ckEpS f 171

 uGeyf sLwmtaxG
wmoifcefa;pm
awGrmS API awGukd xnfoh iG ;f NyD;awmh oifMum;ykYd csoGm;rSmjzpf
ygw,f/ aoaocsmcsmowdjyKNyD;awmh avhvmyg/
uJ qufvufNyD;awmh strint udk use vkyfNyD;rS text
element awGudk dimensional taeeJY okH;Munfh&atmif/
Listing 1.18 rSm a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/
Listing 1.18 Using in arrayName.Length
method in JAVA API
1 . class lengthClass{
2 . public static void main (String[]
args){
3 . String[]Hello = new string[3];
4 . Hello[0]="JAVA Developer Guide";
5 . Hello[1]="Kyaw Zayar Lay.";
6 . Hello[2]='IT Engineering.";
7 . for(int i=0; i<Hello.Length;i++){
8 . System.out.println(Hello[i]);}
9. } wkid ;f rSm rwlnMD uygbl;/ bmaMumifv
10. } sional array qkdayr,fh main memory unit rSm okdavSmifwJh
output
JAVA Developer Guide
Kyaw Zayar Lay.
IT Engineering.
Analysis
1/ 'D program av;[m rcufygbl;/ Primary class eJY
main( ) function awGudk zefwD;cJhNyD; string type udk
one-dimensional array taeeJY Hello vkdY Declare
vkyfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm new qkw d hJ keyword topfwpfck
udk tokH;jyKxm;wmudk awGU&rSmyg/ new keyword [m
memory rSm allocates vkyfEkdifzkdYtwGuf ae&mudk zefwD;
ay;wJhoabmygyJ/ a&SUoifcef;pmawGrSm r&Sif;cJhwmu
awmh Listing eJYtwlyJ &Sif;jyr,fvkdY &nf&G,fcJhvkdYygyJ/
new keyword udk tok;H jyKNyD; Array udk Declare vky& f if
memory rSm Array twGuf ae&mawGudk zefwD;ay;w,f
qkdwJh oabmudkyJ tvG,frSwfxm;yg/
2/ NyD;awmh Array &JU index awGtvdkuf string awGudk a&;
om;xm;ygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 7 rSmrS for looping eJYywf
NyD; output ukd wpfaMumif;jcif; ½du
k x f w
k yf gw,f/ Hello.
Length qkw d hJ .Length API method ukd ac:,lNyD; tok;H
jyKxm;wmudk awGU&rSmyg/ 'Dawmh output taeeJY JAVA
Developer Guide Kyaw Zayar Lay.IT Engineering.
qkdwJh string text awG[m wpfaMumif;pDjcm;NyD; ay:vmcJh
wmaygh/ Arrays [m em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;&if
vG,uf Nl yD;awmh tifrwef tok;H 0ifygw,f/ qufvufNyD;
awmh one-dimensional array taMumif;udk em;vnf
oabmaygufoGm;&if Two-dimensional array eJY
172 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f
xG
Multi-dimensional array awGtaMumif;udk qufvuf
avhvmMuwmaygh/
Two-dimensional array
A data structure in which data is lined up in both
vartical and horizontal directions called a two-dimen-
sional array &JU t"dymÜ ,fukd zGiq
hf x
dk m;ygw,f/ tvG,u f q
l ;Hk
ajym&&ifawmh one-dimensional array &JUaemufrSm square
bracket [ ] wpfckyJygygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh aemufxyf square
bracket [ ] wpfck xyfwkd;vkdufjcif;[m Two-dimensional
array jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Two-dimensional array [m data
awGudk Table Form eJY odrf;qnf;Ekdifygw,f/ Table Form
qdkrSawmh odkavSmifwJhtcgrSm Row & Column (wef;eJYwkdif
ykHpH okdavSmifrSmaygh) 'gayr,fh okdavSmifrIykHpH[m Language
h q
J adk wmh Two-dimen-
ykHpHuawmh one-dimensional array &JU Form twkdif;yJ okd
avSmifwmyg/ uJ atmufrSma&;qGJjyxm;wJh Figure 1.4 udk
avhvmMunfhyg/ Two-dimensional array &JU ykHpHygyJ/
Figure 1.4 Two-dimensional array (with three col-
umns and two rows)
Row j
<
A(1.1) A(1.2)
Column i <
A(2.1) A(2.2)
A(3.1) A(3.2)
'DtcgrSm tcsKdU Language awGrSmuawmh A[Cloumn]
[Row]vkdY rSwf,lygw,f/ 'Dawmh &Sif;atmifajym&&ifawmh
A[Vertical] [Horizontal]qkNd yD;rS rSwo
f m;okad vSmifygw,f/
'gayr,fh tcsKdU Language awGrmS awmh A[Row] [Column]
qkdNyD; odrf;rSwfygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdwmudk avhvmMunfh
&if main memory unit rSm sequentially store vkyw f t hJ cgrSm
direction of column type eJY direction of Row type qkNd yD;
ykpH u
H jJG ym;oGm;vkYd ygyJ/ tvG,q
f ;Hk t&Si;f qk;H jzpfatmifajym&&if
awmh C & C++, JAVA pwJh Language awGrSmawmh verti-
cally type store jzpfNyD; FORTRAN, COBOL tp&Sw d hJ lan-
guage awGrmS awmh Horizonlly type store qkNd yD; okad vSmifyg
w,f/ ykdNyD;&Sif;oGm;atmifvkdY Figure 1.5 ukd aoaocsmcsm
avhvmMunfhyg/ Main memory unit rSm store vkyfykHudk
a&;qGJjyxm;wmyg/
 uGeyf sLwmtaxG
wmoifcefa;pm
xG
Figure 1.5 How data of a two-dimensional array is 10. for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
stored in a main memory unit 11. for(int j=0;j<5;j++)
12. System.out.print(a[i][j]+" ");
Two-dimensional aray Main memory unit 13. System.out.println();}
A(1.1) A(1.2) A(1.1) A(1.1) 14. }
15. }
A(2.1) A(2.2) < A(1.2) A(1.2) output
16 3 2 13 9
A(3.1) A(3.2) A(2.1) A(3.1) 5 10 11 8 7
A(2.2) A(1.2) 9 6 7 12 31
4 15 14 1 8
A(3.1) A(2.2) Analysis
A(3.2) A(3.2)
1/ Listing 1.19 u program udk avhvmMunfhr,fqkd&if
awmh primary class eJY main ( ) function ukd a&;zGJUNyD;
<

