Sentence Correction

1. Climatic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the
weather.
(A) so gradual as to be indistinguishable
(B) so gradual they can be indistinguishable
(C) so gradual that they are unable to be distinguished
(D) gradual enough not to be distinguishable
(E) gradual enough so that one cannot distinguish them

OA: (A) Correct idiom is – so adjective as to verb

(C) is wrong because it is much more wordy and awkward than (A). Also able/unable is generally used only
for people’s abilities.

2. Although the lesser cornstalk borer is widely distributed, control of them is necessary only in the South.

(A) the lesser cornstalk borer is widely distributed, control of them is

(B) widely distributed, measures to control the lesser cornstalk borer are
(C) widely distributed, lesser cornstalk borer control is
(D) the lesser cornstalk borer is widely distributed, measures to control it are
(E) it is widely distributed, control of the lesser cornstalk borer is

OA: (D)
(C) is wrong because of change in meaning. Here “cornstalk borer control” is widely distributed, which is
wrong

3. It is as difficult to prevent crimes against property as those that are against a person.
(A) those that are against a
(B) those against a
(C) it is against a
(D) preventing those against a
(E) it is to prevent those against a

OA: (E)
E seems llel. It is as difficult to prevent crimes against property as it is to prevent those against a
person.
A/B those(crimes) is compared to "difficulty to prevent crimes" D action of "preventing crimes" is
compared to "difficulty in preventing"

4. Sartre believed each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one, that it is
the choice that gives value to the act, and that nothing that is not acted upon has value.
(A) each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one
(B)that each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over another
(C) that each individual is responsible, choosing one course of action over another
(D) that each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over the other
(E) each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over other ones
OA: (B)
Responsible for is the correct idiom
5. The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclear
reactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart;
rather a kind of nuclear battery that uses natural
radioactive decay to produce power.

(A) apart; rather

(B) apart, but rather
(C) apart, but rather that of
(D) apart, but that of
(E) apart; it is that of

OA: (B) Correct idiom: Not X, but rather Y

6. A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were
published, reveals that Twain provided financial assistance to one of the first Black students at
Yale Law School.

(A) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published,
(B) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
(C) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published.
(D) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year as he published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that
(E) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that

OA: (C) Choices B and E, due to their awkward constructions, lack clarity of meaning. They seem to indicate
that there is some specific "year of publication," during which both this letter and the novel The Adventures
of Huckleberry Finn were written. This interpretation contradicts the original intent of the sentence, which
indicates that the letter was written in the same year that the novel was published.

7. Quasars are so distant that their light has taken billions of years to reach the Earth; consequently,
we see them as they were during the formation of the universe.

(A) we see them as they were during

(B) we see them as they had been during
(C) we see them as if during
(D) they appear to us as they did in
(E) they appear to us as though in

OA: (A) In this sentence, we have a present event and a past event, so we use the simple present and past
tenses: "we see them (now, in the present) as they were (in the past) during the formation of the universe."

Answer choice D has a little logical glitch. It sounds as though we're saying, "they appear to us now as they
appeared to us in the formation of the universe." We certainly weren't around to see what they looked like
way back then! Additionally, I don't like "IN the formation of the universe." The formation is a process, not
a place, so the construction "DURING the formation" is preferable.

8. The lawyer for the defense charged that she suspected the police of having illegally taped her confidential
conversations with her client and then used the information obtained to find evidence supporting their
 murder charges.

(A) used the information obtained to find evidence supporting

(B) used such information as they obtained to find evidence supporting
(C) used the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support
(D) of using the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support
(E) of using such information as they obtained to find evidence that would be supportive of

OA: (D)
To narrow down the choices, first look at 'of having'. Next, take out [illegally taped her confidential
conversations with her client ]
She suspected the police 'of having'.. 'and then of using'. Of having and of using should be
parallel.Therefore, eliminate A,B,C.
Next, 'taped' is past tense. Look in D and E for past tense in regards to obtaining evidence so the two are
parallel.'they had obtained' is past tense.

