LTE MLB Feature Description (V100R017C10 - 03) (PDF) - en

Beamforming + SRS optimization
LTE OPT Training

Last Updated: April 19th, 2012
Version 1.0
Soc Classification level

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Outline
• Overview
• Sector beam for common channels
• RL15 vs RL25 beamforming for PDSCH
• Sounding Reference Signal
• Performance results
• Parameters
This is mostly adapted from NetEng presentations,

see:
https://sharenet-ims.inside.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/Open/408525471

3GPP R9 TM mode / NSN implementation
“Transmission mode”
“dlMimoMode” as NSN
as 3GPP TS36.213
0 1 2 3 4 5(TDD only) 6TDD only)
Single
Stream Dual Dynamic Dynamic
Single Downlink Stream Open Closed
Stream Transmit Downlink Loop Loop Single stream dual stream
Downlink Diversity MIMO MIMO MIMO beamforming beamforming
TM1: Single-antenna port; port 0
TM2: Transmit Diversity
TM3: Open Loop spatial Multiplexing

TM4: Closed Loop Spatial
Multiplexing
TM5: Multi-user MIMO
TM6: Closed Loop Rank=1 precoding
TM7: Single-antenna port; port 5
TM8: dual Dual layer transmission;

port 7 and 8 (see 3GPP 36.213
subclause 7.1.5A) or single-antenna
port; port 7 or 8 (see 3GPP 36.213
subclause 7.1.1)

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks /
BF General
RF module
…
Optical RP3-01
DC power System module
Antenna RF (one BF group)
Antenna RF (one BF group)
BF Calibration
BF General
•UE beam
Traffic channels over UE beam

Downlink coverage enhancement
Downlink interference reduction
User tracking
•Sector beam
Broadcast / control channels over sector beam

BF General
---- BF gain
4W 0.04W
1W
1W 0.04W or 0.16W?
1W
Should be 0.16w
1W when BF works
Example x-pol 2x4 element BF antenna

BF General
---- BF gain, RL15 BF with TM3/TM7 switching
Lab test result for TM2/TM7 under LOS 3km/h
IMT-A UMaLOS CFI=3 CCE=8
40000
35000
30000
average DL TRPT in 30S
TM2_3
25000
20000
15000 Tm7_3
10000
5000
0
30 26 22 18 14 10 6 2
SNR based on input m easurem ent

Adaptive Switch Between TM3 and TM7, early DT

9 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
BF General
---- BF pattern examples
90
4 6dB array gain
120 60
3 5
BF,phi=-30
Beam width: 25’ BF,phi=0
2 0 BF,phi=30
150 30
Unit Beam
1 -5 Beam width: 90’
Gain [dB]
-10
180 0
-15
BF,phi=-30
BF,phi=0
-20
BF,phi=30
210 330
Unit Beam -25
240 300 -30

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
270 Degree

Implementation for TD-LTE
---- Beamforming procedures
Step1: DL common RS for cell access
Cell coverage w/ CRS
Step2: UL sounding RS + CQI

feedback
Step3: Beam generation at eNB
UE-specific spatial beam

w/ DRS
Step4: DL data transmission w/ DRS

Beamforming Limitations
• Limitations of Applying Beamforming (DL)

– How reliable is channel reciprocity in TDD ? (*)
– Sounding period/bandwidth has large impact of BF performance (*)
– DL BF antenna need extra Calibration
 Calibration is a complex, expensive and nonstandard function which needs hardware
support in the RF parts of the base station
– Beamforming cannot be applied in control channel, no gain about control
channel coverage
- Latency and inaccuracy of UL measurements, limits to users with low to
medium velocity (50km/h)
- DL Beamforming produces interference flashlight effect which makes inter-cell
interference very unstable
* For EBB type of “slow” Beamforming

Legacy Terminal Co-Existence
• LTE FDD Release 8 UEs do not support beamforming. If beamforming is

introduced to FDD network later, Release 8 UEs can co-exist on the
same carrier but Release 8 will not get beamforming gain.
• Release 8 UEs support max 4x4 MIMO. If 8x8 MIMO is introduced with
Release 10, then Release 8 UEs can co-exist on the same carrier but
Release 8 can utilize maximum 4x4 MIMO.

