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. , . . .
,..· : -·.; - . ·' . ' . ' ~ . ~
. Si~:g~pqr~·:.lrfechaizical & Electrical En'gin~e(liti·Di~ision
: :'<''::.;:_"i:'i'.;:;-·· -. . . ... _ . , . · ·,.,:.::c . _·:. '., .' '.

...

DESIGN 'PROCEDURES : '

MANUAL

P.4-.RT· 1 . :
·::.::,;:·_.,.

MECW..J.V!CAL ENGI!./EERLVG
• ••

FIRE PROTECTI01V
. AIR-CONDITIOIVING .. ; . ,.

& }JECH VENTILATIO ..V _:': . :

.: :...
DOMESTIC COLD W.4.TER
DOMESTIC HOT WATER
SAZ'YIT.4.RY PLUMBING . ·:-
_.. ~
~ :::. . . . . :._ . ; ".

G "S
·.: ~~? .;::. i.~ -: ."i

. _- -_:>,En"'.:· '.·.·
. ·";·. ·.,·'-. ~
... · .,.. ·-~-~~-· ... '
-. --·~; .
. . . :, . -~\/\;\/\ .
. . I. \: ·.·
This
' .
Handbook
\ _/
remains the property of ' '

Jf einhardrt'Singcpore) Pre Ltd and must be

· ·rerU.med to the Dfriswn. Manager, Mechanical
._
& .El~cmcal
. - - .
Depcrtment
.
at the end of employment
',

>. . .~:..- .: ·... ~.

·, i ·.
 I DESIGN M..4....1'LJAL FOR FIRE PROTECTION

l A~ a: R.E.GUL.A TI ONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . FP. l

1 AUTHOiUTIES R.EQ~'T ON !(}II.DING
PLAN' ~y Alt.CHITECI) AND FUE PLA.11{ ~y
_ ENGI1''Ell) ~ON ••••••••••.•....•....••...... FP.l
3 TYPES OF PiiOTECTION NOil.~ Y APPLICA!LE .••.••...• FP.l
4 ESI' .ULISH THE PW.OTECTION llQUllED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FP .2
5 SP'K.Th~ D £S'I Qi GUIDE· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . . • • FP .2.
6 FIRE ALAR.\! SYS'IT]yf DESIGN GUIDE • • . • • • • . • • • • . • • • . • • FP .9
.
AFP'ENI)[X I : DETAIL Di.Y fW'i:f :i..ISEi. DESIGN FLOW CHAltT • • • . • FP.11
APPENDCX II : OUI'LINE S?2.INKLE1t DESIGN FLOW CH.UT • . . . . . . FP ..U
APPENDIX III : ELECT'i.ICAL FIRE ALAR..\.! SYSTEM • . . • . . • . . . . . . FP .13
APPEl'ffirx rY : BOSnEEL DESIGN FLO w CHAltT . • . • . . . • . . • . . . FP.14

.- -'
 ISO sooi co;-.;cEPT

1 ACTS & REGL"LATIONS

The following acts and regulations governs the design of the fire protection:

i. 1 The Building Control Act 1989.

1.2 The Building Control Regulation 1989.
,.(' 1.3 Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Building 199 l(Rap~ B~ l9''i':l-) -
1.4 Code of Practice for Installarion & Servicing of Electrical Fire APa.-:n System
CPlO: 1993.
P--1.5 Code of Practice for Mechanical Venrilarion and Air Conditioninz in Buildinzs
CP13: 1980.(~l4M B~ 'looQ) - -
.,.t°l.6 Code of Practice for Automatic Fire Sprinkler System CP52: 1990.
.Iii i. 7 Code of Practice for The Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
C?40: 1987.
7' 1.8 Code of Practice for Fire Hydrant System and Hosereel CP29: 1984.

z AuTHORITIES REQL"IRE.ML.YI ox BUILDI?"G PLA.~ (BY ARCP.lTECT) A.."'"D

;FIRE. PL~'l (BY E..'iGINEE.RS) Sl.""B~fISSION.