9. Camus broke with Sartre in a bitter dispute over the nature of Stalinism.
(A) in a bitter dispute over
(B) over bitterly disputing
(C) after there was a bitter dispute over
(D) after having bitterly disputed about
(E) over a bitter dispute about

OA: (A)
Make sure that you appreciate the difference in meaning between the two sentences. If you say that C broke
with S in a bitter dispute, you are saying that,during the course of the dispute, the 'break' occurred. If you
say they broke over a bitter dispute, you are actually saying that they didn't break during the dispute itself,
but rather that the dispute was the catalyst of their later (although probably not too much later) 'break'.

10. Although one link in the chain was demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require the recall of
the automobile.
(A) demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require
(B) demonstrated as weak, but it was not sufficiently so that it required
(C) demonstrably weak, but not sufficiently so to require
(D) demonstrably weak, it was not so weak as to require
(E) demonstrably weak, it was not weak enough that it required

OA: (D) Idiom, So adjective as to verb

11. The new contract forbids a strike by the transportation union.

A. forbids a strike by the transportation union

B. forbids the transportation union from striking
C. forbids that there be a strike by the transportation union
D. will forbid the transportation union from striking
E. will forbid that the transportation union strikes

OA: (A) Forbid X to do Y is correct idiom

Forbid X from Y is incorrect
prohibit X from Y is correct

12. The sale of government surplus machinery will begin at 9 a.m. and continue until the supply lasts.

A. will begin at 9 a.m. and continue until the supply lasts

 B. begins at 9 a.m., continuing until the supply lasts
C. will begin at 9 a.m. and, until the supply lasts, will continue
D. begins at 9 a.m. and, as long as the supply may last, it continues
E. will begin at 9 a.m. and continue as long as the supply lasts

OA: (E)
We should use 'as long as' to indicate that A is valid till the time B is valid, i.e., the moment B completes, A is
also over.
We should use 'until' to indicate that A is valid till the time B is invalid, i.e. the moment B starts, A is over.
An event can depend on another event in 2 ways: either the beginning or the ending of the second event brings
some change n the first event.
If is 'beginning', we should use 'until' and if it is 'ending' we should use 'as long as'.

13. Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a
significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational
banks.

(A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is

(B) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are
(C) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are
(D) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would be
(E) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is

OA: (A) Subject verb agreement. Solvency is the subject, is is the verb. Example of verb coming before the
subject

14. In the United States, trade unions encountered far more intense opposition against their struggle for social
legitimacy than the organized labor movements of most other democratic nations.
(A) against their struggle for social legitimacy than
(B) in their struggle for social legitimacy than did
(C) against their struggle for social legitimacy as
(D) in their struggle for social legitimacy as did
(E) when they struggled for social legitimacy than has

OA: (B)
In A
trade unions encountered far more intense opposition than the organized labor movements
comparison objectives are intense opposition and the organized labor movements
the logic is wrong

15. In the most common procedure for harvesting forage crops such as alfalfa, as much as 20 percent of the
leaf and small-stem material, which is the most nutritious of all the parts of the plant, shattered and fell to
the ground.

(a) which is the most nutritious of all the parts of the plant, shattered and fell
(b) the most nutritious of all parts of the plant, shatter and fall
(c) the parts of the plant which were most nutritious, will shatter and fall
(d) the most nutritious parts of the plant, shatters and falls.
(e) parts of the plant which are the most nutritious, have shattered and fallen

OA: (D)
The points to recall are:

1. This is a general fact; therefore, simple present is required.

 2. ‘as much as’ in the non-underline part makes it clear that the subject 20% is singular and not plural.

16. Originally published in 1950, Some Tame Gazelle was Barbara Pym’s first novel, but it does not read like
an apprentice work.
(A) does not read like an apprentice work
(B) seems not to read as an apprentice work
(C) does not seem to read as an apprentice work would
(D) does not read like an apprentice work does
(E) reads unlike an apprentice work

OA: (A) reason not known. Why like is correct here?

