Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Magazine
Scientific news on advanced propulsion systems for aerospace industry and new energy technologies
Issue #1 (20) 2005
CONTENTS
• Vortex heatgenerators. Yu.S. Potapov, Russia 2
• Methods of hydroelectric blow and cavitation conversion into heat and other types of energy,
V. D. Dudyshev, Russia 4
• Energy saving, D. Dudyshev, Russia 17
• Methods of electric energy getting from natural atmospheric electricity, V. D. Dudyshev, Russia 18
• New methods of extraction and use of selfenergy of matter, V. D. Dudyshev, Russia 19
• Revolutionary discoveries, inventions and technologies designed by Professor Dudyshev,
V.D. Dudyshev, Russia 26
• News from Integrity Research Institute, Thomas Valone, USA 30
• Fourdimensional resonance, A.V.Frolov, Russia 40
• MultiRotor Homopolar Device, S. Godin and V. Roschin, Russia 45
• Akoil company products, Russia 48
• Environ Energy Company 52
• Halfton levitating ring is key to work, MIT, Columbia begin new energy experiment 53
• Perendev Magnetic Motor update 54
• Thermolevitation, S.A. Gerasimov, Russia 55
• Remote influence of rotating objects on semiconductor gammaray detector, I.A.Melnik, Russia 58
• The Bowman permanent magnet motor, Eric Vogels, Denmark 70
• Possible electric propulsion Systems for flying triangles, R.Alexander, A.Whaley, UK 75
• Bioelectromagnetics program 78
• Energy inventions advocated by Integrity Research Institute 79
• An etherbased engine as the best way of space sailing, G.P.Ivanov, Russia 81
• The Evolution of Lifter Technology, T.Ventura, USA 84
Information reported in New Energy Technologies magazine is not necessary endorsed by the publisher or staff.
In many cases information received cannot be verified, though we try to report the news as accurately as possible.
Mankind knows about vortex motion for heatgenerators were designed to heat water to
thousands years but practical use of gas and + 55 С and higher during one circle (Fig. 1).
water vortex streams began not long ago. One
of the tendencies is using air and gas vortex In new vortex heatgenerators, a few hundred
streams for heat and cold generation in vortex vortex streams were generated simultaneously
Ranke tubes. An incoming gas stream is divided providing for more intense water heating. In
into a cold stream (app. 40%) and a hot one laboratory environment, temperature of a
(app. 60%) but no reliable theory of this process special liquid has reached + 500 С allowing
exists so far. As water is a low compression liquid steam generation using small amount of energy.
comparing with air, it has not been actually used
in vortex tubes and the theory of vortex
processes in liquid has not existed. First
attempts to generate a vortex liquid stream in a
tube were made in the USA by Koanda
academician in the thirties in order to find out
life origin on Earth. These experiments have
shown that the vortex stream in liquid has
considerable amount of energy and can generate
static electric high stress. This data allowed
suggesting that vortex liquid stream in a closed
vessel should be heated. In order to test this, a
vortex heatgenerator was made. It consists of a
cyclone, a tube, and a hydraulic brake. The
vortex heatgenerator was located in the closed Fig. 1.
vessel with an electric pump. The electric pump
has reached water height up to 80 m.
Testing of this water heating system shown that The vortex heatgenerator uses any types of
current strength of the electric engine does not liquid as a heat carrier including antifreeze.
change along with water temperature rising up Vortex process in liquid is used as heat energy
to + 60 С. After + 60 Сtemperature is reached, source. It is formed between quickly rotating
current consumption volume decreases almost rotor and stator. Rotor and stator have many
by two times. This effect can be easily explained sells where water is pressed and expanded. In
by the schedule of water viscosity according to order to rotate rotor, various engines are used
heating temperature. Thus, with temperature including electric and diesel ones. During
higher than + 60 С, the heatgenerator works rotor’s rotation, from 500000 to 1,500,000
the most efficiently. Amount of electric energy vortexes and passing water with temperature
consumed by the pump’s electric engine can be +15 С is heated up to + 100 С during one circle.
lowered by directing a vaporgas mixture, which There is no need to spend money for building
exits the vortex heatgenerator, to enter of the and repair heat pipes. Cabling costs 10 times less
electric pump. An attempt to get the needed than piping. Electric cable’s use costs 25 times
temperature (+55 С) at vortex heatgenerator’s less comparing with expenses for maintenance
exit, however, was not successful. New vortex and repair of heat pipes.
2
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Threeyears experience of use of the vortex “Heat generation method”. Invention priority
heatgenerator with 75kilowatt electric from May 18, 2000. Registered in Bul. #7 from
engine’s power has shown that heating of 1 м2 July 15, 2002.
costs less per year than heating of 1 м 2 by 4. Yu.S. Potapov. Patent application of the
electric boilers. For example, a hothouse farm Russian Federation # 2003133221 “Method and
“Zavialovskiy” in Udmurtia set the vortex Device for Heat Energy Generation”. Invention
heatgenerator with a 15kilowatt power electric priority from November 14, 2003
engine in order to heat a diningroom sized 1910 5. Yu.S. Potapov etc. Application РСТ W001/
m3, ~ 636 m2. Tests were carried out in February 96793 A1 from December 20, 2002 “Method of
at temperature from – 5 to 15 С. Actual electric Heat Generation”.
energy consumption during this month was 6. Yu.S. Potapov etc. Patent of Ukraine # 38030
only 3 kilowatt per hour. Pilot units were “Method of Reactive Traction Generation for
installed. They are successfully working in Spacecrafts”. Registered in Bul. #4 from May
many farms and companies; more than thousand 15, 2001.
of new vortex heatgenerators are used. 7. Yu.S. Potapov, S.Yu. Potapov. “Energy from
Water and Air for Agriculture and Industry”.
As a rule, all customers point to environment K. 1999, 87 p.
friendly heat energy generation, simple design 8. Yu.S. Potapov, L.P. Fominskiy. “Vortex
and high efficiency of the new method of heat Energy Systems and Cold Fusion According to
generation in comparison with traditional Rotation Theory”. K. 2000, 387 p.
heating methods. The vortex heatgenerator uses 9. Yu.S. Potapov, S.Yu. Potapov, L.P. Fominskiy.
synergy effect consisting of three known “Rotation Enery”. K. 2001, 383 p.
physical processes. Water is heated by friction, 10. V.A. Atsjukovskiy. “Energy Around Us”. M.
cavitation and combination of water molecules Energoatomizdat. 2002, 93 p.
in clusters during rotation. Each process taken
separately does not give the needed effect and
water heating speed. This heating method is a
high molecular technology.
References
3
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
METHODS OF HYDROELECTRIC BLOW AND
CAVITATION CONVERSION INTO HEAT
AND OTHER TYPES OF ENERGY
V. D. Dudyshev, Samara, Russia
ecolog@samaramail.ru
http://www.valery12.narod.ru/index1.htm
This article is dedicated to analysis and researchers, there are cavitation generators
substantiation of a new available trend of power having exergy coefficient more than 1 [36].
engineering based on a concept which allows
generating cheap heat, mechanical and electric A design of a no fuel device for heat energy
energy using hydroelectric Yutkin effect and generation using cavitation effect is simple. The
cavitation. New original effective no fuel device (Fig. 1) consists of electromotor, pump,
electrohydrodynamic turbines, motors, pumps, piping, which forms closed contour of heat
heatgenerators and electrogenerators using supply, cavitator (Laval nozzle), adding device.
minimal quantity of electric energy are presented.
They use selfenergy of liquids, air and energy
of environment. Using these devices will lead to
abrupt reduction of cost of heat, mechanical and
electric energy generating technologies. This will
allow improving and simplifying the existing
heatpower devices and motors for all types of
transport. The technologies are patented.
4
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
pressure is at the cavitator’s entrance, the Hydroelectric blow effect (HEB) takes place in
stronger cavitation is, the more heat is released, liquids, for example, in water, during electric
and the more effective heatgenerator. discharge. HEB is an electric explosion in liquid
accompanied by almost immediate energy
Cavitation effect in the tube can be produced generation at the given point [1]. Quantity and
in different ways though the better one is an speed of kinetic and heat energy generated in
advanced Laval nozzle. the electric discharge zone depends on many
things including characteristics of electric
The point is that, unlike other types of discharge and liquid. Compression wave, which
cavitators, such nozzle never get blind, even appears during intense liquid’s evaporation in
there are mechanical particles in the flow. In the discharge zone and steam expansion in
order to heat the liquid for cavitation, an electricarc space, can be caused by both single
electric pump with power corresponding to heat strong pulse electric discharges between
generated is necessary. electrodes placed in liquid and a consistent
series of impulses. Electric charge power can be
Another essential disadvantage of these truly increased due to electric energy store.
progressive heat energy cavitation devices is
pump rotor, which reduces reliability and
efficiency factor of the device and also causes KNOWN APPLICATIONS OF HEE
difficulties during exploitation and YUTKIN EFFECT
maintenance, particularly, during sealingin of
the construction. This effect is widely adopted in industry [1].
A brief answer is that it is necessary to use It can be used, for example, by heatpower
skillfully and simultaneously Yutkin effect and engineering for noncontact generation of cheap
cavitation one. We will describe the working heat energy, for designing of new economical no
principle and design of these cavitation fuel motor for all types of transport. It will be
generators of new generation below. First, we described later.
have to remember what electrodynamic Yutkin
effect is. Methods of HEB energy conversion into
other types of energy
Physical characteristics of hydroelectric
Yutkin effect This effect can be implemented by the following
measures:
This abnormal effect was discovered by a
Russian engineer Yutkin L.A. [1] а) no fuel cheap heat energy generation
5
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
United usage of HEB effect and cavitation will Methods to control power, pressure and
allow generating cheap heat energy from strength of electrohydrodynamic blow and
internal liquid energy. The simplest design and usage of electrohydrodynamic converters
working principles of the cavitation HEBheat
generator are shown on Fig. 2. How can we effectively control characteristics
of electrohydrodynamic blow and processes of
The device was tested on a model in laboratory conversion into other energy types? On our
conditions. opinion, it can be easily done [7].
Effective waste treatment can be carried out Let’s look at some of the simplest types of such
using this original electric hydrosystem. Due to generators (Fig 2,3).
cavitation, particles split in liquid flow and
liquid is decontaminated. Adding vortex Constructions of electric blow cavitation
separator, it is possible to remove and convert heatgenerators. (Fig. 2,3)
contaminations, for example, to move
hydrocarbon from water to fuel gas. Let’s look Using a cheap noncontact
at these conversion methods using HEB effect. electrohydrodynamic pump based on Yutkin
6
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
effect allows complete improvement and following. Liquid is heated due to cavitation
simplifying cavitation heatgenerator because it caused by electric discharges and following
doesn’t include electric motor al all. Thus new hydroelectric blows. Due to repeating electric
simplest noncontact effective heatgenerator discharges, the plasmic zone 15 forms between
using fixed and repeated shortterm electric two electrodes and then, practically
discharge taken place in liquid is shown on momentarily, a high pressure gasvapor cavity
Fig.2. forms, which has much more energy than energy
used for discharges. Vapor pressure energy and
chemical energy of H2 power gas, generated
during process of electric lightning and
electrohydrodynamic blow, cause high pressure
waves in liquid and intensive heating by
cavitation and H2 vapor gas burning. As each
impulse electric discharge leads to a new H2
vapor cavity formation, H2 burns, a new blow
and a new wave follows. As this wave moves,
strong cavitation takes place on perforated
cavitators 8, 9. Due to intense cavitation
bubbles’ splitting and H2 vapor gas burning,
considerable amount of heat is generated in
liquid. Cavitation is more intense in this method
than in rotor and vortex heat generators while
the quantity of electric energy spent is the same.
The heat generator controls heat generation
Fig. 2. Flow block of noncontact CHG
intensity by frequency, amplitude and length of
1 waterproof capacity with liquid 2; 3 air cavity; voltage impulses. The generator can also run
4,5 electrodes; 6,7 electric insulator; 8,9 cavitators; continuously. With use of this heating method,
10 store electric capacity; 11 pressure transformer;
12 primary electric energy supply; 13 system of electric energy effectiveness and heat generation
discharges’ frequency and amplitude control; 14 temperature intensity depends both on electric discharges’
and pressure sensing device; 15 electric discharge zone;
16 zone of liquid evaporation
characteristics, liquid’s characteristics and a
design of the impulse heat generator [2].
7
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
sign of electrodes 1, 3 should be implemented
by voltage sign switching from the electric
energy source.
SIMPLEST
ELECTROHYDROCAVITATION
HEATGENERATOR
8
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
There are simpler economical methods of cheap especially in winter. In case a part of falling
heat generation, for instance, ones based on a water will be transformed by cavitation nozzles,
combination of cavitation effect and we can get directly cavitation heat at HEP
gravitation. They are described below. stations because it is possible to get 1.5 / 0.84 /
0.6 = 2.8 kilojoules of heat for each kilo joule of
the falling stream’s kinetic energy!
SIMPLEST CAVITATION
GRAVITATION Taking into account that cavitator is cheaper
HEATHYDROGENERATORS than turbogenerator, it becomes clear that such
heatgenerators are very profitable.
Having an initial liquid flow, it is easier to get
heat. Cavitationstream
microheatelectrogenerator
9
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
have dozens kilowatt of heat power. That’s why
it can be used even for autonomous heat and
electric energy supply of a small cottage.
10
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Economical turboprop EHD engines and 6 and a rotational axis 7. Fixed reverse blades
combined turbine EHD motorgenerators repellers 8,9,10 etc. are located on the inner
by Dudyshev (Fig. 6) surface of the processing cylinder (there are 6
bladesrepellers on Fig. 6). They are electrically
Using Yutkin effect, it is possible to design no attached to a high voltage block of controlled
fuel vortex or straight flow jet propellerpump voltage 14 by electric insulators 1113. The
on basis of a new electrohydraulic turbine. We block 14 is attached to an autonomous energy
suggest that, first, EHDblow energy is source (a storage battery) 15 and an electric
transformed into cycle changing of liquid store – condenser C, while it is connected to a
pressure in the cylinder 1, in order to rotate an controlling device 16 by the control circuit of
electrowater pump, then, generate a constant the block 12.
(pulse) unidirectional speed liquid flow through
a hollow tube located under the bottom of this Sensors can be attached to the controlling
unusual water transport. Correspondingly, it is device 16, for example, a sensor 17 of the turbine
possible to design a device for transmission of rotation frequency or liquid temperature. The
liquids on basis of this original pump. The shaft 6 is electrically earthed. Turbine blades
turbine rotates by alternate electric discharges 3,4,5 and repellers’ blades 810 have a running
from electrodes located on waterturbine blades. clearance at convergence points, which allows
They cause electrohydraulic cyclic blows of the turbine rotates feely.
liquid directed at an original electrohydraulic
Dudyshev propeller. Design types of the Processing principles of the device are based on
economical electrohydrodynamic watermotor generating of cycling waves of liquid pressure
are described below. Such method is more caused by EHDeffect directed at the turbine
universal, having more wide scope: along with blades. Due to high voltage electric potential
electro impulse turboprop flow in liquid, it is fed on motionless repellers’blades 810, an
possible to generate electric energy combining electric discharge occurs in liquid, in extreme
a turbine and an electric machine. This original positions between the blades.
device can be also used as a pump. Electrohydrodynamic blow is transferred to the
turbine blades and makes the turbine rotate.
Pressure and effective capacity of this
economical electric discharge turbine depends
on power and length of the discharge. In case
the hollow cylindrical chamber is used, the
device is a water propellerpump of new
generation. It can be used at water transport and
for transmission of liquids in trunk pipelines.
The device can also be an economical cavitation
heatgenerator, due to cavitators 18 fastened to
the cylinder 1 by strong perforated diaphragms
(they are shown on Fig. 5 at crosssection of the
turbine by small squares). Top speed of the
turbine is conditioned by design and liquid
characteristics.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
Fig . 6. Combined electrohydroturbine – heatgenerator THE DEVICE
11
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
be protected by rational use of alternating high cone hollow chamber with nozzles 3,4 and an
voltage with frequency, which considerably electric discharge chamber 2 containing a
exceeds rotation frequency of the turbine. In central axial electrode 5 injected through an
order to maintain top rotation speed matching electric insulator 6 and a second ring electrode
with operating speed of standard 7.
electrogenerators, magnetic bearers and
magnetic reducers should be used [8]. The same A constant ring magnet 11 is located outside
energy efficient process is a basis for designing the electric discharge chamber. The centre
of a no fuel jet turbine engine, which can be used electrode 5 is electrically connected with a
in aviation. Due to cyclic electro gas dynamic reverse transformer of repeated stress 8.
airblasts in a hollow chamber, effective rotation Characteristics of electric arc can be controlled
of a high speed air turbine can be obtained using by a controlling device 10 attached to a block
heat and molecular air expansion. The engine 8, which works using an autonomous energy
can be used in atmosphere as well as in aviation source 9. It should be mentioned that the
or space propulsion engines of low and medium magnet 11 is oriented by its poles according to
speed. the ring electrode 7. Thus, its flux is
perpendicular to the electric arc 12. Due to this,
Straight flow no fuel EHD Dudyshev jets effect of electric arc rotation takes place at the
perimeter of the ring electrode 7. A magnetic
Yutkin effect can be used for straight flow field for the electric arc’s rotation can be
noncontact no fuel EHD jets using straight generated in the plane, which is perpendicular
liquid flow without any turbine. Such electro to the ring electrode’s plane, by a special
hydro jets are available for waterjet propellers solenoid in a nonmagnetic waterproof body (it
of new generation used in water or air transport is not shown on Fig. 7). The principle of the
as well as pumps (Fig. 7). electric arc’s rotation was explained earlier by
the example of vortex EHD heatgenerator and
shown on Fig. 3. The device contains movable
diaphragms 13, in order to generate repulse and
control the liquid flow, and store electrodes 14
attached to an autonomous electrical load 15.
Let’s discuss how this jet works.
12
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
influences the body 1. As a result, the vessel
moves using a reactive liquid flow 16 at speed
V. According to the third Newton's law, the air
blast deflects from the repellers 13 and the body
of the cone nozzle. This improves the reactive
propulsion. Thus, EHDblow energy can be
right away transformed into the reactive liquid
flow, i.e. no fuel electric water jet propeller or
new noncontact EHDpump can be designed.
Maximal reactive propulsion of vortex liquid
stream in the cone leadout nozzle is the most
effective in case the electric arc rotates in the
constant magnetic field under the influence of
Ampere’s force. In case this device is used in sea
water, it also can generate electric energy using
magnetic hydrodynamic generator. The device Fig. 8. Соmbined cavitation heat turbo electro generator
is supplemented with a system of charge store 1 – EHD pump; 2 – electric discharge chamber of EHD pump;
electrodes 14 located at nozzles’ sides. Part of 3,4 cones; 5,6 – electrodes (one of them can be ring);
7,8 – electric insulators; 9,10 – reactive turbines;
this energy is used for the autonomous electric 11,12 – vortex helixes with tangential leadins; 13 – zone of
load 15 or recharging of the autonomous source electric arc and high pressure vapor; 1517 pipes; 18 – block
9. As a result, the device can work completely of high controlled voltage (BHCV); 19 – controlling system
for BHCV (using voltage frequency and amplitude);
autonomously. 20 – primary electric energy source (storage battery);
2123 – electro mechanical generators; 24 – electric load at
Other designs of the straight flow EHD motor leadouts of electric generators; 25 – liquid temperature
sensor; 26,27 cavitators (perforated discs); 28 – axle of
combined with cavitators are possible. Such turbine and generator (arrow shows direction of rotation of
cavitator is shown in squares on Pos. 4, Fig. 7. axle); 29 – central water helix with two entrances; 30 – water
The suggested types of the original no fuel turbine; 31 – central cavitator
straight flow reactive EHDmotor use small
quantity of energy for hydraulic pressure generator (Fig. 8) or in a combined hydro turbo
generation. Due to this, they can move water electro generator with constant magnets (Fig.
transport, for example, a ship, without any fuel. 9, 10). Each design has its own merits and
They can be also used as noncontact pumps in demerits, but they all use electric discharge
water and oil pipes. chambers and airblasts, i.e. EHD Yutkin effect.
In order to generate heat energy, cavitators –
The same economical type of reactive perforated plates are used. All the designs are
movement, due to electro gas dynamical burst important steps in searching the optimal system
and air expansion, is possible in atmosphere design of economical heat generator using
using the new type of motor. It can be used in Yutkin effect. All design elements are described
aviation as well as for space propulsion engines below the figures. As it was mentioned above,
of second and third stages, low and medium in case the electrohydraulic turbine and the
power used for orbiting sputniks. standard electro generator are combined at one
shaft, a unique possibility to generate
simultaneously mechanical, electric and heat
USING YUTKING EFFECT FOR energy appears. This design allows generation
SIMULTENEOUS GENERATION OF of electric and heat energy with better efficiency
KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATION, than it was in the previous methods [3, 6], due
HEAT AND ELECTRIC ENERGY to removal of the bulk electro motor of the
pump. In this case, the electric discharge turbine
Unique EHD effect combined with the other acts as pump. Main advantages of this new
effects (cavitation, electromagnetic induction, method of heat and electric energy production
vortex effects etc.) can be used in any kind of based on EHDdevice are autonomous work,
autonomous energy system, for instance, for ecological cleanness, safety, simplicity and
rotation of highspeed turbine with electro efficiency. Design of the combined magnetic
13
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
electro hydro dynamic turbo generator (Fig. 8) water motor’s piston, but also electric energy
includes vortex helixlike elements, which from water. We suggest using liquid vapor as
intensify cavitation processes and heat fuel for motors of new generation. Heat and
generation in liquid allowing using standard electric energy and overpressure caused by
electro generators. A common advantage of the electric heat burst of water vapor (mist) is
designs is that they have separate electric fantastic but real!
discharge chambers 18 moved from a hydro
turbine chamber. This improves their reliability It is known that fine air slurry of motes or cotton
and durability. particles, having certain concentration, tend to
burst in the presence of spark.
In a device on Figure 8, the electric discharge
chamber 2 of the EHD pump 1 is located in a The reason is that speed chain reactions of
special strengthened cylinder and connected by ionization and burning occur and quickly
cones with two vortex helixes 11, 12. develop. A small electric spark can cause a burst.
Effect of fine aerosol’s burst is already used but
In a combined device on Figure 9, the electric not for good purposes, although this effect can
discharge chamber of the EHD pump 18 is be used effectively, for example, in no fuel
located in a tangential arm of the helix 1. motors of new generation.
Only in a design shown on Figure 10, the Technology of vapor transformation into
electric discharge chamber of the EHD pump burning H2fuel
is combined with a cavity 2 of the hydro turbine.
In this case, the inner surface of the cylinder 1 Method of vapor transformation into H2 fuel
is the first electrode while the second one is represents electric arc dissociation of vapor into
strengthened turbine blades 3, 4. As a result, the Н 2 and О 2 using EHDeffect. It allows
electric arc rotates with the turbine blades, generation of heat, electrical and mechanical
which allows reducing corrosion deterioration energy from abnormal energy of electric arc
of the electrodes and getting maximal cavitation burst of water vapor. The effect can be used in
and heat generation in liquid in the tree designs my original electricburst steamer working on
of the device (Fig. 810). water (according to EHD design on Fig. 4). Do
you believe this? If no, learn the suggested
This is the simplest and highspeed electric technology.
discharge turbine, which allows generation of
maximal power using the device of minimal size. Steam burning is carried out using electric
discharge dissociation. During this process,
local volume of cheap Н 2 is generated from
HOW TO BURN A NONFLAMMABLE steam and right away burned. Н2 contains gas
FLUID, FOR EXAMPLE, WATER AND fuel. So, I suggest transforming heat losses of
ITS VAPOR? the standard petrol engine into yield, i.e.
ELECTROHYDRAULIC BURST OF evaporating water and then burning steam.
WATER VAPOR
USED AS FUEL IN BOILERS AND The following simple operations should be
MOTORS OF NEW GENERATION carried out:
The idea of using EHD blow in liquid and then а) due to heating and evaporating by discharge
transforming the generated selfenergy into manifold, water steam (or waterfuel) of high
other types of energy can be improved and used pressure is obtained;
for phases of liquid, for instance, for pulse EHD
dissociation of water vapor into H2 fuel gas. This b) this overheated steam is given a little at a
is described below. time in the special electric discharge burst
chamber, for instance, in the combustion
The method suggested is undoubtedly available. chamber of the ordinary internalcombustion
It allows generation of not merely pressure on engine;
14
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Fig. 9. Combined electro hydro turbine – heat generator with
EHD pump set on tangential entrance of water helix
Fig. 10. Combined electric discharge hydro turbo heat
1 hollow chamber (cylinder or helix); 2 tangential entrance generator
to camera; 3 blades of external turbine; 4 blades of internal
turbine; 5 common hub of turbines; 6 connecting cone; 1 body of electric discharge turbine; 2 liquid (water);
7 pipes; 8 reflection cone with cavitator (dotted line); 3,4 turbine blades; 5,6 constant magnets; 7 spoke where
9 constant magnets; 10 inductive winding (three phases magnets are attached to rotation axis; 8 hub; 9 connecting
located in chamber body 1 with 120shear); 11 electric loads cone; 10 perforated cavitator; 11 tangential nipple;
(attached to phase windings, forming a star); 12 cavitator 12 radiator; 13 connecting tubes; 14 cylindrical
perforator of large diameter; 13 cavitatorperforator of small framework of winding; 15 inductive winding; 16 electric
diameter; 14 electrodes (one of them can be ring, like on load; 17 controlled voltage source; 18 zone of electric
Fig. 7); 15 controlled voltage source with store; discharge and high pressure; 19 earthing
16 zone of electric arc and high pressure vapor;
17 earthing; 18 EHD pump
d) in the electric discharge zone, in some part i) burning steam is passed through an exit
of steam, an initial sparking portion of Н2 is manifold to electric discharge chambers again,
generated during the discharge, due to steam inflamed by electric discharges. So, the process
molecules dissociation into Н2 and О2 molecules repeats: water transforms into steam, it is burst
and particularly into atomic parts of Н2 and О2; by electrical discharge, and then it is condensed,
heated and burst again. Thus, this type of motor
e) along with electrical arc appearance, has no exit exhaust.
hydrogen almost instantaneously bursts in the
spark zone and raise temperature in the starting
zone of steam burning; ENERGY GENERATED DURING EHD
BLOW OF WATER STEAM
f) local volume of this portion of steam begins
to burn intensely, because burning Н2 hastens This method allows generation of electric
the process; energy from burning water steam during
electric burst dissociation, in case deflecting
g) as a result of avalanche rise of the process of field is set at the chamber’s sides (constant
steam transformation into burning gas, all steam magnets or electrets). These fields will deflect
volume transforms into Н2 and О2 and initiates ionized particles and electrons generated during
the strong or faint bursts of water steam chain reactions of dissociating electrified steam,
according to characteristics of electric arc, especially during burstdissociation of water
steam and electric discharge chamber; steam.
15
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
It is necessary to deflect particles by electric and of energy, which is used in energy systems and
(or) magnetic fields during water steam burning transport.
and then precipitate, collect them on
electrically insulated electrodes from the The innovation was experimentally tested on a
electric discharge chamber. After that, these model from 1986 till 1989.
ionselectrons, electric energy carriers, should
be recombined by paying electric load located CONCLUSIONS
outside the processing chamber. Hence, ions and
electrons are transformed into electric energy, 1. It is shown that electrohydraulic Yutkin
like in a standard electric chemical energy effect is available for constructing effective heat
source. Steam dissociation process can be generators of new generation.
considerably intensified due to influence of 2. New straight flow and turboprop electro
source of ionizing ultrashortwave hydro (aero) reactive turbines, engines, pumps
electromagnetic radiation, for instance, with minimal consumption of electric energy
ultraviolet light from minimal quantity of are suggested.
radioactive elements located in the chamber. 3. EHDmethod for generating of cheap heat,
kinetic and electric energy and combined
devices for its implementing are suggested.
