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Annexure II

Syllabus for Four Years Degree Course in Marine Engineering

1) Laws of Thermodynamics:
Thermodynamics and Heat Transmission - Thermodynamic Fundamentals, Perfect Gas, Second Law, Gas
Cycles/ Engine Analysis, Properties of Vapours, Steam Cycles, Steam Turbine Velocity Diagrams,
Refrigeration, Combustion Compressors, Heat Transfer, Air Conditioning.

Basic thermodynamic principles. Properties, energy, the First Law of Thermodynamic, flow and non-flow
processes. Constant pressure process, Steady flow process. Second law of thermodynamics & T-S
diagrams.

2) Ideal Gas cycles:


Constant volume cycle. Dual cycle. Air standard efficiency.
I.C. Engines, Elementary Principles and cycles of operation, Actual indicator diagrams. Mean effective
pressure. Work done, power developed, indicated and brake thermal efficiencies, mechanical efficiency,
overall efficiency. Fuel consumption. Heat balance.

3) Properties of pure substances:


Heat, Temperature and its measurement. Absolute temperature, pressure and its measurement
Specific heat capacity. Specific entropy. Specific enthalpy of evaporation and fusion. Problems involving
changes of phase and not more than three substances.

4) Heat and work transfer:


Qualitative treatment of heat transfer by conduction convection and radiation. Laws of conduction and
thermal conductance and applications to problems.
Cases Boyle’s and Charles laws for perfect gases. Characteristics equation. Constant R and its use in
simple problems. Isothermal, adiabatic and polytropic process. Relationships between pressure,
temperature and volume. Work done. Changes in internal energy.
Specific heat Cp and Cv and the relationship between them.
Heat engine cycle, Ideal gas cycles (Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle, Joule cycle).
Heat Cycle, Thermal Efficiency and Heat Balance of the Following - Marine diesel engine, Marine steam
turbine, Marine gas turbine, Marine steam boiler.

5) Applied Thermodynamics:
Air compressors, Elementary principles and cycles of operation .Calculation of work done. Indicator
diagrams.
Properties of steam. Saturated steam, dry, wet. Dryness fraction. Super-heated steam. Internal energy.
Enthalpy. Specific volume. Steam tables. Throttling.
Steam plant. Advantages of using steam expansively. Rankine cycles. Operation principle, Basic
construction and materials of Steam Turbine, Impulse Turbine, Reaction turbine, Bleeder turbine
(extraction turbine), Regenerative turbine, Reheat turbine. Thermal, mechanical and overall efficiencies of
prime movers. Steam cycle with economiser, air heater. Regenerative feed heating. Boiler efficiency, heat
balance for engine and boiler trials. Change in dissolved solids in boilers and evaporators due to
contaminated feed and effect of blowing down. Elementary principles of steam turbines including simple
velocity diagrams for impulse and reaction turbines. Force and work done on blades.
Combustion. Solid and liquid fuels. Calorific value. Chemical equations for complete combustion.
Theoretical minimum air required. Excess air.
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Refrigerators and Refrigeration Cycle - Refrigeration and Air conditioning system design, operation and
maintenance. Refrigeration. Vapour-compression cycle. Refrigerating effect. Cooling load. Use of tables
of properties of refrigerants.
Coefficient of performance.
Gas dynamics, Gas nozzles and steam nozzles. One dimension flow of gases through varying cross
section, critical pressure ratio, convergent nozzle, convergent-divergent nozzle,
Gas turbine Open cycle gas turbine, Operation principle & Basic construction. Effect on thermal
efficiency due to change in pressure ratio, inclusion of inter-cooler, re-heaters and heat exchanger.

6) Mechanics and Hydromechanics - Statics, Dynamics, Friction, Balancing, Simple Harmonic Motion,
Stress & Strain, Bending of Beams, Torsion, Struts, Combined Stress, Stresses in Thick Shells, Fluid
Mechanics.

a) Statics:
Force as a vector. Triangle and polygon of forces. Resultant and equilibrium of a system of concurrent
coplanar forces. Lami’s Theorem, Concurrent Forces in a Plane, Parallel forces in a Plane, General Case
of forces in a Plane. Couples, Method of Moments, Plain Trusses (Method of Joints, Method of Sections,
Method of Members),
Friction, Coefficient of friction, Friction angle. Energy and power lost due to Friction in simple bearings,
Friction in belt drive, Efficiency of Screw jack (Square and V-Thread).
Centroids of composite body, Area & Volume (Pappus Theorem)
Simple lifting machine. Graphics of load-effort and load-efficiency. Linear law. Velocity ratio, mechanical
advantages and efficiency of the following machines: Wheel and Axle, Differential Wheel and Axle, Rope
Pulley blocks, Differential Pulley blocks, Warwick screw, worm-driven chain blocks and single and
double purchase crab winches.
Virtual Work, Moment of Inertia of Plane figures, Moment of Inertia of Material Bodies.

b) Dynamics:
Linear motion. Graphs and equations for displacement, speed, velocity and uniform accelerations.
Velocity as a vector. Relative velocities in one plane only. Angular motion. Equations for displacement,
velocity and uniform acceleration. Kinematics of particle & rigid bodies, Impulse and Momentum
principle, Work and Energy principle, Rectilinear Motion, Curvilinear Motion, Motion of Projectiles,
Work and Energy, Use of D’Alembert’s formula, Instantaneous Center,
Problems with constant force or force with linear variation. Energy Potential energy. Kinetic energy of
translation Newton’s laws of motion. Conservation of momentum. Centrifugal force and its application to
conical pendulum, unloaded governor, curved tracks and machine parts. Stress in thin rim due to
centrifugal action. Periodic motion (SHM).
Stress in thin rim due to centrifugal action Acceleration of connected bodies. Effect of simple air
resistance on motion under the effect of gravity. Kinetic energy of translation and of rotation. Flywheels.
Impulsive forces. Governors including sleeve friction. Simple harmonic motion. Simple pendulum.
Simple vibrations. Dynamic balancing of masses rotating in one plane. Basic dynamics of the engine
mechanism.

