ADF Report On The Execution and Burial of Sergeant Leonard Siffleet

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a. 14. ‘There were six possibilities as to the identity of the Unknown Australian Soldier
(UAS) whose body was found on the beach, above the low water line near the mouth
of the Nigia River at Aitape on the 25 Jan 45. They were:
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(1). SGT Siffleet, Caucasian – beheaded and buried 24 Oct 43 near mouth Nigia
River, last seen wearing Australian army issue shorts and shirt, UAS recovered
near place of beheading, head was missing from the UAS, burial would have
slowed rate of decomposition.’
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(2). ‘PTE Reharin, Mongoloid – beheaded and buried 24 Oct 43 near mouth Nigia
River, wearing native issue shorts.’
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(3). ‘PTE Pattiwahl, Mongoloid – beheaded and buried 24 Oct 43 near mouth Nigia
River, wearing native issue shorts.’
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(4). s47F off Aitape beach, s47F

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‘15. Those excluded from the information provided by this report and the initial
OAH report:’
D ‘b and c – due to their general racial classification being Mongoloid.’
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E ‘d and e – due to their exposure to the hydraulics of the open sea environment, the
prolific number of sea predators in that area and rate of decomposition in warm
tropical waters …’
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‘16. The end result being that, on the balance of probabilities, it is highly probable
that the UAS recovered near the mouth of the Nigia River on the 25 Jan 45 is SGT
SIFFLEET.’
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:DU'DLU\ ‘An Officer from 17 Bde junior Leaders’ School, situated near the
mouth of the Nigia River reported that the remains of an Unidentified Australian
Soldier had been washed up above sea level, approx 20 yds (18 metres) east of
the mouth of the Nigia River. Capt Kerr and Party investigated and recovered the
remains (Head and feet missing). Records held by his Unit indicate that the
remains could be that of a s47F
s47F in the mouth of the Nigia River some s47F But due to
lack of any means of confirming identification, the remains were buried in Aitape
Aust War Cemetery as Unidentified Australian Soldier.’
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‘… (b). The prisoners were later moved from Malol to Aitape.
…
(d). WATANABE then allowed three civilians YUNOME, YASUNO and
MITSUHASHI Masayo to execute the prisoners. …’
E 3DJHSDUDJUDSK
‘… (e). It was decided to move the prisoners from Malol to Aitape. …’
F 3DJH6WDWHPHQWE\.$7680,.DQLFKLQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
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Page 11 of 77
‘… the senior staff officer, Commander NOTO gave verbal orders for detachment
leader, Warrant Officer WATANABE, “to kill all PsW on AITAPE at present”. …
Arriving at AITPAE, I transmitted Commanders NOTO’s orders to Warrant Officer
WATANABE. That day or the day after -the date is not clear-, three PsW ( said to be
on AUSTRALIAN and two INDONESIONS) were blind-folded and forced to kneel on
the beach at AITAPE then, each was decapitated from behind at with a samurai
sword by three civilians attached to the military …’
G 3DJH5HSRUWRQ,QWHUURJDWLRQRI0252<RVKLML
‘…
7. He first saw the Australian PW and the 2 native PW when they first arrived ate
AITAPE form MALOL, and on another occasion when out of curiosity he went to the
front of the house in AITAPE where they were accommodated. They were then very
thin.
…
11. MORO recalls that YASUNO fails to kill SIFFLEET at the first stoke, and that
when SIFFLEET feel forward into the open grave he was still alive. He thereupon
stabbed to death in the chest by one of the civilians with a sword.’
H 3DJH 7UDQVODWLRQ RI $IILGDYLW E\ :$7$1$%( 7HUXR QR SDUDJUDSK
QXPEHULQJ
‘… However, since no orders came and there was no reason to keep the prisoners in
MARORU indefinitely, they were sent to AITAPE. I don’t quite remember the date,
but it was about two week after their capture. … The prisoners were incarcerated in
a building on top of a mountain in AITAPE and one seaman was place on guard to
look after their food and other needs. …
I 3DJH 7UDQVODWLRQ RI $IILGDYLW E\ :$7$1$%( 7HUXR QR SDUDJUDSK
QXPEHULQJ
‘… I cannot remember the date nor the time, but the following day, about 1200
hours, I ordered the men to make preparations for the execution on the North beach
of AITAPE. … They dug the hole in which the three prisoners were to be buried.
About 1400 hours, … I personally conducted the three prisoners from the building in
which they were imprisoned to the north beach. Bringing them to a halt
approximately 50 metres from the site of the execution ground. I called them one by
one to the spot on the beach where the preparation for the execution had been made.
First I turned the Australian over to YASUNO. After he had finished decapitating, I
turned one of the native soldiers over to YUNOME. After YUNOME finisher the
decapitating, I handed the other native to MITTSUBASHI. All three fitted well into
the hole. …’
J 3DJH,QWHUURJDWLRQUHSRUWRI<8120(.XQLRQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘Q. Did he say where it would take place?
A. Yes, he told me that the execution would take place on the beach near the camp.
…
K 3DJH3DUDJUDSK
‘…
(v) It was then decided to move the prisoners from MALOL to AITAPE.
…
3DJH RI
Page 12 of 77
(viii) … the prisoners were then to the beach where a hole had been prepared.
SIFFLEET was blindfolded, made to kneel alongside the hole and YASUNO
carried out the execution. YASUNO ordered YUNOME to behead REHARIN
and MITSUBASHI to …’
L 3DJH3DUDJUDSK
‘1. At AITAPE, NEW GUINEA, on 24 Oct 1943 NX14311 Sgt L.G. SIFFLEET, M
Special Unit; REHARIN, a native; and PATE WAIL, a native were executed by
Japanese. …’
M 3DJH
‘…
(iii) … I went to instruct the local inhabitants and chiefs in the area to capture and
bring in 3 enemy prisoners of war to our outpost at Malol. … 5 or 6 days later,
chiefs of the Ainbai area bringing with them 3 enemy soldiers they had captured –
one Australian …
N 3DJH 6WDWHPHQW E\ 9; &DSWDLQ 9LFWRU $OH[DQGHU 5RELQVRQ &KDSSOH
SDUDJUDSK
‘…
(d) At about 0930 hours on 24 October 1943 these three men were executed on the
beach neat Aitape as …’
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SDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘…
Q. How many did they bring in?
A. Three – 1 Australian soldier and 2 Ambon natives.
Q. Where were they confined?

