G9

T3 TITLE: “Organic chemistry 1”

 GOALS OF THE CLASS • KEY WORDS

 To know what is organic chemistry, • BOND, SATURATED, UNSATURATED,

hydrocarbons and alkanes. STRUCTURAL FORMULA,
CONDENSED FORMULA, FORMULA.
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T3  Organic chemistry

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Organic chemistry is the study
of carbon-containing
compounds and their
properties.

Carbon atom
Z=6
6 electrons
4 valence electrons in its
outter shell. Carbon
may link 4 other atoms.
T3  Organic chemistry G9

CARBON BONDING Ex. Diamond:

Types of bonds formed by the carbon atom. carbon covalent bonds in
all directions. C

C
C
C

Carbon atom
4 valence electrons.
Carbon may link 4 other atoms.
T3  Organic chemistry G9

CARBON BONDING
Types of bonds formed by the carbon atom.

Single bond Double bond Triple bond

Ex. Methane Ex. Carbon dioxide Ex. Carbon monoxide

CH4 CO2 CO
T3  Organic chemistry G9

CARBON BONDING
Types of bonds formed by the carbon atom.

Multiple bonds
triple
single

double single

Ex. Ethylene Ex. Acetylene

C2H4 C2H2
T3  Organic chemistry G9

CARBON BONDING
Types of bonds formed by the carbon atom.

Carbon has the ability to form chains of atoms

Ex. Propane Ex. Butane

C3H8 C4H10
T3  Organic chemistry G9

HYDROCARBONS
Hydrocarbons are compounds composed by carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Saturated hydrocarbons: Carbon-carbon single bonds.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Carbon-carbon multiple bonds.

One of these two bonds

could be “used” to link
a fourth atom, so it´s
not saturated yet.

Saturated Ex. Ethane C2H6 Unsaturated Ex. Ethylene C2H4

T3  Organic chemistry G9

HYDROCARBONS - ALKANES
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
The simplest one is methane: C1

Ex. Methane
CH4
T3  Organic chemistry G9

HYDROCARBONS - ALKANES
Increasing number of carbons in alkanes: C2, C3, C4
Structural formula

Ethane Propane Formula Butane

C2H6 C3H8 C4H10
T3  Organic chemistry G9

HYDROCARBONS - ALKANES
For longer chains… called normal or straight-chain hydrocarbons.

Condensed formula

CH3 – (CH2 )m – CH3

T3  Organic chemistry G9

HYDROCARBONS - ALKANES
Exercise: Give the structural formula, condensed formula and the formula
for the alkanes with six and eight carbon atoms.
T3  Organic chemistry G9
HYDROCARBONS - ALKANES
Exercise: Give the structural formula, condensed formula and the formula
for the alkanes with six and eight carbon atoms.
Structural Condensed Formula
formula formula
CH3 – (CH2 )4 – CH3 C6H14

CH3 – (CH2 )6 – CH3 C8H18

T3  Organic chemistry G9

HYDROCARBONS - ALKANES
Exercise: Think and find out what is the formula for any alkane in general,
or in other words, an alkane with n carbon atoms.
T3  Organic chemistry G9

HYDROCARBONS - ALKANES
Exercise: Think and find out what is the formula for any alkane in general,
or in other words, an alkane with n carbon atoms.

CnH2n+2
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T3
CONCEPTUAL MAP
carbon-containing compounds and their properties.
Organic chemistry is the study of _______________

four
Carbon may link _________ other atoms.

hydrogen atoms.
carbon and __________
Hydrocarbons are compounds composed by __________
saturated hydrocarbons.
Alkanes are ____________

Draw the structural formula and formula for methane

(the simplest alkane with just one carbon): CH4