c) Strength of Material:
Stress and strain. Direct stress and strain. Modulus of elasticity. Shear stress and strain. Modulus of
rigidity. Factor of safety. Stress due to restricted expansion or contraction of single members. Hydrostatic
stresses and the corresponding strains. Relationship between three elastic constants. Thermal stress; Axial
stresses in composite materials. Strength of welded joints.

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Torsion. Strength and stiffness of solid or hollow shafts. Stress due to torsion. Power transmitted by shafts
and coupling bolts. Torsion applied to stepped shafts, compound shafts and partial hollow shafts, Torsion
applied to closely coiled springs, Plastic yielding of materials in Torsion. Torsion of shaft fitted with liner.
Thin shells. Circumferential and longitudinal stress in thin cylindrical shells subject to internal pressure.
Thick cylinders, Lame's theory, compound cylinders,
Struts. Euler's theory and Euler's buckling load. Struts with both ends pin joined, both ends fixed, one end
fixed and one end free. Rankine-Gordon Formula. Applied problems. Eccentric loading of short columns.
Use of strut formulae.

Springs. Springs with axial load, Calculations for mean diameter of springs, wire diameter & number of
coils. Closed coiled helical spring.

Concept of Strain Energy; Strain Energy due to normal and Shear Stresses; Strain Energy due to impact
loads; Resilience.
Compound Stress and strain. Stresses on an oblique section, General two dimensional stress system,
Principal planes and principal stresses, Strain on an oblique section, Determination of principal strains,
Principal strain in three dimensions, Principal stresses determined from principal strains, Mohr's Diagram
for stress and strain, Combined bending and twisting, Equivalent Bending Moment and Twisting Moment,
Shear, bending and torsion, Theories of failure.

Beams. Simply supported beams, Cantilevers, Shearing force and bending moment diagrams for
cantilevers, simply supported beams with concentrated and uniformly distributed loads. Stress due to
bending. Strain energy due to bending, Application of impact. Deflection of Built-in beams and
Continuous beams by integration and Macaulay's Method. Moment area Methods of deflection co-
efficient. Deflection due to shear, Deflection by graphical method. Clapeyrons three moment theorem.
Applied problems.
Thin Curved bar, Strain energy due to bending. Castigliano's theorem, and its application to curved bars,
strain energy due to twisting. Applied problems.

d) Fluid Mechanics:
Properties of fluid-density, compressibility, vapour pressure, capillarity, Cavitation phenomena viscosity
& measurement- rotating viscometer.
Euler's Formula, Bernoulis Formula, Energy equations & applications, Flow rate measurement-
Venturimeter, Orificemeter & Pilot tube.
Impact of jets-force exerted by jet on a flat, curved plates & pipe bend. Surge pressure and control.
Equilibrium of floating bodies. Variation of fluid pressure with depth. Total force due to liquid pressure on
immersed plane surfaces horizontal or vertical. Centre of pressure on a rectangular vertical plane surface
or triangular plane surface, both with one edge parallel to the surface of the liquid. Coefficient of velocity,
contraction of area and discharge.

7) Hydraulics.
Full bore flow of liquid through pipes under constant head. Flow through orifice. Flow through pipes,
Flow through parallel concentric pipes, Flow through parallel plates, Coefficient of velocity, contraction
of area and discharge.
Bernoulli’s equation and applications. Venturi-meter. Force exerted by a jet. Blade diagrams for a
centrifugal pump.
Control: Simple flow and control problems.

8) Differential Calculus:
Differentiation of algebraic, circular, exponential and logarithmic functions, of products, quotients
functions of a function and simple implicit functions.
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Successive differentiation - intro. and notation, nth order derivatives of std. Functions, nth order
derivatives using (a) trig. Identities and std. fns.(b) partial fractions, Leibnitz' Theorem, Maclaurin's
Theorem and std. Expansions, Expansions using std. Expansions, Taylor's Theorem, Indeterminate forms
and L'Hospital's rule, Curve tracing of cartesian and polar curves.

Functions of several variables, limits and continuity, Partial derivatives - def., geometrical interpretation
and rules of partial differentiation, Higher order partial derivatives, Homogeneous fns. and Euler's
Theorem, Total derivatives and chain rules, Implicit fns. and composite fns., Errors and approximations,
Maxima and minima, Lagrange's multipliers.

9) Integral Calculus:
Integration of standard forms by substitution and by parts. The definite integral as the limit of a sum.
Application of integration to area under curve; volume of revolution; First moment of area and the
position of a centroid of an area; Work done by variable forces; mean values, Root mean square values of
Sin nx and Cos nx. The rules of Guldinus.
Theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes. Second moments of area and moments of inertia of a
rectangular and circular laminas.
Multiple Integrals. Double and Triple Integrals. Region of integration and change of order of integration.
Spherical Polar and Cylindrical Co-ordinates. Applications –Area, Volume, Mass of wire, lamina and
solid. Centre of Gravity of wire, lamina and solid. Moment of Inertia using multiple integrals.