WHERE IS EXCESS ENERGY, 4. EHDmethod of water steam transformation
GENERATED DURIN ELECTRIC BURST into cheap gas fuel and devices are suggested
OF STEAM, FROM? including a standard internalcombustion
engine.
To sum up the idea of transforming steam into
fuel, let’s ask a simple question: where excess SUMMARY
energy comes from and why this process can be
repeated? EHDeffect opens new horizons and outlooks
for radical improvement of energy engineering
Apparently, the unusual electro steam device is and transport. New effective methods of cheap
an open energy system, i.e. a heat pump using heat, kinetic and electric energy generation
energy of environment and selfenergy. Water suggested. They are based on combined use of
steam’s structure contains selfenergy in its abnormal energy of cavitation and EHDeffects
cohesion and atoms. This selfenergy of steam and their transformation into other types of
as a nonlinear system is released cyclically by energy. In case these inventions will be realized
EHDdischarge and the following burst. Due as production prototypes and then produced,
to EHDburst of steam and steam the suggested devices can be used soon in
transformation into hydrogen gas burned by the various spheres of energy engineering to do
electric spark, the selfenergy of steam is world community and Nature good.
released gradually. This process of gas
transformation into fuel can be used in heat
energy systems. Of course, water solutions of LIST OF REFERENCES
worthless carbohydrates, for example, intestinal
discharge, can be efficiently used for 1. L.A. Yutkin. Electrohydraulic effect and its industrial use –
L., 1986.
transformation into energy by this method due 2. V.D. Dudyshev. Method of transformation of electrohydraulic
to methane gases released in the electric blow energy. Patent of the Russian Federation №2157893, 1997.
discharge zone. These gases will help to carry 3. Yu.S. Potapov, L.P. Fominskij. Vortex energy systems.
KishinevCherkassy, 2000, 387 p.
out thermo ionization of the steam burning 4. Yu.S. Potapov. Heat generator and its design. Patent of the
process. Russian Federation №2045715.
5. L.P. Fominskij. Superunit heat generators against Roman club
– Cherkassy, 2003, 432 p.
Conclusion for the chapter: A technical 6. I.M. Fedotkin, I.S. Gulyj. Cavitation and cavitation devices –
possibility to use EHDeffect exists. The Kiev, 1987, 840 p.
7. V.D. Dudyshev. Effect of unipolar chargeliquid mass transfer
method suggests transforming steam into new in impulse electric field and its use. – New Energy, 2/2004.
cheap fuel burned. Its selfenergy and heat 8. V.D. Dudyshev. Direct transformation of magnetic fields’
energy are transformed then into other types energy generated by constant magnets into other types of energy
New Energy, 3/2004.
16
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
ENERGY SAVING
(current cycling over loading phases by means
of the operated gates)
V. D. Dudyshev, Samara, Russia
ecolog@samaramail.ru
http://www.ntpo.com/invention/invention2/13.shtml
The cost of electric power is constantly growing, This method is technically carried out using
and the problem of energy saving is becoming semiconductor no contact highspeed circuit
urgent. breakers (thyristors or transistors), which are
operated at the command of the elements
Do we know how to use it rationally? I have sensing angle of shear between current and
certified and patented solutions which allow voltage in each phase of electric loading. This
saving up to 25 – 30% energy. They are based no contact, obedient “controller” of electric
on the concept of two types of electric power: power flow’s direction has rather simple logic.
active power, which works directly, and reactive
power, which forms magnetic field in various In case signs of voltage phase and current phase
inductive electrical devices (from solenoid are the same, a circuit passes through active
starters to transformers and inductive motors). electric power from power grid. In case the signs
Having phase lag, this reactive current just are different, the electric circuit “catches”
loads a current line according to paying load. reactive current in the required loading phase.
The current makes up from 10 to 50%, which is At the same time, the no contact “controller”
the energy saving reserve. allows accomplishing reducedcurrent start of
electric loading, reducing start currents’ rush,
There is a paradoxical and very important providing thermal protection and maximal
circumstance: the reactive currents’ sum per current protection of expensive electric
period amounts to zero in threephase circuits. equipment.
As a result, we can make a circuit for the reactive This simple commutator can also control either
current flow (reactive electric power flow) from active and reactive powers or one of them
one loading phase to another according to a depending on a working regime, for instance,
working cycle of the inductive loading and, depending on degree of motor axis’ loading. This
therefore, all reactive power will be get caught innovation will allow improving energy saving
in cycle. and reliability of electric equipment.
It won’t load uselessly the electric circuit: and This method of energy saving is the most
considerable energy saving will be obtained due effective in case of inductive loadings with low
to reduction of ohmic losses between an energy power coefficient, for example, in powerful
source and its customers caused by reactive inductive heating furnaces.
currents flow.
I am looking forward to find partners
I named this concept of energy saving “artificial and investors for application of my
circulation” of reactive power over inductive innovations to production.
loading phases.
17
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
METHOD OF ELECTRIC ENERGY
GETTING FROM NATURAL
ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY
V. D. Dudyshev, Samara, Russia
ecolog@samaramail.ru
http://www.ntpo.com/invention/invention2/13.shtml
Our civilization is seriously concerned by the The electric field and electric charge of the
imminent global energy and ecological crisis. In planet is created by the natural ionospheric
these circumstances, the fact that Nature magnetic gasdynamic generator, which works
generates abundant quantity of electricity using kinetic energy of moving solar plasma
sounds paradoxical. This electricity hangs within Earth’s magnetosphere. Its enormous
above us, in a literal sense. We only have to make power exceeds power of all world electric
the simplest rope devices and get the required stations many times. That’s why it is technically
quantity of electricity. You don’t believe me, do possible, ecologically safe (in comparison with
you? Then I will describe a new no fuel electric harm done by the traditional fuel power
energy source in details. systems) and extremely useful to use a small
part of electric power of the natural ionospheric
It is known that our planet has both electric generator with the help of the rope energy
charge and electric field. Its intensity is about device.
130 V/m at the surface. Electrical conduction
of surface air is very small but it considerably It consists of a thin cablerope, a holding device
increases along the height. There are powerful for the cable (an airship), two plates at the ends
flows of Earth atmosphere’s global circulation of the cable, a device for safe earthing of the
at 10 km height. These flows can hold an lower end of the cable into electroconductive
altitude sail or an airship joint with a surface earth stratum, a device for bonding and
mast by a strong electric rope. I suggest using controlling of rope’s height above Earth.
the electric field of the planet and its renewable
natural electricity (electrically charged Such simple no fuel electric station can
particles of nearEarth plasma) for energy permanently give electric power up to a number
getting. An electric circuit joint to an electric of megawatt depending on rope’s length, rope’s
loading can be easily made using a thin metal height above Earth, and square of plates. In
rope lifted by an airship at 1015 km height. A general, this cablerope is located in two
power of such nontraditional no fuel energy electroconductive Earth spheres within the
source measured in the surface electrical loading enormous electric potential of the natural
can be up to thousands megawatt. ionospheric generator. Understandably, it is
necessary to attach the low end of the rope to
Nature itself creates optimal conditions for the surface electric loading while the loading
usage of the natural electricity at such heights. should be safely earthed into electroconductive
The atmosphere electrical conduction is high earth sphere (which can be moist soil or a
there, so potential of a natural electric magnetic natural electrolyte, salt sea water) in order to
gasdynamic generator reaches hundreds make electric current run through the rope. I
kilovolt. think it would be the simplest way to earth
naturally the rope energy system in ocean or sea
Natural electricity is actually used by Nature because sea water is rather electroconductive.
and renewed by the natural electric generator. In order to improve power of the no fuel rope
18
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
electric station, charge plates, having electroconductive ozone sonde to
electroconductive square as big as possible, electroconductive earth sphere.
should be placed at the ends of the rope. The
upper plate should be attached to the Quantity of electric current and loading power
electroconductive (metal) surface of the airship depends on characteristics of the rope energy
while the lower plate should be earthed by system and loading characteristics. The power
special masts dug deeply in the ground. can be controlled by both loading
characteristics and characteristics of the rope
Actually, calculations show that the rope energy system, for example, by the rope’s height.
“flying” electric station can generate We should mention that, due to strong
considerable electric power (up to 500600 atmosphere circulation at this height, the rope
megawatt) without any fuel, in any place on energy system can be used both as a wind
Earth. Due to natural electric potential (up to electric set and as a source of mechanical
hundreds of kilovolt) extracted at the ends of movement at seas. In this case, the lower end of
the rope and due to tapping of some part of the rope is attached to a rostrum. Pulled by the
energy, electric current will run through the strong wind circulation, the airship will move
thin metal rope, which is electrically contacted ships and give free energy from the upper
with loading. The current is a result of natural atmosphere. All basic calculations and draft is
ionospheric condenser discharging from already done.
In order to learn how to effectively extract know this yet. Meaning of the most important
selfenergy from matter, first we have to know idea of “energy” is vague and its different
its meaning and extraction methods. This interpretations are rather contradictory. The
article is dedicated to these questions. A term “energy” appeared in the beginning of XIX
number of experimental discoveries and century and was introduced in mechanics by
author’s inventions in the field of Jung. Joule identified ideas of energy as type of
electrophysics are described. work and heat in his experiments. Then,
deformations and vagueness of this concept’s
Energy interpretation were increasing, especially since
quantum mechanics formation and discovery of
Today, according to explanatory dictionaries Xradiation and other types of radiation.
and encyclopedias energy is determined as Scientists still have no common opinion
ability of matter forms to perform work and concerning the meaning of energy: whether it
common measure of matter motion [15]. should be a property of mater to work or the
However, these definitions are not concrete work, or motion and force characteristics of
enough. They clear neither the essence of fields, or various types of emissions etc. Crisis
energy nor reasons of motion of all body parts. of the modern science and the civilization is
It is known by intuition that energy is a main mainly caused by domination of scientific
universal quality of motion of everything. But paradigm about power of law of conservation
what forces move all bodies and the world: from of energy (LCE) and unproved postulates of
matter particles to galaxies? Science does not thermodynamics.
19
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Meaning and application of law of because even the simplest matter particles
conservation of energy (electron and proton) are open energy systems.
In case we deny the mechanism of their energy
As everybody knows, the fundamental LCE is filling by this undiscovered energy of
right only for a closed energy system [16] environment, these matter particles violate the
though there are no such ideal systems in known law of conservation of energy and,
Nature. The reason of paradox connected with therefore, turn into continuously operating
understanding of these interrelated ideas machines of the first type. The simplest matter
(Energy and LCE) is that it is impossible to “bricks” are open energy systems and actually
understand the meaning of LCE while true use environment energy.
meaning of energy is vague. Contradictions in
interpretation of the idea of energy were stated Perhaps the energy of physical vacuum supply
above. The analogous contradictions are in electrons and protons with energy needed for
interpretation of the meaning of LCE their continuous motion. As a result, conditions
concerning some nonconventional power are maintained for existence and transformation
devices using abnormal energy resources. On of matters. In other words, a rightful hypothesis
the one hand, science based on the existing awry appears that it is vacuum energy that provides
and imperfect understanding of LCE denies the for existence of other energy types and the
opportunity to create a device with efficiency continuous round of matter in nature. Matter
more than 1 and any perpetual motion itself (field, matter) is an effective energy
machines. On the other hand, science stands transformer and accumulator of different types
theories and practice of different heat pumps of energy including energy of physical vacuum.
(HP), which obtain more energy from Under certain conditions, this latent selfenergy
environment than consume. of matters can be discovered, extracted and
used.
Since HPs are real, in order to adjust this
contradiction with law of conservation of Numerous scientific experiments prove that it
energy, a concept of exergy was introduced in is possible to generate excess energy from self
science as a coefficient of use of environment energy of matters and fields, for example,
energy. Hence, exergy ratio of the real HP is experiments of Tesla, Avramenko, Serla,
much more than 1 while its efficiency is less Kosinov, Floyd, Kanarev, Kushelev, Potapov
than 1. However, as science develops, number and many other experimentalists. Due to the
of amazing scientific experiments proving the fact of energy exchange between matters and
fact of violation of the classical law of energy fields as energy concentrators and environment,
conservation in open energy systems increases a fundamental opportunity to use and transform
[1,3]. their latent selfenergy in real energy used in
our real engineering exists. These ideas
Energy exchange between matters and constitute a physical basis of the new energy of
environment matters’ selfenergy extraction.
20
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
under certain conditions. Sometimes, during diminish. In order to force selfenergy of matter,
combustion or autodecomposition of active certain conditions must be created: phase
material, selfenergy comes off openly and can changes and other energy nonlinearities of
be measured and used. But how can we extract matter and gradient of external field in matter
even a minimal part of this enormous self must be used. Then, the external field will
energy by other ways? produce pressure on all elements of matter.
It is difficult to realize methods of effective use It is known that pressure is created by force,
of matters’ selfenergy in energy engineering which is generated by physical field. Hence,
due to ontological unsolved scientific problems internal pressure of matter, for example, liquid,
of energy exchange between matter and can be produced by external potential electrical
environment. Hence, the experimental method field. Heat, gravitation, mechanical, acoustic,
was chosen as the basis for research of effects electric, electromagnetic fields etc. are known.
and ways of extraction of matter’s selfenergy. Basically, any force field of certain parameters
allows extraction of selfenergy from matter.
Latent selfenergy of matter
Thus, energy pumps (EP) are fielddevices,
Latent selfenergy of matter is full kinetic “extractors” and transformers of latent self
energy of motion of all its elements and energy of matters. EPs can be classified as
potential energy of its structure, i.e. energy of natural and artificial. It is the natural EPs which
all intermolecular and intramolecular provide for energy and matter circulation in
physicochemical interactions of matter. In other nature [4].
words, this is entire potential and kinetic energy
of all matter’s elements (electrons, photons, We will give some examples of natural EPs.
atoms, molecules etc.). Quantity of selfenergy Such energy pumps are created and used in
of any matter including liquid is characterized living Nature for a long time. Earth is not only
by its mass. Latent selfenergy of any matter can a space figure of revolution but also a natural
be determined by the famous Einstein formula heat and energy device possessing its own
W=m c2 (1), where m is mass of matter and C is geomagnetical and geoelectric fields. Their
speed of light. For example, a bank of selfenergy combination provides for evaporation and
in 1 kg of water calculated according to the circulation of planet water and also global
formula (1) is approximately 9 х 1016 joule. It is circulation of ocean currents and atmosphere.
obvious that using even a small part of latent We will try to use inventions of Nature for
selfenergy of matters is an enormous energy creation of the same energy pumps.
reserve and the mainstream of development of
alternative energy engineering. Method of extraction of selfenergy of
matters by external potential field
21
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
The suggested method was tested by the author Measurements show that, under conditions of
experimentally. Some experimental data of flame combustion in electrical field, total heat
numerous experiments carried out by the and radiant energy of flame increases by 1520%
author is described below in order to prove using the same quantity of fuel, i.e. not only
marketability and efficiency of this method of combustion intensity but also heat capacity
extraction and transformation of MLSE. increases. This effect of specific heat increase
Concrete examples of experiments conducted by 1520% during combustion of these matters
by the author and their results are used. Peculiar in a flow of emission and in strong electric field
qualities of use and results of realization of this [24] is connected with presence of fuel and Н2
method in processes of new electricfire matter evaporated by electroosmosis, which provides
consumption and also in some for increase of heat and radiant energy of flame.
electrohydrodynamic and electrodynamic Effect of combustion intensification in strong
effects and processes are considered as examples. electric fields was discovered by the author
earlier [24]. Physics of such combustion due
to combined catalytic influence on flame by the
METHOD OF EXTRACTION OF LATENT bulk electric charge and strong external field is
SELFENERGY OF IMFLAMMABLES rather complicated.
DURING PROCESS OF ELECTRIC
FIELD’S INFLUENCE ON FLAME [24] During these experiments, the author often
observed effects of specific heat increase of
Effect of release of many matters’ latent self inflammables, deep electricfire and
energy is mostly pronounced in the discovered electrochemical decomposition of combustion
effect of flame combustion in strong electric products and parent substances in the
field (Figure 1). A prototype consists of the electrified flame and, as a result, abrupt (by ten
following basic elements: a source of strong hundred times) diminishing of toxicity of
electric field 7; two electrodes 5 and 6 set in effluent gases. Energy physics of the abnormal
quadrature and attached to the filed source 7 consumption is not sufficiently investigated yet.
by a switch; capacities 1 with fuel, for instance, It is known that combustion is a complicated
aqueous emulsion of straw, and a firtree chain reaction of division (fragmentation) of
electrode 2. During feed of electric field on flame internal structure of matter and release.
4 abrupt increase of flame brightness occurs. It
becomes flat in vertical plane above electrode 5 As a matter of fact, any matters can combust
and directed Efield radiation occurs fixed by a due to energy of intermolecular and molecular
sensor 8. connections of hydrocarbon fuel. The electric
fire method allows burning in flame almost all
matters including water due to the fact that
electric field and the injected bulk electric
charge cause other chain reactions in this flame,
up to transmutation of some elements: air
nitrogen and even water burns because the field
dissociates its molecules on Н2 and О2 [7].
Existence of this complicated electrophysics of
combustion can be proved by increased directed
Efield radiation of the electrified flame along
the axis of the field vector. On the basis of
longtime research of influence of strong
external electric field on combustion processes,
we come to a conclusion that it allows
Fig. 1. Control device for matters consumption in electric field controlling the chain reaction of flame
1 Capacity with fuel; 2 Electrode; 3 Candle (fuse); combustion by not only intensification
4 Flame; 5 Ring level electrode; 6 Vertical electrode; combustion but also, in some critical cases,
7 Source of electric field; 8 Sensor of Efield radiation suppressing chain reactions of combustion up to
instant extinguishing of flame [5].
22
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Water as fuel energy of their rotation and electric energy [1].
The law of electrical repulsion of electrified
According to many famous scientists, water is bodies with limited number of degrees of
a potential energy source of the third freedom and pivot pins leads to occurrence of
millennium [4, 5]. Availability of water as rotation moments of these bodies and allows
energy source is particularly conditioned by the explaining some unusual experiments carried
fact that there is sufficient water on the planet out by the author and even rotation of planets.
and in the world ocean so far. Today the
civilization spends enormous financial and Actually, due to forces of Coulomb repulsion, a
intellectual resources on development and steady position of these bodies is created along
mastering of highly effective technologies of the straight line connecting their rotation
producing Н 2 from water. However, this centers while unsteady position is created in the
electricfire combustion allows using water as perpendicular direction. Due to this, circular
fuel in case its electrostatic spraying in flame electric current, magnetic field and
by certain draughts consisting of water electromagnetic rotation moment occurs. As a
emulsion mixes and vapor. result, these electrified bodies begin their
torsion in the external electric field. In order to
Actually, that is why the presentday scientific prove this idea and its experimental
and technological level allows extraction and implementation, I have carried out an
transformation of latent selfenergy of water experiment on crossrotation of two
and water solutions by potential electric field electroconductive spheres in the external
into other energy types, particularly in heat and electric field.
kinetic energy, in case my discoveries and
electric technologies is used. In this case, a An experimental device for testing this effect
unique opportunity appears to create a perfect (Figure 2) consists of the following main
energysaving energyfire and electrohydraulic elements: source of the external electric field 9
engineering. (=3040 kV), two partially metallized spheres
1, 5 with their own vertical pivot pins 4 and
Thus, it is especially interesting to consider electric loading 11, 12 inserted into a gap of
latent energy of water solutions of electroconductive rings 2, 6.
hydrocarbonaceous liquids and other ways of
its extraction in details. During feeding of the unipolar electric potential
from the field source 9 to the spheres 1, 5
through the electroconductive basis. They
begin to rotate on pins 4 in the opposite
directions.
23
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
electrode and appearance of intensive, directed
Efield radiation along the vector (flux) of this
field. Physical meaning of this effect consists in
the fact that flux of the field and coulomb forces
inhibit heat motion of molecules and atoms
polarized in the field, directed at an angle
differed from zero to them.
Earlier the author experimentally discovered This electroheat effect can be used in different
and repeatedly observed the effect of intense ways: both for cold and heat energy generation.
cold vaporization and cooling of liquids in the For example, it is possible to design a highly
strong directstress electric field along with effective closed heat pump extracting heat
rotation of the liquid above the remote energy of the environment by the strong field.
24
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
The pump pumps an environment, for instance, 7. Methods of extraction of matters’ latent
air or liquid, across the electric filed cooler and selfenergy by electric fields can provide the
transforms it into heat energy and then in other civilization for cheap pure kinetic and electric
energy types: electric energy or kinetic energy energy in future.
of motion. The process of cooling by
transformation of directed Efiled radiation
extracted from heat energy into electric energy REFERENCIES
can be of low power inputs, in case we obtain a
source of electric field from the extracted and 1. Dudyshev V.D. Method of extraction of latent
transformed electric energy and, therefore, cool potential energy of electric field and its
bodies more actively. A particular case of this transformation into other energy types // New
effect occurrence is an instant fire extinguishing Energy Technologies, #4, 2003.
due to its cooling by strong cross electric vector 2. Dudyshev V.D. New electrofire technology
field (Figure 1 – through electrode 6). This of ecologically clean consumption // New
physical effect can be used for designing Energy Technologies, #1, 2003.
efficient noiseless compressorless refrigerators 3. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of flame
and airconditioners of new generation. consumption control” // Patent of the Russian
federation # 071219, 19.04.94.
4. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of intensification
CONCLUSIONS and control of flame consumption”, Patent of
the Russian federation #2125682.
1. The general method of release of matters’ 5. Dudyshev V.D. New electric technology of
latent selfenergy is the following: external force fire extinguishing and preventing. “Ecology and
potential field is applied on matter creating industry of Russia”, December 2003.
internal voltage inside it using nonlinearities of 6. V. D. Dudyshev. New Fuelles Spage Pover
the matter. Engineering –New Energy Technologies –
December 2002.
2. Device for extraction of selfenergy of 7. Dudyshev V.D. Effect of cold vaporization of
matters operates as an energy pump. The pumps liquids// New Energy Technologies, #1, 2003.
are divided into natural and artificial ones. 8. Yutkin L.A. Electrohydraulic effect. M. – L.
Mashgiz, 1995.
3. The value of extracted energy depends on 9. Dudyshev V.D. Method of transformation of
combination of parameters of the energy pump electrohydraulic blow energy. Patent of the
and matter. Energy balance is filled up by Russian Federation # 2157853.
environment matter. 10. Dudyshev V.D. Method of gas pressure
control – application for invention #
4. Under certain conditions, latent self 2001132477.
energy of matter can be extracted under the 11. Dudyshev V.D. Method of thermoelectric
influence of electric filed energy pump in the cooling of bodies and device for its
form of directed Efield radiation, kinetic or implementation – application for invention
electric energy of this matter’s motion. As a #9711011534.
result, properties of matter and its seflenergy 12. Kosinov N.V. Energy phenomenon of
changes. vacuum // “Ecology and industry of Russia”,
December 2003, p.26.
5. Value and type of extracted energy depends 13. Kanarev F.M. Prospects of hydrogen energy
on parameters of energy pump and parameters engineering // New Energy Technologies, #14
of external electric field. 15, 2003.
14. Yu.S. Potapov. Energy of rotation. М., 2001
6. Electric field and the unipolar electric 15. Big Encyclopedia, М.,1991, p. 699.
charge injected by it, for example, as explosive 16. Physical Encyclopedia, М., 1984, p. 502.
emission, are two main force influences for self
energy extraction according to the Dudyshev
method.
25
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Revolutionary discoveries,
inventions and technologies
designed by Professor Dudyshev,
V. D. Dudyshev
ecolog@samaramail.ru
Samara Technical University
Samara Department of Russian Ecological Academy
Russia, city of Samara
Contemporary civilization surely suffers two assess the physics and role of electrical and
global problems which hinder its development, magnetic fields in natural and technological
and these are energy and ecology. This is proved processes as well as it has to find the effective
by UN address to the global community and the means of their utilization. These inventions and
world known Kioto Ecological Treaty which discoveries will open the humanity a way to
states the beginning of global ecological crisis, create new generation of thermocompressors,
changes of climate, and endeavors to create a which will help to solve the global energy
unified strategy of all countries in terms of problem by means of development of lowcost,
conservation, namely restriction of toxic ecologically clear method to produce cheap
exhaust and carbon oxides into the atmosphere, hydrogen and useful types of energy
and which is up till now not ratified by the USA. (mechanical, thermal and electrical)
But the attempts of the world community to [1,2,21,27,35,5055].
resolve these global and interrelated problems
by means of administrative measures show its These inventions and discoveries are briefly
inability to find the way out. So far the announced in the articles published in the world
alternative power engineering is uncapable to web at:
cope with this developing global crisis. So, is
there a way out and where is the way to save http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/
the human civilization? In my opinion, this new pages/7601.html
and radical way of the world community lies http://ntpo.com/invention/invention2/
through the development of the new methods 8.shtml
to utilize and introduce into practice the energy
of electrical and magnetic fields to create pure Since I am very much limited by the format of
and effective technologies, which is what I this notice I only give a couple of examples of
propose. This will result in abundant energy my discoveries and the most significant
resources and simultaneously solve the global pioneering inventions as well as new electrical
ecological problem. My report is dedicated to technologies based on them. Owing to their
the nature and the meaning of the new effectiveness, they can revolutionize science and
inventions and new technologies of Professor technology, transport and other fields, all in the
Dudyshev. nearest future.
Overall Methodology and Nature of the Electrical Field and Pure Burning. Fire
Proposed New Technologies Technologies by Professor Dudyshev
If humanity wants to obtain new paradigm and I have discovered that electrical fields with
strategy of stable development, it has to re certain parameters exert powerful catalytic
26
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
effect on the process of combustion [1]. This inventions open the way for supereffective and
phenomenon opens the way to effectively lowcost methods of transforming energy of
control the combustion of substances from electric field into kinetic energy. I have also
intencification to total quenching [1,2]. Based proposed new noncontact electricfield motors
on this discivery, which was experimentally and generators. More details see in my articles
proved by many of the world known scientists, published in WWW at:
I propose a whole range of ecologically pure and
intensive electric combustion technologies. In http://ntpo.com/physics/studies/23.shtml
particular, to save fuel at heat stations, to create http://www.faraday.ru/ruscontent17.html
an ecologically clear automobile engine, for pure http://www.valery12.narod.ru/index1.htm
utilization of waste by means of electrical http://www.efir.com.ua/rus/a.php?r=2&d=22
combustion and transformation of waste into http://www.faraday.ru/ruscontent13.html
firstclass fuel, as well as for momentary non
contact fire extingwishing [131]. Following are
the addresses of my articles published in the New MagnetoMechanical Phenomena.
WWW: New MagnetMechanicElectrical Power
Engineering by Prof. Dudyshev
http://ingenrw.narod.ru/Dud/Opi2.html
http://ntpo.com/techno/techno3/11.shtml I have discovered the phenomenon of direct
http://ecip.newmail.ru/iss/2002/0502.htm transformation of magnetic energy of
http://www.ntpo.com/invention/invention3/ permanent magnets into various types of energy,
19.shtml and in particular into kinetic energy and
electrical energy. I have also proposed methods
Electrical Field and Cheap Hydrogen. Fuel Gas and various mechanisms to practically utilize
Generated from Water and Aqueous Solutions this phenomenon in power engineering and
I have discovered the phenomenon of Intensive technology [3941].
Cold Capillar Evaporation of fluids inside of the
powerful electric fields along with their http://ntpo.com/invention/invention2/
simultaneous dissociation into H2 and fuel gas. 25.shtml
Based on this I have proposed and http://ntpo.com/invention/invention2/
experimentally proved new effective H2fuel 27.shtml
technologies [3235].