In any building that requires Building P!a:1 approval by the FSB (BP Unit). the Architect
shall endorse the Mode of Protection required for the building and any otter requi:e~e:::
by the BP Unit. Engineers shall then designed accordingly. However, we shall take :..'.'::
proactive role to determine the type of protection required.

3 TYPES OF PROTECTION NOR.\i.UL Y A.PPLICA.BLE

The following types of Fire Protection System are normally applicable:

• :.; . 1 Dry Riser (Refer App I) .

. 3.2 W et Riser (Refer App I).
3.3 Automatic Sprinkler (Ref er A?P Il).
3.4 Automatic Alarm (Refer App ill).
3.5 Hosereel System (Refer Iv).
3.6 Fire Extinguisher.
3.i Manual D.11 Point.
3.8 Iraernal Hydrant.
3.9 • Deluge Warer Foam System.
3.10 " Drenching System.

These are only applicable co the flammable liquid storage and shall not be deal:
with.

--
-~.I '
DESIGN '.\1.~'-rTAL FOR f1RE PROTECTIO~ SYSTE~f ISO 9001 co~·CEPT

+ ESTABLISH TH..t. PROITCTIO'.'\ REQUIRED

Ir is ~mpor:a.:u [ ......., ,._ ,.., ,.. ~ _,....

· .,.. the
. .. - -h,,.,..
'J 't-'·- of r.,ro·1. ..........•
ection.:. required rrorn .~. . ......
; proposec
developmerus.

Appendices I [O rv are L... e design flow ::-..:..;. which determine the

required as follows.

$ 4.1 A ..,,.....
t't' ... . . dlx I·,, the •1·01.:.: chart that determi ... es if drv/wet
d ~ - ~ L \.. &. \. • •,.'II .... riser is r .. ,,,.;.,.,.;
• ........ .,.i..-.J.U.4 .:..11 t ....·~
L .a.. ... ""':...;..... ~. , , _

- .
desizn criteria'recuirernent are outlined and Ll-ie flow charts enable the desizner tc
work out t:.e L:..."'.k':::11.!."T..P sizes, riser diameter, plarmoom sizes etc.
-
¥4.2 Appendix II is the flow chart that determines if sprinkler is required. As L~e
design of sprinkler .¢e;:>end..s on a lot more variable Lfiat risers. the chart will not
deal with the detail such as plantrcorn size, tank/pump capaciry, hazard class.
However, it will enable the designer to establish the conceptual design of the
sprinkler system. Section 5 is extracted from and shall be read in conjunction
with CP52.

A~·~:--..diJ: III is the flow chart tna: derermines if electrical fire alarm :s requirec
Section 6 is extracted from and shal! be read in conjunction with CPlO.

.......
A A Ap;::-::-.diJ: IV is the flew chart that determines if hosereel is requirec 2...'1d i: alsc
I~ co L":~ detail design of the hcsereel system.

5 SPR.Th"KLER D£5IG~ Gl.1DE

5. I Reccgnisec Codes of Practice

a. .
S i.::.gapore -·Stzada
· .. d c0• "' · 'nl"lr'\
--d•7V, Code or p,..~,...:- ......
~ ·._,..,~ -" ut -"'"\,~
•. ,....._ .. -a.ic- r-:ire
.
.
Sprinkler Svsterns.
.
•':. Rules for Automatic Sprinkler Installation. The Loss Prevention Council.
ES 5306:?a:: 2: 1990 Fire Extinguishing Installation and Ecuiprnern en
Pr· uses Part 2 specifically for sprinkler system.
. ror
SJ._A.. C ooe . Autornanc. -·
r-i.:e s ?•-=-~·
ulJ..le::s s ysterns .-...:i
. - "'.... 1 '8., ! ..
--g
~' .