17. Many psychologists and sociologists now contend that the deliberate and even brutal aggression integral to
some forms of competitive athletics increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts among crowds
of spectators dominated by young adult males.
(A) increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts
(B) increase the likelihood that there will be an eruption of imitative violence
(C) increase the likelihood of imitative violence erupting
(D) increases the likelihood for imitative violence to erupt
(E) increases the likelihood that imitative violence will erupt

OA: (E) the only thing deciding between those two choices (presumably you've eliminated the other three
without even looking past the first word of each). 'Likelihood for' an event is just, well, wrong.

18. Most nations regard their airspace as extending upward as high as an aircraft can fly; no specific altitude,
however, has been officially recognized as a boundary.
(A) as extending
(B) as the extent
(C) to be an extent
(D) to be an extension
(E) to extend

OA: (A) “Regard X as Y” is the correct idiom.

Hence, C, D, and E are incorrect.
B: “nations regard airspace as the extent upward…” is awkward.
A: “nations regard airspace as extending upward as high as…” is the best choice.

19. Several senior officials spoke to the press on condition that they not be named in the story.
(A) that they not be named
(B) that their names will not be used
(C) that their names are not used
(D) of not being named
(E) they will not be named

OA: (A) We have to use subjunctive mood in the clause "on condition that”

20. With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of
communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban
life and attract new businesses.
 (A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract

OA: (C) "is but one" implies that it is part, but not all of the communities, so it is plural. We can discard A+B
on this basis.

21. Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an
all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as
Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”
(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers
(B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts
(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis
(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used
(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers

OA: (E) Here, "Based on accounts..." cannot modify the noun "scholars". Scholars aren't based on
anything...they just exist as human beings. Scholars' theories may be based on the principles first
discovered by Newton or something like that, but the scholars themselves aren't based on anything.

22. State officials report that soaring rates of liability insurance have risen to force cutbacks in the operations
of everything from local governments and school districts to day-care centers and recreational facilities.
(A) rates of liability insurance have risen to force
(B) rates of liability insurance are a force for
(C) rates for liability insurance are forcing
(D) rises in liability insurance rates are forcing
(E) liability insurance rates have risen to force

OA: (C)
Rate of is used when we have to express "measure"
For example: Rate of change in commodity prices is indicative of a highly volatile market.
Rate for is used when we have to express "price"
For example: Rates for gold have been consistently increasing.

So when you see the word - rate, see if you can replace it with price. If yes, then you must use "for" with rate.
However, when it makes sense to replace "rate" with "measure", you must use "of" with rate.

23. An array of tax incentives has led to a boom in the construction of new office buildings; so abundant has
capital been for commercial real estate that investors regularly scour the country for areas in which to
build.
(A) so abundant has capital been for commercial real estate that
(B) capital has been so abundant for commercial real estate, so that
(C) the abundance of capital for commercial real estate has been such,
(D) such has the abundance of capital been for commercial real estate that
(E) such has been an abundance of capital for commercial real estate,
OA: (A) Why D is wrong?
24. While some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrated into every business course,
others say that students will take ethics seriously only if it would be taught as a separately required course.
(A) only if it would be taught as a separately required course
(B) only if it is taught as a separate, required course
(C) if it is taught only as a course required separately
(D) if it was taught only as a separate and required course
(E) if it would only be taught as a required course, separately

OA: (B) he tense sequence rule (Past+Conditional) and (Present+Future)

25. In June of 1987, The Bridge of Trinquetaille, Vincent van Gogh’s view of an iron bridge over the Rhone
sold for $20.2 million and it was the second highest price ever paid for a painting at auction.
(A) Rhone sold for $20.2 million and it was
(B) Rhone, which sold for $20.2 million, was
(C) Rhone, was sold for $20.2 million,
(D) Rhone was sold for $20.2 million, being
(E) Rhone, sold for $20.2 million, and was

OA: (C) reason why B is wrong-

WHICH can refer to two things:
1. The previous word (Rhone)
2. The previous clause (Vincent Van Gogh's view of an iron bridge over the Rhone).