A. They were put in goal in Malol Village.
Q. What kind of goal was it?

A. A former missionary’s home.
…’
P 3DJH6WDWHPHQWE\9;&DSWDLQ9LFWRU$OH[DQGHU5RELQVRQ&KDSSOHQR
SDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘…
Q. Explain to me in detail just how this execution took place?
A. We received order from Wewak HQ on the 23 Oct 43 by wireless. Yasuno and Sgt
Maj Watanabe, garrison troop leader of the guard company, talked over this
execution that night. Next morning Yasuno called us all out and told us to come
down to the beach where holes had been prepared previously by natives. The
prisoners were brought down by members of the guard company garrison troops.
Then the prisoners were given a cigarette. They were blindfolded. Yasuno made the
Australian sit down by the hole, then he cut his head off.’
Q, Look at photograph No. 2 Is that a picture of the Australian and the two natives
standing on the beach before they were beheaded?
3DJH RI
Page 13 of 77
A. Yes.
…’
Q 3DJH6WDWHPHQWE\9;&DSWDLQ9LFWRU$OH[DQGHU5RELQVRQ&KDSSOHQR
SDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘…
Q. Would you mark on the map with the pen the approximate position where this
execution took place?
A. Yes. (Marks with cross and signs his name approximate place of execution) (Map
marked “Exhibit No.6” and attached hereto).
…’
R 3DJHQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
’24 October – the affair of the prisoner of Malol Outpost. This afternoon was for me
an occasion to be remembered for a lifetime. I myself, with my own Japanese sword
beheaded an enemy soldier prisoner. This was a new experience for me. But I
screwed myself to it. Anything can be done if one resoles to do it to the very best of
one’s ability. And I am convince that given complete confidence I can carry out any
task successfully. I really believe I was magnificent. Amongst the Japanese
onlookers there were many who declared their admiration for my skill in making
such an excellent stroke.’
S 3DJHSDUDJUDSK
‘…
d. …Another policy said the executions took place at Aitape, but the basis of
his knowledge of that fact could not be determined.’
T 3DJH 7UDQVODWLRQ RI VWDWHPHQW E\ .$7680, .DQLFKL QR SDUDJUDSK
QXPEHULQJ
‘… the senior staff officer, Commander NOTO gave verbal orders for detachment
leader, Warrant Officer WATANABE, “to kill all PsW on AITAPE at present”. …
Arriving at AITPAE, I transmitted Commanders NOTO’s orders to Warrant Officer
WATANABE. That day or the day after -the date is not clear-, three PsW ( said to be
on AUSTRALIAN and two INDONESIONS) were blind-folded and forced to kneel on
the beach at AITAPE then, each was decapitated from behind at with a samurai
sword by three civilians attached to the military …’
5HIHUHQFH+
D 3DJHSDUDJUDSK
F ‘In October 1943 near Aitape one Australian Sergeant and two Ambonese
natives were captured by New Guinea natives and handed over the Japanese and he
(Yunomo) interrogated these men. The Australian was dressed in a green shirt and
shorts. One of his name was “George”, was aged twenty-five or twenty-six years,
was formerly a grocer’s shop assistant in Sydney, was unmarried, and a wireless
operator in the Australian Army.
(d). At a about 0930 hours 24 October 1943 these three men were executed on the
beach near Aitape as the result of an order for their execution sent by wireless from
Japanese HQ at Wewak by a Naval Staff Captain Tadano.
(e). YASUNO, who was a Japanese civilian attached to the Japanese Navy executed
3DJH RI
Page 14 of 77