Outline
• Overview
• Parameters

Implementation for TDLTE
---- sector beam via weight factor
• Sector beam: virtualization via weight factor. • Reference: 2 un-correlated antennas
• 8 PA (Power Amplifier), each with 5W. Total: • 2 PA, each with 20W. Total: 40W
40W • Two beams, each beam is formed from
• Two beams, each beam is formed from co- independent antenna.
polarized 4 antennas. SFBC may be applied for • Single antenna pattern: 70 degree.
two groups of antenna.
• Sector 3dB beam width: 70’
• Single antenna pattern: 90 degree.
• Static weight factor [3]: W= [0.35, 1, 1, -0.6]
• Sector 3dB beam width: 65’
Reference:
PA PA
5W 5W 5W 5W 5W 5W 5W 5W 20W 20W
Total: 40W Total: 40W
W1 X X W1
W2 X X W2 PDSCH
W3 X X W3
W4 X X W4
Soc Classification level PDSCH SFBC PDSCH

---- sector beam via weighted factor
5
sectorBeam
Ref:70-degree
0
-5
Beam width:
65'
Gain [dB]
-10
-15 Loss on the

antenna gain
-20
-25
-30
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
Degree

Sector beam configuration in BTS
• In their datasheets, antenna manufacturers provide antenna pattern with certain fixed BF
weights
• Example of Comba pattern: Comba “Broadcast pattern” corresponds to NSN “sector beam”
Service Minus(d
Angles Broadcast Gain(dBi)
Gain(dBi) B)
0° 14.7 22 7.3
30° 13.8 20 6.2
60° 5.7 14.7 9
## Excerpt from RL15 BTS swconfig file

## Fix the Antenna weight vector according to the feedback from COMBA
0x00120132 = 0x35050000
0x00120133 = 0xAE6E0000
0x00120134 = 0xB26D1935 To use the antenna manufacturer
0x00120135 = 0xEFB00000 broadcast pattern as sector beam,
0x00120136 = 0x35050000
0x00120137 = 0xAE6E0000
static antenna weights must be
0x00120138 = 0xB26D1935 provided in the BTS swconfig file
0x00120139 = 0xEFB00000
(read at BTS boot)
Outline
• Overview
• Parameters

RL15 vs RL25 BF
• LTE493 versus LTE541
– new in RL15: LTE493 single stream BF (SS-BF) TM7 (3GPP release 8)
– new in RL25: LTE541 dual stream BF (DS-BF) TM8 (3GPP release 9)
• same BTS antenna configuration (4 x-polarized antennas)
• LTE493 (SS-BF)
– all 8 antennas regarded as single logical antenna => single stream-BF
– channel vector averaged over time => long term BF (LTBF)
• LTE541 (DS-BF)
– 2 logical antennas (port 7 and 8) => dual stream-BF
– => user throughput doubled under ideal conditions
– both port 7 and 8 comprise all 8 antennas (distinction via CDM)
– also single stream supported (all 8 antennas used)
– instantaneous channel vector => short term BF (STBF)
• LTE493 and LTE541

– UE specific channel sounding via SRS used for UL channel estimation
– => consecutive generation of DL weights for PDSCH and dedicated reference signal (DRS)
• 19 RL25: per
© Nokia cell
Siemens either LTE493 or LTE541 activated => also LTE493 supported
Networks
---- port0/1/5 (port 5 is for TM7 single-stream BF)
Single Antenna TxDiv + Sector
UE beam PBCH
Port + Sector Beam Beam Beamforming
PDCCH
Control PHICH
Channels PCFICH
Data Channels PDSCH * Note 1 * Note 2
Via Antenna Port 0
PSS *
Via Antenna Port 0
Sych Signals SSS *
SRS Cell Specific Via Antenna Port
Step 1
RS 0,1 *
Ref. Signal UE Specific RS
DL channel coefficient
acquisition based on
UL SRS
R5 R5
Step 2,3 R5 R5
Weight factor R5 R5
calculations base on dl
channel coefficient
R5 R5
Weighted
PDSCH & DRS
R5 R5
R5 R5