Referring to previous word makes no sense, hence it will refer to previous clause. But again the previous
clause is the description of the painting.
So what did actually sell? Painting or its description. Since, it was the painting, so use of WHICH is
completely WRONG over here.

26. A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that much of the
currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the incineration of
wastes.
(A) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes
(B) much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come
(C) much of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes
(D) many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come
(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

OA: (E) at least three reasons.

- "much of the dioxins" is not good.

if you're going to use uncountable quantity words, like "much", then you should use them with singular
mass nouns (money, furniture, water, etc.)

- "that north americans are exposed to" is WRONG.

you shouldn't end modifiers with prepositions.
this should be "to which north americans are exposed".

- "much" is singular (as are all uncountable quantity words - "much", "little", as well as more/less etc. when
used with uncountable quantities), so the plural verb "come" is wrong.
27. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to
recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
(A) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to
recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
(B) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined to
recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
(C) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people
to recognize that they are weak to a degree.
(D) Many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to
recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
(E) Many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to
admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.

OA: (D)
C – Does analytical skills bring out disinclination or the lack of analytical skills?
E - "have a disinclination to recognize" is wordy/unidiomatic, and is definitely inferior to "are disinclined to
recognize".

28. Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters
of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.

A.
B. Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findings
C. Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activity
D. sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the area
E. sediments from the Baltic Sea, with the growth of industrial activity there

OA: (D)
In the initial problem "which" indicates a noun modifier. The sediments alone are not "consistent with the
growth of industrial activity" however - it's the "large concentrations" of these sediments. So that's a
problem. In addition, the sentence uses the pronoun "there" but pronouns need to refer to nouns. The noun it
should be referring to is the "area around the Baltic Sea" but this is not actually contained in the sentence.
Even the words "Baltic Sea" are being used as an adjective to describe the type of sediment.

B has a similar, though even worse, problem - "where" introduces a noun modifier and should indicate a
place but sediments are not a place.

C says "its growth of industrial activity" - what is "its" referring to? Logically, it should be the area around
the Baltic Sea, but a noun indicating such an area is not present in the sentence.

D is right.

E has two main problems. "With the growth of industrial activity there" doesn't mean anything. And where
is "there"? The only location mentioned is the Baltic Sea... but the growth of industrial activity didn't
happen in the Sea. It happened in the area around it.

29. In metal work one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is that the contact, and hence the
bonding, is effected continuously over a broad surface instead of a series of regularly spaced points with no
bonding in between.

A) instead of
B) as opposed to
C) in contrast with
 D) rather than at
E) as against being at

OA : D
if you don't have "at", then you wind up with over X and Y -- implying both "over X" and "over Y".
The problem is that the resulting meaning is illogical here. think about the meaning of the sentence: you
have a contrast between an application over a continuous surface (in which "over" actually makes logical
sense), on the one hand, and a different application at a series of (individual) points, on the other hand.

30. The cameras of the Voyager Ⅱ spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus,
which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.
(A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(B) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit
(C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around
(D) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(E) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit

OA: (B)
known as/known to do something

Usually, we say known to do something in two different ways. First, when we want to talk about some fact
that people have learned.
We also use this when we are talking about the habits of someone or something that other people know
about.
e.g. Smoking cigarettes is known to cause cancer.

We use known as when we want to talk about the name of somebody or something or its definition.
e.g. In some parts of the United States, the lynx is known as a puma.

so in B and D , I will go with B.

31. In astronomy the term “red shift” denotes the extent to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted
toward the red, or long-wave, end of the light spectrum by the rapid motion of the galaxy away from the
Earth.
(A) to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted
(B) to which light from a distant galaxy has shifted
(C) that light from a distant galaxy has been shifted
(D) of light from a distant galaxy shifting
(E) of the shift of light from a distant galaxy

OA: (A)
the issue is not with an idiom of denote or extent itself, but rather with the continuation of the sentence "by the
rapid motion of the galaxy away from the Earth." the 'by" indicates that some action has been done BY the
motion, requiring the passive form for the previous verb.