the Australian Sergeant, he (Yunomo) then executed one of the Ambonese natives,
and MITSHUBASHI another Japanese civilian attached to the Japanese Navy
executed the other Ambonese native. The execution was supervised by a Japanese
Navy Warrant Officer named WATANABE. He (Yunomo) at the place of execution
was ordered by WATANABE and YASUNO, to execute on of the Ambonese natives..
…’
E 3DJHQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘… Q. How many did they bring in?
A. Three – 1 Australian soldier and 2 Ambon natives.
Q. Where were they confined?
A. There were put in the gaol in Malol Village.
Q. What king of goal was it?
A. A former missionary’s home.’
F 3DJHQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘… Q. Explain to me in detail just how this execution took place?
A. We received an order from Wewak HQ on the 23 Oct 43 by wireless. Yasuno and
Sgt Maj Watannbe, garrison troop leader of the guard company, talked over this
execution that night. Next morning Yasuno called us all out and told us to come
down to the beach where holes had been prepared previously by natives. The
prisoners were brought down by member of the guard company garrison troops.
Then the prisoners were given a cigarette. They were blindfolded. Yasuno made the
Australian sit down by the hole, then he cut his head off. …’
G 3DJHQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘…Q. Would you mark on the map with the pen the approximate position where this
execution took place?
A. Yes. (Marks with cross and signs his name approximate place of execution).
(Map marked “Exhibit No. 6”and attached hereto). …’
H 3DJHQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘Q. How far was the place of execution from the point?
A. Two or three minutes walk. With high tide in it would be covered with water. No
mark was made over the grave. …’
I 3DJHQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘…On 24 October, 1943, Sgt Maj WATANABE ordered the native to dig a hole in
the sand along the sea coast. Then Sgt Maj WATANABE, Sgt YASUNO, myself,
MITSUBASHI, ADCHI, six men of the Takasa Unit and about 25 or 26 men of the
Navy garrison unit went to the place of execution. There were natives also present at
the execution. The first execution was done by YASUNO, who beheaded the
Australian sgt with a sword. By the order of YASUNO, I then beheaded on of the
Ambon natives with a sword. MITSUBASHI executed the other native in the same
manner. I believe ADASHI, a civilian employee, was the one who took the picture of
the execution. After the execution we buried them and covered the hole with sand. I
was told by YASUNO that the reason for the execution was that they were guilty of
reconnoitring the area and giving secret information through wireless, the natives
acting as a spy. …’
3DJH RI
Page 15 of 77
J 3DJHQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ
‘… Civil Administration Officer YASUNO, W.O. WATANABE, I and some guards
went to MALOL, brought the three spies back to AITAPE and confined them to the
prison. …’
‘… On the morning 24th Oct. the enemy spies were taken to the sea-shore. …’
‘The place of execution had been ready with a hole dug on the sea-shore. W.O.
WATANABE and his marines were guarding the place of the execution and the other
gathered themselves around it. …’
K 3DJH VXESDUDJUDSKF
‘That about the middle of October 1943 the Accused WATANABE moved the
prisoners to AITAPE. …’
L 3DJH:$7$1$%($IILGDYLWQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ

‘… Around the latter part of September or the beginning of October 1943, about 10
natives … captured one Australian and two native soldiers …
‘… The prisoners were incarcerated in a building on top of a mountain in AITAPE
and one seaman was place on guard to look ager their food and other needs. …’
M 3DJH:$7$1$%($IILGDYLWQRSDUDJUDSKQXPEHULQJ

‘… The location decided upon was in a building occupied by the HAKKEN civilian
employees of the Navy located in the middle of the AITAPE Mountain. …’
‘They dug the hole in while the three prisoners were to be buried. About 1400 hours,
(I’m not certain about the time nor the day of the execution) I personally conducted
the three prisoners from the building in which they were imprisoned to the north
beach. Bringing them to a halt approximately 50 metres from the site of the
execution ground, I called them one by one to the sport on the beach where the
preparation for the execution had been made. First I turned the Australian over to
YASUNO. After he had finished decapitating, I turned one of the native soldier over
to YUNOME. After YUNOME finished, the decapitating, I handed the other native to
MITTSUBASHI. All fitted well into the hole. …’
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(about 25+ trips now) it is fair to say that a deep burial of 4-6 ft. in sand tends
to protect full skeletisation quite well over months to a year”
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DN: c=AU, o=GOV, ou=DoD,
ou=PKI, ou=Personnel,
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Date: 2018.02.15 12:01:12 +11'00'
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Page 30 of 77
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Page 31 of 77
“It is reported in Japanese annals and native ‘stories’, that on or about 3.00 pm on the
24 October 1943, SGT Siffleet and two fellow Ambonese prisoners (PTE Pattiwahl and
PTE Reharin, who were members of the Netherlands East Indies Forces) were marched
to the beach nearby to the Barge Base. They were forced to the ground and made to kneel
before a crowd of Japanese and New Guinean onlookers. Wearing blindfolds, the three
prisoners were beheaded and buried”.
3DJHSDUDJUDSKVWDWHV
“It is contended that the ‘beach’ (mud flats) near the location of the Japanese barge
transportation unit (2 Spl Sea Transport Unit) is the logical place where the beheading of
SGT Siffleet.”

3DJHSDUDJUDSKVWDWHV
“As reported earlier in this document, and consistent with Japanese military practices
after carrying out a beheading in the SWPA, the remains were buried at or nearby the
place of execution.”
3DJHSDUDJUDSKVWDWHV
“Multiple reports ranging from native accounts through to the Court Martial records of
Yasuno Chikao, who was found guilty of his beheading, indicate that SGT Siffleet was
buried on the beach at or near Aitape.”
3DJHSDUDJUDSKVWDWHV
“The beach near Lemieng village (hamlet) where SGT Siffleet was buried, faces out to
sea and does not have the impediment of off-shore coral reefs or islands.”
3DJHSDUDJUDSKVWDWHV
“(a) there is evidence to indicate the remains of SGT Siffleet were buried at depth in
sand/mud on the 24 October 1943 at Grid Reference 060463, Map Aitape East, 1:63360
(1 inch/mile).”
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Page 32 of 77
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Page 33 of 77
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Page 45 of 77
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Page 46 of 77