I have discovered a new phenomenon of Inventions based on this phenomenon open the
explosive electron emission and powerful wave way for new electrohydrodynamic power
of pressure in fluids and gases inside of impulse engineering and mechanics to produce
electrical and electromagnetic fields and supereffective and low cost heat generators,
proposed new effective methods of utilization electrical charge water turbines, hydro turbo
of the energy of electric field in power thermal and electric generators, fuel free
engeneering and technology [3639]. These transport engines.
27
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
RADICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY More details see at:
SAVINGS
http://ntpo.com/secrets_ground/
I have proposed, approved and patented a secrets_ground/14.shtml
novel effective method to radically save http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/
electrical energy (3040%) by means of pages/7600.html
forced elimination of reactive currents in http://kuasar.narod.ru/library/newspace
“sourcealternatig current load” circuits energy/
[4346]. These inventions are http://kuasar.narod.ru/library/newspace
revolutionary for the global power energy/spacecapacitors.htm
engineering and are able to help save
substantial amounts of electrical energy.
Conclusions:
More details see at: http://www.ntpo.com/
techno/techno2/8.shtml 1. A b o v e mentioned discoveries,
inventions and methods of utilization of
energy of electrical and magnetic fields are
Renewable Energy of Geoelectricity and very useful to effectively overcome the
Geomagnetism and the Means of their global energy and ecological crises since
Utilization for the Global Electrical and they open the way to ecologically pure
Heat Power engineering production of hydrogen, gas synthesis and
all useful types of energy in quantities
I have discovered how electrical charge and abundant for the visible future.
electrical and magnetic field of the Planet 2. New Electrocombustion technology of
and its ionosphere are formed and extingushing of fire and the newest
e x p l a i n e d i n t h e n e w w a y, f r o m t h e technologies for the prevention of natural
electromechanical point of view, and based anomalies will help save millions of lives
on the above mentioned discoveries, the from mancaused and natural cataclysms.
reasons for all natural phenomena 3. New electrical combustion technology
including the Planet’s rotation and known helps effectively and purely utilize any type
natural anomalies [5055]. of waste and converse it into useful fuel as
well as to manufacture ecologically clear
On the basis of these fundamental transport engines.
discoveries, I have proposed methods to 4. New electroosmotic technology helps
obtain cheap electrical energy by means of to effectively obtain cheap hydrogen and
utilization of the renewable energy of fuel gas from any aqueous solution.
ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth
and novel methods of cutting the result of
global warming or its total elimination, as References
well as cutting the results of all natural
anomalies [5055]. 1. Dudyshev V.D. “Electric Combustion technologies –
eefective means to solve the problems of power
engeneering and ecology” //”Ecology and Industry of
1. B y m e a n s o f d o s a t e d e l e c t r i c a l Russia” issue 3/1997.
discharge of ionosphere by a laser beam 2. Dudyshev V.D. “How we can save civilization and
nature from global pollution?”// ”Ecology and Industry
[55]. of Russia” issue 11/1997.
2. By means of utilization of Planet’s 3. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ N e w E l e c t r i c C o m b u s t i o n
technology for Ecologically Clear Burning” //”The New
geomagnetic field to produce electrical Energy Tchnologies” issue 1/2003, Saint Petersburg.
energy [50]. 4. Dudyshev V.D. “ New Method of Ecologically Pure
3. M e t h o d s o f c o n t r o l o f P l a n e t ’ s Burning of Substances as a radical Way to resolve the
Global Ecological Problems” – Collected Reports of the
electrical charge and magnetic field in II International Congress, Russia, Samara, 1997.
order to to control the natural phenomena 5. Dudyshev V.D. “Methods of Exhaust Treatment in
and prevent global warming [50]. Internal Combustion engines – Electric Combustion
Treatment and Electric Filter at ICE outflow” Patent of
28
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
RF #1404664. 33. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of Electrical Dissociation of
6. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ N e w E l e c t r i c C o m b u s t i o n Fluids” // application for invention #2000119894.
technology to Intensify the Burning Processes” Report at 34. Dudyshev V.D., Zavyalov S.Y. (RU) Method for
International Scientific and Practical Conference “Ecology Dissociating of a Fluid – Requested patent WO0207874 –
of Big Cities”, Moscow, 1997. Application # WO2001RU00308 20010725.
7. Dudyshev V.D. “methods to Control the Burning of 35. Dudyshev V.D. “Cheap Fuel Gas and Hydrogen
Fire” – Patent of RF # 22017219, priority of 19.04.94. Derived from Aqueous Faeces Solutions”. // “Ecology and
8. Dudyshev V.D. Methods to Intensify and Control the Industry in Russia”, August, 2004.
Burning of Fire” – patent of RF # 2125682 with priority 36. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ M e t h o d o f E l e c t r o m e c h a n i c a l
of 06.06.95. Energy Conversion” – Patent of RF # 2182398.
9. Dudyshev V.D. “Methods of Electrical Combustion 37. Dudyshev V.D. “New methods of Extraction and
of Waste” – Patent of RF # 2117870. Conversion of Latent Potential Energy of Electrical Field
10. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of Electrical Combustion into Kinetic Energy and Electrical Energy” // “New
Treatment of Waste Gas” – Patent of RF #2125168. energy technologies” issue 4/2003.
11. Dudyshev V.D. “Methods to Intensify Combustion in 38. Dudyshev V.D. “Phenomenon of Unipolar Transfer
the Furnace of a Boiler Plant” – Patenet of RF #2079766 of Mass and Charge in the Impulse Electrical Field and
with priority of 14.06.95 (Electric Combustion Method). Its Practical Implementation in power Engineering and
12. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ M e t h o d t o R e d u c e To x i c i t y o f technology” // “New Energy technologies”, July, 2004.
AutoTransport Exhaust Gas” – Patent of RF 32117179, 39. Dudyshev V.D. “Direct transfer of Energy of magnetic
priority of 20.02.96 (Electric Combustion Method). F i e l d s o f P e r m a n e n t M a g n e t s i n t o Va r i o u s t y p e s o f
13. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of Internal Treatment of Energy” // “new Energy technologies”, issue 3/2004.
Exhaust Gases of ICE” – Patent of RF #2165031. 40. Dudyshev V.D. “Methods of Conversion of magnetic
14. Dudyshev V.D. “Method to Intensify the Work of Energy of Permanent Magnets and Principles of Work of
ICE” – Patent of RF #2135814. Magnetic Field Energy Converters”.// “New Energy
15. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ M e t h o d t o R e d u c e To x i c i t y o f Technologies”, issue 4/2004.
Exhaust Gases of ICE and Apparatus to Implement this” 41. Dudyshev V.D. “MagnetoElectrical Field generator”
– Patent of RF #2132471. //RF Patent Bureau Resolution for Patenting dated
16. Dudyshev V.D. “Methods to Intensify and Control 28.10.2004, requested patent # 2004129231 dated
Combustion” Patent of RF # 215682. 4.10.2004.
17. D u d y s h e v V. D “ M e t h o d s o f C o n t r o l l i n g H e a t 42. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of Converting of energy of
Machine” – Patent of RF # 2134354. ElectroHydraulic Impact” // patent of RF #2157893.
18. Dudyshev V.D “Method to Extinguish the Oil Well 43. Dudyshev V.D. and others. “Voltage Controller”
Fire and Apparatus to Implement this” – Patent of RF Author’s Crtificate #1372464.
#2176050. 44. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ Vo l t a g e C o n t r o l l e r ” A u t h o r ’ s
19. D u d y s h e v V. D “ M e t h o d s o f B u r n i n g F u e l a n d certificate #1389634.
Apparatus to Implement this” pat. Of RF # 2160414. 45. Dudyshev V.D. and others. “Apparatus for Connecting
20. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of Burning of Fuel Blend in of User to Alternating current Network” // Author’
I C E a n d A p p a r a t u s t o I m p l e m e n t t h i s ” Pa t . O f R F Certificate # 1537100.
#2160380. 46. Dudyshev V.D. and others. “Apparatus rot starting
21. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of Fire Extingwishing’ and Protection of Induction Electric Motor”// Autor’s
Author’s Certificate Of USSR # 1621234. Certificate #1582308.
22. Dudyshev V.D. “Method of Electrical Combustion 47. Dudyshev V.D and others “Directdrive Wind power
Treatment of Exhaust Gases of ICE and Apparatus to Station”// Author’s certificate #1263904.
Implement this”Patent of RF #2175074. 48. Dudyshev V.D. and others. “Direct Drive Wind power
23. Dudyshev V.D. “New Electrical Combustion Method station” // Author’s Certificate #1295025.
to Burn Waste” – Collected reports of III International 49. D u d y s h e v V. D . a n d o t h e r s . “ F u t u r e Tr e n d s o f
Ecological Congress, Russia , Samara, 1998. utilization of Induction Starter Generators in Auto cars”
24. Dudyshev V.D. “Ecological Safety of Auto Transport” // “Electrical technologies”, issue 11/1980.
// “Ecology and Industry of Russia”, issue 5/1997. 50. Dudyshev V.D. “Planet Earth natural Electrical
25. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ L o n g Te r m D e v e l o p m e n t s a n d Motor generator” // “New Electric technologies” issue 3/
Inventions for Ecological Improvement of Auto transport” 2004.
// “Ecology and Industry of Russia”, issue 12/1998. 51. Dudyshev V.D. “Introduction into Global Ecology or
26. Dudyshev V.D. “Problems and Ways to Improve Electromechanics of the Animate Nature” // “Ecology and
Domestic Auto transport” // “Ecology and Industry of Industry in Russia” November. 1999.
Russia” issue 11/1998. 52. Dudyshev V.D. “Planet earth – Natural Electrical
27. Dudyshev V.D. “Ecologically Clear Engine for Auto Machine” // “Technology for Youth” issue 11, 1984.
Transport” // “New Technologies” magazine, issue 2/2001, 53. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ M e t h o d o f E t e r n a l O r b i t a l
Samara. Movement around the Planet” // Requested Patenet of RF
28. Dudyshev V.D. “New Electrical Technology of Non #2002101749Russin Patent Bureau.
Contact Fire Extinguishing and Fire Prevention” // “New 54. Dudyshev V.D. “method of Controlling Planet’s
Technologies magazine, issue 9/2002, Samara. Climate by Means of Stabilization of its Magnetic Field”
29. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ N e w Te c h n o l o g y o f F i r e // Requested Patent of RF #2002101750Russian Patent
Extinguishing and Prevention” // “Ecology and Industry Bureau.
of Russia”, december, 2003. 55. V.D.Dudyshev New Fuelles Spage Pover Engineering
30. Dudyshev V.D. “Electric Combustion Utilization of –New Energy Technologies –decemder 2002
Oilslime” // “ Ecologu and Industry in Russia”, May, 2002 56. V.D.Dudyshev New Electric Fire Technology New
31. D u d y s h e v V. D . “ F u e l s a v i n g a n d R e d u c t i o n o f Energy Technologies –Januar 2003.
Toxicity of Benzine Engines” // “Ecology and Industry in 57. V.D.Dudyshev New Effekt of gold Evaporation New
Russia” , May, 2003. Energy Technologies –Januar 2003.
32. Dudyshev V.D. “New Effect of Cold Evaporation and 58. V.D.Dudyshev Latent Potential Energy of Electrical
Dissociation of Fluids Based on the Capillar Field New Energy Technologies –Juli 2003.
Electroosmotic Effect” // “new Energy technologies”,
issue 1/2003, SaintPetersburg.
29
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
News from Integrity Research
Institute
Thomas Valone iri@erols.com USA
"That's sort of portable electricity." Sargent said So what happens if the sun doesn't shine?
the coating could be woven into a shirt or "There is obviously no power in the visible
sweater and used to charge an item like a (light)," said Sargent. "But in the infrared, it's
cellphone. "We expect that our cellphones or not completely zero power. It doesn't have to
our email can go anywhere with us, but we be as hot as the sun, but everything that's warm,
don't have that expectation of a continuous gives off some heat. Even people and animals
supply of power. The best that we have is give off heat.
batteries, which run out," he said. "So if we
could have a wireless source of power like how So there actually is some power remaining in
the sun would provide, this would be pretty the infrared even when it appears to us to be
exciting." dark outside."
30
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
sectors, forcing American and European
With Geopolitics, companies out and taking charge of their
Cheap Oil Recedes natural resources. Then came the oil embargo
and the price shocks of 197374 and 197881,
Into Past with long lines for gasoline and steep rises in
inflation.
IT was a year that people in the oil markets are
unlikely to forget a year that prices set records, But for the most part, politics had dropped off
forecasts lost touch with reality, and almost the energy map since then. In the 1980's, energy
everything that could go wrong, did. It was also experts largely discounted a war between two
a year that politics returned to the oil market. of the Persian Gulf's top oil producers, Iran and
Iraq, because Saudi Arabia and some other
And the trend is likely to continue this year. OPEC nations could simply crank up their
While oil prices have declined since October, production to make up for losses.
many of the issues that have vexed the oil
industry in 2004 are expected to recur. Cheap Even the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in the
oil increasingly looks like a thing of the past. summer of 1990, and the subsequent embargo
on their oil exports, roiled energy markets for
Through the 1990's, prices were stable, supplies only a few weeks.
were secure and there was plenty of extra
capacity to keep energy costs low and world But in recent years, the oil industry has
growth buzzing. At an average of $20 a barrel, undergone a fundamental change. While
oil was viewed as just another commodity. demand has steadily increased each year, the
industry's exploration efforts have not kept pace
But then came ethnic and labor troubles in in new discoveries.
Nigeria; chaos and protests in Venezuela before
President Hugo ChАvez won a referendum Now that worldwide production is running at
allowing him to stay in power; hardball energy full speed to meet increased demand, there is
politics in Russia; and the continuing no cushion left in the system to weather a
insurgency in Iraq. potential blow to producers like Iraq, Venezuela,
Iran, Russia or Nigeria. So, once again for oil
While supplies of oil to the world markets were markets, politics matters.
rarely interrupted, the uncertainties created by
these events raised crude oil prices in New York For instance, said Amy Myers Jaffe, the
by twothirds this year, to a high of more than associate director of Rice University's energy
$55 a barrel in October. And as energy costs program, Saudi Arabia's oil industry is no longer
surged, many analysts, traders and politicians seen as being impenetrable to terrorist attacks;
woke up to the reality that oil was different from tensions in the Persian Gulf could swell over
cocoa or coffee. Iran's nuclear program; Nigerian factions may
erupt in violence; and the fighting in Iraq goes
"Oil is a political commodity," said Robert on.
Mabro, president of the Oxford Institute for
Energy Studies, one of the world's foremost "All kinds of things can affect this market," Ms.
energy experts. "Geopolitics is the most Jaffe said, "especially when you're in a razor
fundamental issue if you're looking at oil thin situation. The only thing that could
markets. People seem to have forgotten that dramatically alter the outlook is a major
since the 1980's." economic recession."
Of course, this is not the first time that oil and The heightened geopolitical risk has translated
politics have mixed. into higher prices, something analysts call a
"risk premium." Crude oil prices have averaged
Decades ago, militant governments in Iran and $30 a barrel since 2000, but last year crude oil
Libya, for example, nationalized their oil in New York climbed to an average of $41 a
31
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
barrel. While energy prices are high, adjusted The findings, which were released on 1
for inflation they are below the level in March December by the US Department of Energy,
1981, when crude oil approached $70 a barrel rekindle a 15yearold debate over whether
in today's dollars. Still, analysts do not expect nuclear fusion can occur at room temperature.
prices to fall anytime soon.
According to the report, the panel was "split
High world prices since mid2002 have helped approximately evenly" on the question of
sustain the economic recovery of Russia, which whether cold experiments were actually
is raising output, according to the Energy producing power in the form of heat. But
Information Agency of the Department of members agreed that there is not enough
Energy. evidence to prove that cold fusion has occurred,
and they complained that much of the published
The former Soviet Union, of which Russia is by work was poorly documented.
far the biggest country, is the world's largest
producer, the agency says, followed by Saudi The review is a positive step for the field of cold
Arabia and the United States. The biggest fusion, according to David Nagel at George
consumers are the United States, which imports Washington University in Washington DC,
over half its needs; China; Japan; and the former who coauthored the summary of coldfusion
Soviet Union, which uses about a third as much work that the panel reviewed. "Most scientists
as it produces. Leo Drollas, chief economist for think that cold fusion is laughable, but when
the Center for Global Energy Studies in the dust settled, the researchers reviewing our
London, expects oil prices to be higher in 2005, work were evenly split," he says.
on average, than they have been this year. The
institute was founded in 1990 by Sheik Ahmed "Most scientists think that cold fusion is
Zaki Yamani, the former Saudi oil minister. laughable, but when the dust settled, the
researchers reviewing our work were evenly
Even oil companies, which are usually split." David Nagel (cold fusion researcher at
extremely conservative about their price George Washington University in Washington
outlook, are coming around to that realization. DC ). Others remain sceptical, however. "It is
Lord Browne, the chief executive of BP, now astonishing that the panel didn't find cold
sees a new bottom of $30 a barrel for the next fusion convincing after almost 15 years of
few years. additional research," says Bob Park, a professor
of physics at the University of Maryland,
"There is something fundamental holding prices College Park, and author of Voodoo Science, a
up, whether that's at $45, $40 or $35 a barrel," book about junk science. Park says that
Mr. Mabro of the Oxford Institute said. "And although the quality of research has improved,
politics won't improve things. Except if you no one should buy into cold fusion just yet.
believe a miracle is going to happen in Iraq."
Hot stuff
JAD MOUAWAD New York Times,
Fusion commonly occurs in stars like the Sun,
January 3, 2005 where hydrogen atoms melt together to form
helium and release huge amounts of energy in
the process. Scientists have long believed that
US Review Rekindles fusion has the potential to be an enormous
source of power here on Earth. However, no one
Cold Fusion Debate has yet been able to control fusion reactions
because they only occur at temperatures and
Energy panel split over whether experiments pressures similar to those found in stars.
produced power. Claims of cold fusion are
intriguing, but not convincing. That is the Or so scientists thought until 1989, when
conclusion of an 18member scientific panel Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann of the
tasked with reviewing research in the area. University of Utah claimed to have created a
32
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
new kind of fusion inside a small canister of h t t p : / / q u e r y. n y t i m e s . c o m / m e m /
water. Pons and Fleischmann claimed that tnt.html?tntget=2004/03/25/science/
when they ran an electrical current between two 25FUSI.html&tntemail1
palladium plates separated by water containing "DOE Warms to Cold Fusion" Physics Today
deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, it 2004
created a small but measurable fusion reaction. http://www.physicstoday.org/vol57/iss4/
p27.html
In a highly publicized press conference in Utah,
the scientists claimed that this 'cold fusion' had "Cold Fusion Isn't Dead, It's Just Withering
the potential to revolutionize the world's from Scientific Neglect"
energy production. Sharon Begley, Wall Street Journal, Science
Journal, Sept. 5, 2003 http://online.wsj.com/
Pons and Fleischmann's claims were quickly article/0,,SB106270936017252700,00.html
debunked by other scientists, who pointed out
numerous experimental errors in the "Reasonable Doubt Doesn't Stop Progress"
measurements. But the idea of cold fusion lives New Scientist Vol 177 Issue 2388 29 March
on in movies and science fiction, and among a 2003, page 36
small cadre of researchers. www.newscientist.com/news
Those researchers finally caught the ear of the Additional web sites for information on cold
US energy secretary, Spencer Abraham, who fusion:
commissioned the review in August 2003 from http://world.std.com/~mica/cft.html
the department's science directorate. http://www.lenrcanr.org
http://www.newenergytimes.com
Although the reviewers remained sceptical,
they were nearly unanimous in their opinion
that the energy department should fund well Geoff Brumfiel, Nature,
thoughtout proposals for cold fusion. Nagel December 2, 2004
says that he expects many in the long neglected
field to submit research plans in the coming
months. "I will be among them," he adds.
Antigravity Has
Resources
Feet of Clay
Executive Summary of DOE Cold Fusion
Nuclear Reactions Report DOE Office of Space agency report is a downer for gravity
Science control researchers. Interstellar spacecraft
http://www.science.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/ powered by warp drives are still the stuff of
News_Releases/DOESC/2004/low_energy/ science fiction.
index.htm
Could astronauts take a leaf out of H. G. Wells's
US Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems book The First Men in the Moon, and use
Center in San Diego twovolume Cold Fusion spacecraft propelled by antigravity devices?
report. "Thermal and nuclear aspects of the Pd/ Some see the idea as science fiction, but major
D2O system: a decade of research at Navy space agencies take it seriously.
laboratories" Dr. Scott Chubb was one of the
main authors, with Introduction by Dr. Frank In 2001, the European Space Agency (ESA)
Gordon Volume I, 3.5 Meg ~ 121 pages in PDF commissioned two scientists to evaluate
format http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sti/ schemes for gravity control. They have
publications/pubs/tr/1862/tr1862vol1.pdf concluded that, even if such control were
possible, the benefits for lifting spacecraft out
"US Gives Cold Fusion a Second Look After of the Earth's gravitational field would probably
Fifteen Years" New York Times 2004 not be worth the effort.
33
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
But scientists working on such propulsion But relativity is not the last word on the subject.
schemes dispute the report. "I regard the "Gravity does not fit into the standard model
conclusion, even if correct, as uninteresting and, of particle physics," says Clovis de Matos,
frankly, irrelevant", says James Woodward of technical officer in charge of the ESA study.
California State University at Fullerton, who "And we do not understand the gravitational
has worked for NASA on gravitycontrol interaction at the quantum level."
propulsion.
De Matos explains that ESA commissioned the
NASA ran a research programme on speculative survey of gravity control partly to establish
propulsion methods, called Breakthrough whether a quantum theory of gravity might
Propulsion Physics, from 1996 until its funding expose loopholes in our current understanding
was cut in 2003. The project's founder and that space technology could exploit.
former manager, Marc Millis of NASA's Glenn
Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, says that Bertolami and his coauthor, Martin Tajmar of
the ESA report corrects some misconceptions the space technology company ARC
in the field of gravity control. But he thinks its Seibersdorf in Austria, looked at proposals for
scope is too limited to rule out future research assisting spacecraft launch by weakening
in the area. gravity. They were not impressed. "None of the
proposals seemed convincing and detailed
"The risk of this paper is that the casual reader enough," says Bertolami. "Experimentally and
will more broadly interpret the negative theoretically they do not seem to meet a
findings to apply to all inquiries into standard we could qualify as scientific."
gravitational or inertial manipulation," says
Millis. Floating ideas
The report is not meant to kill off all such ideas, All the same, the researchers did feel that some
says one of its authors, cosmologist Orfeu ideas for modifying gravity are worth exploring.
Bertolami of Lisbon's Technical University in For example, as they are reaching the edge of
Portugal. "Our recommendation to ESA was to the Solar System, NASA's Pioneer spacecraft
keep a critical eye on them," he says. But, he are deviating from their expected trajectories.
adds, "this should be a lowintensity activity. This has led some scientists to suggest that the
Our estimates show that conventional ideas [for current theory of gravity is incomplete.
propulsion] are much more effective."
There have also been suggestions that magnetic
Down to Earth effects in materials whose behaviour is
dominated by quantum effects, such as
Wells's fantasy hinges on the invention of a superconductors, might induce a kind of
substance that shields any object placed above artificial gravity. NASA scientists have studied
it from the Earth's gravity. But can such a claims by Russian physicist Eugene Podkletnov
material really exist? Antigravity seems to that a spinning superconductor can act as a
violate the law of conservation of energy, which gravity shield, reducing the weight of an object
prohibits perpetual motion. Place a wheel half placed above it by about 2%.
over such a gravity shield and the shielded
segment will rise, causing the wheel to rotate Independent scientists have been unable to
forever without a power source. reproduce this and similar claims, says Tajmar.
He and Bertolami conclude that there are
"Conventional ideas for propulsion are much currently no good grounds for taking such
more effective" says Orfeu Bertolami, author of effects seriously. All the same, they don't rule
ESA report on antigravity. What's more, gravity out the possibility of gravitational anomalies in
cannot be screened out in the same way as light quantum materials.
or sound: Einstein's general theory of relativity
explains that gravity results from the way mass Other options involve the gravitational and
distorts spacetime itself. inertial masses of objects. Gravitational mass
34
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
determines the force of gravity experienced by Now, with technologists busily ushering in a
the object; inertial mass determines how much new age of miniaturization based on
force is needed to set it in motion. General microelectromechanical systems (MEMS),
relativity says that the two definitions are batteries have arrived at a critical juncture.
identical, but some theories of quantum gravity MEMS are finding applications in everything
suggest that they differ. from the sensors in cars that trigger air bags to
injectable drug delivery systems to
Tajmar and Bertolami looked at schemes to alter environmental monitoring devices. Many of
one kind of mass, leaving the other unchanged. these systems ideally have to work for long
They found that reducing the inertial mass has periods, and it is not always easy to replace or
no effect on the amount of fuel needed to launch recharge their batteries. So to let these
a spacecraft. And altering the gravitational mass miniature machines really hit their stride, we'll
alone, by gravity shielding for example, doesn't need smaller, longerlasting power sources.
help unless the shielding is almost total.
For several years our research groups at Cornell
Reference University and the University of Wisconsin
Madison have been working on a way around
Tajmar, M. & Bertolami, O. "Hypothetical this powersource roadblock: harvesting the
Gravity Control and Possible Influence on incredible amount of energy released naturally
Space Propulsion" Report Preprint at http:// by tiny bits of radioactive material.
xxx.arxiv.org/abs/physics/0412176 (2005).
The microscale generators we are developing
Philip Ball , Nature, 26 January 2005 are not nuclear reactors in miniature, and they
don't involve fission or fusion reactions. All
energy comes from highenergy particles
spontaneously emitted by radioactive elements.
These devices, which we call nuclear
The Daintiest Dynamos microbatteries, use thin radioactive films that
pack in energy at densities thousands of times
By harvesting energy from radioactive specks, greater than those of lithiumion batteries [see
nuclear microbatteries could power tomorrow's table, "Energy Content"].
microelectromechanical marvels and maybe
your cellphone, too. A speck of a radioisotope like nickel63 or
tritium, for example, contains enough energy to
For several decades, electronic circuitry has power a MEMS device for decades, and to do it
been shrinking at a famously dizzying pace. Too safely. The particles these isotopes emit, unlike
bad the batteries that typically power those more energetic particles released by other
circuits have not managed to get much smaller radioactive materials, are blocked by the layer
at all. of dead skin that covers our bodies. They
penetrate no more than 25 micrometers in most
In today's wristworn GPS receivers, solids or liquids, so in a battery they could safely
matchboxsize digital cameras, and pocketable be contained by a simple plastic package [see
personal computers, batteries are a significant sidebar, "Not All Radioisotopes Are Equal."]
portion of the volume. And yet they don't
provide nearly enough energy, conking out Our current prototypes are still relatively big,
seemingly at the worst possible moment. but like the first transistors they will get smaller,
going from macro to microscale devices. And
The reason is simple: batteries are still little cans if the initial applications powering MEMS
of chemicals. They function in essentially the devices go well, along with the proper packaging
same way they did two centuries ago, when the and safety considerations, lucrative uses in
Italian physicist Alessandro Volta sandwiched handheld devices could be next. The small
zinc and silver disks to create the first chemical nuclear batteries may not be able to provide
battery, which he used to make a frog's leg kick. enough electric current for a cellphone or a
35
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
PDA, but our experiments so far suggest that Others are developing onchip combustion
several of these nuclear units could be used to engines, which actually burn a fuel like
trickle charges into the conventional chemical gasoline to drive a minuscule electric
rechargeable batteries used in handheld devices. generator.