LTE541 short term weights (STBF) long term weights weighting
(MIMO: pre-coding matrix PM) (LTBF) vector
structure Long term weight
u4 u3 u2 u1
Short term weight
CW1 w11 w1 1 5
dual stream case (2
w12 w5
code words) /2
2 6
w2
w21 w6
w22 w3 3 7
CW2 w7
w4 4 8
w8
Long term weight
u4 u3 u2 u1
Short term weight
CW1 w1 w1 1 5
single stream case
w2 w5 /2
(1 code word)
2 6
w2
w6
w3 3 7
short term BF + In RL15 w7
long term BF = w1 =w2=1
hybrid BF (fixed) w4 4 8
w8
weighting vector (w,
LTE541, DS-BF Kronecker product
of long and short
feature description (2) u4 u3 u2 u1
term
Long term weights)
weight
Short term weight
short term weights 5
CW1 w11 w1 1
• default: STBF based on
instantaneous channel w12 w5
vector H (estimated from /2
SRS, “Hybrid BF”) w2
2 6
• fallback 1: UE’s PMI w21 w6
feedback (“PMI + LTBF”)
• fallback 2: random matrix w22 w3 3 7
(“Unitary BF”) w7
CW2
• H and reported PMI
4
regarded as invalid if w4 8
older than a certain #TTIs w8
u: long term weights, computed via LTBF

• SRS based estimation of channel response H
• H averaged over PRBs and time
• LTE493: LTBF over 8 antennas
• LTE541:
– LTBF over 4 antennas per polarization
– => 1 H vector per polarization
– => both H vectors averaged
– same u vector applied to both polarizations
LTE541, DS-BF, FTM-858
dynamic rank switching inside TM8
• rank switching between SS-TM8 and DS-TM8 (no mode switching!)
• definitions
– “currentMode”: eNB internal status for current BF mode (SS-BF and DS-BF)
– mimoCQI: filtered CQI value at time t
– mimoRANK:filtered rank value at time t
• upgrade rule: switching from SS-BF to DS-BF if

– mimoCQI > bfCqiThUp AND mimoRANK > bfRankThUp
• downgrade rule: switching from DS-BF to SS-BF if

– mimoCQI ≤ bfCqiThDown OR mimoRANK ≤ bfRankThDown
• BF mode not changed if none of the above rule applies
• setting of CQI and rank thresholds may deviate from the respective MIMO
parameters
LTE541, DS-BF
fall back and dynamic rank switching
DS-BF
(TM8 only)
TxDiv fall back (CQI, rank) dynamic rank switching (CQI, rank)
(TM8 only, both directions) (TM8 only, both directions)
Tx Div TxDiv fall back (CQI, rank) SS-BF

(TM7 or TM8) (both directions) (TM7 or TM8)
formally not TM2 (“TM2 with 8 antennas” (sector beam))

Outline
• Overview
• Parameters

Sounding in TD-LTE - Feature Presentation
SRS Hopping pattern examples I (UpPTS, 4 PRBs)
Cell bandwidth Cell spec. SRS bandwidth SRS hopping bandwidth UE SRS bandwidth UE SRS periodicity
20 MHz => 100 PRBs CSRS = 0 => 96 | 48 | 24 | 4 bhop = 0 => hop via 96 PRBs BSRS = 3 => 4 PRBs TSRS = 10 => 10 ms
No sounding by
UE in every 2nd
half frame as
TSRS=10ms
Sounding cycle
finished &
resumed after
240 ms
Unsounded
band segment
(valid for this
UE at a given
hopping start
point!)