·d S:z_r-b.:-d fer :be iD.s~larior. cf sprinkler systems S'F?A Ne. :;. Bosten
~~-

.< 1 '.l:Se :xe:S · ' reccgnisec

a:e oruy · ...,., o-" ~
_,,e ~:·
'-' case
_._, basis.
_....., ~·--'A•
- ··--· --
:i:-:-..:.::-;.S:.z:.:~ CP52 shall be complied fully even :.:"!ol!gh ·.:.. e ::-.zy ":)e
ailcwec to ces ign to oL11e:- c.;proved codes.

...:::.. . ~·
DESIG~ ~l.\.~l:A.L F0R FIRE PRGTECTI©N SYSTE.\1 150 9001 CC"J:-OCE?T

5.2 Basic Requirements for Sprinkler Submission

a.. Site Plan and Layout Plans

The following information shall be shown on plans:

i. Occupancy -of each room. type and height of storage and ·

production process if applicable.

ii. System co be properly coloured.

iii. Fire resistance rating of partitions/walls separating sprinklered and

non-sprinklered areas, if applicable.

iv. Sectional views showing ceiling, beams and structural features

which will affect the performance of sprinklers. Sprinkler
distributions should be shown on the Sectional views.

v. Range and distribution pipes and their connection co main com:cl

valve/main distribution pipe. Diameter of these pipes to be
clearly indicated (L'1 metric).

Yi. Metric units to be used.

vii. Specification of orifice plates, if any.

viii. Type, nominal diameter and temperature racing of sprin ...&::e:s to be

installed.

ix. Location and type of main control valves and position cf alarm
motor and gong and facilities for water proving. A skerca of the
main control valve with all the necessary ancillaries to be
incorporated.

x. Flow switch to be provided on each floor.

xi, Location of main sprinkler alarm pane! and its indications.

:::.ii. Hazard class to be clearly indicated. Design density cf discharge

and assume area of operation of the system to be endorsed on
plans.

xiii. Design points to be marked dearly.

xiv. Total number of sprinklers in each installation.

~\'. Required running pressure and flow rate at each control

valves.

J,Of"'- ;:~.3
DESIG~ 1\l.\..'<1..'A..L FOR FIRE PROTECTIO~ SYSTE:\1 ISO 900 l CO~CEPT

b. Schematic Drawing

Schematic drawing shall indicate dearly the main distribution of sorin ..<.:e:
pipeworks, pipe sizes. position and capacity of water ta..-.k (if any).
position and characteristic of pumps (if any), the height of the highest
sprinkler with respect co a stated datum and connection to each main
control valve and installation.

c. A summary of pressure less calculation in the distribution pipeworxs.

One copy, duly endorsed by the Professional Engineer, co be submitrec.

5. 3 Hazard Classes

The very wide range of occupancies to be found in the highly industrialised

sociery of today have been grouped into three hazard classes. Although the names
of these classes differ. there is good agreement between the CP 52 LPC. AS 2118
Rule! and the NFPA standard, as to which type of occupancy should be in which
hazard class.

Tne hazard :!a.s.s is related to the cuantirv and combustibilirv of r.he materials
prociu~. used or scored. The {ijgh~r the fire risl::. the greJ.te; the wa:er de~.·
required for the protection of that risk,
. ·-------
In C? 52, L1e hazard classes are as follows:

a. Extra light hazard, e.g. resicenrial. boarding houses. churches. etc.

.
u. Orcizary h Fi' rd

e.g , offices, hotels. motels. restaurants and cafes

Group 2 - e.g. laundries, car parks, etc.

e.g. departmental store. shopping complex

Group 3 special - exhibitions. film a television studios. metal

factories,

c. E.x::i high hazard

Process risk - foam plastic. rubber good mi etc.

High piled storage disk - Tnese risks are sub-divided into four categories.
e.g. categories L II. III. rv.
DESIG:--,' ~1A.....,T ..\L FOR FIRE PROTECTio~· SYSTE.\1 - ISO 9{)()1 CO:--iCE?l

5 .4 W:ater Supply

2. T.'1e water supply must have a pressure.flew characteristic net less ~ . . .:.... .
0.at required for the i.r..sta!!ation.
·--- -
b. Water supplies should be under the control of the occupier cf :::e builcir.g
containing the installation.

c. City water is acceptable.