Depending on the power consumption of these
devices, this trickle charging could enable There are three major challenges for these
batteries to go for months between recharges, approaches. One is that these fuels have
rather than days, or possibly even to avoid relatively low energy densities, only about
recharges altogether. five to 10 times that of the best lithiumion
batteries. Another is the need to keep
"IT IS A STAGGERINGLY SMALL WORLD replenishing the fuel and eliminating
THAT IS BELOW," said physicist Richard P. byproducts. Finally, the packaging to contain
Feynman in his famous 1959 talk to the the liquid fuel makes it difficult to
American Physical Society, when he envisioned significantly scale down these tiny fuel cells
that physical laws allowed for the fabrication and generators.
of micro and nanomachines and that one day
we would be able to write the entire The nuclear microbatteries we are developing
Encyclopaedia Britannica on the head of a pin. won't require refueling or recharging and will
last as long as the halflife of the radioactive
Feynman's vision has finally begun to source, at which point the power output will
materialize, thanks to ever more sophisticated decrease by a factor of two. And even though
microelectronics. Micro and nanoscale their efficiency in converting nuclear to
machines are poised to become a multibillion electrical energy isn't high about 4 percent
dollar market as they are incorporated in all for one of our prototypes the extremely high
kinds of electronic devices. Among the energy density of the radioactive materials
revolutionary applications in development are makes it possible for these microbatteries to
ultradense memories capable of storing produce relatively significant amounts of
hundreds of gigabytes in a fingernailsize device, power.
micromirrors for enhanced displays and optical
communications equipment, and highly For example, with 10 milligrams of polonium
selective RF filters to reduce cellphone size and 210 (contained in about 1 cubic millimeter),
improve the quality of calls. a nuclear microbattery could produce 50
milliwatts of electric power for more than four
But, again, at very small scales, chemical months (the halflife of polonium210 is 138
batteries can't provide enough juice to power days). With that level of power, it would be
these micromachines. As you reduce the size of possible to run a simple microprocessor and a
such a battery, the amount of stored energy goes handful of sensors for all those months. And
down exponentially. Reduce each side of a cubic the conversion efficiency won't be stuck at 4
battery by a factor of 10 and you reduce the percent forever. Beginning this past July we
volume and therefore the energy you can store started working to boost the efficiency to 20
by a factor of 1000. In fact, researchers percent, as part of a new Defense Advanced
developing sensors the size of a grain of sand Research Projects Agency program called
had to attach them to batteries they couldn't Radio Isotope Micropower Sources.
make smaller than a shirt button.
Space agencies such as NASA in the United
IN THE QUEST TO BOOST MICROSCALE States have long recognized the extraordinary
POWER GENERATION, several groups have potential of radioactive materials for
turned their efforts to wellknown energy generating electricity. NASA has been using
sources, namely hydrogen and hydrocarbon radioisotope thermoelectric generators, or
fuels such as propane, methane, gasoline, and RTGs, since the 1960s in dozens of missions,
diesel. Some groups are developing microfuel like Voyager and, more recently, the Cassini
cells that, like their macroscale counterparts, probe, now in orbit around Saturn. Space
consume hydrogen to produce electricity. probes like these travel too far away from the
36
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
sun to power themselves with photovoltaic The new types of microbatteries we are
arrays. working on now can generate substantially
more power. These units produce electricity
RTGs convert heat into electricity through indirectly, like minute generators. Radiation
a process known as the Seebeck effect: when from the sample is converted first to
you heat one end of a metal bar, electrons in mechanical energy and then to oscillating
this region will have more thermal energy pulses of electric energy. Even though the
and flow to the other end, producing a energy has to go through the intermediate,
voltage across the bar. Most of NASA's mechanical phase, the batteries are no less
washingmachinesize RTGs use plutonium efficient; they tap a significant fraction of the
238, whose highenergy radiation can kinetic energy of the emitted particles for
produce enormous heat. conversion into mechanical energy. By
releasing this energy in brief pulses, they
But as it turns out, RTGs don't scale down provide much more instantaneous power than
well. At the diminutive dimensions of MEMS the directconversion approach.
devices, the ratio between an object's surface
and its volume gets very high. This relatively For these batteries, which we call radioactive
large surface makes it difficult to sufficiently piezoelectric generators, the radioactive
reduce heat losses and maintain the source is a 4squaremillimeter thin film of
temperatures necessary for RTGs to work. So nickel63 [see illustration, "Power >From
we had to find other ways of converting Within"]. On top of it, we cantilever a small
nuclear into electric energy. rectangular piece of silicon, its free end able
to move up and down. As the electrons fly
ONE OF THE MICROBATTERIES WE from the radioactive source, they travel across
DEVELOPED early last year directly the air gap and hit the cantilever, charging it
converted the highenergy particles emitted negatively. The source, which is positively
by a radioactive source into an electric charged, then attracts the cantilever, bending
current. The device consisted of a small it down.
quantity of nickel63 placed near an ordinary
silicon pn junction a diode, basically. As the A piece of piezoelectric material bonded to the
nickel63 decayed, it emitted beta particles, top of the silicon cantilever bends along with
which are highenergy electrons that it. The mechanical stress of the bend
spontaneously fly out of the radioisotope's unbalances the charge distribution inside the
unstable nucleus. The emitted beta particles piezoelectric crystal structure, producing a
ionized the diode's atoms, creating paired voltage in electrodes attached to the top and
electrons and holes that are separated at the bottom of the crystal.
vicinity of the pn interface. These separated
electrons and holes streamed away from the After a brief period whose length depends on
junction, producing the current. the shape and material of the cantilever and
the initial size of the gap the cantilever comes
Nickel63 is ideal for this application because close enough to the source to discharge the
its emitted beta particles are rather slow; if accumulated electrons by direct contact. The
the particles were more energetic, they would discharge can also take place through
travel longer distances, thus escaping the tunneling or gas breakdown. At that moment,
battery. The device we built was capable of electrons flow back to the source, and the
producing about 3 nanowatts with 0.1 electrostatic attractive force vanishes. The
millicurie of nickel63, a small amount of cantilever then springs back and oscillates
power but enough for applications such as like a diving board after a diver jumps, and
nanoelectronic memories and the simple the recurring mechanical deformation of the
processors for environmental and battlefield piezoelectric plate produces a series of electric
sensors that some groups are currently pulses. The chargedischarge cycle of the
developing. cantilever repeats continuously, and the
resulting electric pulses can be rectified and
37
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
smoothed to provide directcurrent many electronic devices. The prevalent power
electricity. Using this cantileverbased power source paradigm is to have all components in
source, we recently built a selfpowered light a device's circuitry drain energy from a single
sensor [see photo, "It's Got the Power"]. The battery. Here's another idea: give each
device contains a simple processor connected component sensor, actuator, microprocessor
to a photodiode that detects light variations. its own nuclear microbattery. In such a
scheme, even if a main battery is still
Nuclear batteries can pack in energy at necessary for more powerhungry
densities THOUSANDS OF TIMES greater components, it could be considerably smaller,
than those of lithiumion batteries. and the multiple nuclear microbatteries could
run a device for months or years, rather than
Also using the cantilever system, we days or hours.
developed a pressure sensor that works by
"sensing" the gas molecules in the gap One example is the RF filters in cellphones,
between the cantilever and the source. The which now take up a lot of space in handsets.
higher the ambient pressure, the more gas Researchers are developing MEMSbased RF
molecules in the gap. As a result, it is more filters with better frequency selectivity that
difficult for electrons to reach and charge the could improve the quality of calls and make
cantilever. Hence, by tracking changes in the cellphones smaller. These MEMS filters,
cantilever's charging time, the sensor even however, may require relatively high dc
detects millipascal variations in a low voltages, and getting these from the main
pressure environment like a vacuum chamber. battery would require complicated
electronics. Instead, a nuclear microbattery
To get the measurements at a distance, we designed to generate the required voltage in
made the cantilever work as an antenna and the range of 10 to 100 volts could power the
emit radio signals, which we could receive filter directly and more efficiently.
meters away in this application the little
machine was "radio active" in more ways than Another application might be to forgo the
one. The cantilever, built from a material with electrical conversion altogether and simply
a high dielectric constant, had metal use the mechanical energy. For example,
electrodes on its top and bottom. An electric researchers could use the motion of a
field formed inside the dielectric as the cantileverbased system to drive MEMS
bottom electrode charged. When it engines, pumps, and other mechanical
discharged, a charge imbalance appeared in devices. A selfpowered actuator could be
the electrodes, making the electric field used, for instance, to move the legs of a
propagate along the dielectric material. The microscopic robot. The actuator's motion and
cantilever thus acted like an antenna that the robot's tiny steps would be adjusted
periodically emitted RF pulses, the interval according to the chargedischarge period of
between pulses varying accordingly to the the cantilever and could vary from hundreds
pressure. of times every second to once per hour, or even
once per day.
What we'd like to do now is add a few
transistors and other electronic components THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR
to this system so that it can not only send MICROBATTERIES depends on several
simple pulses but also modulate signals to factors, such as safety, efficiency, and cost. If
carry information. That way, we could make we keep the amount of radioactive material
MEMSbased sensors that could in the devices small, they emit so little
communicate with each other wirelessly radiation that they can be safe with only
without requiring complex, energy simple packaging. At the same time, we have
demanding communications circuitry. to find ways of increasing the amount of
energy that nuclear microbatteries can
NUCLEAR MICROBATTERIES MAY produce, especially as the conversion
ULTIMATELY CHANGE the way we power efficiency begins approaching our targeted 20
38
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
percent. One possibility for improving the nanorobots to wireless sensors. Feynman's
cantileverbased system would be to scale up "staggeringly small world" awaits.
the number of cantilevers by placing several
of them horizontally, side by side. In fact, we See Nuclear Solutions website for details of
are already developing an array about the size the "betavoltaic battery" invented by Dr. Paul
of a postage stamp containing a million Brown. Brown's patents include "Layered
cantilevers. These arrays could then be Metal Foil Semiconductor Power Device"
stacked to achieve even greater integration. #6,118,204, "Isotopic Semiconductor
Batteries" #6,236,812, "Apparatus for Direct
Another major challenge is to have Conversion of Radioactive Decay Energy to
inexpensive radioisotope power supplies that Electrical Energy" #4,835,433 at
can be easily integrated into electronic www.uspto.gov.
devices. For example, in our experimental
systems we have been using 1 millicurie of Other nuclear beta particle battery patents
nickel63, which costs about US $25 too include: Lucent Technologies' "SelfPowered
much for use in a massproduced device. A Device" #5,642,014
potentially cheaper alternative would be Ohmart's "Radio Electric Generator"
tritium, which some nuclear reactors produce #2,696,564, "Radioactive Battery with
in huge quantities as a byproduct. There's no Chemically Dissimilar Electrodes"
reason that the amount of tritium needed for #3,019,358 and "Method and Apparatus for
a microbattery couldn't cost just a few cents. Converting Ionic Energy into Electrical
Energy" #3,142,254
Once these challenges are overcome, a Linder's "Method and Means for Generating
promising use for nuclear microbatteries and/or Controlling Electrical Energy"
would be in handheld devices like cellphones #2,548,225
and PDAs. As mentioned above, the nuclear All of the above are included in IRI's newest
units could trickle charge into conventional report "Nuclear Batteries: A Portable
batteries. Our onecantilever system Energy Source"
generated pulses with a peak power of 100
milliwatts; with many more cantilevers, and By Amit LaL & James Blanchard,
by using the energy of pulses over periods of IEEE Spectrum
hours, a nuclear battery would be able to
inject a significant amount of current into the
handheld's battery.
39
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Fourdimensional resonance
Alexander V. Frolov
Chairman, CEO, Faraday Lab Ltd
78123803844
http://www.faraday.ru
Discontinuity of energy levels, particularly a period of time. Hence, the time has the
quantizated atomic states, is studied in physics physical sense only considering some process
in detail. It is characterized by Planck's (motion) in the space of known curvature.
constant. In a presented article, this effect is Threedimensional space, observed by us, is
considered as a particular case. Other examples curved in the direction of the fourth dimension.
demonstrating the general law of formation of It creates periodicity of all processes: from
matter particles and also elements of living oscillation of a pendulum to the process of
matter, such as DNA, are shown. isotopes decay (halfperiod of isotopes). We can
suggest that the space itself is created due to
some global process of energy density changing
Curvature and in such case it is necessary to introduce
notion of “the space of some process”.
The linear curvature in mathematics is a value, Dimensionality of this space is determined by
which is inversed to some radius and it can be the parameters of the process. It can be more
measured in reversed meters: than 3 dimensions but in this case it is possible
to use the theory of smooth variation of
ρ=1/R [1/m] (F.1) dimension (from 3 to 4).
In physics, there is an equidimensional value of Let’s consider technical aspects. Using “energy
the same dimension (1/m) called “wave density” term for the onedimensional space, it
number”. It is reversed to wavelength value. is easy to find its physical analog: current
Curvature of flatness is determined by two density. In the twodimensional space, energy
crossed lines. For example, for some sphere, we density corresponds with a transverse
can use the following formula: electromagnetic wave. In its turn, changing of
volumetrical energy density is a physical
ρ=1/R + 1/R=2/R (F.2) mechanism of creation of the threedimensional
space of process. Periodicity of the three
It would be logical to develop this approach for dimensional space’s existence is characterized
threedimensional space but we have to specify by its curvature:
a radius’ direction, i.e. radius of curvation of the
threedimensional space. Let’s use analog ρ = 3/R [1/m] (F.3)
approach. A line can be curved in the direction,
which is “not included in it”, as P.D. Uspenskiy Technically, volumetrical energy density in
wrote [1]. Surface of sphere is curved in the space can be changing due to some modulation
orthogonal direction to this surface. In both of density of any matter (including gas, steam
cases, space of line (onedimensional) or space or plasma) or density of energy. A number of
of surface (twodimensional) can be selfclosed electromagnetic methods of longitudinal waves’
i.e. connected to itself, then any motion in such formation in aether environment also exist.
space becomes cyclic. A parameter appears
characterizing repetition of location (position Calculation examples
data) of a point during its motion in the closed
space. This parameter depends on motion speed 1. Planet
and radius of the closed space. Actually, this is
40
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Rotation period of our planet T is 31,557,600 m = 1.6726231 10 27 [kg] (F.8)
seconds, which is equal to frequency of
electromagnetic oscillation Wavelength is
So, curvature of the corresponding resonator (a ρ = 1/L = 132141.000 [1/m] (not taking
value reciprocal to wavelength) is following: mathematical power into account) (F.10)
ρ=1/L=1057.00 10 20 [1/m] (F.6) Taking mathematical power into account is not
important in this case, because this is just a
Let’s note that it is an integer value (1057) with matter of unit of length measuring i.e. the scale
good accuracy. Due to the fact that a dimension aspect. It is important that we obtain the integer
“one meter” was introduced as 107 of a distance curvature values with high precision in this case
(a part of meridian) from North Pole to Equator also.
of the planet, the integer value of curvature of
the electromagnetic resonator of the planet, 4. Resonance parameters of DNAmolecule
found by us, is predictable and accountable.
Integer values of curvature for the case of matter Parameters of DNA helical spiral molecule are
particles and other natural objects are known: diameter is 20 A, jaw is 34 A, branches’
interesting facts discovering mechanism of its displacement is by 0.7 period. One turn length
formation as resonance 4dimensional processes in a flatness measurement is 71.44117 А. The
in aether. Parameters of this process are value reciprocal to this wavelength, i.e.
determined by the planet process since the curvature of one turn, is integer with precision
planet is main mass object in our space of the third sign after dot!
time. We will give some examples.
ρ = 1/71.44117... = 13.997 = 14 [1/m] (not
2. Bohr’s atom taking power into account) (F.11)
Radius of Bohr’s atom (hydrogen) is R=0.52917 It should be taken into account that there are
[A]. According to F.3, we find that the 10 nucleotides in a convolution of DNA helix.
corresponding curvature amounts to one Branches are counterdisplaced by 0.7
convolutions. Length of this section is 50 А
ρ = 3/R = 1.00x10 9 [1/m] (F.7)
L=0.7 x 71.44117 = 50.00 [A] (F.12)
It should be mentioned that it is a simplest
atom, i.e. element of matter, and curvature of Correspondingly, curvature of this part of the
its space amounts to one. In other words, this is DNA molecule is also integer ρ = 2,00 [1/m],
a process taking place in similar four not taking power into account. Considering the
dimensional resonator as our planet 4 fact that both DNA branches are “twisted”
dimensional resonator, but of the another around cylindrical surface, we can mentally
mathematical order. So, the Universe is fractal superpose (join) them after linear displacement
design and we can see the same in a small and in along the cylinder’s axle for a distance
a great. corresponding with a single curvature. We can
make a conclusion that DNAstructure is
3. Proton reflection of a structure of some real energy
information field, which is not investigated yet.
Let’s calculate wavelength of a proton having From this point of view, DNA molecule can be
mass equal to considered as a parametrical 4dimensional
41
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
resonator generating and receiving energy global aether, is to acknowledge existence of an
oscillations of the given field to receive or to absolute reference frame, which practically
emit its information signals. Below, we will means existence of God. Actually, this is
describe which types of real physical fields can discussed by the theoretical scientists while the
have such structure to be used for DNA practicing ones use experimental facts. In 1932,
molecules communication. N. Tesla wrote that the universal medium is an
gaseous body, where only a longitudinal wave
The similar method can be used for calculation can be spreading... creating alternating
of resonance parameters of processes compression and decompression similar to those
corresponding to a codon (a part of DNA generated by soundwaves in air. Thus, a
molecule consisting of three nucleotides), the wireless transmitter does not generate Hertz
whole codelength (19.2 convolutions), waves, which are a myth, but generates sound
information codelength (18.3 convolutions), waves in aether. Their behavior is similar to
and stopcodonlength (0.9 convolutions). behavior of soundwaves in air, apart from the
fact that their speed is equal to speed of light
It is necessary to note that the molecule is due to huge elasticity and very small density of
twisted in proportions known in wireless this environment [2]. Now, it is possible to say
engineering as optimal ratio of the length of one that creation of longitudinal waves in aether is
turn L and the jaw X for antennas of circular an easy technical task and, practically, is
polarization indirectly used in special telecommunication
systems. Some researchers purposefully study
L/X = 2.1 (F.13) generation of aether currents by dividing a flow
of electrically charged particles and a flow of
So, the DNA molecular is designed as optimal aether particles using special technical devices
antenna. Taking this fact into consideration, (Tesla invented a magnetic breaker of electric
let’s consider physical basis of method of arc for this purpose).
transformation of energy and information signal
peculiar to DNA. Understanding of this method Then, let’s study an analogy with another
will allow developing systems of managed wave famous theory, which will help understand
influence on DNAmolecules to biological connection between longitudinal waves and the
objects in order to launch organism’s idea of “time”. A famous Russian scientist
reconstruction (rejuvenation) and, thereby, Nikolay A. Kozyrev created a theory of “active
preventing degradation of biological systems properties of time” [3] and showed
caused by changing of its genetic code. experimentally that any irreversible process in
material object (i.e. the changing of entropy)
Longitudinal waves generates “a wave of time density”. Methods of
detection these waves show that they are
A longitudinal wave is a wave, where changing longitudinal waves. Detectors based on quartz
of energy density occurs in the direction of wave resonators, used in experiments of Kozyrev,
distribution. An acoustic longitudinal wave is showed changing of oscillation frequency by
known, which is alternation of compression and some orders while, under usual conditions,
decompression of gas (air). Since Tesla and quartz resonators have stable oscillation
Hertz, a discussion about existence of frequency. In fact, this wave is compression
longitudinal electromagnetic waves in aether decompression of the space itself, i.e. comparing
continues. Today, a progressive part of practical space parameters of the compression area with
scientists study methods of generation and parameters of the depressed area, some relative
detecting such waves while the official difference of object’s sizes and speed of
theoretical science denies this opportunity. processes’ can be found. These changes in
Why? The reason is that the longitudinal wave matter of the detector’s sensors led to changing
can exists only in some medium, i.e. in a physical of their indications, for example, electrical
matter permitting compression and resistance of resistors or oscillation frequency
decompression, i.e. changes of energy density. of quartz changes. It is possible to say that
To acknowledge existence of such matter, i.e. a aether density determines space parameters and
42
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
speed of process of existing for any material the longitudinal waves can exist without
object, i.e. speed of time. Moreover, Kozyrev external power source and without transmitter
showed that changing of aether density leads of the wave for a long time. Actually, this is
to entropy or syntropy changes in matter. On aether life forms. Interference of longitudinal
the other hand, these changes create waves of waves generated by any irreversible process,
“time density”, i.e. waves of aether density, including the biological ones, creates
which can be considered as “waves of space permanent (selfmaintaining) holographic
dimension”. picture of the universal information field of the
planet, the so called “noosphere”. Studying the
Coming through air, a longitude wave in aether mechanism of DNA molecules information
also creates a soundwave, which can be easily exchange will allow creating new
detected. Due to this, many people mistakenly telecommunications methods. In connection
think that it is enough to generate usual sound with this, experiments of Akimov and Shipov
waves although method of sound generation [6] in this field show considerable promises.
plays an important role. For example, one of the Also the research on DNAmolecules
methods to generate volumetrical vibrations of irradiation by nonHertz (longitudinal)
matter is magnetostriction effect creating electromagnetic waves [7] show that there is an
soundwaves among the others. Nevertheless, analogy between methods of creation and
if in the case of magnetostriction the oscillator reproduction of holographic information and
is placed in vacuum, it will produce aether methods of creation and reproduction of genetic
vibrations only, i.e. the waves of energy density information. But we have to note that in this
we have discussed above. case it is 4dimensional holograph. Let’s
consider this idea in detail.
Let’s continue: research of P.P. Gariajev [4]
showed that biological genetic system can
transfer information using “electromagnetic Fourdimensional hologram
and sound waves”. Probably, the authors
discovered in their own experiments the This idea is an original term introduced here
mentioned above indirect effects of the by the author. In the usual holography,
longitudinal wave in aether since such waves information is saved in the depth of a photo
have sound and electromagnetic components. emulsion plate in the form of interference
An interesting practical question appears: how layers created by light waves incoming from
this wave can be generated or perceived by different points of the object while it is
DNAmolecules? scanned by a laser ray during holograms’
creation. In the fourdimensional holography,
Technically generation of electromagnetic information is saved on a time interval, which
waves with longitudinal component is possible cannot have a size less than the minimal one.
using spiral antennas (analogy between such This minimal size of the time interval is
antennas and DNAstructure was already connected with Planck's constant.
discussed in this article above), and also in the
case of volumetrical matter density changes or Then, during reproducing of the three
surface charge density changes. Special dimensional hologram, every point of the
characteristics of longitudinal waves generated plate (surface) gives a whole image of the
by changing of plasma density were investigated object because ray of light (usually the laser
in detail by Alexander V. Chernetsky [5] when beam) penetrates in the emulsion’s depth and
he developed a research on the so called “self it is reflected in every part of the interference
generating discharge”. We should note that, picture with different angle. The plate, where
using halfperiod of “negative electrical the threedimensional hologram is saved, can
conductivity” when electricfield vector is be broken to pieces but each piece will give a
directed towards current displacement vector, whole picture of the object in case a surface’s
according to the theory of Chernetsky, part is big enough for ray of light to come in
“conditions are created for energy transmission its depth at a certain angle.
from the environment to the wave”. Due to this,
43
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
It is analogy with some minimum period of gravitation control. Moreover, development
time for the 4dimensional case or with Plank of the fourdimensional curvature concept
constant for quantum world. Accordingly, allows understanding the physical meaning of
in order to save and reproduce the four time and developing a theory of four
dimensional hologram, one point of the three dimensional resonators, which create special
dimensional space is enough but the minimal conditions for vortex aether processes and,
time interval is necessary. On this time therefore, generate stable matter particles or
interval a pattern of Universal history (all isotopes. Studying fourdimensional
irreversible processes) is saved as in resonators clears the way to practical research
emulsion’s depth of 3dimensional hologram. on teleportation of matter, radioactivity
It is clear that technical methods for the case control, synthesis or controlled
of fourdimensional hologram differ from the transformation (transmutation) of matter
ones designed for the threedimensional particles for energy generation.
hologram. Instead of an image of the object
showing its threedimensional form in space, Thus, we can ground quantifying action by
we will reproduce events or processes as a Planck as a particular case and understand the
reflection of energy density changing in time physical meaning of the discovered rule of
(a fourdimensional image). The suggested integer curvature values of natural processes’
concept also allows obtaining some space. Obviously, there is the minimal time
information about future events, i.e. about interval (period) determined by energy
future irreversible processes in the material parameters of every process creating a space,
objects, which actually exist now. for example, the space of the planet, space of
some atom or DNA molecular. Integer value
of curvature in macroworld (the planet) and
Conclusions in microworld (Bohr’s atom) proves fractal
structure of Universe.
The conclusions are obvious: material
particles of each planet are resonance vortex
aether processes and characteristics of these References
processes depend on spacetime parameters of
this planet. Other planet determines other 1. P.D. Uspenskiy, Tertium Orgamium, A
parameters. This idea is not news but the key to mysteries of the world. S
calculating method is discussed here for the P e t e r s b u r g , 1 9 1 1 , r e p r i n t "A n d r e e v i
first time. Searching for facts confirming the Synovja", 1992, p. 19.
concept led us to discovery, which lies in 2. N.Tesla, "Pioneer Radio Engineer Gives
finding connections between value of space V i e w s o n P o w e r " , N e w Yo r k H e r a l d
curvature of natural objects, for example, Tribune, Sept.11, 1932.
proton or any matter particle, and the planet 3. N. Kozyrev, Selected works, LSU, 1991.
space’s curvature. It is discovered that 4. P.P. Gariajev, "Wave genetics. Prospects.”
curvature of the given objects (with high Moscow, 1998.
precision) is integer, in case we use SI system 5. A.V. Chernetskiy, "On physics of bio
and decimal numeration. These results can be energetic effects and their modeling",
explained by the fact that the measuring Moscow.VZPI, 1989.
system uses a concept of “meter” introduced 6 . R e p o r t " To r s i o n f i e l d s a n d t h e i r
into practice since 1795 as a one tenmillionth experimental display", A.E. Akimov, G.I.
sector of the Earth meridian from North Pole Shipov, Collection of reports "New ideas in
to Equator. Practical sense of the new natural science", S.Petersburg, "PiK",
approach is that it allows calculation of 1996.
resonance conditions of creation of the 7. G.Rein, "A bioassay for negative gaussian
material elements (both organic and other field associated with geometric pattern",
matter) for each planet. It is particularly Proc. of the 4th International Sim. on New
important for space projects and experiments Energy, Denver, May 1997, p.225
on changing of aether density, time and
44
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Multi-Rotor Homopolar Device
S. Godin and V. Roschin
smgodin@online.ru
www.rialian.com/rnboyd/godin-rocshin.htm
US Patent #6,822,361, Nov. 23, 2004
Back in 1831, Michael Faraday discovered that Homopolar generators usually have a single disk
a cylindrical magnet suspended by a string and or drum rotating in a stationary magnetic field
touching a mercury bath at the bottom could with sliding contacts. The sliding contacts often
generate electricity while spinning along its axis present high resisitance however. The
if a second electrical contact was made at the construction and operation of homopolar
periphery of the midpoint of the magnet. His machines for electric propulsion of marine
experiment was a onepiece homopolar machine vessels or railguns for example is already well
since the magnet and conductor were joined known. Such machines include motors and
together. Such Faraday generators have also generators wherein electrical current flows
been called acyclic, unipolar or homopolar through a conductor situated in a magnetic field
generators because no commutation or during rotation of the machine rotor. In the case
alternating of the magnetic poles is necessary of a homopolar motor, the current will develop
for this machine in order to generate electricity. a J x B force perpendicular to the direction of
The type of electrical output is most often direct its flow through the conductor and that of the
current (DC) unless specific means are designed magnetic field. In the case of a homopolar
to provide an interruption of radial conduction generator, a voltage dependent on the rotational
and thus simulate alternating current (AC). speed, magnetic field, and radius, is induced in
Historically, DC was championed by Thomas a conductor moving within the magnetic field.