SRS Hopping pattern examples IV (UpPTS, 24 PRBs)
Cell 20 MHz Cell 20 MHz
bandwidth => 100 PRBs bandwidth => 100 PRBs
unsounded
Cell spec. CSRS = 0 Cell spec. CSRS = 0
SRS => 96 | 48 | 24 | 4 SRS => 96 | 48 | 24 | 4
bandwidth bandwidth
SRS bhop = 0 SRS bhop = 0
hopping => hop via 96 hopping => hop via 96
bandwidth PRBs bandwidth PRBs
UE SRS BSRS = 2 UE SRS BSRS = 2
UE SRS TSRS = 10 UE SRS TSRS = 5
periodicity => 10 ms periodicity => 5 ms
Sounding cycle Sounding cycle

finished & finished &
resumed after resumed after
40 ms 20 ms
27 © Nokia Siemens Networks unsounded unsounded
SRS Hopping pattern examples V (UpPTS, 48 PRBs)
Cell 20 MHz
bandwidth => 100 PRBs unsounded
Cell spec. CSRS = 0
SRS => 96 | 48 | 24 | 4
bandwidth
UE1 UE2
SRS bhop = 0
hopping => hop via 96
bandwidth PRBs
UE SRS BSRS = 1
bandwidth => 48 PRBs
UE SRS TSRS = 5
periodicity => 5 ms
unsounded
Two UEs with different frequency
domain starting positions
Sounding cycle finished

& resumed after 10 ms

28 © Nokia Siemens Networks unsounded
SRS Hopping pattern examples VI (UpPTS, 96 PRBs)
Cell 20 MHz Cell 20 MHz
Cell spec. CSRS = 0 Cell spec. CSRS = 0
SRS => 96 | 48 | 24 | 4 SRS => 96 | 48 | 24 | 4
bandwidth bandwidth
SRS bhop = 0 SRS bhop = 0
hopping => hop via 96 hopping => hop via 96
bandwidth PRBs bandwidth PRBs
UE SRS BSRS = 0 UE SRS BSRS = 0
UE SRS TSRS = 10 UE SRS TSRS = 5
periodicity => 10 ms periodicity => 5 ms

29 © Nokia Siemens Networks unsounded
Outline
• Overview
• Parameters

LTE493, SS-BF, summary of simulations
• BF impact on specific UEs
• Rx power (S): always higher (ideally up to 6 dB)
• interference (I): depends on position of victim and interfering UE
• SINR (= S-I-N): at least as good as without BF
• overall BF impact
• Rx power (S): ideally up to 6 dB higher
• interference (I): same as without BF
- same total Tx power => same interference power on air
- strong fluctuations (flash-light effect)
• SINR (= S-I-N): ideally up to 6 dB higher
 improved SINR should apply to both good and bad (cell edge) users, but
 good users already use high MCS (e. g. may switch from MCS27 to MCS28)
 cell edge users may use much higher MCSs
 => expectation: BF improves cell edge TP more than cell average TP

LTE541, DS-BF
LL results
• LTE541 comprises both single and dual stream beamforming
• comparison
– feature SS with LTE493 SS with LTE541
– RL RL15 RL25
– BF-method LTBF Hybrid
– FD: frequency domain averaging frequency selectivity
– TD: time domain averaging inst. channel info
– LL reference about 2~3 dB better
• LTBF
– better LL performance in channel models with low AS (dominant eigenvector!)
– AS at BTS: SMaNLoS: 5° UMaNLoS1: 8° UMaNLoS2: 15°
– => best LL performance for SMaNLoS (Suburban Macro NLoS)

LTE541, DS-BF system level
reference
# antennas beamforming cell average cell edge
# MIMO scheme
feature factor versus factor versus RL TM
physical logical streams long term weights BF algorithm (over 2 logical antennas)
2x2 MIMO 2x2 MIMO
2x2 2 dynamic
2 - - dynamic CL MIMO 1.00 1.00 RL15 TM4
MIMO (1 + 1) (1 or 2)
LTBF over
8 antennas of
8 -
LTE493 1 1 both polarizations LTBF 1.03 1.43 RL15 TM7
(4 + 4) (single logical antenna)
(8x8 covariance
matrix)
"continous PM"
Hybrid BF calculated via STBF
1.26 1.43
(default) (based on instantaneous
channel estimation)
LTBF over
PMI + LTBF PM based on PMI
4 antennas of
8 dynamic (fallback for reports and code book
LTE541 2 a polarization - - RL25 TM8
(4 + 4) (1 or 2) invalid H vectors but (3GPP 6.3.4.2.3 of
(4x4 covariance
valid PMI feedback) 36.211)
matrix)
Unitary LTBF
(fallback for
PM is a random unitary
invalid H vectors and - -
matrix
invalid PMI
feedback)
moderate capacity gains