<
vkdif;eHygwf 3 rSmawmh comment udk a&;om;xm;wmudk
Data is Data is awGU&rSmyg/ xnfha&;&ifvnf; &ygw,f/ //Double
stored in the stored in the
direction of direction of backslash cHNyD; a&;xm;wJhtwGuf JAVA Interpreter
columns rows u todtrSwfrjyKygbl;/
uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh Two-dimensional array &JU memory 2/ vkdif;eHygwf 4 rSmawmh int[ ][ ]a qkdNyD; Two-dimen-
unit rSm store vkyfykHudk em;vnfoGm;avmufygNyD/ Tow- sional array udk Declare vkyfygw,f/ owdjyK&rSmu
dimensional array &JU syntax_form ukd a&;jyygOD;r,f/ awmh JAVA rSm Array udk Declare vkyfpOfrSm int[ ][ ]a
avhvmMunfhygOD;/ qkdNyD; square bracket udk Array_name &JUa&SUrSm xm;&
ayr,fh looping ywfNyD; ac:,l okH;pGJwJhtcgrSmawmh
sample
Array_name u t&ifvmNyD; square bracket [m
Declare int[ ] [ ]a={ primary dimensional
using {array data}, array of open and
aemufukd a&mufae&ygr,f/ Declare vkyfpOfrSm JAVA
{number item}, close brace &JU array [m wpfrsKd;jzpfaew,fvkdY xif&ayr,fh ac:,l
............ okH;pGJtokH;jyKykHuawmh C & C++ eJY twlwlygyJ/
Array name }; Note : Array variable udk Declare vkyfwJhtcgrSm int[]
a; vkdY aMunmvkdY&ovkd C & C++ programming lan-
semicolon
guage rSmvkd int a[ ]; vkdY aMunmvkdYvnf;&ygw,f/
uJ vufawGUtaeeJY &Sif;oGm;atmif Listing 1.19 eJY BudKufwJhykHpHeJY Declare vkyfvkdY&ygw,f/
Two-dimensional array taMumif;udk vufawGUa&;jyyg 3/ Two-dimensional array &JU member data awGudk (=)
r,f/ Table Form ykpH yH gyJ/ odyrf cufvyS gbl;/ avhvmMunfh equal sign &JU nmbufrSm { }open and close brace
yg/ Mum;rSm oD;oefY brace awGcGJNyD; (,)comma cHNyD; a&;yg
Listing 1.19 Demonstrate in Two-dimen- w,f/ vkdif;eHygwf 4 uae vkdif;eHygwf 9 txd[m
sional array stored data
Two-dimensional array udk Declare vkyfxm;wmyg/
1 . class twoArray{
2 . public static void main(String[]
vkdif;eHygwf 9 u tydwf close brace &JUaemufrSm semi-
args){ colon (;) ygwmudk owdjyKyg/ Array &JU Syntax_form
3 . //Declare two-dimensional array udkvnf; a&;jyxm;awmh owdjyKNyD;om;jzpfrSmyg/
in 4 Row and 5 Column
4 . int[][]a={
4/ vkdif;eHygwf 4 rSm Row twGuf for looping udk int i eJY
5. {16,3,2,13,9}, Declare vkyfNyD; ywfygw,f/ For Looping twGuf
6. {5,10,11,8,7}, looping block taeeJY { brace wpfck zGic hf w
hJ ,fqw
dk mudk
7. {9,6,7,12,31},
8. {4,15,14,1,8}
awGU&rSmyg/ olY&JUtwGif;xJrSmrS for looping wpfckudk
9. }; xyfywfygw,f/ Column twGufyg/ Column twGuf