Edison during the early part of the 20th century When current is drawn from the homopolar
while at the same time AC was championed by generator, it also develops a J x B force for the
Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse. In the same reason as with the motor but is referred to
future, DC will be coming back into style with as back torque or armature reaction. General
the emergence of ambient temperature reference information including basic principles
superconductive cables. Therefore, highly used to reduce back torque can be found in The
efficient homopolar generators will be in Homopolar Handbook by Thomas Valone
demand to meet the market demand for (ISBN 0964107015).
electricity.
The prior art rarely includes a onepiece
homopolar machines that rotate the magnet
with the disk. Even more unknown is the
concept of rolling contacts. Eliminating sliding
contacts is shown in the "Planetary Homopolar
Generator," IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin,
Vol. 17, No. 6, p. 178687, Nov., 1974, H. D.
Varadarajan. Using a conducting belt or rolling
contacts to gather current from a magnetic field
flux cutting rotor, there is an annular magnetic
field through which the rotor executes a
planetary motion. The large stresses resulting
from the centrifugal force of the massive,
unbalanced planetary rotor is a distinct
disadvantage, prohibiting high speed operation.
Fig. 1 Thus, only a low rate of rotation is possible with
45
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
necessary to utilize the homopolar generation
of the present invention or to initiate a
homopolar motoring effect. Homopolar
machines can reversibly function as motors as
well such as flywheels and used as energy
storage devices. First used in transportation
applications in the 1950's, flywheel powered
buses were designed to have the flywheel
accelerated at every stop. Composite rotors
currently have been developed which can spin
at very high revolutions (100,000 revolutions
per second); and the speed is limited by the
tensile strength of the rim of the rotor. By using
a multirotor design, the centrifugal forces of a
large disk can be greatly reduced and still
Fig. 2 maintain high energy storage or production. By
using magnetic bearings, the friction on the axis
of the rotor can be reduced sufficiently so that
the IBM design. The "Direct Current such rotors can maintain most of the energy for
Homopolar Machine" U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,618 several days. Electricity can then be tapped, as
to Hathaway demonstrates an analogous with a battery, on demand.
concept of relative motion between conductive
orbiting shaft and a stationary discshaped The IBM Varadarajan planetary rotor is
magnetized armature. Science Applications unbalanced and has a low rate of magnetic flux
International Corporation claims an obvious cutting due to its annular magnetic field design.
conductive belt, dual disk "Homopolar Motor The Hathaway direct current machine has
Generator" in U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,232 to Reed unbalanced conductive material orbiting the
that was already invented as the "Dynamo central magnetized disk which limits the
Electric Machine" of U.S. Pat. No. 406,968, rotational speed. The conductive belt designs
patented by none other than Nikola Tesla in can be subject to oxidation and slippage, even
1889, also with two unipolar magnetized rotors requiring a toothed timing belt on each axle as
connected by a conductive belt. The belted dual well. With most disk models of homopolar
unipolar machines solve one of the problems generators, as opposed to drum designs, sliding
that plague the field by offering two sliding contacts are the single most important
contacts at the low speed surface on the axle. contribution of resistance inhibiting the power
However, the present invention requires only output of the machine. Internal resistance is the
one sliding contact on the axle. These only limit to the output capability of a
conductive belt machines also demonstrate, in homopolar generator and it is important to
principle, the concept of a multirotor, planetary reduce all sources of internal resistance to
design, by the process of coordinate obtain maximum power output for a given input
transformation, since relative motion is the key torque. Rather than use high resistance carbon
to the operation of a homopolar generator. The brushes, medium resistance silvergraphite
concept of rolling contact is demonstrated with brushes or dangerous conductive liquids such
the Dalen "Dynamo Electric Machine" U.S. Pat. as mercury, low temperature solder, or sodium
No. 645,943, where two disks are turning in potassium, there is a need to eliminate frictional
opposite directions while in contact with each sliding contact at the high speed periphery of
other at their periphery. However, the axle of the magnetized rotor completely. Furthermore,
each disk must remain fixed in place whereas rather than maintaining two sliding contacts
each axle is in orbiting motion in the present which contribute friction and resistance, even
invention. The Roshchin machine Russian Pat. in the rolling and belted designs, there is a need
No. 2155435 contains a basic concept of magnet to cut the number in half to only one high
rotors orbiting a circular stator but does not current sliding contact. The present invention
include the intimate electrical contact satisfies both of these needs.
46
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Summary of the Invention instead utilizes a suitable rolling means attached
separately to magnets and also to the stator ring
The primary object of the invention is orbiting for intimately contacting and engaging nonslip
multirotor cylindrical magnets in rolling rolling between magnets and stator as they orbit
contact that eliminates friction while around the stator. The magnetized rotors
generating DC electricity. Another object of the maintain rotational synchronism and equal
invention is to provide high efficiency, low noise relative position to each other with a bearing
and low resistance in a high generator. Another means rotatably securing the top and bottom
object of the invention is that it uses readily end of each magnet to a corresponding
available materials in a dynamically balanced electrically conductive circular endplate. The
arrangement. A further object of the invention electrical energy is extracted, or inputted if used
is safety through reduced internal stress than as a motor, through contacts on the conductive
comparable homopolar machines with a single stator and at the machine's electrically
rotor. Yet another object of the invention is that conductive axle located in the center of the
it provides distributed generation around an air machine while rigidly attached to the top
core. Other objects and advantages of the circular endplate that rotates with all of the
present invention will become apparent from individually magnetized rotors. The only high
the following descriptions, taken in connection current, moving contact that is required is a
with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by single electrically conductive thrust bearing
way of illustration and example, an embodiment that supports the central axle. An insulating
of the present invention is disclosed. The thrust bearing meanwhile separates the axle
present invention comprises an improved from the center of bottom circular endplate. The
homopolar machine with dynamically balanced, stator, which is of course stationary,
axially parallel, cylindrical, electrically accomplishes the second contact means through
conductive magnets arranged circumferentially a standard electrical connection with no need
around the vertical axis of central stator ring. for any relative motion sliding contact. The
Such a design can be referred to as distributed stator may be optionally magnetized in the
generation since each magnet rotor generates opposite direction to the magnetized rotors in
only a fraction of the current that is transmitted order to improve the coercive force or magnetic
through the machine. Thus, the conductive flux density of the rotors by closing the
bearings contacting the center of each end of magnetic circuit. The drawings constitute a part
the magnet rotors may carry only one tenth or of this specification and include exemplary
less of the total current. The multirotor embodiments to the invention, which may be
homopolar also does not include sliding embodied in various forms.
contacts at each magnetized rotor rim but
More information
47
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
AKOIL company products
ul. Kommunarov, 295, Izhevsk, Russia
Tel/fax: (+7 3412) 420748
tel. (+7 3412) 431621
www.akoil.ru
Vortex heatgenerators
In 1994, Potapov started constructing VHGs
Vortex heatgenerators (VHG) have different (which is more exactly, CVHGs – cavitation
names, for example, the Potapov heatgenerator, vortex heatgenerators). Their efficiency was a
but the most of articles, advertisements and little more than 100%. They operate the
various websites mention only big, noisy, following way: a pump flushes water under small
unreliable types of VHGs created by Yu.S. pressure through a little sieve where cavitation
Potapov in the 90th of the last century. processes occur. Multiple cavitation bubbles
(cavities) blow up and give excessive heat. Of
In Russia as well as in the former USSR, course, this is a simplified description of VHGs’
scientists constructed and operated devices of operation though it explains rather exactly how
more than 100% efficiency. These devices are first vortex heatgenerators operated.
progeny of the wellknown Ranke vortex tube
invented in the early 20th of XX century. Drawbacks of the first generation of VHGs
However, it happened only after the World War disturbed many customers and hamper
2 that vortex effect began to be widely used. In promotion. Since that time construction and
1946, a German physician R. Hilsch gave design of VHGs considerably changed. VHGs
guidelines on constructing VHGs in its of the seventh generation produced by various
experimental research of the vortex tube. Since companies by repetition and limited production
then, the tubes are sometimes called Ranke have nothing in common with the design of the
Hilsch tubes. The vortex tube was a basis of the first generation VHGs. Particularly, a VHG’s
first heat generating devices. motor does not operates as a pump now and
overall energy is used for heat generation, i.e.
VHG operates only as a heater while a simple
and cheap circulation pump makes liquid
circulate in the system. Problems connected
with impermeability and noise have also been
solved.
48
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
products, mixing oil products or fuel with water
(it gave amazing results during lorry testing:
engine power increased, exhaust became
clearer), emulsion production, water
purification and disinfection etc.
49
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
used for various purposes; heating of liquids up
to 100C and higher; heat generators can be used
in oilrefining and oilproduction industries for
heavy oil dilution and its treating for the
following oil refining. This will considerably
diminish expenses for oil heating; for plants
watering (which causes disinfection and
structural changes of water and exerts
wholesome influence on plants).
• Portability.
50
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Table. 2. Characteristics of steamgenerators
season expenses on electric energy are from 1 packing plants, battery farms, fruits and
to 5 watt per 1 sq. meter. vegetables’ processing, juice and mushrooms’
production.
Vortex heatgenerators produced by Akoil
correspond with standard 361400116899178 Steamgenerators are used in dryers of furniture
2004 and certified according to factories, veneer mills, brickworks, mold
RU.АЯ09.В03495. making shops, frameandpanel construction,
asphalt plants, paper mills, for production of
ferroconcrete items (steaming of cement ducts
Vortex steamgenerator (VSG) and ferroconcrete items), production of toilet
paper, tissue paper, at textile plants, in chemical
The steamgenerator is a device for steam and industry, production of general mechanical
heat energy production providing for quick rubber goods, foam plastic (cellular
heating of liquid up to steam formation. Steam polystyrene), for heating of baths, autoclaves,
is an effective energy carrier. It is used for hot steam presses and othet steam devices and
watersupply and heating of buildings, cottages, customers.
transport vehicles, oil, black oil, paraffin, drying
of agricultural products and wood. This is far Steam is used for heating of black oil, at oil fields
from the complete list of possible heatgenerator for steamheat influence on oilbearing bed in
applications. order to increase efficiency of oil extraction and
intensification of oil production, on tankers
Akoil company offers you perfect carrying oil products, for heating of containers
steamgenerators. They produce steam by and vessels during anchorage.
cavitation, friction and synthesis of water
molecules. These processes occur Steam boilers are used for bathhouses,
simultaneously and cause formation of excessive laundries, drycleaner's, for heating of sterilizers
heat energy. Due to this, steam is formed during and for sterilization, disinfection, degreasing
one water cycle. Vortex steamgenerators not and steam cleaning, for steaming.
only save electric energy but also exclude
expenses for fuel transportation and for laying
and repair of steamlines. Electric power stations using air
Brief characteristics:
Application of steamgenerators
Power – 50kW (up to 5,000 kW is possible);
Steam is technologically used in food industry: Operation at pressure 0.1 atm.; Air consumption
at bottlers and breweries, tinned food and starch is 1200 cub./hour; Operates in the autonomous
factories, breadbaking and macaroni plants, mode selfsufficiently; Selfsufficiency requires
confectioneries, mills, dairies, buttermaking 35% of energy while 70% left are used for
plants, soap works, tobacco production, meat operation.
51
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Company News
Environ Energy Company be the judge that this is indeed a great
invention.
email@environenergy.co.uk
Environ, PO BOX 34734, ISLINGTON We at Environ Energy are not claiming that we
LONDON, N7 7XA, ENGLAND
TEL: 02076865594, 02076867599; FAX: 02076867629 have created a new form of technology that
gives out more than it puts in.
52
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
The main piston chamber spring is compressed To start the Waranlinc wheel spinning is simple,
on the up cycle and the ram is locked. This is the wheel is primed at an angle, the brake
now stored energy. applied this means the wheel is unable to spin
once the brake is taken off the wheel begins to
The energy in the compressed chamber spring spin. To stop the wheel spinning, you apply the
is released at the firing point, propelling a bullet brakes.
weight upwards to the top where a one way gate
is. This allows the bullet to go up but does not Environ has also invented the generator that
come down. when attached to the wheel produces electricity.
53
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
First results from the Levitated Dipole
Experiment (LDX) were presented at a meeting
Perendev Magnetic Motor update
of the American Physical Society the week of Тел.: +49897201360; Факс: +49897201615
Nov. 15. Scientists and students described more P.O.1368 Gilching 82198 Germany
development@perendevpower.com
than 100 plasma discharges created within the mikebrady@mweb.co.za
new device, each lasting from 5 to 10 seconds.
Xray spectroscopy and visible photography
recorded spectacular images of the hot, confined After 30 years, Perendev has researched and
plasma and of the dynamics of matter confined developed a motor that is ready to go to the
by strong magnetic force fields. market. Units’ availability will be 20KW
Magnet Motor. Later larger units will become
A dedication for LDX, the United States' available: 60KW, 120KW, 200KW, 300KW,
newest approach to nuclear fusion, was held in 600KW, 1MW, 4MW and also to client specs.
late October. Fusion energy is advantageous Perendev will be ready to take orders for
because its hydrogen fuel is practically limitless machines in the New Year: all orders will only
and the resulting energy would be clean and be accepted on an official order form. The form
would not contribute to global warming as does will be available on the web page in a few weeks.
the burning of fossil fuels. Scientists using the Orders will only be accepted by email and no
LDX experiment will conduct basic studies of payments are to be made with order. Placement
confined hightemperature matter and of back orders will be posted to you by email as
investigate whether the plasma may someday to time and date of delivery.
be used to produce fusion energy on Earth.
Fusion energy is the energy source of the sun Comments
and stars. At high temperature and pressure,
light elements like hydrogen are fused together From the Energy2000 yahoo group, "gr8wyfe"
to make heavier elements, such as helium, in a writes: I have become tired of trying to get any
process that releases large amounts of energy. meaningful information about the status of the
Perendev Magnetic Motor on this and other
Powerful magnets, such as the ring in LDX, similar sites, so I decided to email Mike Brady
provide the magnetic fields needed to initiate, directly and see what is up. To my surprise, Mike
sustain and control the plasma in which fusion emailed me back almost immediately. The
occurs. Because the shape of the magnetic force following is his response:
fields determines the properties of the confined
plasma, several different fusion research From Mike Brady: "Thanks for your email.
experiments are under way throughout the Firstly let me put you at ease, the motor is very
world, including a second experiment at MIT, far advanced. Some of the difficulties that we
the Alcator CMod, and the HBTEP had were not directly related to the motor, but
experiment at Columbia University. rather to improving the design relating to mass
production. We have a running motor that like
LDX tackles fusion with a unique approach, all new designs has a few flaws which we are
taking its cue from nature. The primary addressing and for the most part have resolved.
confining fields are created by a powerful We intend to launch the motor in the mid of
superconducting ring about the size of a truck January or end of January, depending on media
tire and weighing more than a halfton that will availability."
ultimately be levitated within a large vacuum
chamber. A second superconducting magnet I hope that at least a few of you reading this are
located above the vacuum chamber provides the as excited as I am about this motor. If it is what
force necessary to support the weight of the it is reported to be, then it should be the most
floating coil. The resulting force field resembles significant development in the history of energy.
the fields of the magnetized planets, such as I can’t think of a more ideal "free energy" device.
Earth and Jupiter. Satellites have observed how Let’s all hope that, by the end of the month, we
these fields can confine plasma at hundreds of are able to celebrate it's public emergence and
millions of degrees. perhaps the beginning of an energy revolution.
54
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Thermolevitation
S.A. Gerasimov
Fig. 1. Pseudolevitation
Fig. 2. Angular dependence of the relative lift force of pseudo
levitation reckoning the secondary scattering (solid line) and
disregarding one (dashed line)
Levitation of an asymmetrical body based on
screening of gas by the same body is considered.
For a first view, the idea of this work is very horizontally and deliver the vertical component
simple. Consider a system of wedges located in of the momentum 2psin 2(α/2)=p to the
the atmosphere as shown in Fig. 1. Suppose that considered side. Therefore, the lift force equals
a distinctive size of a wedge is much less that the zero at α=π/2. Such an angular dependence of
range of the molecules of air. If we consider the the relative lift force f is shown in Fig. 2.
simplified model of the ideal gas accordingly
which the molecules may move in three The relative lift force is ratio of the lift force to
mutually perpendicular directions only, one of the force exerted by the lower side of the system.
them is vertical and another two are horizontal, It happens that each m2 of the system can exert
we should assume existence of nonzero lift the lift force equal to onequarter of 105 N !
force. This lift force arises due to the screening Nature does not like simple solutions.
of the molecules moving horizontally. Something wrong is in such simple
considerations though this example proves a
A molecule the momentum of which is p^=mv possibility of the levitation. First of all, the
moving vertically upwards collides with a lower direction of this lift force is opposite to that
side of a wedge delivering the momentum following from qualitative speculations [1].
2p=2mv to this side. A molecule the momentum
of which is pv=mv moving down deliveries the
vertical component of the momentum
2pcos2(α/2) to the wedge, where α/2 is the
angle between a flank side of the wedge and the
horizontal. Therefore, the lift force, if it exists,
must be proportional 1cos2(α/2). It is so if the
molecules scattered by the next side do not
reach the considered side of the wedge. This
takes place at α<π/3. At α=π/2, all molecules Fig. 3. Single (a) and double (b) scattering of molecules by
scattered by the neighboring wedge move system of wedges
55
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
neighboring side such as SO=OD. This means
that angles Θ in Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b between the
normal n to a surface and the borders AS and
BD of the fields of the scattering gas are equal.
One may guess that the module of net force
acting on the flank side must be equal to that
acting on the lower side of the halfwedge. Thus,
the total force acting on the system of wedges
is zero. Results of exact calculations plotted in
Fig. 4 confirm such a conclusion. To all
Fig. 4. Relative contributions of single (V) and double (<) appearance, an alternative conclusion [1] is
scattering to the total force acting on the system of wedges
wrong.
There is meaning to consider a more correct How to put down the contribution from double
distribution of molecules. For simplicity we will scattering? There exists a method to do this one.
study the system located in a twodimensional It is sufficiently to cool the system of wedges.
gas (Fig. 3). In this case molecules will lose the energy
during collisions and, therefore, the
All the molecules momenta of which are in the compensation of the force acting on the lower
angle ASC (Fig. 3a) collide with a surface side of the system will not be full.
element situated at a point S and, therefore,
partly compensate the force F^ acting on the Unfortunately, nobody knows how to
lower side of the halfwedge. The angular investigate the energy losses theoretically. The
dependence of the force FV exerted on the flank only way to take the energy losses into account
side of the halfwedge due to single scattering is to use a model, say, of the elastic scattering
is shown in Fig. 4. of the gas by solid state material. Let m1 be the
mass of the molecule of the gas and m2 is an
If directions of moving molecules are concluded effective value of molecular mass of the target.
in the angle BDN (Fig. 3b), then the molecules
scattered by a surface element located at point One should consider the effective magnitude of
D of the neighboring side contribute to the force mass since a molecule of gas transfers the energy
acting on the considered side of the wedge. to the number of molecules of the wedge. For
molecules of air, the accomodation coefficient
This contribution F< arising due to the double is immediate to unit [2]. Therefore the mean
scattering is also shown in Fig. 4 as a function energy <∆E> lost by the molecule is
of angle α. For each point S on the considered <∆E>=k(T1T2), where k is the Boltzmann
side of the wedge, there exists a point N on the constant and T 1 and T 2 are the Kelvin
Fig. 5. Relative energy lost by the molecule as a function of Fig. 6. Relative lift force as a function of the mass ratio at
the molecular mass ratio at α=π/2. α=π/2
56
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
temperatures of the gas and the wedge, asymmetrical body in the turbulent media [3].
respectively. On the other side the value <∆E> There may appear other arguments, depending
is proportional to the temperature of the gas: on a considered model, which prohibit the
<∆E>=ε(α,δ)kT 1 , where δ=m 2/m 1. Thus, levitation due to heating or cooling a body. One
ε(α,δ)=1T2/T1. There is meaning to consider must be grateful for such arguments. These
the best variant α=π/2. At α=π/2, the arguments will enable us to save energy and
dependence ε(δ,α) is shown in Fig. 5. Suppose time for searches of other principles of
that T1/T2=0.967 that corresponds to room levitation.
temperature and T1T2=10oK. This gives δ≅250
(Fig. 5). References
Now we are in a position to estimate the lift 1. Beshok M.P. Energy from Air. // New
force. The relative lift force as a function of Energy Technology. 2003. No 4(13). P. 3132.
the ratio δ at α=π/2 is shown in Fig. 6. In this 2. Hurlbut F. On the Molecular Interactions
case we have a perfectly reasonable value of the between Gases and Solids. // Dynamics of
lift force f =0.0016 that corresponds to the lift Manned Lifting Planetary Entry. NewYork
force 160 N acting on each m2 of the system. London: Wiley. 1963.
3. Blekhmann I.I. What Can Vibration Do?
In the meanwhile, this is only an idea though it On Vibrational Mechanics and Vibrational
reminds us somewhat a motion of an Technique. // Moscow: Nauka. 1988.
News
Having taken no profits from his publishing Energy from the Vacuum is the world's first
venture for a year has allowed Tom Bearden and only book to correct many of the errors
to subsidize the reprinting of his ground and omissions in today's science, removing
breaking book Energy from the Vacuum theoretical impediments to the extraction of
Concepts & Principles. free energy from the vacuum. It also catalogs
the pioneering efforts of many of the
Consequently he is pleased to announce a inventors who have indeed extracted this free
substantial price reduction of this unique energy over the years. Over forty different
1000page volume to $59, including U.S. methodologies are described in detail, some
domestic shipping (USD $69 for global of them replicable at the high school level.
shipping). The student discount price for
qualified students has also been slashed. See Thanks also to all you supporters and
h t t p : / / w w w. c h e n i e r e . o r g / s a l e s / volunteers who have helped make this
order_by_credit_card.htm possible.
57
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
REMOTE INFLUENCE OF ROTATING
OBJECTS ON SEMICONDUCTOR
GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR
I.A.Melnik
E-mail: migranis@mail.ru
According to statistical analysis of peaks of full of the physical field’s potential generated by
absorption and gamma radiation’s amplitude, rotating objects. This statement is based on
experimental and theoretical confirmations of shifting of statistical distribution of peak and
rotating objects’ remote influence on readings of amplitude’s square towards diminution and
semiconductor spectral equipment. It is shown measuring with rotation and without it.
that value of statistical distribution’s shift Quantity of shift depends both on
depends on speed changing of collection of electromagnetic interference and
semiconductor’s charges. A physical field nonelectromagnetic component of the physical
generated during rotation, which is not connected field. This work includes experimental and
with electromagnetic component, influences on theoretical researches showing the
speed of collection. electromagnetic component’s influence on time
of charge collection of semiconductor detector.
1. Introduction
58
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
On Fig. 1, a semiconductor detector (1), a Implementation factors (temperature and
gammaray source (2) and a steel beaker with voltage changes) did not influence the peak’s
liquid (3) located on the one line, which is square. The influence is possible only provided
perpendicular to the floor, are shown. Vortex that there is drift of a few units (keV) during
rotation of liquid was made by blades at a motor spectrum gathering.
axis (4).
Second, being typically Gaussian, the peak is
Steel discs (without the beaker, of course) were characterized by the gravity centre (the first
also used as rotating objects. A 250watt derivative from the function, the approximating
commutator motor was attached to a post. The peak, turns into zero), i.e. by its place on energy
motor axis rotating with angular velocities 2100 scale. During each measuring, gravity centre of
and 6000 revolutions per minute (r/m) was the peak was registered.
located above radioactive isotope source at
distances determined by the experiment’s Third, as comparative analysis was carried out
conditions. Sources (Cs 137, Co 60 etc.) were for readings of two operation modes, in order
attached at props of different heights from the to avoid a systematic mistake (drift of
semiconductor detector (SCD). Distance from gravitation centre), mode of the experiment
the radioactive source to the detector was changed after each ten measurements.
determined so that peak’s square was S~8000 Measuring was carried out during two
11000 pulses during not more than a minute. operation modes alternately. Statistical
In case there was no the standard emission distribution of gravity centre in rotating mode
source of the previously chosen isotope, the Erot regarding gravity centre in nonrotating
studied element was irradiated by Tomsk mode Est was studied. It allowed exclusion of
research nuclear pile according to the method drift value.
of neutron activation analysis. Size of the
source did not exceed 0.25 cm2. Forth, the post of the electric motor was
attached to a massive steel table (~60 kg) while
The semiconductor Ge(Li)detector, a Dewar bottle (31 kg) was on a soft tray
preamplifier, an amplifier, and an analyzer were preventing transmission of small vibrations
used as measurement equipment. The full from the electric motor to the detector.
absorption peak’s square, which is proportional
to quantity of registered quanta, and peak’s It was only impossible to prevent influence of
centre of gravity, which is proportional to electromagnetic fields of the electromotor,
photon energy, from various sources of generation of signal under discrimination lower
radioactive energy were measured. Data on the level. It could lead to increase of total dead time
analyzed spectrum was processed by "Search" of the registered equipment and diminish square
program developed in Dubna. Width of energy of friendly signal’s peak. Theoretical analysis of
resolution did not exceed 3 kiloelectronvolt this situation will be shown below.
(keV). During a measuring hour shift of the
peak’s centre of gravity did not exceed 0.5 keV. Statistical analysis of experimental results was
carried out with 95%credibility value.
The peak was measured during two operation
modes: motor working and stopped. Rotation
was carried out both clockwise and 3. Experimental results and their analysis
anticlockwise. During the experiment, quality
of measuring was carried out when gathering Experimental results connected with changing of
spectrum. Quality was determined by the rotation direction (clockwise and anticlockwise,
following characteristics: first, due to significant view from above) are shown on Fig. 2. The steel
changing of voltage or leakage current disk (90 mm in diameter, 5 mm thick) attached
appearance (caused by humidity increase), the to the motor axis rotates with angular velocity
peak’s width increases, i.e. energy resolution of 6,000 r/m. During each operating mode, 60
increases. Hence, accuracy of the peak’s square measurements of the peak’s square were carried
determination goes down considerably. out by isotope Cs137’s energy of 661.6 keV.
59
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
During further experiments, three steel disks
hafted alternately on the motor axle with
diameter of 90 mm and thickness of 5 mm were
used as a generator of influence field. Distance
between disks and isotope Cs137 was ~100 m.
Steel grade was 40XA. The first disc (#1) was
made of new steel, which had not been used in
production; the second (#2) and the third (#3)
ones were made of a material actively used
during a year.
Thus, the two last discs differ from the first one
Fig. 2.Statistical distribution of full absorption peaks during in certain accumulated metal fatigue, i.e. they
measuting of photon emittio. 1 nonrotating mode; 2 have many inner defects. Using 15mmdistance
clockwise rotation mode; 3 anticlockwise rotation mode.
between the isotope source and the detector, the
Distance between the disk and the radioactive following results were obtained in the static
source was 97 mm; between the source and the mode: average peak’s square Sst=12248 pulses,
detector – 20 mm. Average measure of the peak’s σ=38, time of spectrum gathering (live) t=35
square in nonrotating mode is Sst=11734 pulses, sec. later, measurements in rotation modes were
standard mistake is σ=46.8; in the anticlockwise implemented. A difference (shift) in average
rotation mode it is Spr=10375 pulses, σ=25.5, values of the peak ∆S rotn=SstSrotn where “n”
while during clockwise rotation it is Spo=8693 means the number of the studied disk. The
pulses, σ=83.5. Univariate analysis regarding following results were got: ∆Spr1=4207 pulses,
static mode has shown that Fishercriteria are σ=235; ∆Spo1=5337 pulses, σ=196; ∆Spr2=1146
Fstpo=1009 and Fstpr=649 while critical value is pulses, σ=64; ∆Spo2=423 pulses, σ=42; ∆Spr3=722
Fstpo=1009. pulses, σ=129; ∆Spo3=789 pulses, σ=44. Shift of
average values of the peak’s square and its
Due to the fact that distribution shift depends on dispersion depends on condition of internal
rotation direction, we can suggest that influence structure of the rotating object.
field has spatial orientation (left or right) and,
accordingly, orthonormal matter screening the Studying influence of the rotating matter (liquid)
field influences distribution shift. A on type of statistical distribution of the peak’s
polyethylene coil with diameter of 70 mm and square, an effect of nonPoisson distribution
height of 20 mm consisting of righttwisted retention after the motor was turned off was
fosta nylon filament was used as a screen discovered. Angular velocity of the axle was
between the motor axle and emission source
(Fig. 1).