10) Ordinary Differential Equations:


Def., order and degree, formation of differential equation. Solution of first order, first degree equations in
variable separable form, homogeneous equations. other substitutions, Equations.
Reducible to homogeneous and exact differential equations.
Equations reducible to exact, IF, Linear differential equation. Of first order first degree, reducible to linear,
Applications to electrical circuits and orthogonal trajectories, nth order LDE - def. and complementary
solution, Methods of obtaining PI, Method of variation of parameters, Method of undetermined
coefficients, Cauchy's homogeneous LDE and Legendre's equation., System of Ordinary differential
equations.
Simultaneous equations. in symmetrical form,
Applications to deflection of beams, struts and columns, Applications to electrical circuits and coupled
circuits.

11) Calculus of Finite Differences:


Difference operators and relation between them, Algebra of finite difference operators,
Newton's forward and backward interpolation formulae, Stirling's interpolation formula
Lagrange's interpolation formula, Numerical differentiation, Numerical integration, Difference
equations - def., formation and solution, Linear difference equation. with constant coefficients.

12) Marine Engineering Materials:


Characteristics and limitations of materials used in construction and repair of ships and equipment - Basic
Metallurgy, Metals and Processes, Properties and Uses, Non-Metallic Materials.
Characteristics and limitations of process used for fabrication and repair - Process, Heat Treatment of
Carbon Steel.
Properties and parameters considered in the fabrication and repair of systems and components - Materials
Under Load, Vibration, Self-Secured Joints, Permanent Joints, Bonding Plastics, Adhesives and Bonding,
Pipework.

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Iron Carbon Equilibrium Diagram, Non Ferrous alloys, Welding, Gas cutting, Materials under load,
Vibrations. Mechanical testing of Materials, Failure modes viz plastic deformation, fracture, fatigue,
creep.
Design characteristics and selection of materials in construction of equipment.

Technology of Material - Metallurgy of Steel and Cast Iron, Properties and application of material used in
machinery on board ships, Engineering processes used in construction and repair,
Materials and welding - Destructive and non-destructive testing of material.
Non-Destructive Examination - Different types of non-destructive examination.

13) Fabrication, Welding, Joining and Cutting:


Permanent joints, Riveting, Soldering, Self secured joints, Safety and health when welding, Principles of
electrical arc welding, Principles of gas welding, Welded joints and low carbon steels, Common faults in
welded joints, Plate work-marking out, Thermal Cutting, Mechanical Cutting, Forming, Bending Plates,
Inspection, Pipe work. Non-destructive testings.
Manufacture of components. Gauges, deck machinery, gearing, clutches.

14) Industrial Chemistry:


Fundamentals, Acidity/Alkalinity, Corrosion, Water testing/treatment, Introduction to fuels and lubricants,
toxic and other ill effects of cargoes on human and environment.

15) Corrosion Control on Board Ship:


Thermodynamics & Kinetics of corrosion, various forms of corrosion, corrosion prevention methods.

16) Types of Technical Drawings, Lettering, Dimensioning, Limits and fits, Geometrical tolerance Line
work, Pictorial Projection, Development of Surface, Isometric Projection / Views, Orthographic
Projection, Missing Views, Machine Parts, Screw threads and fasteners, Locking and retaining devices,
Riveted type fastenings, Welded connections, Design Characteristics of Bearings, Seals, Lubrication
arrangement, ball and roller bearings. Machinery Components and Assembly drawings, and Blue Print
Reading.
Interpretation of machinery drawings and handbooks marine engineering drawing and design. The
interpretation of piping, hydraulic and pneumatic diagrams.

17) Sample List drawings:


{Air Inlet Valve, Automatic Valve, Ballast Chest, Bilge Suction Strainer, Burner Carrier, Connecting Road
and Bearings, Control Valve, Crosshead and Guide Shoe, Cylinder Relief Valve, Feed Check Valve, Flow
Regulator, Full Bore Safety Valve, Gauge Glass ( Plate Type), Gear Pump, High Lift Safety Valve, Oil
Strainer, Parallel Slide Stop Valve, Pedestal Bearing, Piston ( 4 Stroke), Piston ( Upper and Rod), Piston
Type Stop Valve, Reducing Valve, Starting Air Valve, Starting Air Pilot Valve, Stern Tube and Tail Shaft,
Telemotor Receiver, Tunnel Bearing, Valve Actuator.}

18) English language:


Ability to communicate in oral form & write technical reports: understand and use technical/engineering
publications.

19) Internal communication systems:


Operation of all internal communication systems on board and maintain Statutory communication
Records.
The systems would include ship’s telephone system, communication system between engine room and
wheel house, two-way communication system and public address systems.
Operation and maintenance at respective control station for all alarms and indicators.
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Record keeping of all communication systems.

20) Engine Room Resource Management:


ERM - Allocation, assignment and prioritization of the resources, effective communication, assertiveness
and leadership, obtaining and maintaining situational awareness, consideration of team experience.
ERM principles based on Bridge Resource Management, Necessity of ERM - ERM in terms of
maintaining the safe engineering watch, Resources considered in ERM - Resource management eg,
personnel management, information management and management of installations/ equipment, Necessity
to practice ERM - Allocation, assignment and prioritization of the resources, effective communication,
assertiveness and leadership, obtaining and maintaining situational awareness, consideration of team
experience.

