1/47 T.Biomdeules Classification of biomolecules: @) Lipids (2) Carbshydrates (3) Froteins * (4) Nudeic odds A. Lipids Lipids — water-insgluble substances that can be extracted from cells by nonpolar organic solvents. ‘Types of lipids: () Fats (D Steroids (3) Terpenes 4, Fats — mest aburdant lipid present in an organism. ~ man censtitvent of the adipocytes (al far fat Storage) in animals and plants. = one cf the impertant fod reserves of an organism. = refered fr as oilS when thy are in te liquid state. = abo called "sil" f they are extracted from plant and "fats" if theyare obtained from an anwmal. = esters derived from glycerol and fatty auds. = other names: triacyiglycenols (TAGs) ‘triacylglycerides triglycerides (TG 5) ahycerides. Sterage of fatty adds (vio esterificahon): 9 CoH COOH Cheo-e- Cho 4° ROH ==> cH-o-C-R’ buon "Coon J Louie Glycerol Fatty acids Fat Criaeylglycere) ® cis-Unsaturation of the acid chains of o fat lowers its melting pant. AS. Balingit Saponification (hydrlysis of fats): {eae t ee hy co RCC" Nat eee tv + { RC0O"Nat IF ane con | RYGOOTNat i oe (eum cyl) Hard soap = sadium carboxylate, Soft sap = potassium carboxylate, Micelles ~ spherical clusters of hundreds of soap molecules, Hydeophabic Sipochiic end i (nonpolar) (polar) =a a gu A micene ‘Amghipathic ~ characteristic of a molecule. with hydrophilic and lipophilic ends. Unsatwated fat —p loner mp. — liquid —> cheaper Satuated fat => higher mp. —» solid —> more Chydragenated fat) ety Hacdening ~ industrial hydrogenation of unsaturated ie Ha in Ni 175-190°C 20-40 psi Unssturated fat (2) Saturated fat (5) # A hydrogenated fat becomes rancid much less readily than does @ non-hydragenated fat