BACKGROUND AND SPECIFICATIONS - PROPOSED CONNECTOR

HIGHWAY

Introduction and Background:

The preliminary route selection and design of the proposed highway is intended to assist in
exploring the costs and land - use implications of connecting North Road with Southwest Road
at points A and 1, respectively, shown on the location map. Tentative analyses of future traffic
levels have been made, including consideration of the potential use of the State Reservation as an
environmental research area, with possible public access. Because of the steep grades in the area,
the terrain is classified as ‘rolling'.

Objectives:
In accordance with the above background, it is required to conduct a preliminary route selection
and design for a two-lane highway in accordance with AASHTO "rural collector" highway
design standards, and estimate the capital, maintenance, and vehicle operating cost. An
indication of key environmental concerns for more detailed analyses is also required. Two
alternative routes are to be initially investigated. However, only one route is to be selected for the
design process in this project. Immediately following a brief screening of both routes.

Design Policy:
In addition to using the AASHTO policy on geometric design for a "rural collector" highway as
the basic design guidelines, several more specific guidelines have been defined within the
general policy, resulting from examination or the environs of the highway and its likely uses.
Traffic control devices should be provided in accordance with the latest version of the MUTCD
and local regulations.

Design designation
1. Functional classification: rural collector
2. Terrain: rolling
3. ADT (current year 2018): 123 Vec/day
4. ADT ( Design year 2038) : 225vec/day
5. Percent of ADT occurring in peack hours (k): 17.5%
6. Percent of traffic in the peack direction flow (D) : 65%
7. DHV: 350
8. Percent of truck (T): 2%
9. LOS : B

The design speed was selected based upon data in Table 2-4 where, for an ADT of over 225vec/day
in rolling terrain, 50 km/h is the stated minimum design speed. This design speed was considered
preferable to a higher value in order to provide greater flexibility in selecting a route through the
constructive terrain and the contiguous environmental features
Design controls
1. Design speed V= 50km/h
2. Super-elivation (e) max = 5.65%
3. Minimum radius for above e : 98.4m
4. Stopping sight distance: 57.4m-62.8m
5. Passing sigh distance : 170m
6. Maximum grade : 9%
7. Lane width: 3m per lane
8. Shoulder width: 0.6m

Lane Requirements:
Two lanes are the minimum number or lanes for an adequate design, and a check with the
tabulations of Chapter 2 indicates that a design speed of 60 km/h is consistent with level of service D to E
for mountainous terrain. Therefore, the highway will comprise 2 - 3.6 m lanes with 2.4 m shoulders.
These and other cross section characteristics are to be as indicated below, based upon the guidelines of
Ref. 1.
Other Conditions:
In recognition of the preliminary nature of this route selection and design, of the mountainous nature of the
terrain, the relatively short length of the proposed road, and the need to minimize environmental impacts,
the following conditions shall apply:
1. No bridges or tunnels are to be included in this preliminary design.
2. Assume that the profile of the existing highway is equivalent to the adjacent contours.
3. Climbing lanes are not required due to low traffic volumes.
4. Superelevated segments of the highway may be detailed if desired, but are usually not a critical element
of preliminary design.
5. Assume 30% of excavation is in rock.
6. Provision of overtaking distances is of minimal concern, due to the short length of the proposed road.
7. Cross sections are to be designed as indicated earlier in Chapter 2 and shown graphically later in this
chapter. More detailed requirements regarding slopes and guardrail also take into account the constricted
space available for the proposed highway. The requirements are summarized as follows:
(a) At all locations the surface from the centerline to the beginning of the fore slope shall comprise a 3.6 m
pavement, 2.4 m shoulder, and a further 1.6 m. The 1.6 m distance will accommodate a guardrail if required
and otherwise assist roadside safety and stability of the shoulder's edge.
(b) In cut segments only, no guardrail is required. This is because, for a 50 km/h design speed, the required
minimum clear zone distance is 3.3 m according to Figure 2-10, and the actual distance from the edge of
the traveled way to the beginning of the fore slope is 4 m — all at a slope of less than 10:1. The fore slope
leading to the bottom of the ditch would then be 2:1, 13m bottom and 2:1 ditch back slope. The side slope
of the cutting would then be 1.5:1.
(c) On embankments only, where an embankment is 1 m high or more and a toe ditch is provided, or is 2
m high or more where no toe ditch is provided, a guardrail and a 2:1 fore slope shall be provided. Where
greater heights exist than the 1 m and 2 m, above, a guardrail shall be provided and the embankment and
ditch slopes shall be 1.75 to 1, with 1.3 m ditch bottoms, where applicable.
(d) Where culverts and other obstructions may interfere with the passage of a vehicle that has unavoidably
run off the road, a guardrail shall be provided.
(e) All fore slopes shall be properly rounded where they intersect with the shoulder of the highway, but this
need not be shown on the preliminary design drawings.

Important Note:
The dimensions and requirements described above are for the conditions associated with this particular
project only. AH design of actual elements must result from a detailed engineering and economic analysis
performed by, or supervised by, a suitably qualified engineer.

ROUTES

FIG : CONTOUR AND TERRIAN OF ROUTE