21) Introduction to ship and ship’s Routines:


Sensing and monitoring devices associated with marine equipment; Propulsion transmission systems,
including thrust and shaft bearings, stern tubes and propellers, Shafting Installations and Propeller –
Equipment constructing shafting, Types of propeller and features, Material of construction and definitions,
Cavitation.
Steering and stabilising systems, including bow thrusters, Steering gear principles - Operation, Principles,
Types, Material of construction, Steering gear electric control, Hydraulic power operated rudder systems,
Hydraulic power rotary pumps, Automatic control systems.
Refrigeration machinery and air conditioning systems; Safe and efficient operation in the UMS mode,
Refrigeration - Marine refrigeration cycle, Principles of refrigeration, Refrigerating compressors and
system components, Refrigerating system brines, Cold storage spaces and insulation, Air conditioning and
ventilation system.
Deck Machinery - Operation, Principles, Types, Material of construction, Windlass/ mooring winch,
Winch, Boat winch.

22) Auxiliary steam boilers and Auxiliary steam plant:


Steam boiler mountings and feed water systems; Auxiliary steam boilers and associated equipment, Boiler
water testing and conditioning. Operation of auxiliary steam plant, pipelines, condenser, drain cooler.
Auxiliary boiler fuel and air blower system.
Methods of checking water level in steam boilers and action necessary if water level is abnormal.
Marine Boiler - Steam boiler fuel atomization and combustion, Marine boiler fundamentals, Marine Boiler
construction, Boiler mountings and steam distribution, Marine boiler operation.

23) Safe Engineering Watch-keeping:


Procedures to be adopted in safe watch keeping. Procedures for taking over and handing over watches.
Routine work during watch keeping such as soot blowing, cleaning of filters, pumping out of bilges
through oily bilge separator, routine pumping operations of fuel oil, ballast water, fire pump and cargo
pumping system, remote operation of pumping system and associated controls, purification and
clarification of fuel oil, purification of lubricating oil. Construction and characteristics of Separators,
Purifiers and Clarifier, Purifier and fuel oil treatment - Operation, Principles, Types, Material of
construction.
Location of common faults in machinery and plant in engine and boiler rooms and action necessary to
prevent damage. Preparation, operation, fault detection and necessary measures to prevent damage for the
following machinery items and control systems - Main Engine and Associated Auxiliaries, Boiler and
Associated Auxiliaries, and Steam Systems, Auxiliary Prime Movers and Associated Systems (Diesel
engine, Steam Turbine), Other Auxiliaries – Purifiers and Fuel oil treatment, Air compressors, Evaporators
and distillers, Refrigerator.

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Interpretation of functional tests on communication and control system. Maintenance of machinery space
log book and the significance of readings taken.

24) Ship Bilge/ Ballast/ oil – Pumps and pumping system. Hydrophore system:
Various types of pumps, construction, operation, Principles and characteristics.
Operational characteristics of pumps and piping systems including control systems.
Operation of pumping systems - Routine Pumping Operation, Operation of bilge, ballast and cargo
pumping systems.
Fluid flow and characteristics of major systems – Description of all fluid flow systems on board,
Operation and material construction of devices/ equipment in the system.
Air compressor and system principles - Material of construction, Compressors construction, operation,
Principles and characteristics & Types. Compression process, Inter and after coolers.
Compressed air system. Air bottles, construction, mountings and associated system.
Oily water separator/ similar equipment and operation – Prevention of pollution, Requirements,
Principles, Construction and operation.

25) Fresh water generators and vacuum evaporators:


Evaporators and distillers – Operation, Principles, Types, Material of construction - Flash evaporators,
Multiple effect evaporation.
Construction, characteristics and operation of fresh water generators and vacuum evaporators.

26) Physical and Chemical Properties of Fuels and Lubricants - Production of Oils from Crude Oil,
Properties and characteristics of fuels and lubricants, Shore side and shipboard sampling and testing,
Interpretation of test results, Contaminants including microbiological infection, Treatments of fuels and
lubricants including storage, centrifuging, blending, pretreatment and handling.

27) Safety & emergency procedures:


Change over of remote/automatic to local control of all main and auxiliary systems.
Safe working practices. Safe practices in carrying out hot work and welding. Procedure to be taken while
handling heavy machinery parts and overhauling of engines. Cleaning, man-entry and hot work in
enclosed compartments. Emergency procedures such as actions to be taken in case of fire including fire
drill, flooding of engine room compartment, rescue operation of injured persons, actions to be taken in
case of stoppage of main engine, auxiliary engine and associated system.

28) Practical Knowledge - Ensure Safe Working Practices - Risk assessment, Safety officials, Personal
protective equipments, Work equipment, Safety induction, Fire precautions, Emergency procedures, Safe
movement, Safe system of works, Entering enclosed or confined spaces, Permit to work systems, Manual
handling, Use of work equipment, Lifting plants, Maintenance of machineries, Hot work, Painting,
Hazardous substances, Noise and vibrations.

Main Engine Auto-slow Down and Shut Down, Main Boiler Auto shut Down, Power Failure, Emergency
Procedures for Other Equipment/ Installations – Emergency steering, Back out operations and restoration
and Propulsion plant operation.

Safety measures to be taken to ensure a safe working environment and for using hand tools, machine
tools, appropriate specialized tools and measuring instruments - Hand Tools, Powered Hand Tools,
Machine Tools (Centre Lathe, Soldering, Principles of art welding and gas welding, Thermal cutting,
Inspection, Safety and health when welding), Measuring Instruments.

Use of various types of sealants and packings.

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29) Design of Marine machinery:
Design features and operating mechanisms of marine diesel engines, marine gas turbines and marine
steam boilers.