• BF + single stream = 3%  large coverage gains
• BF + dual stream = 26% 
Sounding in TD-LTE – Recommended Configuration
Impact of UE SRS BW on Beamforming performance
• LL simulations for 10MHz, 48 PRBs SRS bandwidth & angular spread = 8°(i.e. environmental reflections cause
smaller signal path azimuth spread) show imroved performance of hybrid beamforming for slow moving UEs.
• Notable BF perf. gains • Small or no

with wide UE SRS BW difference between
for slow moving UEs with different UE SRS
small AS=8° BWs for faster
• No huge difference moving UEs and
between 12, 24 and 48 small AS=8°
PRBs UE SRS BW • Hardly any difference
between hybrid &
long term BF at all
How to read the

graph?
The graph shows
the simulated
Legend: SINR require-
C48 -> CSRS = 48 PRBs ment for different
B04 -> BSRS = 4 PRBs BLER values for
EBB = Eigenvector Beamforming MCS20.
Therefore: the
lower the SINR
requirement for
a given BLER
(i.e. the further
left the curve),
the better the
performance.

• Same simulations for angular spread = 18°(i.e. environmental reflections cause higher signal path azimuth
spread) show smaller but still notable imrovement of hybrid beamforming performance for slow moving UEs.
• Notable gains with • Wider UE SRS BWs

wide UE SRS BW for faster moving UEs
for slow moving and or wider AS=18°
UEs with wide slightly better than
AS=18° smaller UE SRS BWs.
• 24 and 48 PRBs • Hybrid BF slightly
UE SRS BW better than LTBF
clearly better than
12 PRBs
Soc Classification level Simul. Assumptions ►

Simulation Assumptions
• For the presented simulation results, the BF simulation assumptions were made as indicated in the table below.
• Note that only 1 UE was simulated, so the SRS performance degradation due to code multiplexing
in case of load increase was not considered!
• Moreover, the impact of the
System LTE TDD SRS bandwidth on SRS
performance was not
TDD frame configurations 2DL:1S:2UL, 3:9:2 ◄ BACK
simulated but ignored, as
System Bandwidth 10 MHz one and the same noise level
Carrier Frequency (GHz) 2.6 SNR=0dB was assumed for
Transport Block Size 12 PRBs
all SRS bandwidth cases.
MCS MCS20 (16QAM, CR=0.75)
Spatial channel model Spatial Channel Model Extension (SCME)

Urban Macro Non-Line -Of-Sight 1 (UMaNLoS1)
Urban Micro Non-Line-Of -Sight (UMicroNLoS)
Velocity [km/h] 3 and 30 (70 Hz Doppler spread) Same noise level assumed for all
SRS bandwidths!
SRS configuration SRS bandwidth: 48 PRBs
-> In reality wider band means higher
SRS periosd (TSRS): 5ms, delay: 4 ms;
thermal noise, i.e. broader SRS BW
SRS Channel estimation real means reduced SRS performance.
SRS SNR 0 dB
DL Channel estimation ideal with perfect knowledge of the beamformer
Number of BS Antennas 8Tx/8Rx Uniform Linear Array (ULA)
Number of UE Antennas 1TX, 2RX
Antenna Pattern Omni
Simulation length >5000 subframes

• System Level simulations for Beamforming comparing different UE SRS periodicities and UE SRS bandwidths
suggest differences of spectral efficiency among different beamforming scenarios as depcited below.
• However, due to currently unclear simulation assumptions these results can just be provide as a rough idea
how the aforemenmtioned factors/parameters impact the spectral efficiency for beamforming scenarios.
Reduced spectral efficiency in case of Increased spectral efficiency in case of

increased doubled UE SRS periodicity increased 4-fold UE SRS bandwidth
(2% reduction for average SE) (3% increase for average SE).