C:. The use of salt or brackish water is not allowed.

e. Source of ware: supply:

1. Direct connection to City main is not acceptable.

u. Gravity c.2.n.ks shall comply with the following:

(l ) Stare minimum capacity required.

(3) No sharing of sprinkler water tank for dornesric.

industrial er other fire fighring purposes.

(5) Refill rare shall be indicated.

in. Pump suction ta..'"'•ks:

(1) A5 in (ii)(l) to (5) above.

(2) Reliab le autotnaric iaflow.

(3) Check the ~ flow rate based on the period specinec

according to eie b::-; '"d classes. Tnis infiow r~;.!ire:71e:::
tc be e:idorsed on pia...1.

i. Generally consists of a pair of dury and stanccy .

..... ·~<
:-'--"'":""'-... either... born numcs
r .... to be connected to :::-.e
ge:-,e:-,,. ror supply or the stzndby p;.::.-,;s re r e
driven by diesel.

··
11. Chara cterisrics of pwnD. s .. to mee: ~: ~=-au::--e:
:ic...., and pressure condnicns.
DESIG!'i ~l.i-"'L'
..\.L FOR :FIRE PROTECno~· SYSIT.\f
IS& tt-tl CO~CE?"T

111. Characrenstics of duty and sta. ndby pumps sha.l

be s imilar.

iv. Lis red sprinkler pumps to be used.

v. Pumps to be installed under positive heac

conditions and sha 11 not be located at more rt.:..-:
30m from tank.

vi. Auto-starring and change over.

i. Proving of water supplies.

g. Fire brigade breeching inlets cc the header of control valve (in the case cf
low rise) or to the break tank (high rise with stages) ..

5.5 Spacing a.:-,C Location of Sprinklers

a. Complete coverage in the sprinklered building.

b. Ma..~iz::um area coverage per sprinkler depending on the hazard classes

c. Maximum distance between sprinklers en range, pipes and be:we=:-.

adjacent rows of sprinklers depeoding on the hazard class.

~ d. M~:..:rn distance oerween sprinklers - not closer r.I-.2..n 2:n betwee::

sprinklers,

• D:.S~~ of sprinklers from walls and partitions.

f. Totai numb-er of sprinklers conrrollec by a set of valves.

g. Location of sprinkler heads below ceilings and roofs.

h. Maximum height of sprinkler deflector above bortorn of beam or hois:

Maximum distznce of sprinkler deflector from roof/ceiling is 75mm Ide.2.1
distance is 75m to 150m.rn. Maximum distance is 45Gm from non-
-
combustible ceilinz and 300m from combustible ceilinz ,
-
1. Clearance berween sprinkler deflector a..00 other structure members ~--:
high piled storage.

J. Concealed sprinkler to be installed in concealed ceiling or roof space

exceed 0.4m in depth. Please note the different design criteria fc:
sprinkler pipework: in concealed space.

;:I". i
D£SIGN '.\i..A~"-u ..U FOR FIRE PROTECTIO~ SYSTE:'l-f ISO 9001 coxcrr-r

I. Sprinklers to be installed under ducts with width e.i:;cee::'.in£ i rn. If beam

is next to wall and duct is more ~ha.n 80Crm.rn sprinkle: is required below
duct. If duct is more L\;.a.-, 15Crr:un from wail sprinkle: is required. C'...!::
is more than lOCOmrn. ·

m. Cut-off sprinklers to be installed over the lintel a doer of the protected

staircases .. Toilets shall be fully sprinkled.

n. Rooms or compartments containing electric switch gear or other electrical

apparatus and use for no other purpose to be protected by smoke
detectors.