Table #1
61
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Fig. 4. Dependency of peak's square (1) and relative pulse amplitude (2)
on number of measuring, during zinc isotope measuring in rotating mode
Univariate analysis for two types of distribution Sd2pr=1237 pulses, σ=19.6, i=93%, sd2pr=1154
gave criteria F 14=150.9 and F 24=6.6 while pulses. Thus, significant increase of the peak
Fk=3.9. Hence, the more discharging of the double’s square takes place with regard to the
detector, the more difference in the peak’s nonrotating mode. Difference in the peak
square distribution during different operation double energy value (during second measuring)
modes, though relative energy (amplitude) comparing Pr and St modes is ∆Estpr=0.87 keV
distribution for the two types does not change. while σpr=0.04 keV. Increase of the detector’s
charging also increases the peakdouble, for
Investigating dependence of shift value of example, during simultaneous measuring of two
statistical distribution from spatial location of cesium isotopes the following values
the system “source detector” regarding the determined: sd3st=1442 pulses, sd3pr=1869 pulses.
electric motor along the motor axle, changing
of this value was noticed up to complete In order to study the peakdouble’s behavior
coincidence of measuring distributions during depending on energy of the registered photons,
rotating and nonrotating modes. Within the along with cesium peaks Co60 with energy of
limits of 1030 mm from the rotating object 1173 keV and 1332 keV and, accordingly, peaks’
(rotating speed of liquid is 2100 rev/min), squares with energy of 1183 keV and 1343 keV
maximal value of shift in the peak distributions were measured. The experiment results are
was found. registered in table #2. In this case, energy of
registered emission and detector charging
Analysis of implementation spectrum of cesium increase. Comparing two cesium experiments,
isotope measuring has revealed one more peak changing dynamics of peaks’ squares for
with average energy of 669.6 keV. Its rate (i) in different operating modes considerably differs.
the sampling is different for various modes and When the experiment is repeated (the second
geometries of measuring. We name it a peak measuring) with cobalt, the difference of the
double – S d. During the first measuring in cesium peakdouble energy is ∆Estpr=1.37 keV,
nonrotating mode, it was measured that σpr =0.087 keV.
Sd1st=874 pulses, σ=54.1, i=15%. Accordingly,
we determine average square of the peakdouble
taking into account rate of implementation Table #2
spectra in the sampling, i.e. sd=Sdi/100, where
sd1st=131 pulses. During anticlockwise rotation, S661 S 1173 S 1332 sd669 sd1183 sd1343
Sd1pr=1197 pulses, σ=15.5, i=76%, sd1pr=917 St 10123 9505 8886 1829 120 0
pulses. Measuring another cesium source, the Pr 5536 4742 3988 687 710 522
following values were obtained: S d2st =904 Po 7085 6386 5769 1331 1543 1173
pulses, σ=34.0, i=13%, s d2 st =120 pulses,
62
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Measuring of implementation spectrum for geometrical conditions (rotation speed
clockwise and anticlockwise rotation was changing, measuring geometry, presence or
carried out on different days. Then correlation absence of liquid) was studied. Dependence of
dependences of peaks and peakdoubles’ medians MS(ME) of the according distributions
samplings in each modes were studied. The Erot/Est and S* rot/S*st, where S* is sampling
correlation coefficients obtained were values of the peak’s square. Almost all values of
registered in Table 3. In order to diminish size these medians are less than 1. The following
of the table, all columns having correlation dependence of medians ∆ME(∆MS) was built:
coefficients less than 0.6 were deleted. The
following rules are discovered: ∆MS=|1S*rot/S*st| and ∆ME=|1Erot/Est|Eγ, (1)
Table #3
Pr1173 1
Pr1332 0.85 1
Pr1183 0.72 0.49 1
Pr1343 0.82 0.90 0.46 1
St1173 0.06 0.02 0.25 0.18
St1332 0.03 0.05 0.31 0.17
Po1173 0.46 0.43 0.43 0.43 1
Po1332 0.58 0.58 0.49 0.46 0.85 1
Po1183 0.11 0.03 0.47 0.44 0.61 0.37
Po1343 0.59 0.52 0.35 0.74 0.49 0.40
St661 0.09 0.05 0.33 0.38 0.21 0.18
Pr661 0.89 0.87 0.66 0.83 0.46 0.61 1
Po661 0.61 0.57 0.49 0.61 0.86 0.94 0.65 1
St669 0.24 0.22 0.12 0.39 0.04 0.01 0.29 0.10
Po669 0.46 0.44 0.33 0.54 0.80 0.74 0.42 0.76
Pr669 0.47 0.48 0.28 0.70 0.26 0.33 0.62 0.36
63
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
motor can influence amplitude and square of the
friendly signal’s peak. We know that capacity
Cw and resistance Rw are attached to the input
stage of the amplifier. So, Cn=Cd+Cw (a) and
R n=RdR'w/(Rd+R' w) (b), where R'w= RwR wc/
(R w+R wc ). Having a variable component of
current, capacitance Rwc=1/ωCw, where ω is a
cycling frequency of alternating current
generated, occurs. Thus, not taking into account
variable component influence on the detector’s
capacity (i.e., Cn=Cw), we have
Fig. 5. Dependence of difference of energy distribution
medians (amplitude) on difference of peak's square
distribution medians during rotation regarding nonrotating tn=RdRwCw/(RdRwCwω+Rd+Rw) (4)
mode; theoretical curves, 1tn/p=1.73, 2tn/p=2.1,
3tn/p=2.43
putting tm=tn/p in the expression of the peak’s
of output signal; tn is a coefficient of RCchain square, we get
time; input amplitude is U0=Qtn/t cob [5, 6].
Using the expression (1) and knowing that Srot=Sst(1ntn/p) (5)
U0~Eγ, we can write Est=Eγ[1exp(t/t'n)]. Due
to the fact that analysis of experimental data In this case, we can suggest that total speed of
was carried out in relative values, we can use an the analyzer’s calculation will be increased by
assumption that Estconst and Erot=Eγ[1exp( the impulse component generated by the
t/t n)]. After small transformations, the motor’s collector, jw, where w is rotation
expression (1) is the following frequency and j is ratability coefficient, i.e.
n=nΣ+jw. Hence, in case ω and w increase, the
∆ME=M[exp(t/tn)+B1], (2) peak’s square and impulse amplitude
where M=Eγ/B, B=1exp(t/t'n) – const. diminishes, due to U0~tn.
Let’s pay attention to the time coefficient, Value jump tn/p seems to be connected with
which is the product of resistance and load quantum effect in the semiconductor detector,
capacitance of the detector tn=RnCn. Amplitude which is caused by the generated
U 0~tn and average dead time of amplitude multicomponent physical field influencing
digital transformer (ADT) is tm~U, so we have group speed of charge and changing t cob
tn=ptm, where p is a coefficient of ratability (apparently p~ tcob). Below, we will describe
[pulse] because of tm. Sst value is a peak’s square influencing degree of electromagnetic
if tm=0. Using the expression Srot=Sst(1nΣtm), component.
where n Σ is a total speed of the analyzer’s
calculation over all canals, we determine the
loading time t n=(p/n)[1S rot /S st ]. Putting
dependence of the loading time in the equation
(2), we will get an equation of pulse amplitude
changing in dependence on the peak’s square
changing
∆ME=M[exp{tn/(p[1Srot/Sst])}+B1] (3).
64
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Germaniumlithium generator is kept at the Collection of nonequilibrium charges in the
liquid nitrogen temperature. Acceptor dopant semiconductor detector happens in the
of lithium creates pin hole conduction, so following way. After photoeffect, electron gets
maximal collection time is connected mostly energy sufficient for cascade process of balanced
with speed of hole’s diffusion, i.e. tcob=d/v, where charges’ dislodging. Most electrons go to
d is a width of the barrier region; v is an average acceptor. Accordingly, normal band is zone of
(group) speed of holes [7]. It is known that ptype conductivity. In this research, collection
d=[χ(U c U 1)/(2πeN a )]: χ is a dielectric time depends only on diffusion speed of holes.
constant, Uc is a bias, U1=0.3В for germanium, Changing of the collection time influences both
Na is a concentration of acceptors. At the same the peak’s square and input amplitude. It is
time, charging speed v~[Uc ]1/2, and we can confirmed by following arguments. If ω=0,
write, accordingly, that tcob~ [UcU1]1/2/[Uc]1/2, impulse amplitude depends on the ratio tn /tcob.
and if Uc=1500 V, we can make a conclusion that Putting equations (a), (b) and Rd=λtcob (λ is a
collection time does not depend on changing of constant while Eγconst) in the expression (4)
bias. and lightly modifying it as the dependence
tn(tcob), we get tn(tcob)=RwCwλtcob /(λtcob+Rw).
Meanwhile, loading time is proportional to the
detector’s capacity. Due to Cd=1.1χs/(4πd), a Due to λtcob<<Rw (λtcob~105 ohm; Rw~108 ohm),
proportion t n ~1/[U c] 1/2 forms. Obtained the expression can be changed as
dependences show that the electrical field tn(t cob)≅C wλt cob. In case Q=q/C w, the input
influences only loading time but not tcob. In impulse amplitude is U0≅qλ. The less tcob, the
connection with this, it is necessary to clear a more the expression (1exp(t/t n )) and,
physical meaning of Θx=tn/p value (x=1; 2; 3). accordingly, the more impulse amplitude.
We determine the dependency Θx(tcob) using the Putting the obtained dependence tn(tcob) in the
constant electrical component ωconst. Due to equation (5), we calculate S(tcob)≅S0{1G[1
the fact that tm~U и U0~tn and using the formula exp(t/Cw λt cob)]}, where G=nTλC w. Thus,
of impulse amplitude, we can make the increasing of the collection time diminishes the
following expression Atm=(Qtn/tcob)[1exp(t/ peak’s square (Fig. 4).
t n)], where A [pulse x V/c] and Q [V] are
constants. If Q/A=Tconst, we can write using Group speed of a hole depends on energy level
the expression р=(t cobA/Q)/[1exp(t/t n)] of normal band, that is expressed as v=dE/
while Ttn=υconst that dk(2π/h), where k is a phase vector and h is
Planck's constant. In scalar form, E=h 2k2/
Θx(tcob)= (υ/tcob) [1exp(t/tn)]. (6) (8π2m) close to normal band’s borders. Effective
mass of mhole depends on state of energy level,
An equation shows that, measuring relative its width and charge motion’s direction in a
shift of the peak’s square of gammaquanta of crystal. Correspondingly, reciprocal of effective
different energies emitted by the same mass is determined as double tensor. It is known
radioactive source (for example, Co), the peak’s that energy is maximal close to normal band’s
shift value can be different for each energy types limit if k=0. In case energy level reaches borders
(different tcob). Experimental results confirm of Brillouin zone of the according kfield k=π/
this conclusion. For instance, during a; 2π/а …, a band gap forms, due to charge
simultaneous measuring of Со (1332 and 1173 diffraction on potential of the lattice. If kvector
keV) and Cs (661.6 keV), points of increases, energy jumps according to the level.
experimental values ∆МE(∆МS) of energy of Using the expression (6), in case tnconst, we
1332 and 661.6 keV was located on curve #2 can write a following proportion
while a point of 1773keVenergy was located
on curve #1 (Fig. 5). The most of experimental Θx(tcob)~1/ tcob~v~dE/dk~k/m.
points of 1773keVenergy are located on curve
#1 while points of 661.6keVenergy are Thus, values of the peak’s square shift and
distributed evenly on three curves. Thus, it is amplitude are directly connected with changing
necessary to find out a cause of jump of the of energy level and phase vector of the
charge collection time. semiconductor’s charges.
65
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Functional dependence of the registered peak’s constant field orienting charges’ spins, which
square on charge collection time and, is not the electromagnet component.
accordingly, on energy levels’ state allows
finding out physical meaning of the effect of Collection time changing influences the peak
duplet formation in statistical distribution of double’s behavior. The peak is formed due to
the peak. Duplet can be caused only by energy effect of temporary charge recombination
level splitting. The splitting leads to changing (stick) [9]. Time, when charges are attached in
of the medium level’s state and tcob value. In this stick zone, is tpr=N/[γNp(Nnz)], where N is
case, experiments with the turnedoff motor concentration of stick levels in stick trapping
(Fig. 3) can be taken as an example of sites, γ=σv is constant recombination, σ is a
nonelectromagnetic component of the physical capture crosssection. Np is density of free state
field existence [8]. Analysis of experimental holes. It depends on depth of hole border level
dependencies (Fig. 5) determined the following of trapping sites E D. State of this level is
dependence: during anticlockwise rotation and determined by the same possibility of thermal
duplet formation (i.e. energy levels splitting) in reflux and recombination. If quantity of
the peak’s square distribution, points were effective hole states is nef=Lm3/2, where L is a
located mostly on curves #2 and #3. In the constant value and m is an effective mass, Np=
opposite case, i.e. clockwise rotation and duplet Lm3/2exp{[Ez+ED]/κT'}, where Ez is a width of
formation, points were located on the curve #1 the band gap; κ is Boltzmann constant; T' is
and a level’s state drifted towards diminishing temperature. In case tpr<(ttcob), a component
of charges’ speed. of impulse amplitude resulting from power
surge of previously caught carriers will increase
Energy of normal band level is described by an the output amplitude by ~1%. In case tpr>(t
expression E=E0+C+3W(2k2a2), where a is a tcob), the output amplitude will coincide with
lattice constant; W is an exchange integral the absorption peak’s amplitude. Thus,
determining the disturbance potential; C is an possibility of the peakdouble formation will
average value of alternating disturbing field. depend on ratio of average values of tcob and tpr,
Level splitting leads to increase of exchange f=(tt cob )/t pr , i.e. s d~[1exp(f)]. In the
integral’s proportional coefficient and average expression of charge hold, the divisor γNp(Nnz)
energy of the level, if W has a positive sign. In is an intensity of thermal reflux from holes’ stick
constant field’s potential orienting electrons’ zone to normal band while difference Nnz is a
spins splitting can occur, in case an unpaired concentration of blank stick levels, i.e. the more
electron exists (Li). Transfers among splitting gammaquantum energy, the less Nnz and,
levels connected with use and production of accordingly, the less sd (the first column of Table
energy change the charge’s group speed. #2). Charge collection time diminishing and
Implemented experiments considerably differ effective mass increasing increase a possibility
from the experiment of electron paramagnetic of the peakdouble formation, hence,
resonance by absence of constant magnetic field. nonelectromagnetic component of the field
Hence, the listed effects can occur only in the influence the listed values and statistical
distribution of the peakdouble.
66
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
107 c, we can notice that tcob influences the got during rotor’s rotation with speed of 2100
output amplitude in a case constant value of ω rev/min.
is about a few hundreds hertz. At first
approximation, a frequency of ω will coincide In case gamma quanta of different energies are
with the frequency of voltage harmonics measured simultaneously, values of n and ω are
generated by the electric motor. Hence, ω≅wxl, constants. Due to this, considering influence on
where w is angular velocity of rotor, x is a charges’ spins in the semiconductor, tcobtime for
number of grooves per pole and collector’s every gamma quantum can be different. We will
phase, 1 is a quantity of phases. Changing of the describe two experiments as examples. They
peak’s square depends on changing of values of were carried out with angular velocity of
n and tcob, so the more degree of influence by clockwise rotation of 6,000 rev/min, without
any of the field’s component, the more shift of the steel beaker (named 1a, 1b, 1c) and with the
the peak’s square distribution towards empty one (named 2a, 2b, 2c). In this case,
diminishing. Due to this, in case the simultaneous measuring of cobalt (the
electromagnetic component is constant and registered energy was marked (a=1332 keV and
reverberatory interacts with a moving charge, b=1173 keV) and cesium (c=661.6 keV). It can
the relationship U(S) should be inverse be noticed that the beaker used in the
negative (Fig. 4). experiment influences the charge energy only
in points a and c. This effect shows increase of
Obtained formulas (2)(6) and experimental energy levels at 2a and 2c points relative to the
results (Srot, Sst , Erot, E st, n, ω etc.) allowed 1a and 1c experiment provided by possible
approximately determining charge collection splitting of the given energy level. Statistical
time before rotation tc0 and during rotation tcob. analysis of the peak’s square distribution (Srot)
In case a barrier region’s width is d=1.7 cm, we helped finding out the following dependence:
could calculate speed v c=d/t cob and charge at 1c point, the distribution is normal; at 2c, 1a,
acceleration r'=∆vc/∆t, where ∆t=tc0tcob and 1b, 2b points they have a duplet form while, at
∆vc=d/tcobd/tc0. In case external electric field ε 2a point, the distribution is triplet. Thus, energy
exists permanently in the semiconductor, a force scale shift towards increase is straightly
εq=rm influences a charge q. Due to the fact that connected with increase of multiple
charge speed increases during rotation, we can distributions and, accordingly, with energy level
write an expression (mm')(r+r')=εq. Hence, splitting (proportional coefficient of the
m'=mεq/(r+r'), where r is acceleration of holes exchange integral increases). It is interesting
in nonelectromagnetic component absence. that the a/c≅2 relation can possibly cause the
Average acceleration of heavy and high mobility synchronal shift of energy scale.
holes is r≅1x1017 m/sec2, and then we calculate
increment of wave vector ∆k=(2πm'∆vc/h) and Analysis of theoretical and experimental results
energy increment ∆E= h2∆k2/(8π2m'). has shown the following rule: in case the angular
speed of the motor axle is 2,100 rev/min, the
Dependencies of the relative peak’s square obtained results were located in the v<v1 area;
difference s=1Srot/Sst and increment energy on in case in case the angular speed of the motor
the relative speed are made: – v=vc/vc0 (Fig.6). axle is 6,000 rev/min, they were located in the
Step decrease of ∆E value can be seen on the right area (Fig. 6). Influence of the
diagram while the relative charge speed is electromagnetic component during
v1=1.03 rel/units. Thus, from the moment v1, experiments was relevant. In case ω=0, a
the more charge energy, the less peak’s square relevant signal amplitude is Erot/Est>1. Actually,
Srot, while before the moment v1 s<0.22 and does almost all values are Erot/Est<1. At the same
not depend on energy. time, the electromagnetic component cannot
contribute to energy levels’ splitting during
Now we make dependencies ∆E(∆k) and m'/ these experiments. The calculation showed that
m0(∆k) of the so called increment ∆k – space a frequency of electronic resonance, being ν, is
(Fig. 7). On the diagram, the value of increment ν~10 6 hertz during cesium gamma quanta
mass (m') deviated from the obtained curve. registration after the motor is turned off.
The analysis showed that this result had been Maximal frequency of field absorbed by a
67
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
moving charge of the semiconductor was ~1010 spectrum. In this case, changing statistical
hertz during measuring in the rotating mode. distribution of the peak’s square towards
We know that radiointerference having diminution (during rotation regarding to
frequency spectrum of 105108 hertz can be nonrotation) depends on changing of energy
generated at clips of collectors, although this and wave vector of nonequilibrium charges of
does not explain the mentioned above effects the semiconductor. Hence, such effects as levels’
[10]. In electron spin resonance, electric field splitting and their changing during charge’s
frequency not more that ν~1010 are used but it absorption of energy of the field generated by
is ~1 weber/m2 in strong magnetic fields. Tht’s the rotating object, which can change statistical
why we describe a hypothetical field explaining distributions, are possible in the semiconductor.
all the effects.
3. The effect of duplets formation in statistical
distributions discovered. It is connected with
5.Conclusion splitting of charges’ energy levels in the
semiconductor’s normal band. The effect causes
Some experiments, such as memory effect shift of medium energy level and changing of
(measuring after liquid stops rotating); charge collection time. In this case, the constant
information transfer about a rotating object’s nonelectromagnetic component influences
state (rotation of discs) etc. confirming because there is no constant magnetic field
existence of nonelectromagnetic influence on during experiments.
charge energy of the semiconductor allow
suggesting that the described interaction 4. Rotating liquid forms the physical field in
belongs to torsion field. ambient space. The filed stays in metastable
state long enough and influence state of energy
In works of A.V. Bagrov etc. [11] equations of levels of the semiconductor’s normal band.
small relativistic particle’s motion in external Energy levels’ splitting occur leading to
torsion field are obtained. They show formation of duplets in distribution of the peak.
dependence of kinetic energy of the particle on
the nonelectromagnetic component. An 5. The effect of correlation of independent
expression for Hamiltonian is determined statistical results discovered only in
forecasting torsion field’s influence on energy experiments with rotation.
levels. In case the component of pseudovector
of torsion exists, each level can be split in two On the basis of the implemented research we can
with a certain energy difference. The obtained make the following conclusions:
equations also show that interaction with
torsion bends a moving electron’s trajectory rotation is a source of the physical filed having
while vector of spin precession in external the same characteristics as torsion field’s ones.
torsion field depends on speed of the particle. Hence, the listed effects can be construed as
That’s why these effects can lead to changing influence of this field on matter. In this case,
of density and mobility of charges used in torsion filed considered a spin, which is a
semiconductor devices. polarized state of physical vacuum, accordingly,
spin influence on ultimate particles is possible.
1. As results of the experimental research, it was In external torsion field, spin of a moving
found out that rotation of material bodies using particle is oriented according to the filed and,
the electric motor creates the multicomponent correspondingly, energy level’s splitting occurs.
physical field in the motor’s ambient space. Changing of levels occur due to resonance
Many of the results can be explained only by absorption of alternating field’s energy leading
presence of nonelectromagnetic component. to increase of the particle’s speed. As the
research has proved that such changing exists,
2. The nonelectromagnetic component’s impact we can suggest that torsion filed also has the
on the system “radioactive source detector) variable component, which is possibly
influences the statistical distribution of the generated by Earth. Most likely, in case the
peak’s square and amplitude of the studied frequency of spin precession coincides with the
68
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
frequency of the physical field’s alternating 3. I.A. Melnik .//Izvestija vuzov. Fizika., 2004,
component, resonance absorption and changing #5, p.1926.
to another energy level happen. Experiments 4. I.A. Melnik .// Izvestija vuzov. Fizika., 2005,
prove that, besides cross component of the #1, (currently publishing).
alternating component, its longitudinal 5. V.A. Grigoriev etc. Electronic methods of
components appears (correlation of nuclear physical experiment.//Moscow,
independent data). Energoatomizdat, 1988, 336 p. (p.5153).
6. Yu.K. Akimov etc. Semiconductor detectors
the system “radioactive source – detector” can in experimental physics.//Moscow,
be used as a sensor of torsion field, in order to Energoatomizdat, 1989, 344 p.
research distribution of potentials in ambient 7. A.I. Abramov etc. Basic experimental
space of rotating objects. The rotating object is methods in nuclear physics.// Moscow,
a source of information of its internal state, Energoatomizdat, 1985, 486p. (p.155200).
hence, a nondestructive method of controlling 8. A. Melnik //Izvestija vuzov. Fizika., 2004, #2,
internal state of rotating objects. p.1518
9. S.M. Ryvkin. Photoelectric effects in
semiconductors.//Moscow, Fizmatgiz, 1963,
REFERENCIES 220 p.
10. A.D. Kniazev. Elements of theory and
1. I.A. Melnik//VINITI 5.02.92, N103292, practice in providing electromagnetic
issue N4, p.70. compatibility of radioelectronic devices.//
2. Experimental research of spintorsion Moscow. Radio i sviaz. 1984, 336 p. (p.202).
interactions.//Edited by V.I. Lunev. – Tomsk, 11. V.G. Bagrov, I.L. Bukhbinder, I.L. Shapiro./
SibNICAJ, 1995, 143p. (p.8195). / Izvestija vuzov. Fizika., 1992, #3, p.512.
News
Aasis has been invited to the third National
Young innovator gets invitation Innovation Awards ceremony to be held in
from Kalam Ahmedabad on January 5. The President, A.P.J.
Abdul Kalam, will hold a 10minute discussion
with Aasis during the ceremony on his `Theory
Pathanamthitta, Dec 10 An expert team of the of Absolute Creativity' which, according to him,
National Innovation Foundation (NIF) “explains the origin of universe”.
yesterday visited the young physics prodigy
Aasis Vinayak P.G., an 11th class student in Aasis has developed the innovative water
SDA English Medium School in drawing system, Vinayak's Hydel System, by
Pathanamthitta, and discussed with him the low making use of the gravitational force and
energy waterdrawing system he has developed. atmospheric pressure. The Nobel Physics
Aasis' “invention” has drawn national and laureate of 2000, Herbert Kroemer, has
international attention. acclaimed the young scientist's invention
saying that “it can even solve the present energy
The NIF team is led by its national coordinator, crisis”.
Manish Vaidya. Mr. Vaidya told that the NIF
team would evaluate the new theory after Aasis claims that his effort is to explain the
discussions with Aasis. The team had a source of energy at the time of the origin of the
discussion with the innovator in the presence universe, which, according to Dr. Kroemer, is
of the school Principal, T. I. John. “the first ever link between God and science”.
69
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
The Bowman permanent
magnet motor
Eric Vogels
http://www.fdp.nu
info@fdp.nu
In 1954 an Electrical Engineer named Carl C. positioned at an angle. He put the block into a
Lienau, visiting relatives in California, learns groove in the base where its position was such
that Lee Bowman of Sherman Oaks is seeking as to graze the magnet pair coming up. The
investors for the development of his device system then began to rotate at a speed of almost
which he keeps in a case labeled: "Behold The 1/2 revolution per second of the side shafts. The
Energy Of The Universe"opened the machine gears were so positioned that the end shafts ran
is an 8x10x5 inch model mounted on a 1/2 inch at the same speed. When the block was slid into
aluminium base. No compartment to hide a second groove, just opposite the first the
batteries. system rotated in the opposite sense.
70
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Lienau subsequently wrote to Bowman
specifying the conditions of a Pony Brake test
of the machine running in mechanical and
technical isolation. If the output continued for
a time beyond the specified capacity of the most
long lived batteries equivalent to the 10 lbs.
gross weight of the machine, the evidence would
be conclusive that the machine was not
fraudulent. Bowman had been in
communication with competent physicists at
the University of Utah. Bowman took umbrage
at the implications of the letter proposing a test. It has a lot of force built in to this release. I have
Bowman was a fine machinist and had a well mine documented in inch lbs. which I will post
equipped machine shop at his home. Lienau later.
estimated that the device required about 100
hours of work. The material costs are not To make the engine run we have to somehow
significant. Bowman made his living in get the disks in the loaded position for free. To
geophysical prospecting and exhibited an album do this we bring attraction into the game.
of testimonials from clients. At the time of the Attraction will overcome repel every time, and
demonstration Bowman was 75 years old. He easily using the 2:1 gear ratio. With the engine
decided, according to one report to have his now in release (Fig.B) refer to (Fig.D) . We
device taken apart and after his death to have place an attracting magnet behind each planet
the parts buried in different locations in disk to help pull the sun disk into the loaded
California. position at a 2:1 gear ratio. Also we place an
actuator magnet in the repel mode against one
How it works of the sun disk magnets. So it is also helping to
get the engine loaded using a 1:2 gear ratio. It
also tends to help give the engine a sense of
direction.