Summary of CMCC BF gain field measurement
BF Gain(dB)
Velocity Position • The result shows:
0° 30° 60°
• Both in stationary and driving test,
Low 3.13 2.04 3.11
smart antenna has different BF
Gain in different positions.
Stationary Mid 5.32 7.99 7.38 • As the table shows, there is no
big difference between the
Far 4.78 8.97 11.22 stationary test and driving test in
the same position.
Low 2.88 2.20 7.88 • Max BF Gain ≈ 12dB
• Min BF Gain ≈ 3dB
Low Mid 2.93 4.25 8.13
• Max BF Gain can be achieved in
the location 60°-Far. And it will
Far 7.18 6.49 12.96
become lower as the decreased
angle or distance.
Low 3.64 2.38 3.45
• Results coincided with the theory.
Medium Mid 5.85 3.43 9.89 • BF gain evaluated as difference in
C-RS and D-RS rx power levels
Far 3.98 6.62 12.47

38 © Nokia Siemens Networks Dept. / Author / Date
_Change_Document_Information“ macro.
TM7 performance with diff. SRS period analysis

L1 TP
10ms-
BW Period Speed Position 10ms 40ms %
40ms • For 96PRB，results show
Near 27.16 23.88 3.28 13.70% 10ms performance is better
than 40ms except low-mid.
Low Mid 26.4 27.27 -0.87 -3.20%
• For 32PRB, 10ms
Far 20.15 13.96 6.19 44.30% performance is better than
96RB - 40ms obviously, especially
Near 22.01 21.67 0.34 1.60% in the medium speed.
Medium Mid 21.87 21.01 0.86 4.10% • The average performance
improvement for 10ms vs.
Far 18.48 14.81 3.67 24.80% 40ms is 17.5%.
Near 23.25 22.38 0.87 3.90% • Summary: short period SRS
performance is better than
Low Mid 25.33 24.93 0.4 1.60% long period. Test results
Far 20.74 20.66 0.08 0.40% answer to expectations.
32RB -
Near 22.9 20.3 2.6 12.80%
Medium Mid 24.99 19.28 5.71 29.60%
Far 19.19 10.91 8.28 75.90%
For internal use

Unique document identifier (ID) / Version number / Life cycle status
39 © Nokia Siemens Networks 2011 Dept. / Author / Date
TM7 performance with diff. SRS BW analysis

L1 TP/Mbps • About 60% of the test
96RB- results show 96RB conf.
BW Period Speed Position 96RB 32RB %
32RB performance is better than
Near 27.16 23.25 3.91 16.80% 32RB. 25% is no big diff. .
Low Mid 26.4 25.33 1.07 4.20% And another 15% show
96RB performance is
Far 20.15 20.74 -0.59 -2.80% worse.
- 10ms Near 22.01 22.9 -0.89 -3.90% • Over all, 96RB conf.
Mediu performance is better.
Mid 21.87 24.99 -3.12 -12.50%
m
• Summary: generally,
Far 18.48 19.19 -0.71 -3.70% bigger SRS bandwidth
Near 23.88 22.38 1.5 6.70% should get a better
performance. But it is not
Low Mid 27.27 24.93 2.34 9.40%
absolute. Test results
Far 13.96 20.66 -6.7 -32.40% answer to the perspective.
- 40ms
Near 21.67 20.3 1.37 6.70%
Mediu
Mid 21.01 19.28 1.73 9.00%
m
Far 14.81 10.91 3.9 35.70%
For internal use

TM7 performance with diff. speed

L1 TP/Mbps
Low -
BW Period Speed Position Low Medium %
Medium
• Low speed TM7
Near 27.16 22.01 5.15 23.40%
performance is better
96RB 10ms - Mid 26.4 21.87 4.53 20.70% than medium speed
Far 20.15 18.48 1.67 9.00% exclude 96RB-40ms
Near 23.88 21.67 2.21 10.20% conf..
96RB 40ms - Mid 27.27 21.01 6.26 29.80% • Compared with
Far 13.96 14.81 -0.85 -5.70%
medium speed TP, low
speed TP has 18.9%
Near 23.25 22.9 0.35 1.50% improvement in
32RB 10ms - Mid 25.33 24.99 0.34 1.40% average.
Far 20.74 19.19 1.55 8.10% • Summary: with the
Near 22.38 20.3 2.08 10.20% same SRS period and
32RB 40ms - Mid 24.93 19.28 5.65 29.30% BW, TM7 performance
Far 20.66 10.91 9.75 89.40% with low speed is
better than medium
speed. Results answer
to the expectations.
For internal use

