KAYE ANGELIE S.

SANTILLAN 12-STEM
JAN 1, 1604
Mechanical calculators are manufactured for
sale
Records exist of earlier machines, but Blaise
Pascal invents the first commercial calculator, a
hand powered adding machine.

JAN 1, 1842
Ada Lovelace
Although Babbage was a
poor communicator and
record-keeper, his
JAN 1, 1801 difference engine is
Punch cards used for programming a machine sufficiently developed by
Frenchman, Joseph-Marie Jacquard builds a 1842 that Ada Lovelace
loom that weaves by reading punched holes uses it to mechanically
stored on small sheets of hardwood. These translate a short written
plates are then inserted into the loom which work. She is generally
reads (retrieves) the pattern and creates regarded as the first
(process) the weave. Powered by water, this programmer.
"machine" came 140 years before the
development of the modern computer.
JAN 1, 1854
George Boole - father of computer science
George Boole, while
professor of Mathematics
at Cork University, writes
An Investigation of the
Laws of Thought (1854),
and is generally
recognized as the father of
computer science.

JAN 1, 1820 APR 1, 1890

Charles Babbage starts his reseach Punch cards used in 1890 Census
Shortly after the first mass- The 1890 census is tabulated on punch cards
produced calculator, similar to the ones used 90 years earlier to
Charles Babbage begins create weaves. Developed by Herman Hollerith
his lifelong quest for a of MIT, the system uses electric power (non-
programmable machine. mechanical). The Hollerith Tabulating Company
is a forerunner of today's IBM.

JAN 2, 1822
Babbage's Difference Machine
Difference Machine was an automatic,
mechanical calculator designed to tabulate
polynomial functions.
 JAN 1, 1892
Printing Calculator
William Burroughs introduces a commercially
successful printing calculator. It is hand-
powered but Burroughs quickly introduces an
electronic model.

JAN 1, 1941
Konrad Zuse builds a mechanical calculator to
handle the math involved in his profession
Konrad Zuse was a German engineer and
computer pioneer. His greatest achievement
was the world's first functional program-
FEB 23, 1918 controlled Turing-complete computer, the Z3, in
Enigma Machine Invented 1941 (the program was stored on a punched
An Enigma machine is any of a family of related tape).
electro-mechanical rotor machines used for the
encryption and decryption of secret messages.
The first Enigma was invented by German
engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World
War I This machine was used by the Germans
with great success in World War II, but we had
Bletchley Park Code Breakers!

FEB 1, 1944
The Havard Mark I is introduced
The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC), called the Mark I by Harvard
University,[1] was the first large-scale automatic
digital computer in the USA. It is considered by
some to be the first universal calculator. It uses
a paper tape to store instructions.

JUL 1, 1927
Vannevar Bush of MIT builds his differential
analyzer
The differential analyzer was a mechanical
analog computer designed to solve differential
equations by integration, using wheel-and-disc
mechanisms to perform the integration. It was
one of the first advanced computing devices to
be used operationally. Using a set of gears and
shafts, much like Babbage, the machine can
handle simple calculus problems, but accuracy JAN 1, 1945
is a problem. Computer De-Bugging Invented
Early in 1945, with the Mark I stopped for
repairs, Hopper notices a moth in one of the
relays, possibly causing the problem. From this
day on, Hopper refers to fixing the system as
"debugging".
JUN 21, 1948
Working towards store programmes
Teams around the world work on a "stored
program" machine. The first, nicknamed "Baby",
is a prototype of a much larger machine under
construction in Britain and is shown in June
1948. The Manchester Small-Scale
Experimental Machine (SSEM), nicknamed
Baby, was the world's first stored-program
computer. It was built at the Victoria University
of Manchester by Frederic C. Williams, Tom
Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first
program on 21 June 1948.
APR 29, 1952
IBM's first commercial scientific computer
The IBM 701, known as the Defense Calculator
while in development, was announced to the
public on April 29, 1952, and was IBM’s first
commercial scientific computer
APR 7, 1964
IBM introduces the System/360
While a technical marvel, the main feature of
this machine is business oriented ... IBM
guarantees the "upward compatibility" of the
system, reducing the risk that a business would
invest in outdated technology.
OCT 29, 1969
Internet Invented
Arpanet was the first real network to run on
packet switching technology (new at the time).
On the October 29, 1969, computers at Stanford
and UCLA connected for the first time. In effect,
they were the first hosts on what would one day
become the Internet.
MAY 1, 1970
Harvard, MIT & BBN Logon
An Arpanet network was established between
Harvard, MIT, and BBN (the company that
created the "interface message processor"
computers used to connect to the network) in
1970.
FEB 1, 1971
Books & Documents Appear in the Public
Domain - Internet
Project Gutenberg is when they tried to create
and store books and documents in the public
domain available electronically, for free, in
various eBook and electronic formats.
Michael Hart gained access to a large block of
computing time and envisaged that the future of
computers wasn’t in computing itself, but in the
storage, retrieval and searching of information.
JUL 1, 1971
Email Invented
Email was developed by Ray Tomlinson, who
also made the decision to use the "@" symbol
to separate the user name from the computer
name (which later on became the domain
name).
JUN 1, 1972
Xerox introduces the mouse
Bill English, builder of Engelbart's original
mouse, invented the ball mouse in 1972 while
working for Xerox PARC
JAN 31, 1975
The First Email Client - Internet
With the popularity of emailing, the first modern
email program was developed by John Vittal, a
programmer at the University of Southern
California. The biggest technological advance
this program was the addition of "Reply" and
"Forward" functionality.
SEP 1, 1975
The first personal computer is marketed in kit
form
The Altair features 256 bytes of memory. Bill
Gates, with others, writes a BASIC compiler for
the machine. The next year Apple begins to
market PC's, also in kit form. It includes a
monitor and keyboard.
SEP 19, 1975
First Laptop
The IBM SCAMP project (Special Computer
APL Machine Portable), was demonstrated in
1973. This prototype was based on the PALM
processor (Put All Logic In Microcode). The IBM
5100, the first commercially available portable
computer, appeared in September 1975, and
was based on the SCAMP prototype
APR
10, 1976
The First Royal Email is Sent
We know that the email 1978 is also the year that brought the first
announced that the Royal unsolicited commercial email message (later
Signals and Radar known as spam), sent out to 600 California
Establishment in Malvern Arpanet users by Gary Thuerk.
was on the Arpanet
system, and was made
from that base, but
nothing about the actual
wording.