32. Egyptians are credited as having pioneered embalming methods as long ago as 2650 B.C.
(A) as having
(B) with having
(C) to have
(D) as the ones who
(E) for being the ones who

OA: (B)
We use ‘credited with’- when we mention what someone has achieved
‘Credited to’ – when we associate one’s achievement with someone else
e.g. we had to credit much of your success to simple good luck.

33. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be
the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by
men.
(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring comparable skills
(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are
(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one demanding
comparable skills
(E) to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable skills

OA: (A)

The verb ‘to require’ can function in two ways. First is passive: “Something is required to do something”.
The other is active, here require is used as bossy verbs. He demanded that Sheila dance.
Here in the question, we have require in the active voice, so that will be used.

34. Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, credited African art with having had a strong influence on his work.
(A) with having had
(B) for its having
(C) to have had
(D) for having
(E) in that it had

OA: (A)
The word 'credit' can be used as both noun and verb. When used as verb (as in our case), the correct expression
is 'credited someone with something'. When used as noun, it is 'credit to someone for doing something'

As such in our case, option A is correct.

The following is also correct usage:
Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, gave credit African art FOR having had a strong influence on his
work --> Credit is used as a noun and the verb is 'give'

35. The data being collected in the current geological survey are providing a strong warning for engineers as
they consider the new dam project, but their greatest importance might lie in how they influence the
upcoming decision by those same engineers on whether to retrofit 75 bridges in the survey zone.
A. The data being collected in the current geological survey are providing a strong warning for engineers as
they consider the new dam project, but their greatest importance
B. The data being collected in the current geological survey provide a strong warning for engineers as they
consider the new dam project, but its greatest importance
C. The data collected in the current geological survey is providing a strong warning for engineers as they
consider the new dam project, but their greatest importance
D. The data collected in the current geological survey provides a strong warning for engineers in
consideration of the new dam project, but its greatest importance
E. The data collected in the current geological survey provide a strong warning for engineers in
 consideration for the new dam project, but the greatest importance

OA: (A)
Technically, data is plural of datum. In academic writing it is almost always treated as plural. It is treated as
singular in informal writing but GMAT favors treating it as plural. Even if you do not know this, the use of
"they influence the upcoming" should tell you that data is used in plural form here.

B and D use 'its' for data so they are incorrect. C uses "is providing" for data so it is incorrect.
In option (E), "in consideration for the new dam project" is bad diction.

Answer is (A)

Here is a note on the use of being in this sentence by Brian:

"Being" is properly used to express a temporary state. It's often used hideously on the GMAT as a modifier
for something that isn't at all temporary:

Being the first man to walk on the moon, Neil Armstrong...

"Being" is wrong there - he wasn't "being" the first man on the moon...that's just who he is.

But you could correctly say:

While being driven to the shuttle launch, Neil Armstrong remarked to his chauffeur that...

Because "being driven" is a temporary state.

So in this question, which clearly denotes the "current geological survey", "being collected" is a temporary
state. The data won't always be collected, but currently for a temporary period of time the data are being
collected, so "being" is used properly here zx

36. The defense lawyer and witnesses portrayed the accused as a victim of circumstance, his life uprooted by
the media pressure to punish someone in the case.

(A) circumstance, his life

(B) circumstance, and his life
(C) circumstance, and his life being
(D) circumstance; his life
(E) circumstance: his life being

OA: (A)
Note that "his life uprooted by the media pressure to punish someone in the case." and "his life being uprooted
by the media pressure to punish someone in the case." are not independent clauses because they have no
verb in them.

The following are independent clauses and one of these is what you need with the coordinating conjunction
('and') and semi colon:
"his life was uprooted by the media pressure to punish someone in the case."