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005ckEpS f 173

 uGeyf sLwmtaxG
wmoifcefa;pm
xG
uawmh int j udk Declare vkyyf gw,f/ txl;owdjyK&rSm Figure 1-6 Developing a three-dimensional array into
uawmh looping ywfwJhtcgrSm looping wpfckeJYwpfck a two-dimensional array
Second plane
ikHxm;vkdY&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh looping awG[m cross

o
jzwfvkdY r&ygbl;/ 'Dtcsufukdawmh Listing 1.18 rSm A(2,1,1) A(2,1,2)
omru b,f program awGrSmrqkd owdjyKNyD;awmh a&; Plane o A(2,1,1) A(2,1,2)
A(2,1,1)A(2,1,2)
om;yg/ ColumnoA(1,1,1) A(1,1,2)
A(1,1,1)A(1,1,2)
A(2,2,1) A(2,2,2)
A(2,2,1)A(2,2,2)
xk;H pHtwkid ;f ygyJ/ Package awGxu J API method A(1,2,1) A(1,2,2)
A(1,2,1)A(1,2,2)
A(2,3,1) A(2,3,2)
A(2,3,1)A(2,3,2)
awGudk ,lrokH;awmh output ½dkufxkwfcsifawmhvnf; for A(1,3,1) A(1,3,2)
A(1,3,1)A(1,3,2)

o
A(1,1,1) A(1,1,2)
A(1,1,1)A(1,1,2)
looping eJYyJ jyef½u kd x
f wk &f rSmyg/ tJ'gaMumifh vkid ;f eHygwf