30) Marine Plant Operation:


Construction, characteristics and operation of large bore and medium speed Diesel Engine parts.
Performance characteristics of diesel engines by taking indicator cards. Steering gear, Auxiliary Boilers.
Basic construction and operation principles of machinery systems - Marine Diesel Engine, Marine Steam
Turbine, Marine Gas Turbine, Marine Boiler, Shafting Installations and Propeller, Other Auxiliaries,
Steering Gear, Automatic Control Systems, Fluid Flow and Characteristics of Major Systems, Deck
Machinery.
Propulsive Characteristics of Diesel Engines, Steam and Gas Turbines, Including Speed, Output and Fuel
Consumption - Engine layout and load diagrams.
Operating Limits of Propulsion Plants.

31) Operation of Marine Machinery, Equipments and Diesel Engines:


Marine Diesel engines, Aux. steam boilers, construction and details of all parts and fittings, Fuel and
combustion systems, Marine diesel engine, marine gas turbines (trunk and cross-head types) gearing
systems and clutches; Starting and reversing systems; Cooling and lubricating systems; Fuel oil
preparation systems; Auxiliary diesel engine and associated equipment;
Control and alarm systems associated with automatic operation of a diesel plant; Assessment of engine
power, the running adjustments to maintain performance; Safe and efficient operation and
maintenance of marine diesel engines/Steam turbines.
Crank case inspection, depth gauge and crank shaft deflection. UMS operations. Governors. Turbo
chargers. Supercharging and Scavenging system.

32) Practical knowledge: Start Up and Shut Down Main and Auxiliary Machinery, Including
Associated System - Engine components, engine lubrication, fuel injection, scavenging and
supercharging, starting and reversing, cooling systems, diesel engine control and safety, diesel engine
emergency operation, multi-engine propulsion arrangement, air compressors and compressed air systems,
hydraulic power system,

Steam boilers, mountings, feed water systems and lubricating oil system. Gland sealing system.
Assessment of plant efficiencies, types of auxiliary boilers, auxiliary steam system, safety valves, boiler
water level indicators, use of sea water in boilers, use of fresh water in boilers, boiler water testing, boiler
water treatment, auxiliary steam turbines, boiler defects, boiler survey and repairs, evaporators, thermal
fluid heating system.

The efficient operation, surveillance, performance assessment and maintaining safety of propulsion plant
and auxiliary machinery - diesel engines, Steam turbines, boilers and gas turbines.

Steam turbines, Gearing and Lubricating systems, Steam distribution systems, and associated equipment,
condensers, ejectors, heat exchangers and feed heaters, air heaters and economisers and draining system of
turbine and plants including steam traps. Heat exchangers – Operation, Principles, Types, Material of
construction.
Manoeuvring system including Astern running.

33) Electrical machines and troubleshooting:


a) Theoretical Knowledge - Marine Electrotechnology, Electronics, Power Electronics, Automatic Control
Engineering And Safety Devices - Marine Electrotechnology, Electronics, Power Electronics, Automatic
Control Engineering and Safety devices.
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b) DC machines: The principles, constructional details and protection of DC series, shunt and compound
wound motors and generators. Self excitation, generation of back e.m.f and load/ voltage characteristics.
Methods of voltage control, paralleling procedures and load sharing for DC generators. Types of starters,
characteristics between speed and torque, speed control of DC motors.

c) AC machines: Theory of rotating magnetic fields. Relation between frequency and number of poles and
speed of a machine. Relation between slip, rotor e.m.f. and frequency, torque-speed characteristics.
Theory of synchronous and induction motors. Constructional details of synchronous machines and
induction motors. Coupling, load sharing and changing over generators.

Electrical Motors – A.C. & D.C. Motor. Generators – A.C. & D.C. generators.

Design features and system configuration of operational control equipment for electrical motors - three
phase A. C. motor, three phase synchronous motors, effect of varying frequency and voltage of A. C.
motors, Motor control and protection, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) motor speed control, motor
speed control by thyristors, three phase generators, three phase transformers, distribution, emergency
power.

d) Transformers: Theory of transformers and their onboard usage, specifications of coolant.

e) Distribution systems: Various means of starting AC machines, motor speed control, HV and LV switch
gear, distribution and equipment. Coupling and breaking connection between switchboard and distribution
panels. Basics of Electrical Propulsion System. Power Distribution Systems – Distribution, Insulation,
Transformer, Types.

f) Basic electrical engineering


Electrical Theory – Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Law, Electrical circuits, Impedance and inductance.
Fundamentals of Alternating Current – Alternating current, Electro-magnetic induction, Work energy and
power.
Electrical Motor Starting Methodologies, High-Voltage Installations, Lighting, Cables, Batteries.
Design features of high-voltage installations.

Mandatory requirements for electrical installations. Ships lighting. Safe working practice. Electric
protective devices. Specification and installation of cables for various shipboard uses. Electrical and
electronic systems operating in flammable areas. The hazards and precautions required for the operation
of power systems of above 1.000 volts. Shore supply.

34) Electronics:
Transistor as an amplifier, switch, oscillator. IC 555 based timers, audio-visual alarms. Photo Electric
Devices e.g. LED, LCD, 7 Segment Display. Basics of digital electronics.
Basic electronics – Electron Theory
Basic Electronic Circuit Elements – Semi conductor, Thyristor, Integrated Circuit (IC) and Large scale
Integrated Circuit (LSI).
Electronic Control Equipment – Control mechanism of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), Integrated
Automation Control and Monitoring System (IACMS), Computer programmable Controller, Relay Circuit
unit, Digital Sequential Control devices.
Flowchart for Automatic and Control System – Depiction and understanding of flowcharts, Symbols
utilization and processes involved.