37. Horticulturists, who are known for growing the juiciest tomatoes, frequently use a method called cross-
pollination, in part because certain features should be developed in their tomatoes and partly because cross-
pollination produces results more quickly than does natural selection.
(A) in part because certain features should be developed in their tomatoes
(B) in part for the development of certain features in their tomatoes
(C) partly because of their tomatoes developing certain features
(D) partly because certain features should be developed in their tomatoes
(E) partly to develop certain features in their tomatoes

OA: (E)
In GMAT, the word "should" is used to convey a sense of "moral obligation". The sentence "Winter should set
in next week" is incorrect. The correct form would be "Winter is likely to set in next week."

For the above reason the use of "should" in the original sentence conveys a wrong meaning. There is no
"moral obligation" implied by the author. Therefore we have to eliminate option D and choose E.

The infinitive "to develop" correctly conveys the sense of "intent"

38. Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in small
amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadevers.

A)
B) scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly.
C) scientists learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed
D) learning how to make a sythetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly
E) learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed by scientists

OA: (C)
In the problem at hand, the original sentence, along with answer choices B and D, indicate that scientists
removed "a synthetic growth hormone" from cadavers. This is nonsensical, as something synthetic, by
definition, does not come from a natural source. Thus, A, B, and D can be eliminated based on their lack of
clarity.

39. The defective thermometers will sometimes fail to register a fever when it is present and indicate that there
is one when it is not.

(A) a fever when it is present and indicate that there is one

(B) a fever when it is present and indicate that one is present
(C) when a fever is present and indicate that there is one
(D) when a fever is present and indicates its presence
(E) the presence of a fever when it is there and indicates its presence

OA: (B)
a fever when it is present and indicate that there is one
Wrong. "There is one when it is not" is not parallel.

a fever when it is present and indicate that one is present

Correct. "one is present when it is not [present]" ==> Parallelism. (subject + is + adj when subject + is not
[+ adj])

when a fever is present and indicate that there is one

Wrong. Same as A.

when a fever is present and indicates its presence

Wrong. "its present when it is not" ==> not parallel (noun vs clause)

the presence of a fever when it is there and indicates its presence

 Wrong. Same as D. "its present when it is not" ==> not parallel (noun vs clause)

Also - discarded A and C for " there is one when it is not" - "when it is not" should be preceded by "that one is
___"

40. The documentary film An Inconvenient Truth has the distinction of being Hollywood’s first carbon-
neutral film: the filmmakers hired energy consultants to determine the movie’s “carbon footprint”
from production-related travel, clerical and office expenses, and where the cast and crew stayed on
location and then offset the emissions they produced with renewable energy credits.

(A) where the cast and crew stayed on location

(B) the places where the cast and crew stayed on location
(C) location accommodations for the cast and crew
(D) the cast and crew’s location accommodations
(E) accommodating the cast and crew on location

OA: Unknown

41. Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and
its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have
declined.

A. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales
have increased dramatically, its
B. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales
increased dramatically, its
C. many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased
dramatically, the restaurant company’s
D. having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales increasing
dramatically, the restaurant company’s
E. recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the
restaurant company’s

OA: (A)
b) contains bad parallelism. since you're talking about two trends that have taken place simultaneously, you
MUST use the same verb tense to describe those trends.
in (b), the first verb (has ... added) is in the present perfect, but the second (increased) is in the simple past

42. According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American
Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in
planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
(A) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to
practice
(B) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
(C) minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
(D) it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan
to practice
(E) it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice

OA: (C)
Option A is incorrect because "likely" is not followed by "to verb". This word is always followed by a "to
verb". For example: Kinjal is likely to understand this explanation. However, in this choice what we have is
"likely... in planning to practice". This is the incorrect idiom here. Now, the other idiom "more... than..." is
fine. But it has been out so cleverly between this "likely" idiom that we only focus on that. There is no
 problem with "four times more likely" here.