o
First plane A(1,2,1) A(1,2,2)
A(1,2,1)A(1,2,2)
10 eJY vkdif;eHygwf 11 rSm i eJY j twGuf looping jyefywf Row
A(1,3,1) A(1,3,2)
A(1,3,1)A(1,3,2)
xm;wmaygh/ tay:rSm i [m Row,j [m column qdkNyD;
nDcJhNyD;om;qdkawmh vkdif;eHygwf 12 u output state- One-dimensional array, two-dimensional array eJY
ment aMumifh tajz[m *Pef;wpfvkH;eJY output xkwfNyD; Multi-dimensional array pwJh array awGtaMumif;udk
wkdif; Double quote " " ESpfckMum;u blank tuGmta0; tajccHusus em;vnfoabmaygufomG ;&if Array &JU t"du
twkid ;f tenf;i,fpjD cm;NyD; ay:ygw,f/ NyD;awmh atmuf uswJh method taMumif;ukd &Sif;jyygr,f/ uJ 'gqkd&if Ar-
wpfaMumif;rSm print command udk new line print rays &JU programming area awGrSm vkyfEkdifpGrf;wJh method
form eJY a&;xm;wJhtwGuf aemufwpfaMumif;rSmrS Row awGudk classified vkyfMunfh&atmif/ 'DtcgrSm
udk ½kdufxkwfwmyg/ - Static Array
5/ tvG,fajym&&ifawmh 1st Row twGuf yg0ifwJh column - Dynamic Array pwJh method ESpfckudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/
ta&twGufrjynfhrcsif; block xJu xGufvkdY r&ygbl;/ uRefawmfhtaeeJY Java &JU ykHpHjy keyword awGtaMumif;udk
NyD;oGm;rS 2nd Row twGuf column udk vm½dkufxkwfwm r&Sif;jy&ao;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh keyword awGtaMumif;udk
yg/ 'Dvkdenf;eJYyJ Table form twkdif; Four Row and &Si;f wJt
h cgrSmyJ ,SOw
f NJG yD;,SOjf yygawmhr,f/ rjynfrh pk&H iS ;f vif;
Five column ygwJh Z,m;wpfcu k &dk vmwmyg/ tao;pdwf xm;&if trSew f u,fvt dk yfwt hJ csed rf mS oabmayguf em;vnf
aoaocsmcsmzwfNyD;awmh trace vkyfNyD; avhvmMunfhyg/ rSmr[kwfwJhtwGuf keyword tcef;rSm aoaocsmcsm &Sif;jy
Tow-dimensional array taMumif;udk em;vnf oabm ygr,f/ qufvufNyD;awmh Arrays class xJu API method
aygufoGm;&if Multi-dimensional array taMumif;udk awGudk qGJac:NyD; tokH;jyKMunfh&atmif/ Listing 1.20 rSm
qufvufNyD; avhvmMuygpdkY/ sort( ) method ukd ac:okH;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/
Listing 1.20 Using Sort( ) method in Java
API
Multi-dimensional array 1 . import java.util.arrays;//import
Multi-dimensional arryas such as three-, four-, java. util.*;
2 . class sortArray{
or n-dimensional arrays can be defined vkYd vnf; tvG,f
3 . public static void main(String[]
ajym&atmifyg/ twdtust"dyÜm,fzGifhqkdwmawmhr[kwfbl; args){
aemf/ tvG,fajymr,fqkd&ifawmh Array_name &JUaemufrSm 4 . int[]a={7,18,2,6,9,1,10};
5. System.out.println("\t Before
square bracket[ ] awG xyfwkd;vmwmygyJ/ Oyrm three-
Sorting\n");
dimensional array rSmqk& d if comprising planes, columns 6 . for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
and rows qkdNyD; zGJUwnfaqmufovkdyJaygh/ Three-dimen- 7 . System.out.print(a[i]+" ");}//
print
sional array udk xdef;csKyfwJhtcgrSmawmh two-dimensional
8 . Arrays.sort(a); //sorting
ukd xdef;csKyfykHeJY twlwlygyJ/ uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh three-di- 9. System.out.println("\t After
mensional array uae two-dimensional array form udk Sorting \n");
1 0 . for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
ajymif;vJa&;zGUJ xm;wJh Figure 1.6 udk avhvmMunfyh g/ tvG,f 1 1 . System.out.print(a[i]+" ");}
wul &Sif;vif;oGm;rSmyg/ 12. }