)2,
6HULDO
WelcomeGentlemen/Ladies,(asappropriate)
Introduceeveryone
WeareheretodaytoundertakeanIdentificationBoardinrelationtoNX14331Sergeant
LeonardGordonSIFFLEETwhowasexecutedbytheJapaneseonthe24October1943on
thebeachatAITAPE,NEWGUINEAduringWorldWarTwo.SGTSiffleetwasexecutedby
beheadingalongwithtwoAmbonesecompanionsaftertheyhadbeencaptured
operatingbehindenemylines.Theirbodieshaveneverbeenrecovered.
Page 47 of 77
AsyoucanseethisBoardisrequiredtomakeitsdecisionontheBalanceofProbabilities.
ItdrawsitAuthority,processanddelegationsfromthereferencesmentionedonthis
slide.
Page 48 of 77
TheBalanceofProbabilities,isthestandardofproofthatisrequiredincivillawcases.
ThefamilyofSGTSiffleetwillbeadvisedIAWwiththepolicy.
Page 49 of 77
AbriefoutlineofthecircumstancesofSGTSiffleet,PTEsPattiwalandReharing.
TheywerecapturedwhileoperatingbehindenemylinesonOperationWhiting.
HeldforaperiodatMalol,questionedandtortured.
MovedtoAitapeandheldinabuildingonahilltop.
Sometimeonthe24Oct1943,theyweretakentonorthbeachatAitapeandpublic
executedbybeheading,theirexecutionwasphotographed,andbelowthehidetide
markinonegrave.
Thetimingoftheexecutionvariesfromstatementtostatement.
Page 50 of 77
TheyellowcircleshowthehillatAitape,theJapaneseinterrogationreportsrefertoitas
amountain.
Page 51 of 77
SiffleetbeheadingistheonlyknownphotographedbeheadingofaEuropeanduring
WorldWarTwo.
Hisdeathandthewhereaboutsofhisremainsatthetimeandtodatestillhave
immeasurablepublicinterest.
Initially,thephotographwasreportedasanAmericanairman,thenasAustralianVC
winnerbeforebeingcorrectlyidentified.
Hisfamilywasnottold,theyfoundbyseeingitdisplayedatthelocalpicturesafterthe
war.
Page 52 of 77
Theinterrogationreportoftheseniorguardincharge,WOWatanabe,confirmsthatonly
onegravewasdug,thatSiffleetwasexecutedfirst,thenanAmbonesesoldiersoneafter
another.
FromthedateofexecutiontothedateofUASbodybeingdiscoveredwas1year,3
monthsand1day,or65weeksand4days,or459days.
Page 53 of 77
Page 54 of 77
s47F
s22
Thisshowtheentryby7AustWarGravesUnit,for24Jan1945,
‘AnOfficefrom17BdeJuniorLeader’School,situatednearthemouthoftheNigiaRiver
reportthattheremainsofanUnidentifiedAustralianSoldierhadbeenwashedupabove
sealevel,approx20YdseastofthemouthoftheNigiaRiver.CaptKerrandParty
investigatedandrecoveredtheremains(Headandfeetmissing).Recordsheldbythe
unitindicatetheremainscouldbethatofa s47F whowaslastseeninan
unconsciousconditioninthemouthoftheNigiaRiversomeweekspreviously.But,due
tolackofanymeansofconfirmingidentification,theremainswereburiedinAitapeAust
WarCemeteryasUnidentifiedAustralianSoldier.’
Page 55 of 77
s47F
Page 56 of 77
s2
2
ss22
FrontofGraveRegistrationcardshowingAitapeinitialburial,WewakburialthenLae
burial.
Page 57 of 77
BackofGraveRegistrationCard,showingnotations.
‘Bodytoodecomposedthroughactionofwaterandsealice'stonoteanydeformities
etc...’
Page 58 of 77
s47F
s47F
s47F
Listofall5probablecandidateswhocouldbeconsidered.
Page 59 of 77
s47F
s47F
s47F