?'o· Special consideration for sprinkler protection in special occupancy e.g.

canopies, theatres, studio and etc,

~· For room subject. to explosive hazard, the sprinkler shall be taken fro:::
separate set of valve incorporating non transfer switch (monitored by the
fIB) and to the located at Sm away from the said room.

--r q. Raised fioor exceeding :sorn.zn for computer room shall be fuily
sprinklered.

ti- r, All toilets to be sprinklered.

a. Type:

l. Conventional - upright. pendent.

H. Spray - upright, pendent.
iii. Other sprinklers for special functions

b. S~ of sprinkler orifices

Te::n.Derarure rarinzs - generally suitable 68/74 °C

C.
- -
d. Make of L'1e sprinkler.

2.. Pipe soecificariou BS 1387 for pipe up to l50r.""'7l ciamerer 2....'1d

BS360iJJISG3452 Sch 40 for pipes 2C0rn:;i diameter and screw joint :c
BS2 l for pipe size up to 65r!"'.a~ and mechanical coupling (victzulic) fo~
pipe sizes 80rnm diameter and above. All pipes .. cor_.-:.~~'.ng LO ~·fa::-.
Dist:ibution pipe of 8~ above shall be victaulic ccupnng or orhe:
a C::=? tab le s tandards .

b. Sprinkler pipework should not pass through ur..sprir~::~ buildings unless

L~e pipe are enclosed. in fa: rared enclosur e.

~;::> ~
r .. I
 DESIGN ~L\ ..'-,TAL FOR FlR.E PROITCTIO:''i SYSTE~1 ISO 9{)()1 CO~CEPT

c. Flushing connections Cit t!:e exu erruries of distribution pipes robe provic ec
and discharge L...,_..c,..:g!i floor waste in toilets where applicable.

t. Correct sizing of :_1..,e range pipes and distribution pipes based on :'.".e
hazard classes and the number of sprinklers.

e. Design points - a;p rcpriareness.

;
1. Check the hydraulic calculation,

Except for concealed space protection where the riser (or dropper) can '.:e
limited to within 300rnm in length, under all other circumsta ..nces.
minimum diameter of range pipe shall be- 32mm.

h. Sprinkler pipework should be designed and based on distribution pipe

scheduled and not range pipe schedule as inevitableliry on site due to
ceiling cccrdinarion sprinkler armpieces will be more than 30C'!D.rn. By
des igning sprinkle: pipework base don distribution pipework schedule re-
design arising out cf sprinkler arm pieces being more L1.a..1 30:-::r:.m can z-e
avoided.

2. .
•
~

c. In tae case of higarise buildings a flow/pressure switch to be installed ::::

eaca floor for transmission of electrical alarm signals and sounding :c':e
alarm be lls .

Maximum number cf sprinkler conrrolled by sorinkier valve is as

follows:

L E~~ Light Hazard 500

jj. Ordinary Ec-;::rd 1000
iii ~X:O.d High 2u.ud 1000

Secarare control valve to be orovicec for in-rack or inrermediae

S?~:.i:ler. ~faxis~ allowable per valve is iCOJ parts.

. .
Do net ;:i:s1~ .
spnzxler ·L-· . . ' ~~., ..
syste~ .sue h -..:.= .:. v a;ve ......... ro l me~~
• · ~ .;,~.,
·-'"""'' 9()-:~

.~Jlc~· for. furure a.C.di·:ion.

.,a; ........___;.
;:p_s
DESIG:\ :Vl~'-.T.U FOR FlRE PROTECTI0:'-1 SYSIT\f ISO 9001 CO~CEPT

6 F1RE A.LA.R..\1 SYSTL\.f DESIG'.'.. Gl 1DE

6. l Reccg nised Codes of Practice

a. Singapore Standard CP !O: 1993. Code of Practice for The lns.a.lation ~;c
Servicing of Electrical Fire Alarm Systems:

b. BS 5839, Fire Detection and Alarm Systems fer Buildings:

c. NFPA 72A. B. C, D and E Fire Alarm and Supervisory Serv.c e .