174 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005 ckEpS f

 uGeyf sLwmtaxG
wmoifcefa;pm
13. }
output
Before J Sorting
7 18 2 6 9 1 10
After J Sorting
1 2 6 7 9 10 18
Note : 'D program rSmok;H wJh array.sort( )method [m Quick-
Sort Algorithm method ukd tok;H jyKxm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfh
taeeJY Sort method awGtaMumif;udk Sort Algorithm qkw d hJ
acgif;pOfi,feJY flowchart, Algorithm eJY &Sif;jyNyD; vdktyf
wJhae&mrSm Java program awGeJY xnfhoGif; &Sif;jyrSmyg/
'Dae&mrSmawmh Listing 1.20 rSmokH;wJh sort( ) method [m
QuickSort method ukd okH;xm;w,fvkdYyJ rSwfxm;yg/
Analysis
1/ 'D Listing 1.20 rSm Arrays class xJu sort method
ukd ,lokH;xm;ygw,f/ 'Dvkd ac:,ltokH;jyKEkdifzkdYtwGuf
vkid ;f eHygwf 1 rSm import java.util.Arrays; qkNd yD; a&;om;
xm;wmudk awGU&rSmyg/ Java &JU package udk ac:ok;H wm
yg/ Package &JU t"dymÜ ,fuawmh ta&SUrSm &Si;f jycJo h vkyd J
C & C++ u header file awGeJY ykHpHwlygw,f/ Arrays
class udk ac:okH;csif&if vkdif;eHygwf 1 rSmyJ //Backslash
cHNyD; a&;xm;wJh comment ykHpH a&;xm;wJh import java.
util.*; vkdY ac:okH;&ifvnf; &ygw,f/ oluawmh Ar-
rays class omruyJ java.util.package wpfckvkH;ukd
ac:okH;csif&if (tjcm; class awGtygt0if) a&;om;
tokH;jyKygw,f/
2/ vkid ;f eHygwf 4 rSm int[ ]a={7,18,2,6,9,1,10}; qkNd yD; one-
dimensional array udk Declare vkyy f gw,f/ vkid ;f eHygwf
5 rSmawmh System.out.println("\tBefore Sorting\n");
qkdNyD; print ½dkufxkwfygw,f/ Escape character jzpfwJh
(\t 0.5 jcm;&ef) (\n new Line qif;&ef) ac:ok;H xm;wmudk
vnf; awGU&rSmyg/ t"dyÜm,fuawmh Sorting rvkyfcif
(i,fpOfBuD;vkdufrpOfcif) t&if rlv data twdkif; ½dkuf
xkwfjyr,fayghaemf/ NyD;awmh for looping eJY array ukd
ywfNyD; ½du k xf w
k yf gw,f/ 'DtcgrSm ArrayName.length
( ) API method ukd ac:okH;xm;wmudk awGu&rSmyg/
For looping eJY block brace ukdvnf; awGU&rSmyg/ in-
crement taeeJY (1 wkd;wkdif;) block xJudk jyef0ifrSmyg/
3/ 'Dawmh t&ifvkd aemufwpfaMumif;rSm Equals Sign(=)
udk okH;NyD; a[i]=i; vkdY a&;p&mrvkdawmhygbl;/ uJ NyD;awmh
vkid ;f eHygwf 7 rSm Data awGukd for looping eJY ½du
k x f wk yf g
w,f/ Data wpfck ½dkufxkwfNyD;wkdif; Double quote" "
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f rwfv? 2005ckEpS f
xG
eJY blank (white) space jcm;ygw,f/ trSefwu,fu
awmh \t udk tokH;jyKNyD;awmhjcm;vnf;&ayr,fh 'DtcsdefrSm
complex jzpfoGm;rSmpkd;vkdY " " Double quote eJYyJ space
jcm;vdkufygw,f/ 'Dawmh output taeeJY Before Sort-
ing qkdNyD; vmay:ygw,f/ tJ'D&JUatmufrSmrS 7 18 2 6 9
1 10 qkdNyD; sort rvkyf&ao;bJ vmjyrSmyg/
4/ vkdif;eHygwf 8 rSmawmh java.util.Arrays package xJu
sort( )API method ukd ,lokH;NyD;awmh i,fpOfBuD;vkduf
pDpOfygw,f/ Comment taeeJYvnf; sorting vkdY a&;jy
xm;wmudk awGU&rSmyg/ vkdif;eHygwf 9 uawmh print( )
command ukd tokH;jyKNyD;awmh After Sorting qkdwJh
pmom;udkvmjyzkdYtwGuf a&;xm;wmygyJ/
5/ vkdif;eHygwf 10 uawmh sorting vkyfNyD;om; (i,fpOfBuD;
vdkuf)pDpOfNyD;om; Arrays &JU member data awGukd for
looping ukd tok;H jyKNyD;awmh output xkwy f gw,f/ 'Dtcg
rSmawmh output ukd xkwfay;zkdY brace{ xJudk 0ifNyD; vkdif;
eHygwf 11 rSm a&;xm;wJh print statement udk tvkyo f mG ;
vkyyf gw,f/ 'Dvedk nf;eJY output awGukd ½du k x f w
k of mG ;wm
[m 1 2 6 7 9 10 18 qkdwJh sorting vkyfNyD;om; data
awGukd vmjywmaygh/ Arrays &JU member data item
awGMum;rSm white space jcm;zkdYtwGuf program a&;pOf
xJu Double quote" " eJY xnhaf &;cJv h Ydk qw dk mukd owdjyK
rdrSmyg/
6/ vkdif;eHygwf 11 u print statement &JUtqkH;rSm for
looping &JU block brace ukd vmydwfxm;wmudkvnf;
awGU&rSmyg/ vkdif;eHygwf 12 eJY vkdif;eHygwf 13 uawmh
main( ) function &JU close brace eJY primary class &JU
close brace} awGqkdwmudk owdjyKrdrSmyg/
Note : 'D program rSm topftqef;taeeJYuawmh Java
package awGukd ac:ok;H wmawGuy kd gyJ/ rSwrf o d mG ;atmif ao
aocsmcsmavhvmyg/ a&SUavQmuf qufvuftokH;jyK&r,fh
tools awGjzpfvkdYygyJ/
qufvufNyD;awmh Java Language eJY program awGudk
a&;om;wnfaqmufwJhtcgrSm API method awGudkvnf;
ac:,ltokH;cs&if;eJY wpfzufuvnf; ukd,fykdif function awG
udk a&;om;NyD; tvkyfvkyfMunfhMu&atmif/ Listing 1.21
u program [mqkd&if Java package awGxJu API
method awGudk ac:,ltokH;jyK½kHomruyJ ukd,fykdif func-
tion awGudk create vkyfxm;NyD; tokH;csxm;ygw,f/
(a&SYv qufvufazmfjyygrnf)
ausmaf Z,smav; (uom)
175