Outline
• Overview
• Parameters

LTE541, DS-BF
parameters
Defaul
Short Range / Step- t Paramete
Description Remark
Name size r scope
Value
dlBeam BF algorithm Hybrid (0), Long Hybrid cell
Formin term (1), Short (0)
gAlgorit term (2)
hm (O)
dlSecto DLSector BF 8 pipe CMCC 8 pipe cell sector beam weights for
rBeamf Weight Mode for mode (0), 8 pipe CMCC • CMCC mode: see LTE493
orming sector beam NSN mode (1), 2 mode presentation
Weight solution 1 pipe mode (2), 4 (0) • NSN mode for test purposes
Mode pipe mode (3)
(O) • 2 antennas: (1 0 0 0) identical to
single antenna element
• 4 antennas: (1 1 0 0)
timeChI maximum time invalid (0), 10ms 200ms cell • invalid (0) => measurement
nfoValid during which the (1), 20ms (2), (5) channel information is always
(O) measurement 50ms (3), 100ms invalid
channel (4), 200ms (5), •infinite (10) => measurement
information is 500ms (6), channel information is always
regarded as valid 1000ms (7), valid
1500ms (8),
2000ms (9),
infinite (10)
V = vendor specific O = operator specific
LTE541, DS-BF
parameters for fall back to TxDiv
Short Range / Default Paramete
Description Remark
Name Step-size Value r scope
actBfFa activation of fall false, true true cell If 'true', then mimoBfslCqiThU
llback back from TM8 to and mimoBfslCqiThD must be
(O) TxDiv configured
mimoBf CQI value 0...16, step 12 cell parameter is not only related to
slCqiTh threshold for 0.1 UCA
D (O) switching from
TxDiv to SS-BF
mimoBf CQI value 0...16, step 14 cell parameter is not only related to
slCqiTh threshold for 0.1 UCA
U (O) switching from SS-
BF to TxDiv
cqiCom CQI compensation 0...10, step 3 BTS parameter is applicable if CL
pTdRi2 for DL AMC if TX 0.1 MIMO SM was configured
Cl (V) div is used and RI (dlMimoMode set to 4)
with value 2 is
received

LTE541, DS-BF
parameters
Defa
ult Para
Short Descript Range /
meter Remark
Name ion Step-size Valu scope
e
dlMimoM DL SingleTX TXDi Cell • 0: used by all physical DL channels
ode (O) MIMO (0), TXDiv v (1) • 1: used by all physical DL channels
mode for (1), Static • 2:
each Open Loop – DS SM MIMO for SRB1 (DCCH) and RBs(DTCH) on
physical MIMO (2), PDSCH
channel Dynamic –SS DL Transmit Diversity for SRB0 (CCCH), BCCH
Open Loop and PCCH on PDSCH and all other physical channels
MIMO (3), • 3:
Closed Loop – depending on radio conditions either SS DL TxDiv or
Mimo (4), DS SM MIMO for SRB1 (DCCH) and RBs(DTCH) on
Single PDSCH
Stream – SS DL TxDiv for SRB0 (CCCH), BCCH and PCCH on
Beamformin PDSCH and all other physical channels
g (5), Dual • 4:
Stream –Dynamic CL MIMO: SRB1 (DCCH) and RBs(DTCH)
Beamformi on PDSCH are transmitted using either SS DL TxDiv or
ng. (6) SS or DS MIMO with CL SM depending on radio
conditions and UE category; SRB0 (CCCH), BCCH and
PCCH on PDSCH and all other physical channels are
transmitted using SS DL TxDiv

LTE541, DS-BF
parameters for dynamic rank switching
Defau
Short Range / lt Paramete
Description Remark
Name Step-size r scope
Value
bfCqiThUp TM8 CQI threshold 0...16, step 11 cell
(O) for switching from 0.1
SS-BF to DS-BF
bfCqiThDo TM8 CQI threshold 0...16, step 9 cell
wn (O) for switching from 0.1
DS-BF to SS-BF
bfRankThU TM8 rank threshold 1...2, step 1.6 cell
p (O) for switching from 0.05
SS-BF to DS-BF
bfRankThD TM8 rank threshold 1...2, step 1.4 cell
own (O) for switching from 0.05
DS-BF to SS-BF