6.2 A single line schematic diagram containing the following information shall ce
provided:

a. The main panel and/or sub-panels, their locarions , the facilities thev
provide such as .indicators, test switches. etc. power supply and fa~
brigade direct connection;

The number of alarm groups. the zoning ccver ec by the grcur s and the
number of heat and/or smoke detectors per gr:·q:

C. The number and location of alarm bells and rnazual call-points

Ncce: Where it is not possible to indicate all L1e facil.t.es on the a.la._-::-. ~~'1e!. ~
separate diagram of the panel shall be given.

6. 3 i:: ,g eneral. all parts of the building not otherwise p·ate:::=:.::: t-y a;;: r cvec ~:.::cir:-2:::
;:_. extin•!;I.I.
"••.,. ...
A
zuis ;,;,...,. svs·e.,.,• shall be orotecred
J~ • L- ~ .......... ;;:w bv
'""'
...;.,, .... ,..,""" unless
J 'I..-•..,••\..~-
:' \,..., - ---..;,
~ ~~:;-;,: ..
- .. - ~.i..-w11. '", "

exempted.

6.4 Eaca room or enclosed space shall be indepeodenrly ;rot~ie:: b:· O::e-:!"::or er
detectors: where a room or space is divided inro sections by walls. partitions er
r.,.:i:: re;ching 300rnm of the ceiling, each section shall be irdepencently ;: rotectec.

6 .5 1.: general. all concealed spaces such 2.S false ceiling. c..:::c and the like are W be
;::~::xec·..ed. except the following:

2.. Concealed spaces to which there is no access a::O:: which are isc. a:~ wi::.
a minimum of 1 hour raring:

b. false ceiling space or attic space less than 80J::-~-:. deep.

C. Space under raised platform on ground floor which does :on~a.:::

electrical equipment or scores and co which there :S no access.

6. 6 \\ "":le:-e a conce.u -.:.an gf'V\.-..

ealed space I ess ..... .
\Nu.1..'11 c~
--O,.-!.
_ ......... l ,__;_.,, ... -.,;,...,...,,.••- ....
.•• - e': •• ,_..... - '"'_.,...., •.•

waich is not enclosed in a non-combustible enclosure. :...~e .ecuiprnent s:-..=..ll t:a~:

z :e:~tor mourned in the concealed space within 6:::. ~: :.::c equiprner.: . ::-::a~ict.
 DESIGN MA~TA.L FOR FIRE PROTECTIO!\ SYSTE~f ISO 9001 CO~"CEPT

6. 7 Service runnels shall be protected.

6. 8 All cleaner's store or cupboard shall be protected.

6.9 All enclosed vertical opening exceeding O.lm2 in area. e.g. hoist. lift shafts.
vertical risers. etc. shall be protected by detector at the top. If the openings are
not enclosed by walls, detectors shall be provided at each level within l .Srn
horizontally from _the opening.

6. l () Fire isolated staircases need not be separately protected. All other staircases shall
be protected at each main floor level.

6.11 Where a fire door separates a protected area from an unprotected area, a detector
sh.all be placed inside the protected area not more than l .5m from the fire door.
If a fire door separates rwo protected areas, this requirement does not apply.

6.12 Generally, an individual alarm group shall protect noc more th.an 1oeom: of area
aod the maximum number of detectors per group shall be not more than 40 for
hea; detectors and not more than 20 for smoke detectors.

6.13 There sh.all be a separate ala..rm group for each floor and subsection of that floor.
such as equipment room or substation, separated by fire walls through which there
is no access from inside the building.

6. l•~ The normal spacing requirement for hear detectors applies co ceiling height U? re
6m only while that for smoke detectors applies up co !Om only. Where the ceiling
height is in excess of the respective limit. more sensitive type of detectors
specifically type-reseed and approved for the purpose should be used.

6 .15 In the case of segmented or ribbed ceiling, concealed space and sloping roof. t.'1e
appropriate spacing requirement shall be met.