71
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
The actuator magnet and the helper
magnets
72
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
you use, if they are too strong simply back the
planet disks away from them for correct
adjustment.
73
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
The next magnet in line on the sun disk must Device test
go through the actuator angled magnet. If it
does not, decrease the air gaps between the sun To test any Bowmans that have been built, do
and planet disks until it does so. Record air gap this test. Place your actuator magnet in place
measurement. Now measure torque using a like shown on Fig. C. Now gently turn one of
torque wrench or use the 9/16 wrench method the planets disks in the direction that the
and record the weight it takes for turning the actuator is trying to turn the sun disk by hand.
PLANET disk to get it into the reload position. When it reaches cocked position Fig. A, release
Remove the sun disk. Place the helper magnets it. If this motor is going to succeed, it must go
behind the planet disks, by super gluing or some through the next magnet in line. If it doesn't,
other method (some thoughts here from the one must move the disks gaps closer together.
group). If it still does not....the motor will not work at
all.
Be sure they attract to the back side of the
planet disks (Fig. D). With the sun disk still Encyclopedia: Gears
removed, adjust the planet disks gap to the
helper magnet by measuring 1/2 the weight or Pitch diameter means the "effective" diameter
1/2 the torque if you used a torque wrench. In of the gear. The outside diameter is slightly
other words each planet disk will be pulling the larger. You must use the pitch diameter to
measured torque when the sun disk was in place. determine the spacing of the shafts. For
So each planet disk needs to pull 1/2 that torque example, assume that you have two gears, one
plus a little. Now... plus a little. We are adjusting with 90mm pitch diameter and 93mm outside
magnetic flux fields. All engines will be slightly diam and the other with 45mm pitch diam and
different. You have to use horse sense here. If 48mm outside diam. The spacing of the centers
you do not have any, go find someone that does of the two parallel shafts would then be 90mm/
for that adjustment. 2+45mm/2=67.5mm
74
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
doesn't fly off and land on your skin or eye and Have a fire extinguisher or wet towel just in case
burn a hole through it. Wear eye protection. the dust explodes or starts to burn.
Wear a mask so you don't breathe the poison
metal dust. When drilling holes in the sun and planet
rotors, drill extra holes between the magnet
Place a steel plate in the vicinity of where the holes on both the planet and sun rotors. This
Neodymium dust will fly off as you are grinding extra hole could then be used to insert a dowel
to collect the magnetic dust. rod (temporarily) to line up the sun and planet
rotors while tightening the nuts on the gears.
The information for this section is taken from powerful electric propulsion methods listed
several sources including Dr John F. Santarius below seem the most likely candidates for the
(University of Wisconsin) Lecture 30: Charge!; "cruise mode" propulsion methods, despite
Capt. James Szabo's paper "Solar Electric many of them seemingly being designed for use
Propulsion Systems"; University of Michigan's outside of earth atmosphere. We shall deal with
College of Engineering Plasmadynamics and the microwave and laser propulsion
Electric Propulsion Laboratory Web Site; Air technologies in another article.
Force Office of Scientific Research Electronic
Propulsion Web Site; sundry other Internet Another problem posed by the previous FT
sources. Report was why would a presumed US
experimental craft be flown over Wales. Whilst
Our research into the Flying Triangle "UFO" we are not privvy to the secrets of the Pentagon,
(which we are becoming convinced is actually we would point out that the Captain James
a family of such vehicles, and which do not all Szabo in his Web pages for the USAF Office of
necessarily use identical propulsion systems or Scientific Research states that " The AeroSpace
have similar uses) has lead us to believe that the Corporation currently supports a project
most likely main propulsion system that is between the US Dept of Defense and the UK
employed by craft, similar to that seen in West Ministry of Defense for exchanging information
Wales in November 1996, is of an electrical on requirements, concepts, R+D, technologies
nature. This is based on the lack of obvious and experiments related to systems such as
propulsion features seen (or not seen) on the spacebased radar. Electric Propulsion is among
craft as reported by witnesses. Nobody has the above mentioned technologies."
observed propellers or air intakes and exhausts.
Electric Propulsion has been designated as a
Also there is the lack of normal aeroengine noise preferred technology for US MilSatCom space
although we are aware that the technology vehicles for the 21st Century, based on existing
does exist to mask such noises. Similarly the research and experience. Some of these
extremely bright flashes of light emitted by the technologies are more hypothetical than others
craft when in "burst mode" seem to indicate that as will become clear. Others, such as the Hall
microwave or laser beam technology is used to effect thrusters, have been operational for nearly
propel the craft at these times, whereas the less 20 years.
75
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
We shall leave it to our more technologically / explored by USAF and NASA. The Phillips Lab
scientifically qualified readers to decide which ESEX program will fly a 26 kW ammonia arcjet.
if any of these technologies could possibly be
used on the FT craft. We would remind readers
that we are looking for something that involves Hydrazine Resistojet
the creation of plasma around the hull of the
craft, whereas it would appear that most of the This electrothermal thruster uses a propellant
systems below appear to be more traditional that is fed through a resistive heat exchange
engine designs using the generation of a beam prior to expansion through a nozzle. Specific
of some sort emitted through a nozzle or similar impulse is 300s for 0.5 kW thrusters.
channel. The three main types of electric Characterized by an absence of plume
propulsion systems are: ElectroThermal, ionization, meaning that the interaction of a
ElectroStatic and ElectroMagnetic and we will resistojet with spacecraft subsystems is similar
deal with each of these in turn, first in general to that of a small hydrazine chemical thruster.
theoretical terms then looking at specific
examples and more detailed technical
performance related detail. Hydrogen Resistojet
During the 1960's highpowered hydrogen
ElectroThermal Thrusters resistojets achieved impressive performances in
testing, e.g. 850 sec specific impulse, 85% thrust
This class of thrusters does not achieve efficiency at 1 kW to 30 kW input power.
particularly high exhaust velocities. These are Thrust to input power ration (200 mN/kW) is
divided into arcjets, resistojets and RFheated several times greater than for other electric
thrusters. The resistojet uses a filament to heat propulsion systems.
a propellant gas (not plasma), while the arcjet
passes propellant through a current arc. The
RFheated thruster uses radiofrequency waves ElectroStatic Thrusters
to heat plasma in a chamber and potentially (Ion Thrusters)
could reach somewhat higher exhaust velocities.
The key principle is that a voltage difference
between two conductors sets up an electrostatic
Hydrazine Arcjet difference that can accelerate ions to produce
thrust. The ions must be neutralised often by
This electrothermal thruster has an arc electrons emitted by a hot filament. The three
discharge which is sustained between an main stages of an ionthruster are: ion
internal cathode and an anode that also serves production, acceleration and neutralization.
as an expansion nozzle. A 1.8kW, 500sarcjet
and power processor is already available for use
on commercial satellites, including the AT&T Xenon Ion Engine
NSSK ComSat. This form of thruster is
considered to be fuel efficient and the radiated This thruster uses a Xenon plasma discharge
emissions from the arcjet and power processor from which an ion beam is extracted using grid
are within accepted limits at frequencies above plates perforated with holes. They have been
500MHz, indicating that conventional GHz produced by the USA, Europe and Japan. Ion
class communications (radar etc) would not be engines use propellant very efficiently. Specific
affected by the kW class arcjet system. impulse is 3000s at 0.5 kW input power at 55%
thrust efficiency. US MilSatCom is currently
sponsoring a laboratory investigation of the
Hydrogen Arcjet British UK10 ion engine. NASA's NSTAR
program is intended to test a high power
Arcjets for medium power (3 10 kW) and high (approx 5 kW) ion thruster for primary
power (10 30 kW) applications have been propulsion applications. Performance is
76
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
comparable to the Russian TAL (> 2500 sec instantaneous thruster performance was 22%
specific impulse at > 60% efficiency) and efficiency at 2500s specific impulse. Each
proven. Beam divergence is much less than discharge lasted 1.5ms. During the flight the
HallEffect thrusters, which alleviates concerns MPD thruster was successfully operated for
about plume impingement. over 5 hours and accumulated over 400
discharges.
There are four main categories of With these thrusters perpendicular electric and
Electrodynamic thrusters: Magneto magnetic fields lead to an ExB drift. For a
plasmadynamic, Halleffect, Pulsedplasma and suitably chosen magnetic field magnetitude and
Helicon. Each will be described in turn. chamber dimensions, the ion gyroradius is so
large that ions hit the wall while electrons are
Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters contained. The resulting current, interacting
with the magnetic field, leads to a JxB Lorentz
In MPD thrusters a current along a conducting force, which causes a plasma flow and produces
bar creates an azimuthal magnetic field that thrust. The most common current Halleffect
interacts with the current of an arc that runs thruster is the Russian Stationary Plasma
from the point of the bar to a conducting wall. Thruster (SPT).
The resulting Lorentz force has two
components: Pumping, a radially inward force Xenon Plasma Thruster
that constricts the flow and Blowing, a force
along the axis that produces the directed thrust. This device is analogous to a gridless ion engine
Note that erosion at the point of contact with very high thrust density. It is sometimes
between the current and the electrodes is refered to as a HallEffect thruster because of
generally a problem area for this class of the electron motion in the crossed electric and
thrusters. A pulsed propulsion system requires magnetic fields. Specific impulse is 1600s at 1.4
many components including a pulse applied kW input power with 48% thrust efficiency.
field MPD thruster, a pulseforming network, Following the 1995 Moscow International
a charge control unit, a cathode heater and high Electric Propulsion Conference the US SMC
speed valves. and Aerospace Corporation submitted a
proposal to evaluate the Russian SPT100 for
MagnetoPlasmaDynamic Thrusters use in US satellites. High power Hall thrusters
have been lab tested in Russia, e.g. the 50 kW
MPD thrusters use the Lorentz force arising TsNIIMASh TAL (Thruster with Anode
from the interaction of discharge current with Layer), which has a performance ranging from
selfinduced and / or applied magnetic field. 3000 7000 sec specific impulse and 70 75%
Both steady state and plasma MPDs have been thrust efficiency.
developed. Demonstrated performance of
steady state MPD thrusters is 20 30% at 1000 PulsedPlasma Thruster
7000s specific impulse and 10 60 kW power.
Megawatt pulsed MPDs have demonstrated In a pulsedplasma accelerator a circuit is
efficiencies above 50% with hydrogen completed through an arc whose interaction
propellant. Pulsed MPDs thrusters can reduce with the magnetic field of the rest causes a JxB
launch mass by between 1000 and 2500 kg over force that moves the arc along a conductor.
those achievable with hydrogen arcjets. Noble
gas propellants could also be used but with Teflon Pulsed Plasma Thruster
lower specific impulses. An MPD thruster does
not yet exist at laboratory level which is suitable This is an electromagnetic device in which a
for orbital transfer applications. The first major highcurrent discharge ablates the surface of a
MPD thruster flight test occurred in 1980 on Teflon bar and accelerates plasma through a
the Japanese MST4 spacecraft. The discharge channel. PPTs have been used for
77
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
autonomous orbit correction on NOVA Magnetic Field Structure. (SpringerVerlag, 1991).
navigation satellites. The use of solidstate Freidberg, J.P. Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics.
Teflon simplifies the propellant feed system and (Plenum, 1987).
allows for compact packaging. Goedbloed, J.R. Lecture Notes on Ideal
Magnetohydrodynamics. Rijjnhuizen Report 83
145, 1983.
Helicon Thruster Jahn, Robert G. Physics of Electric Propulsion
(McGrawHill, New York, 1968).
The principle of the helicon thruster is similar Krall, N.A. and Trivelpiece, A.W. Principles of
to the pulsedplasma thruster: a travelling Plasma Physics (McGrawHill, New York, 1973).
electromagnetic wave interacts with a current Polovin, and Demutskii, . Fundamentals of
sheet to maintain a high JxB force on plasma Magnetohydrodynamics (Plenum, 1990).
moving along an axis. This circumvents the Priest, E.R. Solar Magnetohydrodynamics.
pulsedplasma thruster's problem of the force (D.Reidel Publ, 1982).
falling off as the current loop gets larger. The Schmidt, G. Physics of High Temperature Plasmas.
2nd edn. (Academic Press, 1979).
travelling wave can be created in a variety of
Stuhlinger, Ernst. Ion Propulsion for Space Flight
ways, and a helical coil is often used. (McGrawHill, New York, 1964).
Bioelectromagnetics Program
Integrity Research Institute
1220 L Street NW, Suite 100232
Washington DC 20005
USA
With generous donations from IRI member, the Azure patent #6,217,604 “Method for
Palph Suddath, a bioelectromagnetic machine treating diseased states, in particular AIDS,
was designed and developed by the bioenergy using an electromagnetic generator.” This 200
team of IRI in 2003. kV machine energizes the body in a very short
exposure lasting less than 5 minutes. One can
The Premier, Photonic Rejuvenation sit in a noncontacting position nearby or take
Energizing Machine & Immunizing advantage of the TouchPadTM and/or Wand
Electrification Radiator, is IRI’s multiple to receive antioxidant electrons which studies
combination experimental electromedicine show will fight free radicals. (Review the Azure
machine. Developed by the bioenergy team, patent at www.uspto.gov)
under the direction of Dr Valone, it is based on
78
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
ENERGY INVENTIONS ADVOCATED
BY INTEGRITY RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
Integrity Research Institute
1220 L Street NW, Suite 100-232
Washington DC 20005, USA
www.IntegrityResearchInstitute.org
1) FocusFusion.org Controllable hot Contact Ivan Kruglak, 818 681 0091 email:
fusion project that is compatible with electricity ivan@ionsky.com , website: www.ep systems.net
extraction. Makes the Tokamak obsolete. Eric
Lemer has already achieved the necessary 4) Bitterly Flywheel Automobile The
billiondegree threshold demanded by nuclear country's leading manufacturer of
physics while funded by a small NASA grant. nondestructive fiberwound flywheels claimes
An environmentally safe, abundant energy over 95% efficient storage of mechanical energy,
source: decaborane. Hydrogen boron fusion uses exceeding the efficiency of any battery. This
a plasma focus device. A recent simulation project is directed toward creating a Flywheel
confidently predicts the LPP reactor can reach Powered Hybrid Vehicle by replacing the
break even at 1.5 MA (MA = megamps = million battery bank with a retrofit flywheel assembly
amperes) and produce net energy at 2 MA. Low and drive it from LA to Sacramento. Contact
risk and high payback. Contact: Eric Lerner, 973 Steve Bitterly, 818 710 1428 email:
736 0522, email: elerner@igc.org sbitterly@earthlink.net
2) Pre Seismic Earthquake Predictor & 5) Dune Solar Still Designed by a Portland
Triangulator Patented invention (US Patent State Systems Scientist to have efficiency six
#4,724,390) by a university physics professor, times that of a conventional greenhouse solar
provides days of advance warning before a major distillation unit. A 180 m2 solar desalination
earthquake or volcanic eruption. Published in pilot plant to be produced and tested. A separate
several journals, texts and conference portable still project will also be prototyped for
proceedings, the T 1050 has had several trials backpack applications. US patent pending.
and successful predictions of earthquakes. Contact Dr. Paul La Violette, 518 372 2711
Contact Dr. Elizabeth Rauscher, 480 982 2285 email: StarCode@aol.com
email: FlyingWG@msn.com
6) Sky Earth Generator Utilizing
3) Magnetic Energy Converter (MEQ) A atmospheric electricity for energy with a
robust power generating device that can proprietary method of inducing and sustaining
produce electricity and a propulsive force. a micro vortex electrical gradient of low areal
Business plan brings this amazing invention to density between the upper highly positive
market within three years. The MEC converts atmosphere and the negative Earth ground. The
a known energy source that quantum physicists process is similar to what actually occurs in a
call zero point energy (ZPE), into conventional tornado but without the wind and high forces.
electromagnetic energy, which can be harnessed Contact Len Danczyk, 805966 1234 email:
as electricity, used to turn wheels, turbines, etc. Len7@cox.net
Inventors Godin and Roshchin (US patent
#6,822,361) have published several journal 7) Energy Conservation Licensing Program
articles, with proof of principle prototypes to Innovative energy efficiency product for any
their credit. product that plugs into the wall. Designed to
79
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
be a 200 400 kWh/yr electricity savings per 13) NovaLite Electrotherapy Machine
computer for example. Contact Ryan Wood, Outperforms other high voltage Tesla coil and
720 887 8239 email: rwood@plugloads.com Noble gas devices, for healing of a wide range of
diseases. Inventor almost lost his leg which
8) Ultraconductor Project Provides needed to be amputated until he discovered
ambient temperature superconductive electrotherapy. Contact Ralph Suddath, 940
capabilities in a thin film conductor. Patents 498 0120 email: Aquajewel@airmail.net
and prototypes already generated. Large website: www.NovaLiteResearch.com
consumer market. Contact Mark Goldes, 707
280 8210 email: mrb@ap.net 14) Rife Technology Beam Ray Therapy
Device Company already has an IRB for
9) Wireless Electric Power Transmission research and clinical trials proving efficacy and
Over 10 years of experimental and theoretical has applied for FDA approval. Probably the best
work by university professor that confirms all Rife technology available today. Program
aspects of this revolutionary invention, includes upgrading several dozen clinics in the
pioneered by Nikola Tesla. Two articles US for treatment of chronic pain (once
reprinted in Valone's Harnessing the approved by FDA) as well as a wide range of
Wheelwork of Nature by the inventors diseases. Contact L Kenny. 205 841 6554 email:
describe more details of the safe and highly beamray@mailcily.com
efficient (95%) electricity transmission
method. Contact Dr. James Corum, 304 291 15) Electrotherapy Teslatron Installation in
0466 email: jcorum@ieee.org a CA clinic of a successful million volt Tesla coil
therapy machine in a room size treatment
10) Freeze Framer Biofeedback Device protocol for stubborn and terminal disease
Computerized finger sensor that produces patients. Several medical doctors routinely
lower stress level in minutes. Product work with this inventor and send patients for
developed by the Institute for HeartMath, treatment. 10patient study ongoing. Contact
known for its innovative heart related science Guy Obolensky, 845 753 2782 email:
research. Successfully marketed at $1 M level soliton@optonline.net
already. Funding is for expanded marketing
plan to ramp up sales to targeted audience. 16) EMProbe.com Pocket size magnetic
Contact Dr. Deborah Rozman 831 338 8707 pulser cured inventor of congestive heart
email: drozman@quantumintech.com condition. Endorsed by doctors and the subject
of a NASA four year study. Contact Glen
11) Synaptic Neuromodulation Treatment Gordon MD, 3602978736 email:
Program This treatment of Parkinsons DrGordon@em probe.com website: www.em
disease is just one example of dozens of probe.com
alternative health therapies available from
NFAM. Program includes initiation of clinical 17) Transformative Energy Bioenergy
trials and inventor assistance for marketing Projects: (1) Spiral Magnetic Motor which uses
and licensing. Contact Dr. Mark Neveu, 202 a magnetic gradient to achieve torque. The
463 4900 email: mneveu@nfam.org motor can be configured into a car motor which
will use voltage without current to spark each
12) Computerized AuraMeter Unique cycle. The finished prototype will be
neurobiological energy signatures for incorporated into a Bittery Flywheel vehicle for
therapists. The only consciousness monitor a followup Phase II project. No fuel is required
available today that mirrors chakra activity. since the magnetic attraction (gradient)
Yields a person's immediate response to performs useful work. A microturbine powered
outside stimuli. Ten years of research by by magnets is another spinoff project. Magnetic
UCLA professor. Prototype completion. motor optimization design exists from previous
Contact Dr. Valerie Hunt 310 457 4694 email: engineering study for a linear Hartman
vhunt@biofields.org magnetic motor and rotational Spiral motor.
(2) Electricity Generating Shock Absorber for
80
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
electric cars that can be prototyped within an where poisonous mercury amalgam is still used.
18month period. (3) Restoration and licensing Invention has two model designs and is in
the Transdermal TD 100 treatment unit of Dr. production. (5) Planetary Protector for
Andrija Puharich which was patented to cure incoming meteors, tsunami amelioration, and
nerve deafness, along with the scanning of his tornado/hurricane dispersion, uses a
personal achives and publication of the "origin Podkletnov projectable gravity impulse device.
of life experiment logs" in IRI possession to put Journal articles published on collimated beam
on CD for distribution. (4) Dental Vapor Ionizer experimental results. Contact Dr. Thomas
designed to remove the toxic mercury vapor I Valone, 301 513 5242 email: iri@erols.com
from dental operatories everywhere in the US Integrity Research Institute
An etherbased engine
as the best way of space sailing
Georgy P. Ivanov
http://www.tts.lt/~nara/
nara@tts.lt
Many people interested in space engineering Permanent readers of the “New Energy
must have heard about “light sail”, which Technologies” perhaps have paid attention to
reflects incident sunlight and, therefore, can the article called “A manual for designing of
generate thrust sufficient for autonomous or etherbased engines” (see [1], [2] and http://
pilot motion in circumsolar space. In case planet www.tts.lt/~nara/help/ozenki.htm) reporting
attraction is used simultaneously, it is possible that electromagnetic energy can produce force
to move by “board”, not only “along solar wind” by its own original effective method, which
but also against it coming nearer to the Sun. allows increasing thrust by thousand and
Some experts think that such sailing vessels are million times. All materials are presented at
an ideal method for solar system exploring, http://www.tts.lt/~nara/.
which can be used for interstellar flights in
future in case external illumination from Let’s explain. Resonators of various shapes П
beneath of the sail by laser beams or mirrors of type, Utype, Vtype (wedgeshaped) and
solar energy thickener is additionally used. Let’s cylindrical – are shown on the figure below.
make some assessment.
They are made of thin wellconductive sheet
According to reference books, there is the so materials and include two flat or cylindrical
called solar constant equal to 1,353 W/m2, surfaces, which are adjoining (Fig.c) or
which characterizes quantity of solar energy connected by straight or arched bonds (Fig.a,
accounted for a square unit during normal dip b). In case electric oscillation is generated
near Earth. Hence, we use the known ratio between planes, stationary electromagnetic
between energy and impulse of Efield radiation wave will be settled. Its magnetic field will
for finding light pressure on square unit of the influence surface currents by force having a
sail. We will see that it does not exceed 1 mg resultant, which differs from zero, for all
per 1 sq. meter. It means that a sail with square resonators shown on the figure [2]. As magnetic
of 1 km, made of 100micronpolymer film, will field and surface current change inphase, the
make not more than 1 kg having mass of 100 resultant has a variable quantity but constant
tones. It will take 34 years to change speed for direction. This statement has both a strong
a value compared with the first circular velocity, theoretical basis [2] and a convincing
8 km per second. experimental confirmation. Effect of this force
81
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
was registered during a series of experiments sail) and can take off from ground surface
conducted by the author, see http://www.tts.lt/ without fuel, only due to solar energy
~nara/zamet/opyt/opyt.htm “Detecting ether transformed into electricity. Using such
based motion”, experiments of a Moscow acceleration, it is possible to reach any medium
physician F. Kushelev [4] and the classical remote planet of the solar system during a few
experiment of G. M. Graham, D. G. Lahoz [4] days while a very remote planet can be reached
(see the detailed description at http:// during a few weeks. Even in the field of small
www.tts.lt/~nara/introduc/introduc.htm). dimensions (about one meter) acceleration will
be exceeded by 2,500 times.
According to the carried out calculations,
tractive force generated in the resonator (based Therefore, comparing two nofuel (using free
on ether) is higher than light pressure force by energy) methods of space sailing we were
Q >>1 times. The following technical solution obviously convinced that the etherbased
is suggested. Energy of light flux is transformed method is better and exceeds the traditional
into electrical one used for resonator excitation. method of light sail in all respects.
The obtained etherbased thrust exceeds force
of light pressure of light sail with surface of the
same square by Q times. REFERENCIES
Let’s compare efficiency of a device containing 1. G. Ivanov. A Manual for Designing Ether
a resonator, which gets energy from light sail based Engines and Devices of Innerether
transformed in phototransformer, with the Energy. New Energy Technologies, issue 2 (17),
primary sail, which operates using light June 2004, p. 5659
pressure. We will know that the more 2. G. Ivanov. Classical electrodynamics and the
geometrical measurements the more Q and present. Visaginas (Lithuania), 2002.
efficiency. 3. Kushelev a. a. Aircraft engineering and
aerospace technology: Volume 72, #4, 2000, pp.
Thus, a device with size of 1,000x1,000 meters 365366.
and mass even of 1,000 tons will be able to move 4. G. M. Graham, D. G. Lahoz. Nature, 285, 154,
with acceleration about g (10 m/c2, which is 1980
100,000 times more than acceleration of light
82
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
News
OneMegawatt Fuel Cell International Hydrogen Energy
Planned for San Diego Hotel Congress
(Under the auspices of the Turkish Ministry of
This is an excerpt from EERE Network News, Energy and Natural Resources)
a weekly electronic newsletter. March 02, 2005
Harbiye 80230 Istanbul Turkey
FuelCell Energy, Inc. announced in mid Tel: + 90 212 296 30 55; Fax: + 90 212 296 30 99
February that it will provide four 250kilowatt www.icec.org
fuel cell power plants to the Sheraton San Diego
Hotel & Marina by yearend. The one This prestigious congress will take place from
megawatt fuel cell installation will provide Wednesday, July 13 through Friday, July 15
baseload power to the hotel, and its waste heat 2005 at the Istanbul Lutfi Kirdar Convention
will be used to heat the pool. The project is the Centre, where 6000 delegates can have
first in a series under an agreement between simultaneous parallel sessions in up to 26 rooms.
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Furthermore, an exhibition area of about
which owns the Sheraton, and Alliance Star 10,000 m2 is provided inside the conference
Energy LLC, a joint venture of FuelCell Energy centre for exhibitors. The conference centre is
and Alliance Power. The new agreement located in the heart of Istanbul , within walking
provides the framework for fuel cell projects for distance of many five star hotels and other
Starwood hotels, with an initial focus on its amenities.
California properties. See the FuelCell Energy
press release. The Tokyo Gas fuel cell system CONGRESS TOPICS
includes the fuel cell and a reformer that
converts natural gas to hydrogen. FuelCell 1. Hydrogen Production Technologies
Energy and Alliance Power have also been (Chemical); 2. Hydrogen Production Using
working with the City of Santa Barbara to Different Energy Sources; 3. Biological
install two 250kilowatt fuel cell plants at the Hydrogen Production; 4. Hydrogen
El Estero Wastewater Treatment Facility. The Utilization; 5. Hydrogen Safety; 6. Hydrogen
500kilowatt system will be fueled with Storage and Transport; 7. Hydrogen Energy
methane generated at the facility. The Systems; 8. Fuel Cell Development; 9.
companies and the city dedicated the new Environmental Issues; 10. Hydrogen Economy;
system on February 23rd. See the FuelCell 11. National/International Perspectives; 12.
Energy press release. Residents of certain areas Other Topics
of Tokyo, Japan, have the opportunity to
provide power and hot water for their homes PRELIMINARY PROGRAM
using a fuel cell cogeneration system developed 13 July 2005
by Tokyo Gas Company, Ltd.; Ebara Ballard
Corporation; and Matsushita Electric 09:30 Opening Ceremony
Industrial Co., Ltd. At a cost of about $9,550 (1 10:30 Plenary Lecture
million yen), customers will have use of a 1 11:00 Coffee Break
kilowatt fuel cell system for 10 years. Customers 11:20 Plenary Lectures
will also earn a 3 percent discount on their gas 12.30 Lunch
bills for three years and will have their bill 14.00 Parallel Sessions
capped at about $90 per month (9,500 yen). See 16:00 Coffee Break
the Tokyo Gas press release (PDF 137 KB) and 17:30 Closing sessions
the Tokyo Gas Web site. 18: 00 Welcoming Cocktail
83
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
The Evolution of Lifter Technology
Tim Ventura
http://www.americanantigravity.com
This article covers the author's background in experiments are conducted using modified
electrogravity and antigravity research and the BiefeldBrown effect transducers, which
development of Lifter technology from the convert highvoltage electrical current into
beginning of the concept through current motive force.
prototypes to designs currently still on the drawing
board. Our experimentation has currently progressed
to the point of being able to levitate a tethered
Lifter for an indefinite period of time while
carrying payloads of up to 1 pound. While this
is a very small payload at the moment, it
demonstrates a propulsive efficiency orders of
magnitude higher than alternative
Electrokinetic technologies.