LTE541, DS-BF
parameters for dynamic rank switching (filtering)
Defau
Short Range / lt Paramete
Description Remark
Name Step-size r scope
Value
mimoBfCqi Averaging filter 0.05...1, 0.5 cell filtering of “mimoCQI”
Avg (O) constant for CQI step 0.05
measurements in
DS-BF
mimoBfdlRi Averaging filter 0.05...1, 0.5 cell filtering of “mimoRANK”
Avg (O) constant for RI step 0.05
measurements in
DS-BF

R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
LTE541, DS-BF
configuration 1, 2, 6, or 7
Special subframe with
DRS R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
• used for channel estimation

• mapping to physical REs R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
according to 6.10.3.2 of [3GPP- l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
36.211]
• REs depend on special subframe R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
configuration 3, 4, or 8
Special subframe with
configuration
• DwPTS in special subframe R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
configuration 0 and 5 not used
• same positions for port 7 and 8 Antenna port 7
Antenna port 8
R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
Downlink subframe
R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
R7 R7 R7 R7 R8 R8 R8 R8
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
Soc Classification level even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 7 Antenna port 8
---- 8pipe Calibration
1. Mandatory for BF working
2. BBU generate and send calibration signal
3. BBU process the received calibration signal and compensate
phase or gain error
4. RRU provide 4 modes, RX; TX; Cal-RX; Cal-TX 1symbol
15 KHz
Training Sequence for Calibration

---- 8pipe Calibration
Column
#1 #2 #3 #4 RF1 Ant 0, 1 Ant 0,1,2,3
RF2 Ant 2,3

BBU Converter RRU
RF3 Ant 4,5
RF4 Ant 6,7 Ant 4,5,6,7
Cal
Cal RRU
CPRI, 2x6Gbit/s
OBSAI- CPRI converter
OBSAI, 4x3Gbit/s
Flexi
System
Module


LTE MLB Feature Description (V100R017C10 - 03) (PDF) - en

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

LTE MLB Feature Description (V100R017C10 - 03) (PDF) - en

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Beamforming + SRS optimization

LTE OPT Training

Soc Classification level

This is mostly adapted from NetEng presentations,

Soc Classification level

TM1: Single-antenna port; port 0

TM2: Transmit Diversity

TM3: Open Loop spatial Multiplexing

TM5: Multi-user MIMO

TM6: Closed Loop Rank=1 precoding

TM7: Single-antenna port; port 5

TM8: dual Dual layer transmission;

Soc Classification level

Traffic channels over UE beam

Broadcast / control channels over sector beam

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

1 -5 Beam width: 90’

240 300 -30

Soc Classification level

Cell coverage w/ CRS

Step2: UL sounding RS + CQI

Step3: Beam generation at eNB

UE-specific spatial beam

Soc Classification level

• Limitations of Applying Beamforming (DL)

* For EBB type of “slow” Beamforming

• LTE FDD Release 8 UEs do not support beamforming. If beamforming is

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level PDSCH SFBC PDSCH

-15 Loss on the

Soc Classification level

30° 13.8 20 6.2

60° 5.7 14.7 9

## Excerpt from RL15 BTS swconfig file

Soc Classification level

• same BTS antenna configuration (4 x-polarized antennas)

• LTE493 and LTE541

Soc Classification level

u: long term weights, computed via LTBF

• upgrade rule: switching from SS-BF to DS-BF if

• downgrade rule: switching from DS-BF to SS-BF if

• BF mode not changed if none of the above rule applies

Tx Div TxDiv fall back (CQI, rank) SS-BF

formally not TM2 (“TM2 with 8 antennas” (sector beam))

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Sounding cycle Sounding cycle

Sounding cycle finished

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

Soc Classification level

moderate capacity gains

• Notable BF perf. gains • Small or no

How to read the

Soc Classification level

• Notable gains with • Wider UE SRS BWs