_.,,,, -'.
··;··~...- F?. l 0
 II DESIGN :MA.~"1JAL FOR ACMV

~
1 CODES OF PRACTICE AA1) DE.SIG-~ GLIDE BOOK AC. I
2 D'ES'IGN P~ AC.1
.3 F1U?SH AIR llEQt.JIR.EME1'\"T FOR MECH..\r'itl CAL "Th'TILA TION . A C..5
4 FRESH AIR llEQUIREMENT FOR NAThltAL LIGHTING
..At...Jltir.cD VEN'l"II...ATION •••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••.• AC..S
s OITV AND INSULATION IlEQUIREME~"T •.•••••.••.•••... AC.6
6 INDOOR DESIGN CONDmON •••••••••••.••••••...•.••. AC.6
7 ENERGY SAVING MEASURES AS :iEQUillED BY BCD ....•... AC. i
8 RECOMME?-41>ED A.\!BIENT SOUND LEVEL IN d.BA ... ~ ..•... AC.!
9 RECOMMENDED AMBIENT S0u1'1) LEVEL IN dBA
AT BOUNDARY •••.••••••••...••..•• ' .•.•........... AC..8
10 MECHA.1'1!CALVENTILATION DESIGN Gu1DE FOR
KITClIEN AND SI'A.IR CASE • • • . • . • • • • • • . . • . • . . . . . . . • . • .. ..\ C .9
11 ~y TO !E ADOPTED FOR. SPACE PLAAn~G ..i.,.ND
~ASSOCIATED M/E PLA!"C"T SIZING .•...•.......... AC.11
u Ailt HANDLING UNIT DIMENSION .•.......•........... AC.12
13 CIIlI..LED WATER PLAlVI' CAPACITY A.l\D ROOM
RF~~! •..•••••••••.......... · AC.13
14 CAU ilK VENTILA TlON DF.SIGN A.'ID
FAN CliARACIUISI'IC • . • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC .14
15 ~ WA'ID. PI.. ..A.N'T •••••••••••.••.•..•.••••• AC.22
1' OC.lCI" Sl7':ING- CHAR? . - • .. • • • • • • • . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC~

~1>rx V ! MICHANICAL VENTILATIONJ AIR

.~ CONDl"I'lONING Sl' S l'l?IM • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . . AC .33 .
AJl!~DrX VE: · - -:- : :aASl'.MENl' VENTil.A TION, ENGINEER.ED
~ CONTR~ ~KE VENT It SMOKE
~G SYST"! ..•....•.............. AC..34
TII : SOME EXAMPLE OF ~TED It
MA.S()NK.Y DUCT OUTSIDE ROOM SU.\'ED .... AC..3..~
~VIII :~ All.A WHEH MV IS :R.EQt.JIRED
UNDD Fil.E MODE WHEN NV REQ~"T
CAN NOT BE COMPLIED WITH .•.........•. AC~
DESIG:--.· ~g--°"'TA.L FOR AC>f\. ISO 9001 CO~·;CEPT

Fir ernan lift lobcy 10 air changes/hour (fire

rncce l G..'1C 4 air changes/hour
(normal mode).

Equipmern · rooms adequate ventilation to

ensure room temperature does not exceed
40"C or as specified by equipment
rnanufacrurer. alarm shall be set at 42 e C.

Lobbies, corncors. staircases, 4 air

cha .nges/hour (unless required by Fire Code to
be different).

0. 15 air changes.hour maximum perimeter

zcr.es only ( 4. 0 m depth).

l .O air change/hoer maximum for entry lobby

areas fer hotel a..-:c commercial buildings.

Shace ccefficiects will be calculated in

accc-cance with .:-.SnR.AE guidelines.

Transmission coefficients will be calculated in

accordance with ASHRA.E guidelines at 3 .33
mis external air veiociry and zero mis internal
air velocity.