Locationmarkersonthemap
Note– Loatsmarkerisalsoshowing
AsisPPA7marker
Page 60 of 77
s47F
s47F
s47F
Secondviewofmarkers
Page 61 of 77
OAHHypothesis– eachlaidout
Japaneseinterrogationstatementsdonotstatethedepthofthegrave.
Theseniorguard,WOWatanabe,statementclearlystatesthatduringhisinterrogation
therewasonlyonegrave.
Page 62 of 77
Page 63 of 77
Page 64 of 77
Uniformnotincontention
UAS– asanAustraliannotincontention
Page 65 of 77
Depthofgraveisnotknown.
Periodisactually15monthsnot12months.
Page 66 of 77
s47F
Incorrect.
TwootherAustralianssoldiersreportedmissingandneverrecoveredduringthatperiod
andfitthedecomposition
s47F
Ͳ Ͳ 12weeks
Ͳ 7week,3days
Page 67 of 77
Incorrect– refertoslide10
Page 68 of 77
Thereareactuallytwowetseasonsthatneedbetotakenintoconsideration1943/44
and1944/45notjust1944/45.
OperationAussieHomeonlyconsider1944/45
Also,ifbodiesmayhaveuncoveredslowly,ifthiswasthecase,theymayhavewellbe
discoveredbyindividual(s)beforebeingwashedouttoseathenwashedup– notheory
tohasbeenputforward.Additionally,animalssuchaspigsmayhavefoundthembefore
theybeenwashedoutsea.
Page 69 of 77
Sameaspreviousslide
Page 70 of 77
Page 71 of 77
TheAmericanslandingwouldhavecausefarmoresanddisturbancethenAustralian
reliefinplace.
Page 72 of 77
AmapoftheAmericanslanding.
Page 73 of 77
• TheAitapeAustWarCemeterycontained118Australianservicemenatthetimeofits
closure.
• Inthatnumbertherewere3UAS,allwereinPlotA.
• TheUASinquestionwasinRowB,Grave2.
• TheremainsoftheseAustralianswereexhumedandmovedtoWewak,wherethey
wereagainexhumedmovedtoLaeatthewar;onethelocationofthepermanent
CommonwealthWarCemeterieshadbeendecided.
Page 74 of 77
s47F
Theconclusiondrawnfromtheevidencereviewedistherearefiveprobablecandidates:
1. Siffleet
2. Pattiwal
3. Reharing
s47F
4.
5.
Thebodywasheduphadnoheadorfeet,wasbadlydecomposedthroughactionof
waterandsealice'stonoteanydeformities.
Additionally,withinafewdaysofthe2004BoxingDaytsunamitheThai’swerechecking
pubichaircolourtoquicklyscreenforeigners(Europeans).Thisanecdotedemonstrates
thatevenafterafewdaysinthetropics,itisimpossibletodetermineancestry(race)
usingskincolour,softtissuesetc.Additionally,takingintoconsiderationtherewasno
skull.
ItmustberememberthememberofGRUwerenotexpertinidentifyingremains
especiallyonewithoutaskullandwhohadbeenitthewaterforanextendedperiod.
Page 75 of 77
s47F
s47F
Discussifrequied
Page 76 of 77
Page 77 of 77

ADF Report On The Execution and Burial of Sergeant Leonard Siffleet

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ADF Report On The Execution and Burial of Sergeant Leonard Siffleet

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Q. What kind of goal was it?

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(iv) Observations of the AItape soil

REPORT PREPARED BY CAPT MACGREGOR (UWC-A) 4

REPORT PREPARED BY CAPT MACGREGOR (UWC-A) 5

REPORT PREPARED BY CAPT MACGREGOR (UWC-A) 6

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