35) Instrumentation & Control Systems:


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Static and dynamic characteristics of measuring instruments. Construction and operation of electrical
testing and measuring equipment. Filters, Regulated Power Supply. Transducers and transmitters suitable
for measurement of temperature, pressure, flow, level, speed, torque, vibration, humidity and water
content with calibration.
Theory and characteristics of PID control and its tuning. V-I, I-V, P-I & I-P convertors. Basics of
Programmable Logic Control.

36) Basic control engineering: Fundamentals of Automatic Control, Various Automatic Control, ON-
OFF Control, Sequential Control, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control.
Measurement of Process Value – Temperature (Mechanical, Electrical), Pressure, Level (Direct methods
and Inferential methods), Flow, General measurement and process.
Transmission of Signals – Transmitters, Controlling elements (Pneumatic, Electrical, Receivers).
Manipulator Elements – Principles, Operation, Application, Pneumatic, Electrical Servomotor, Hydraulic
Servomotor.

Functions and mechanism of automatic control for main engines and auxiliary machinery - Generator
distribution system, Steam boiler, Oil purifier, Refrigeration system, Pumping and piping system, Steering
gear system, Cargo-handling equipment and deck machinery.

Design features and system configuration of automatic control equipment and safety devices for the
following - General Requirements, Main Engine, Generator and distribution system, Steam boiler.

Features of Pneumatic and Hydraulic Control Equipment.

Maintenance and repair of electrical and electronic equipment: Safety requirements for working on ship
board electrical systems, including isolation of all electrical plants and equipment required before
personnel are permitted to work on such plant and equipment.

Maintenance and repair - Principles of Maintenance, Generator, Switchboard, Electrical Motors, Starters,
Distribution System – Transformer, Distribution, Cables, D.C Electrical Systems and Equipment – Battery
system, Remote automatic control equipment.
Detection of electric malfunction and measures to prevent damage - Essential requirements for Fault
Protection, Fault Location.

37) Manage Trouble Shooting Restoration of Electrical and Electronic Control Equipment to
Operating Condition Practical Knowledge:
Trouble Shooting Of Electrical and Electronic Control Equipment
Electrical safety, Test equipment, Interpretation of circuit symbols, Logical six step trouble shooting
procedure, Generation, Prime mover electrical control, Main air circuit breaker, Protection of generators,
Electrical distribution systems, Motors, Electrical survey requirements, Calibrate and adjust transmitters
and controllers, Control system fault finding.

Function test of electrical, electronic control equipment and safety devices

Trouble Shooting Of Monitoring Systems - Test and calibration of sensors and transducers of monitoring
system.
Software Version Control - Programmable logic controllers (PLC), Microcontrollers, Digital techniques.

Construction and operation of electrical testing and measuring equipment – Construction, Operation &
Principles of insulation tester, Continuity tester, Multi tester, Clampmeter.

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Function and performance test and configuration - Monitoring Systems, Automatic Control Devices
(Process control & system control), Protective Devices.
Electrical and simple electronic diagrams – Electric and Electronic symbols and Interpretations of Flow
diagrams and Circuits.

38) Marine Engineering Maintenance:


Maintenance and repair such as dismantling, adjustment and reassembling of machinery and equipment.
Fastening, Preparation for work on machinery, heat exchangers etc., General maintenance procedure of
Centrifugal Pumps fitted with a means of air extraction, reciprocating pumps. Screw and Gear Pumps,
pipes, valves, air compressors, heat exchanger. Maintenance and repair of diesel engine, auxiliary steam
engine, petrol engine, turbocharger, diesel engine components, wear and tear, alignment of machinery
components, correction of defects, breakdown repairs, steering gear. Maintenance and repair of oil fuel
burners, propulsion shafting, refrigeration, deck machinery. Maintenance and repair of Auxiliary Boilers;
Maintenance and repairs of deck machinery and hydraulic equipments; Hull inspection, maintenance and
repairs of vessel in dry dock.
Methods for carrying out safe emergency/ temporary repairs.

Knowledge of:
Classification society and class certificates
Statutory certification of ships/ Class verification
Surveys for maintenance and renewal of class and statutory certificates
Planned maintenance system as per ISM code- Planning repairs. .

Maintenance and repairs of main boilers, turbines and steam plants.


Safety and emergency procedures, safe isolation of all main and auxiliary machineries required before
personnel are permitted to work on such plant and equipment. Safe trials and commissioning after repairs
and trails.

39) Detect and Identify the Cause of Machinery Malfunctions and Correct Faults - Practical
Knowledge - Detection of machinery malfunctions, location of faults and action to prevent damage,
unplanned maintenance.
Inspection and adjustment of all relevant equipment.

40) Maintenance and Repair at the Management Level


a) Theory of maintenance:
Theoretical knowledge of Marine engineering practice and maintenance of machinery.
Methods of dealing with wear and tear of machinery, both electrical and mechanical. Alignment of
machinery components. Correction of defects. Temporary or permanent repairs in the event of breakdown.
Detection of machinery malfunction, location of faults and action to prevent damage.

b) Practice of maintenance:
Management and conduct of ship maintenance by planned maintenance and preventive maintenance.
Theory of condition monitoring and its application onboard ships. Principles of tribology and its practises.
Planning and execution of dry docking and other major repairs.
Manageable breakdowns and emergency repairs.
Planning and execution of safe maintenance activity and repair procedures taking into account technical,
legislative, safety procedurals specification, appropriate plan, specification of materials and equipment
available for maintenance and repairs.
Risk assessment and evaluation before commencement of maintenance activity.
Destructive and non destructive testing.
Trials and restoration of the plant after repairs.
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Safe working practices.