MAY 1, 1977
Stores begin to sell PC's
But they are very very expensive! Companies
strive to reduce the size and price of PC's while
increasing capacity. Entering the fray, IBM
introduces it's PC in 1981(it's actually IBM's
second attempt, but the first failed miserably).
Time selects the computer as its Man of the
Year in 1982. Tron, a computer-generated
special effects extravaganza is released the
same year.
NOV 23, 1981
BBC Computer
The BBC Microcomputer System, or BBC Micro,
was a series of microcomputers and associated
peripherals designed and built by Acorn
Computers for the BBC Computer Literacy
Project, operated by the British Broadcasting
Corporation. Designed with an emphasis on
education it was notable for its ruggedness,
expandability and the quality of its operating
system. We had this computer at Denby Free in
the Reception Classroom in 2000.

NOV 23, 1977

The First PC Modem - Internet
1977 was a big year for the development of the
Internet as we know it today. It’s the year the
first PC modem, developed by Dennis Hayes
and Dale Heatherington, was introduced and
initially sold to computer geeks!
JAN 31, 1984
The Domain Name System was Created
Along with the first Domain Name Servers
(DNS). The domain name system was important
in that it made addresses on the Internet more
human-friendly compared to its numerical IP
address counterparts. DNS servers allowed
Internet users to type in an easy-to-remember
domain name and then converted it to the IP
address automatically.

NOV 23,
1987
AUG 2, 1978
The Internet Grows
SPAM Emailed - Internet
By 1987, there were nearly 30,000 hosts on the 1990 also brought about the first commercial
Internet. The original Arpanet protocol had been dial-up Internet provider, The World.
limited to 1,000 hosts, but the adoption of the
TCP/IP standard made larger numbers of hosts
possible.

MAY 23, 1991

First Webcam - Internet
One of the more interesting developments of
this era, though, was the first webcam. It was
deployed at a
Cambridge University
MAR 1, 1988 computer lab, and its
First Major Internet Virus sole purpose was to
One of the first major Internet worms was monitor a particular
released in 1988. Referred to as "The Morris coffee maker so that
Worm", it was written by Robert Tappan Morris lab users could avoid
and caused major interruptions across large wasted trips to an
parts of the Internet. empty coffee pot.

MAR 1, 1989
Proposal for the World Wide Web
written by Tim Berners-Lee. It was originally
published in the March issue of MacWorld, and
then redistributed in May 1990. It was originally
called "Mesh"; the term "World Wide Web" was
coined while Berners-Lee was writing the code
in 1990.
JUL 1, 1995
Internet Shopping - Yeah!
First, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encryption
was developed by Netscape, making it safer to
conduct financial transactions (like credit card
payments) online.
In addition, two major online businesses got
their start the same year. In addition, two major
online businesses got their start the same year.
The first sale on "Echo Bay" was made that
year. Echo Bay later became eBay.
Amazon.com also started in 1995, though it
didn’t turn a profit for six years, until 2001.

AUG 31, 1990 JUL 23, 1996

First Commercial Dial-Up Internet Access Hotmail Launched - Internet
Hotmail became the first web-based email Coined by Darcy DiNucci, the term "Web 2.0",
service. referring to taking part in the internet, blogging,
chatting and social networking, as opposed to
just looking at websites.

SEP 4, 1998
Google Launched - Internet
Google search engine launched.

OCT 9, 2004
Social Networking - Internet
The term "social media", believed to be first
used by Chris Sharpley, was coined in the same
year that "Web 2.0" became a mainstream
concept. Social media–sites and web
applications that allow its users to create and
MAY 17, 1999 share content and to connect with one another–
SETI@home project - Internet started around this period.
1999 is the year when one of the more
interesting projects ever brought online: the
SETI@home project, launched. The project has
created the equivalent of a giant supercomputer
by harnessing the computing power of more
than 3 million computers worldwide, using their
processors whenever the screensaver comes
on, indicating that the computer is idle. The
program analyzes radio telescope data to look
for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence.

FEB 23, 2005

YouTube Launched -
Internet
JAN 10, 2001 YouTube launched in 2005,
Wikipedia Launched bringing free online video hosting and sharing to
Wikipedia launched in 2001, the masses.
one of the websites that
paved the way for collective NOV 23, 2007
web content Mobile Internet Access
generation/social media. The biggest
innovation of 2007
was almost
certainly the
iPhone, which was
almost wholly
responsible for
renewed interest in
OCT 7, 2004 mobile web applications and design.
Web 2.0 Arrives - Internet