Option B is also incorrect for the same reason. In fact, the "who clause" just provided additional
information. The whole planning part now belongs to the "other graduates" and do not even relate to
"minority graduates" in the main clause.

43. Archaeologists in Egypt have excavated a 5,000-year-old wooden hull that is the earliest surviving
example of example of a “built” boat—in other words, a boat constructed out of planks fitted
together—and that thus represents a major advance, in terms of boat-building technology, over the
dugout logs and reed vessels of more ancient vintage.
A. together—and that thus represents
B. together—and this has represented
C. together, and it represents
D. together that was representing
E. together to represent

OA: (A)
The long dash is used to indicate an example or an aside. Only the example or aside goes inside the dash, so
that example either has to go all the way to the end of the sentence or we need to "close" the dash at some
point by putting a second one in. In this case, the "in other words" text only applies to the "built boat"
concept, so I want to "close" the dash when I'm done talking about it. So eliminate C, D, and E.

Then, between A and B, only A follows parallelism. "Archaeologists have excavated a hull that is X and
that represents Y." Only A does that correctly.

Also, when you use "and", the two things connected by it should be separate (although presented in the same
kind of context, hence the use of "and".

44. At the end of 2001, motion picture industry representatives said that there
were about a million copies of Hollywood movies available online and
expected piracy to increase with high-speed Internet connections that
become more widely available.

A) online and expected piracy to increase with high-speed Internet

connections that become more widely available
B) online and expect the increase of piracy with the wider availability
of high-speed Internet connections
C) online, and they expect more piracy to increase with the wider
availability of high-speed Internet connections
D) online, and that they expected the increase of piracy as high-speed
Internet connections would become more widely available
E) online, and that they expected piracy to increase as high-speed
Internet connections became more widely available

OA: (E)
Reason D is wrong:-
Consider the following sentence:

They expect piracy to increase as high-speed Internet connections become more widely available.

If the above statement is used within a statement in past, then each verb moves one step back (present
becomes simple past, simple past becomes past perfect, and future becomes conditional).

In the above sentence, the verb "become" is in simple present, and hence when used within a statement in
 simple past, simple present "become" becomes simple past "became"

45. As criminal activity on the Internet becomes more and more sophisticated, not only are thieves able to
divert cash from company bank accounts, they can also pilfer valuable information such as business
development strategies, new product specifications, and contract bidding plans, and sell the data to
competitors.

A. they can also pilfer valuable information such as business development strategies, new product
specifications, and contract bidding plans, and sell
B. they can also pilfer valuable information that includes business development strategies, new product
specifications, and contract bidding plans, and selling
C. also pilfering valuable information including business development strategies, new product
specifications, and contract bidding plans, selling
D. but also pilfer valuable information such as business development strategies, new product specifications,
and contract bidding plans to sell
E. but also pilfering valuable information such as business development strategies, new product
specifications, and contract bidding plans and selling

OA: (A)
Hi Ratnesh, generally with a not only...but also structure, the verb is outside of the idiomatic construct. So, a
better sentence would be:

....thieves can not only divert cash from company bank accounts but also pilfer valuable information...

Even in the sentence that you have suggested, at the very least, I would add a can to the second part, so as
to not change the meaning of the original sentence.

...thieves not only are able to divert cash from company bank accounts, but also can pilfer valuable
information....

46. Although they are crucially important, a person's total calorie intake is only one of the many factors that
determine if their weight will increase or decrease.

A. they are crucially important, a person's total calorie intake is only one of the many factors that determine if
their weight will increase or decrease
B. it is crucially important, a person's total calorie intake is only one of the many factors that determine whether
his or her weight will increase or decrease
C. it is a crucially important factor, a person's total calorie intake is the only one of many that determines
whether his or her weight will increase or decrease
D. crucially important, a person's total calorie intake is only one of the many factors that determines the
increase or decrease in their weight
E. it is crucially important, a person's total calorie intake is the only one of many factors that determines the
increase or decrease in his or her weight

OA: (B)
Many factors is plural and hence it will be plural determine, not singular determines.