41) Ship construction:


Common terms used in the measurement of steel ships. e.g. length between perpendiculars, breadth
overall, moulded depth, draught and freeboard. Definitions of shipbuilding terms in general use.
Descriptions and sketches of structural members in ordinary types of steel ships. Load Lines, Deck line,
Free board, Plimsol line, Watertight doors. Hatches, Rudders, Bow-thrusters. Propellers, Watertight
bulkheads. Double bottoms. Anchors and cables. Descriptive treatment of the effect of free surface of
liquids on stability. Arrangements for the carriage of dangerous goods in bulk.

Ventilation arrangements (natural and mechanical) for pump rooms in tankers and for holds and oil fuel
tanks.

Fore and aft peak tanks, double bottom and deep tank filling and pumping arrangements. Compartmental
drainage. Levelling arrangements for damaged side compartments.

Ship dimensions and form: General arrangement of General cargo, tankers, bulk carriers, combination
carriers, containers, ro-ro and passenger ships, definitions of camber, rise of floor, flare, sheer, rake etc.,
Ship stresses: Hogging, sagging, racking, panting, pounding, slamming etc, Hull structure: Proper names
for the various parts, standard steel sections etc., Bow and stern: Stern frame, structural arrangement
forward and aft to withstand panting and pounding etc., Fittings: Water tightness to the hatches, opening in
oil tankers, chain lockers and attachment of cables, bilge piping system, ballast system, sounding and air
pipes etc., Rudders and propellers: Construction of rudders and propeller, controllable pitch propeller,
stern tube arrangement etc.,
Process of welding.

42) Naval Architecture:


General. Displacement, Wetted surface, block midsection, prismatic and water-plane area coefficient.
Bonjean Curves, Body Plan, Tonne per centimetre immersion. Application of Simpson's 1 st and 2nd Rules
to areas, moments of areas, volumes and moments of volumes, 2nd Moment of area, Application of 3, -8, 1
rule,
Displacement, Laws of Floatation, TPC, Coefficient of Form, Calculation of area, volume & moments.
Transverse Stability of ships, Working knowledge and application of stability, trim and stress tables,
diagrams and stress calculating equipment, fundamentals of water tight integrity, actions to be taken in the
event of partial loss of intact stability, List and Its Correction, Effect of slack tanks.

IMO recommendations concerning Ship Stability.

Draught and buoyancy. Alteration of mean draught due to change in density of water, Buoyancy and
reserve buoyancy. Effect of bilging amid ship compartments.
Transverse stability Centre of gravity. Centre of buoyancy. Metacentre. Shift of centre of gravity due to
addition or removal of mass, transverse movement of mass. Stability at small angles of heel, KB, BM,
Angle of loll and Hydrostatic Curves, Initial stability, Moments of statical stability. The inclining
experiment.

Resistance and propulsion. Comparison of skin frictional resistance of hull with model at different speeds.
R = f.s.vn and residual resistance. Admiralty and Fuel coefficients. Relation between speed of vessel and
fuel consumption with constant displacement and assuming that resistance varies as (speed) n.

Theoretical knowledge of Naval Architecture and Ship Construction including damage control.

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43) National & International Legislation:
National Legislation for implementing International agreements and Conventions.
(a) Safety related –
Precautions against fire and explosions, fire prevention, detection and extinction in all parts of a
ship Personal survival techniques and life saving appliances on ship, Medical Care:
Theory of fire; Fire control aboard ships; Ship fire fighting organisations; Training of seafarers in fire
fighting; Procedures for fire fighting; Inspection and servicing of fire appliances and equipment; Fire
fighting process hazards; First aid; Fire investigations and reporting; Case studies;

Safety; Safe Working Practices; Emergency situations; Principles of survival; Use of survival equipment;
Survival craft and rescue boat; Methods of helicopter rescue; Launching arrangements; Lifeboat engine
and accessories; Evacuation; Signalling equipment and pyrotechnics; First aid; Radio equipment;
Launching and handling survival craft in rough weather.
Knowledge of relevant international maritime law embodied in international agreements and applicable
conventions. Requirements and responsibilities under Safety of Life at Sea Convention, 1974; Load Lines
Convention, 1966 and Standards of Training, Certification & Watchkeeping Convention, 1978.

Surveys and audits, certification and their validity. Certificates and other documents that are required to be
on board ships

Operations and maintenance of life-saving, fire-detection, fire-fighting and other safety equipment on
board ships.

International Conventions, as amended from time to time:


Safety of Life at Sea Convention, 1974; Load Lines Convention, 1966; Tonnage Convention, 1969;
Standards of Training, Certification & Watch keeping Convention, 1978;

Responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International Convention for the safety of life at
sea
1. Brief description of International Convention for the safety of life at sea
2. Obligation to carry out surveys and maintain validity of certificates
3. Obligation to maintain records
4. Obligation and rights of master

(b) Pollution related –


Marine environment:
Marine environmental awareness; marine ecology, seas and coastal areas; discharges to sea and their
environmental impact; accidental & operational discharges; emissions to air from ships; other pollutants;
proactive measures to control pollution and maintain environment.

Precaution to be taken to prevent pollution of the Marine environment:


During bunkering, loading/ discharging oil cargo, tank cleaning, pumping out bilges, and knowledge of
construction and operation of Oil pollution prevention equipment in engine room and on other specialized
ships.

MARPOL, 73/78 (all Annexes, equipment requirements and their operations, documentation, including
necessary record books); Ballast Water Management Convention, 2004; Antifouling Convention, 2001;
National legislations of other countries like Oil Pollution Act, 1990.

Responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International Convention for the prevention of
Pollution from Ships - Annex I, Annex II, Annex III, Annex IV, Annex V, Annex VI.
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Requirements and responsibilities under MARPOL, 73/78 (all Annexes, equipment requirements and their
operations, documentation, including necessary record books); Ballast Water Management Convention,
2004; Antifouling Convention, 2001; National legislations of other countries like Oil Pollution Act, 1990.

Environmental impact of accidental & operational discharges; emissions to air from ships; other
pollutants; proactive measures to control pollution and maintain environment.

Emergency situations; actions to be taken for protecting and safeguarding environment.

(c)Security related – Security awareness; identification of security threats; security related duties; ISPS
Code and its requirements - ship security plan; levels of security; controlling measures; drills &
exercises; documentation; audits and certification.
(d) Liability related – Concept of Liability & Compensation as related to Marine Pollution.

(e) ISM Code and its requirements - Safety management system, Documentation and Certification.

(f) National Legislation – Merchant Shipping Act, 1958; Role of Maritime Administration (Directorate
General of Shipping) and its functions; DGS Rules and MS Notices; Flag State requirements;
Statutory surveys and certification; Port State Control.

44) Other aspects:


(a) International Organizations – International Maritime Organization (IMO) and its functions;
International Labour Organization (ILO) and Maritime Labour Convention, 2006.

(b) Classification Societies – Classification; role of societies; surveys and certification; International
Association of Classification Societies.

International health regulations; Understands practical applications of medical guides; Understands


process of radio medical advice; Demonstrates knowledge of actions to be taken in case of accidents or
illnesses that are likely to occur on board ships.

Knowledge of Relevant International Maritime Law Embodied In International Agreements and


Conventions
1. United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS)
2. Treaties, conventions, protocols, rules and regulations
3. International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
4. List of IMO Conventions
5. Introduction to International Labour Organisation (ILO)
6. World Health Organisation (WHO)
7. Authorities & Regulations

Certificates and other documents to be carried on board ships by International Conventions, how they
may be obtained and period of their legal validity
1. List of Certificates and documents to be carried on board ships as per SOLAS Annex 1, how they
are obtained and their period of validity
2. Additional certificates and documents required on board ships

Maritime Declarations of Health and the requirements of the International Health Regulations
1. WHO’s International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR)
2. International Medical Guide for ships (IMGS)
3. IMO’s Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG)
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4. WHO’s Guidelines for drinking water quality

Responsibilities under International Instruments Affecting the Safety of the Ships, Passengers, Crew or
Cargo
1. ILO’s Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC 2006)
2. Convention on the International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG) 1972
3. International Convention on Salvage 1989; Lloyd’s Standard Form of Salvage Agreement (LOF
2000)
4. Convention on Limitation of Liability of Maritime Claims 1976
5. International Convention for the Unification of certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading
(Hague-Visby Rules)
6. Charter parties
7. Marine Insurance, General Average and P & I Club

Methods and Aids to Prevent Pollution of the Environment by Ships


1. List of Conventions – Refer to 4.2.1.4
2. Sources of Marine Pollution
3. Effects of Marine oil spills
4. Regulations for prevention of oil pollution as per Annex I of MARPOL 73/78
5. Regulations for control of pollution from Noxious liquid substances carried in bulk as per Annex
II of MARPOL 73/78
6. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful substances carried by sea in packaged
form as per Annex III of MARPOL 73/78
7. Requirements covering the carriage of dangerous goods by sea as per Chapter VII of the SOLAS
Convention
8. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships as per Annex IV of MARPOL
73/78
9. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships as per Annex V of MARPOL
73/78
10. Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution as per Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78
11. International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and
Sediments
12. International Convention for the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships (AFS) 2001
13. Noise

45) Maintain Safety And Security Of The Vessel, Crew And Passengers And The Operational
Condition Of The Life Saving, Fire Fighting And Other Safety Systems:
Life Saving Appliances Regulations (SOLAS) - Life-Saving appliances and arrangements (Chapter III of
SOLAS) and life-saving appliance code.

Organisation of fire and abandon ship drill.

Maintenance of life-saving, fire-fighting and other safety systems.

Actions to be taken to protect and safeguard all persons on board in emergencies - Rescue of persons from
a vessel in distress or from a wreck; and Man-overboard procedures.

Action to Limit Damage and Salve the Ship Following Fire, Explosion, Collision or Grounding -
Contingency plans for response to emergencies, Means of limiting damage and salving the ship following
a fire or explosion, Procedures for abandoning ship.

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46) Leadership and team working skills:
Introduction to Management, Related Conventions and National Legislations, applies task and workload
management, applies effective resource management and decision making.
Engine room resource management, effective corrections, allocation of resources. Planning and
coordination, work load management, time and resource constraints. Personal relationship on board ship,
working in multi cultural environment.

47) Leadership and Managerial Skills:


Knowledge of Shipboard Personnel Management and Training - Engineer and Manager, Human Resource
Management, Training and Development, Maintenance Management.

Ability to Apply Task and workload management – Communication, Team building, Planning and co-
ordination, Personal assignments, Time and resource constraints, Prioritization.

Knowledge and ability to apply effective Resource Management - Allocation, assignment and
prioritization of resources, Effective communication on board and ashore, Decisions reflect consideration
of team experience.

Knowledge and ability to apply Decision-Making Techniques - Management processes and functions,
Negotiating skills, Situation and risk assessment, Identify and generate options, Select course of action,
Evaluation of outcome effectiveness.

Development, Implementation, and Oversight of Standard Operating Procedures - Project planning and
controlling.

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