Technology Goals
Types of Lifters
86
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
During testing in January, it was discovered Additionally, the higherthrust provided by the
that creating a bypass on the output load Lifter 4 reduces the degree of error inherent in
resistor of the GRA50 powersupply effectively all calibrated measurements.
increased thrust. The increase in performance
was very noticeable, and it is believed to be the The Lifter 4 uses slightly more current than the
result of creating a "dynamic voltage" across the Lifter 3 does when powered by the 100kV
airgap. Hvolt 100 power supply, the current draw for
the Lifter 4 is between 3.5 and 4 milliamps for
Testing last summer involved utilizing the the Lifter 3 the current draw is between 2 and
conventional powersupply, which uses resistors 3.5 milliamps.
to maintain a minimumvoltage. Bypassing the
output loadresistor allowed the voltage to
remain steady across the airgap at a 'bare American Antigravity's Largest Lifter!
minimum level' to maintain charge transfer.
Therefore, power that would have gone into The Lifter 9 is breakthrough in largescale Lifter
producing voltage was instead converted into technology for American Antigravity. The
higher currentlevels, which resulted in much Lifter9 is expected to be much more efficient
greater chargetransfer from emitter to than smaller lifters due to natural economies of
collector. scale with regard to IonWind/BiefeldBrown
technologies. To learn more about how we
Upwardbowing of the chassis of the Lifter 4 constructed it:
was unexpected, due to the structural
reinforcements that we added during
construction. The increased thrust is
distributed evenly across the Lifter, but has a
normal additive effect on the center of the Lifter
that causes upward bowing in the structure.
This bowing is seen as a tension on the structure
of the Lifter and occurs when the applied power
is above 40watts.
87
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Reinforced Lifter Frame
Corona Overview
89
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
50Gauge Stainless Steel Wire Antigravity to provide a more clear
understanding of Lifter airflow dynamics in the
American Antigravity replaced the magnet wire highvoltage airgap.
on the standard Lifter 1 shown in the majority
of our test videos with 50gauge stainless steel Why SmokeTesting?
coronawire.
Smoke testing for the Lifter technology
The results that we encountered were highly demonstrates a pronounced effect on nearby air
surprising. The hissing noise that usually molecules by the electricfields present in the
accompanies the lifter during operation LIfter's airgap during flight. These fields and
completely disappeared, and our light associated highvoltage charge transfer through
enhancement photographs show that aside from the air create an airflow in which the direction
residual glow from workmanship issues, the of airmovement is down through the vertical
prototype with the new wire shows no corona axis of the Lifter, creating an upward thrust
during operation. along the center axis.
In addition to the lack of noise or corona, the The presence of smoke particles allows the
lifter also showed a dramatic increase in lifting movement of the air to be easily observed and
power. Also, the lifter showed an increase in documented in order to better understand the
stability that allows increased tetherheight operation of Lifter technology.
without swaying.
BiefeldBrown versus IonWind
FlameTest CoronalEffects
While the movement of the air due to high
The flame is drawn towards the 30gauge voltage charge transfer in the LIfter does
collector wire when power is applied partially demonstrate that an atmospheric effect is
through an aerodynamic push from ions producing some measure of thrust, the Biefeld
travelling from the emitter to the collector, but Brown effect may still be producing a
also because the flame is a mixture of considerable amount of thrust in the Lifter as a
combustiongasses and gasplasma that picks up method of pure "FieldEffect Propulsion". The
and carries charges in the airgap to the only manner in which to truly measure this type
collector. of propulsion would be to operate the Lifter in
an environment of "perfect vacuum", as partial
In essence, the flame serves as a charge vacuum experiments still show considerable
transport mechanism across the airgap, and as ionwind effects.
such it picks up ions from the surrounding air
in the corona and delivers them to the collector. Atmospheric ChargeTransfer
90
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
Enhancing the IonWind Effect Due to lightweight construction materials and
adverse humidity effects, our initial Lifter4
By enhancing the effectiveness of iontravel prototype was retired in late November. The
through the air from the emitter to the collector, construction of a second Lifter4 prototype
it may be possible to obtain higherlevels of required 4 days of effort, and was completed in
efficiency from Lifter technology using the same mid January 2003. This prototype features a
amount of electrical power. Different methods more durable and robust chassis, as well as
involved in this approach may include possible having an airgap 7 centimeters tall (the first
enhancements to the surrounding atmosphere prototype was wired with a 5cm airgap).
(such as electrical preionization), or could
alternatively include a method of modifying the Force was measured during testing by the use
emitter to emit electrons at a lower voltage. This of , the higherthrust provided by the Lifter 4
second method of lowpower ionemission reduces the degree of error inherent in all
could be achieved through a variety of means, calibrated measurements.
one of which being the use of very a thin carbon
fiber electron emitter. Polarized AirMolecules
FollowUp Information
Fig. 11
The Lifter4 indoor tests were performed using
the Hvolt series powersupply from Information
Unlimited. The critical voltage required to
Smoke Chamber Testing achieve lift is 17.5 kV however, increasing the
voltage correlates with an increase in thrust.
The American Antigravity smoke chamber
allows testing of the Lifters in an environment
where the effects of smoke and airborne
pollutants can be examined. This allows
detailed examination of the airflow for the ion
wind component of thrust, in addition to
sedimentation research!
91
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
News
Creating Recyclable Hydrogen prepare a technological and economic feasibility
analysis that will recommend whether to move
Storage for Cars
forward with a second phase of research based
on the initial outcomes.
From: RenewableEnergyAccess.com
"We're proud to be participating in this
Researchers and engineers have put a fuel cell
important research," said Raghubir Gupta,
in a vehicle and made it run, but the perfect
director of the Center for Energy Technology
solution to onboard storage of hydrogen is far
at RTI International. "Developing these types
from certain. Many different options are
of technologies will help enable American
available today and new approaches are
industry to advance beyond gasolinepowered
constantly in the works.
automobiles."
RTI International of Research Triangle Park,
N.C., was awarded $1.6 million to develop a
hydrogenfuel storage technology that will
provide a stable and recyclable hydrogen source
Monoatomic Gold Water
for environmentally clean fuel cell powered Generators
vehicles.
Paul LeBreton, CEO
The project is funded through a cooperative Psitronics Group Systems International
agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy LeBreton01@earthlink.net
(DOE), and makes use of a material called
aminoborane that decomposes when it's heated Company Psitronics Group Systems
and releases nearly 20 percent of its weight as International is purchasing the Water Cooler
pure hydrogen. line of White Gold Water generators from
Miracule Water, Inc. of Mexico.
Over the next four years, Ashok Damle will lead
RTI researchers in an effort to design an on Ron Talmage, CEO, is arranging for the
board fuel system for hydrogenpowered company to purchase a factory building 35 miles
vehicles, and develop a costeffective S of Yuma, Arizona next door to his factory to
manufacturing process for recycling the storage build these in. They will train staff and provide
material once the hydrogen content is depleted. tooling and contact information; and will
continue to advertise the Coolers on their
"Through such projects, we hope to reduce website: www.miraculewater.com (read about
dependence on foreign oil and facilitate their products).
utilization of our renewable energy resources,"
Damle said. We will upgrade these coolers (which provide
both hot and cold water) to an 80%
Collaborating with RTI on the project are the concentration of Monoatomic Gold and with
State Scientific Research Center their Infinity Synthesizer and market them at
(GNIIChTEOS, Moscow) of the Russian our cost to lightworkers of the world.
Federation, which will provide expertise in the
synthesis of the basic storage material, and Saint Germain lived in his physical body for
ATK/Thiokol of Utah, which will provide over 300 years by taking Monoatomic Gold.
industry support for production processes that And the Synthesizer provides even more
could lead to commercial use. The team will also benefits (read the website).
92
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
New Energy Technologies CD
All back issues of 2001 – 2004
We would like to suggest you to have a look at the list of articles that were published in
our magazine during past years. You may order this CD, containing PDF-files of all
these issues (covers included and are in JPEG format).
CD price is $29.00 Subscription for 2005 is $49.00
Visit our web site http://www.faraday.ru to pay online (V ISA or Master Card).
(VISA
93
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
• Gerlovin's Theory of Activation. • Tilley Electric Vehicle
2002, №2 (5) • The Problem of Time: Force as the Cause of
• MEG Overunity Electromagnetic Transformer Change in the Course of Time, Valentin P. Oleinik
by T.E.Bearden and Fluxmachine, A.V. Frolov • Time, A. Michrowski
• Fuelless Energy, N.E.Zaev. • Time as a Phenomenon of the Expanding
• Symmetrization of MaxwellLorentz Equations. Universe, Shulman
Experimental Methods Of Generating Longitudinal • Experiments on ThermoGravitation. Review
Waves in a Vacuum, K. Butusov 2002, №5 (8)
• Vortex Heat Generators, Eugene Sorokodum. • Frolov’s Asymmetrical Capacitors
• Experimental Investigations Based on the Model • The Electrokinetic Apparatus by T.T.Brown
of Electromagnetic Solitary Waves (solitons), M. V. • Nikola Tesla’s Later Energy Generator Designs,
Smelov Oliver Nichelson
• N.Kozyrev's Ideas Today, Dr. Shikhobalov. • HighEfficiency Electrolysis, Alexander V. Frolov
• Kozyrev on the Possibility of Decreasing the Mass • New Results of Development and Testing of a
and Weight of a Body Under the Influence of Active SingleWire Electric Power System, Prof. Dmitry S.
Properties of Time. Strebkov, Eng. Stanislav V. Avramenko, Dr. Aleksey I.
• Longitudinal Thermomangetic Effect, Dr. Nekrasov, Eng. Oleg A. Roschin
Alexander M. Mishin. • Shauberger’s Engine? by Eugene Arsentyev
• An Introduction to Gravity, L. Price and M. • The De Aquino ELF Gravitational Shield, T.Ventura
Gibson. • Ferrites and Generation Of Free Energy by Means
• A Physical Model of Experiments Carried Out by of Ferromagnetics, Nikolay E. Zaev
E. Podkletnov, V. Roshin and S.Godin, A. Rykov • Key Concepts for the Conversion and Control of
• Scalar Wars, T.E.Bearden Gravitational Energy, Glenn M. Roberts
• The Problem of Electron and Superluminal • Analysis of the Additional Energy Formation
Signals Processes in Vortices and Vortex Heat Generators, Dr.
• Gravitational Electrolysis Alexey M. Savchenko
2002, №3 (6) • Kuldoshin’s Transformer, Review
• LargeScale Sakharov Condition, D. Noever and • Disappearance of Inertia Force Mechanical
C.Bremner Resonances and Free Energy Work, Arkady P. Kuligin
• Matter As a Resonance Longitudinal Wave • The FMachine, Vyacheslav I. Boryak
Process, A.V. Frolov • The LUTEC Magnet MotorGenerator
• The Time Machine Project by Alexander V. Frolov • How to Build Electrical SolidState OverUnity
• KozyrevDirak Radiation, Ivan M. Shakhparonov Devices, William Alek
• ElectricalVortex NonSolenoidal Fields, S. • The "Time" Seminar in Moscow State University
Alemanov • A Vortex DC Motor
• Physical Mechanism of LowEnergy Nuclear • Valerian Sobolev’s Discovery. Review
Reactions, V.Oleinik, Yu. Arepjev • Review on the Tilley Electric Car, E. Mallove
• The Evolution of the Lifter Technology, T. Ventura 2002, №6 (9)
• On the Influence of Time on Matter, A. Belyaeva • Some Experimental News, A.V. Frolov
• AgeingPreventive BioHeater, A. Belyaeva • On the Possibility of Controlling the Course of
• Fundamental Properties of the Aether, A. Mishin Time, V.P. Oleinik, Yu.C. Borimsky, Yu.D. Arepjev
• The Influence of the Magnetic BlowWave Field • Spontaneous Polarization of some Glasses and
I. Shakhparanov. Direct Current as an Inexhaustible Energy Source, L.G.
• Nikola Tesla and Instantaneous Electric Sapogin, Yu.A. Ryabov
Communication, V. Korobeynikov • New Fuelless Space Power Engineering, V.D.
• A Unified Theory of Gravity, I. Kuldoshin Dudyshev
• New Sources of Energy from the Point of View of • Electrodynamic Explanation of Ball Lightning,
the Unitary Quantum Theory, L.G. Sapogin, Yu.A. S.B. Alemanov
Ryabov, V.V. Graboshnikov • The Nature of Torsion Fields, V.V. Uvarov
• Antigravity Force and the Antigravity of Matter. • Matter, Space and Time in Aether Field Concept,
A. K. Gaponov A.M. Mishin
• A Capacitor, Which Possesses Energy of an • Reidar Finsrud’s Perpetual Mobile in Norway,
Atomic Bomb (Review of Gaponov’s research) John Pasley
2002, №4 (7) • Physical Quantum Vacuum is a Source of
• Gravitonics, S. M. Poliakov, Oleg S. Poliakov Electromagnetic Energy, P.M. Shalyapin
• Experimental Research on a Gravity Propulsion. • Instantaneous Electrical Communication, V.I.
• The Beamship Technology, Russell Anderson Korobeynikov
• Commercial Antigravity, Tim Ventura • Investigation of a SingleWire Electric Power
• Action Without Reaction. Yuri N. Ivanov System, D.S. Strebkov, S.V. Avramenko, A.I. Nekrasov,
• New Possibilities of Vortex Devices, S.A. Lisnyak O. A. Roschin
• An Investigation of Electric Energy Transmission • Fuelless Monothermic Engine (Invention by Y.
Processes in nonMetallic Conducting Channels, D.S. Volodko)
Strebkov, A.I. Nekrasov, S.V. Avraamenko • On Viktor S. Grebennikov’s Discoveries. Review
• Microcosm–UniverseLife, A.G. Shlienov, E.L. • Experimental Study of Properties of Time. Review
Petrov • Bedini Generator, David Mason
• Hypothesis of a Theory of Everything, Jack P. • Article Update for An Introduction to Gravity,
Gibson Lew P. Price
• The Charge and Mass of a Photon, D. Kh. Baziev • The CIP Engine Principle, Robert L. Cook
• The Homopolar Motor: A True Relativistic • The Machine of J. Newman, Michael Williamson.
Engine, Jorge GualaValverde, P. Mazzoni, R. Achilles • What is the RQM Technology? Review
• Weight Reductions Caused by BuckingField • Experimental Data on Time Control by Acad. A.I.
Permanent Magnets, William C. Simpson Veinik
• Nuclear Waste Decontamination Technologies, M. • The Space Power Generator by P. Tewari. Review
Porringa 2003, №1 (10)
• Experimental Investigations of the Change in the • Testatika. A Review of a WellKnown
Radioactive Isotope HalfValue Period in the Local Electrostatic System.
Volume of CauseEffect Relations, Igor A. Melnik • Plasma Electrolysis. Ph.M. Kanarev.
94
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
• What A Cold Fusion Is? E. Storms Hydrogen And Water. Philip M. Kanarev (Russia)
• Technical Introduction to LENRCANR (Low • Plasma Energy Power Generation. Bruce A.
Energy Nuclear Reactions). E. Storms Perreault.
• It all Started in 1989… (History of Cold Fusion • The Marcus Device Controversy. Tim Ventura
Development). P. Hagelstein • Systems of conversion of thermal energy to
• A Science Tutorial (Cold fusion). T. Chubb mechanical one. Review
• LENR (Low Energy Nuclear Reactions) 2003, №4 (13)
• On Electrogravitation. A.V. Lemeshko • SingleWire And Wireless Electric Power
• Avalanchedrive Propulsion Device. M.L. Filho Transmission. N.V. Kosinov and others (Ukraine)
• Unusual Permanent Magnet Motors. T. Valone • The possibility of almost complete transformation
• Hydrogen Energetics. A. Pashova of thermal energy into mechanical one. S.N.
• On the Longitudinal Electromagnetic Waves. Doonaevsky (Russia)
A.V. Frolov • Inventor Club. Review. Vector Propulsion Engine
• Space and Terrestrial Transportation. T.C. Loder (Electromagnetic Version). A. S. Tukanov (Russia)
• Commercialising the “Searl Effect”. • Inertial Dynamic Generator. S.N. Schmidt
• Interesting Publications of the Last Year. • Latent Potential Energy of Electrical Field. V.D.
• “Lifter” Project Dudyshev
• New Electric Fire Technology. V.D. Dudyshev • Energy from Air. M.P. Beshok
• New Effect of “Cold” Evaporation. V.D. Dudyshev • A Parade of Gravitational Aircrafts. V.A.
• Conceptual Hurdles to New Millennium Physics. Chernobrov
D. Reed • Energy from vacuum. Review
• Resonant Phenomena in ACurrent Circuit. • Meeting of Nobel Prize Laureates in Saint
2003, №2 (11) Petersburg
• Minato Wheel. E. Vogels (Sweden) • Perpetual Motor With Magnetic Elements.
• Mechanism of DriveFree motion. S.A. Gerasimov • Who Needs A Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion?
• Production of Ball Lightning. • Fuel cells. Edwin Cartlidge (USA)
• Electric Discharge. G.D. Shabanov, O.M. • Free Energy. Thomas F. Valone (USA)
Zherebtsov • Secrets of Nicola Tesla’s Experiments.
• Free Energy. A.V. Frolov • Alternative Cold. Review
• Some General Properties of Matter and Energy • HighEfficiency Technology of Magnetic Cooling.
Sources. E.D. Sorokodum E.N. Tishina (Russia)
• Commercial Exploration of Space. Review. • Interference Disc Electric Generator. Alan L.
• Hydrogen Energetics. Ph.M. Kanarev. Francoeur (an announcement of the future article)
• Heater Producing Healthy Effect. A.L. Belyaeva • Howard Johnson and his Motor. Review
• Inertial Propulsion Device. V.E. Senkevich • • Bogomolov's Centrifugal Generator.
Unlimited Accelerated Nonreactive Motion. Review. • Magnetic Motor. A.V. Vydrin (Russia)
• Revolutionary Current. S.K. Baliyan (India) • “Omega” Anomalous Hydrogen Reactor
• Tilley Electric Vehicle. Review. • Gravitational Shielding. Harald Chmela (Austria)
• Application of MotorGenerators. A. Akau • The Concept of Magnetic Gas
• Electric Vehicle in Russia. Review by A. Pashova 2003, №56 (1415)
• The Richard Clem Motor and the Conical Pump. • Novozhilov's Motor, Y. Novozhilov, Russia
R. Koontz. • SelfAction in the case of Magnetic Rotation, S.
• Spontaneous Flow Heat Pump. J.L. Brochet Gerasimov and others, Russia
• Registration of Gravitational Waves. V.N. Petrov • Capillary Motor, I. Elshansky, Russia
• HighEnergy HyperLowFrequency Electric • GravityHeat Energy System, V. Sukhanov,
Field. Yu.V. Ivanko. • Modern Perpetual Mobile, Review
• To the Question of Work Performed by the • Free Energy and Antigravitation, (Spin Wave
Electrostatic Field. A.V. Frolov (Russia) Lasers), Ines Espinosa, USA
2003, №3 (12) • Mechanical Analogies, Y. Ivanko, Ukraina
• Designing of a Time Machines. Vadim A. • Cell of FinePlasma Electrolyse, Ph. Kanarev,
Chernobrov (Russia) • Smith’s Generator, Review.
• Control of Temporal Parameters of Physical • Strategy of Overunity Devices Marketing, R.
Processes. A. Frolov. Wood, USA
• Etherodynamics as a New Field of Physics. • Hutchison Effect, Mark Solis, USA
V.Atsukovsky. • Heat Energy Conversion by Means of NonLinear
• Electromagnetic Gravitational Interaction, V. Ya. Dielectric, A Ries and others, Brasil
Kosyev • Gates’ Motor, A. Akau, USA
• Medium For Existing of Matter in Nature. Anatoly • "Cold Electricity", A.Akau, USA
V. Rykov. • Gravity Conversion Rotary Device
• Adams Motor. Sergey S. Abramov (Russia). • Torsion Technologies, China
• Field Transformation in the Model of Extended • Antigravitation, B.Smith, USA
Space. Dmitry Yu. Tsipenyuk (Russia). • Electric Levitation, MacLeod, Canada
• Joe Flynn’s Parallel Path Magnetic Technology. • Perpetual Mobile, V. Likhatchev, Russia
Tim Harwood. • Interference Generator, A.Francouer, Canada
• Fluxmachine and Its Analogues. Review • A New Paradigm of Time, D. Reed, USA
• Russian Patents on Alternative Energetics. • On the Rotating Permanent Magnet System,
• Gravitational Spaceships. Gregory R. Uspensky • Patents on Inertial Propulsion Systems
• On Velocity Of DriveFree Motion. S.A. • Bogomolov's Experiment With Spring Drive
Gerasimov • History of Perpetual Mobile
• Electromagnetic SelfAction. S.A. Gerasimov, A.V. • Perendev’s Company, Review
Volos • Matveev's Electrical Generator, Russia
• Uranium Photoaccumulator. Anton I. Yegorov • Perpetuum Motor With Magnets, France
• Teleportation. Alla V. Pashova (Russia) • Hydrogen Power Engineering, Review
• “Mass Defect” in Home Conditions. P. V. Sherbak. • News on Hydrogen Fuel Cells
• Aether as Unified Field. Alexander M. Mishin • Electric Discharge as Part of the OverUnity
• Global Energy. Philip M. Kanarev (Russia) Device.
• Fusion Processes Of Molecules Of Oxygen, 2004, №1 (16)
95
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005
• Torsion Technologies Are Technologies of The 2004 #3(18)
XXIst Century, A.E.Akimov, Russia • Commercialization of alternative energetics,
• The Antigravitational Platform, Review
• Potapov’s Vortex Heat Generator, Yu.S.Potapov • Potapov’s molecular engine and water vortex heat
• Fuelless Air Combustion, Alexander V.Frolov generator.
• A Free Energy Generator, Zoltan Losonc • New Products: Autonomous electrostation with
• Society for Development of Free Energy
Technologies (GFE, Germany) molecular engine.
• The “Confined Bfield” Homopolar Dynamotor, • Magnetohydrodynamic motor, S. Gerasimov,
J. GualaValverde, and Pedro Mazzoni, Argentina • Inertial drive, E. Linevitch, A. Ezov, Russia.
• A Hydroelectric Heat Generator, F.M.Kanarev
• Conversion of Environmental Energy, • The Earth as electromotorgenerator, V. Dudishev,
B.M.Kondrashov, Russia • High efficient method to obtain hydrogen and
• The World of Free Energy, Peter Lindemann, USA oxygen from water, V. Ermakov, Russia.
• The LUTEC Free Energy Generator, Australia
• Pulsed Direct Current for Light Circuits, Gary • Inertial generator, V. Gilchuk, Russia.
Magratten, USA • Chemoelectrical gravitoelectrolysis by V.
• Patent Applications on ThermoGravitation Studennikov’s way, A. Makarov, Russia.
• An Electrogravitational Engine
• “BREEZE 5000” Wind Energy Installation, • Sun water pump, Yu. Novozilov, Russia.
T.A.Pungas, Russia • Semiconductor electromagnetic energy
• SiliconBased Power Engineering transformator, A. Zerniy, Ukraina.
• A Method of Extraction (Restitution) of Energy,
V.F.Markelov, Russia • Prof. Alfred Evert’s research, Germany.
• Asymmetric Capacitors, Alexander V.Frolov • Prospects for Breakthrough Propulsion from
• Force on An Asymmetric Capacitor, Chris Fazi physics, M.Millis, USA.
• The Working Principle of Frolov’s TCapacitor,
Zoltan Losonc, Hungary • Phenomenon of direct transformation of magnet
• A Precession Free Energy Generator, field energy, V. Dudishev, Russia.
V.I.Bogomolov. • Electrostatic generator, USA patent 4,897,592
• On The Way To A New Astronautics, A.V.Perfiliev • Vortex drive, Alexander V. Frolov, Russia.
• An Energy Converter, Review
• What Ever Happened To Black Light Power? • Magratten’s magnet pulsed DC motorgenerator.
Patrick Bailey, USA • Over unity propulsion of zero potential casing
2004, №2 (17) asymmetric capacitor system, Nassikas A.A.
• The Techno Maestro’s Amazing Machine Kohey
Minato. • On the nature of electrical force interactions,
• A Thermomagnetic Engine, Yu. Novozilov, Russia Alexander V. Frolov, Russia.
• A System of Effective Energy Conversion, Yu. • New products: Water vortex heaters, prices and
Novozilov, • News from Prof. Kanarev, Russia
• U.S. Will Give Cold Fusion Second Look, technical data.
Kenneth Chang, • Antigravity Secret, Tim Ventura, USA.
• Life After The Oil Crash, M. Savinar, USA 2004 #4 (19)
• Movement From Nothing, P.Ball, USA
• Vortex Heat Generators, Review by N. • Alternative energy. Yu.S.Potapov
Ovtcharenko • Fuel less motor by Kondrashov
• A Thermogenerator And A LiquidHeating • New about Tilley car
Device, R. Mustafaev
• Energy Generator, G.N.Ryabusov, Russia • Bessler machine
• Ethanol For The Hydrogen Economy, S. Clifford, • Water instead of oil. N.V. Kosinov
• To The Stars, W. Scott, USA • Nature of time. L. Price.
• Many Faces of the Electron, A.Akau, USA
• Vortex Heat Generators by Yu. S. Potapov • Magnet motor. A.E.Rumin
• Tesla & Schauberger Technologies, F. Germano, • Transformation of magnet energy. V.D.Dudishev
• The Nature Of The Electron, L.Price, USA • Celvin drop machine. Yu.N.Novizilov
• The Gravity Convertion Device
• A Device For Converting Potential Energy, • Vortex technologies. A.Akay
A.I.Doronkin, • Time control by means of scalar waves. G.Roberts.
• A Manual for Designing Etherbased Engines, • Electromagnetic engine by Ignatyev
G.Ivanov,
• How To Calculate the Efficiency, • Electromagnetic drive. R.Cornwall
V.I.Korobeinikov, Russia • Magnet motor. A.A.Kalinin
• Commercializing The “Searl Effect”, Review • Global energy sources. Ph.M.Kanarev
• Wallace Minto’s Weeel • High efficiency electrolysis by Stanley Meier
• Original Ideas of William R. Lyne,
• The Magnetic Field Rotator, А.Sidorovitch • Water vortex heat generator (product for sale)
• Newman's Motor • Autonomous power plant (product for sale)
• Road To Hydrogen, Press Release • Magnet motor TS2000
• The Waterjet Turbine, Edward Neurohr, Germany
• The Homopolar Transfer of the Mass Charge, V. • Ball lightning. N.G. Shabanova and
Dudishev, • ElectronPositron G.D.Shabanov
• Is A Revolution In The Fundamental Sciences • Antigravity research
Possible? V.Andrus, Ukraine
• In Memory Of Eugene Mallove • Time control experimenal device
• Esoterica As A Catalyst For A New Era In Physics, • Perpetuum mobile of 18 m diameter
D.Reed. • RQM technology
96
New Energy Technologies, Issue #1(20) 2005