People I ..at:m Heat

Office. Guest 7 5 v.:/~::son 601 w /person

Ballroom 110 w/-;e::son 150 w/person

Restaurant 90 w/pe::son 80 w/person
Lobby 7 5 w/pe::son 75 w/perscn
85 wfpe:son 70 w/person

Occ upa..ncy Ta.bl! AC-I

 ISO $f001 CO:"."CEPT

TA..BLE AC-1 OCTDOOR AIR REQllRE~fE:"'<"TS

Application Estimated Outdoor Air Outdoor Air Outside

Occupancy~ Requirements perm·' Air per
per 100m· CMH.'person C:\ill room
CMH
70 li 10
Cafeteria !•)) li 10
Bars. Cockta;' 100 ,-
•I 10
Lounge
Car Park
.3 33
Hotel Lobby :o 3 0.9
5.:1 8 .5 6.0
• • .~.sse:::O!y ?.:-: ::--. - i .5 6.0
; 0 ; ' 1.2

Re:.a:! Shoes
..._:• ~..)
. '
-
..,_,.:;
..,
:=)J 10
"
. . '

~- .5 6.0
- x

so·

T.v. . ...ii•'C:
--
10 .AJC
1.8

• D~:;.::s .:·!! HOV: Des;.g~.

L~o:::""~:icn tc be ob~!..~~ ~om ciieru.

... : .:.
DESIG~\ ~1.A.'il' ..U FOR AC:\f\' rso 9001 CO:"-"CEPT

3. FRESH A.IR REQL1RE:\IT:"-1 FOR ~ITCHA ......lCAL VE?'.!ILATIO~

Type of Building/Occupancy Minirnum fresh Air Supply

i air change per hour I
I
' per person
m'"1b
Office ' 5 18
Restaurant. Canteen 6 18
Shop, Supermarket, Departmental 6 18
Store
Workshop. Factory 6 18
Classroom. Theatre Cinema 8 ..
Lobby, Concourse, Corridor. .! ..
I
Staircase I
I
I
Toilet. Ba::...'-..:::•:m l 'J I
t
..
;
K'ire h. en ( cc:::...-::e:-::2.L
. instirutional & :o i -
I
'
Industrial
Car Park 6 I -

4. FRESH AIR REQl1R.E:\.lE~1 FOR :--.· ..i.TI'"R...ULIGrrIT"G

. A...'xTI v'E?'>lllLA.TIO~

Type of Occupancy or x% of Floor Area of y% of x openable

Usage o( Room Room
Residential 50%
Store, Utiliry, Garage (in 50%
residential premises)
Water-close. toilet. 19% er 0.2m- 100%
Bathroom. Laundry (whichever is greater:
Business· 507c
School Classroom 507c
H ospital. \ ursuig home 100%

Lobby. Corndor. 50%

Staircase
Godown

.:...~.~
 ISO 90-01 CO.\CEPT

5.1 QIIY

OTTV of Roof
01T\l of Building Envelope less than .:!5 w/rn'
OTTV for Roof and for Building Envelope mus: 0¢ calculated separately.

5.2 Max l'-Value for Roof and E:r;t wall

Weight Group Wt Range (kgim1 Max. U (wim!)

. Air-Con I Non Air-Con
Light (Roof) I Under 50 I 0.5 i
I
0.8
Medium (Roof) I
!
I
5-230 I 0.8 I
'
1J. .•
1

Heavy (Root) ! Over 230 I 1.2 II

I
1.5
Wall I - I - !
i 3.5

6. L'-1~~ DESIG~ CO!'iTimO?'IS

a. maximum dry bulb

b. Minimum dry bulb zs-c

c. Maximum R.1!

d. Maximum air movement 25m/mfrl

All the above to 0¢ measured at 1500 mm above floor level.

 DESIG:'.'i M ...\..;'11.'AL FOR AC:'.-1\: ISO 9001 co:-."CEPT

7. E:-."ERGY SA "\1...''iG :'.>fEASCR.ES AS REQUIRED BY BCD

2. In a:: air-ccnditioned building. where door are opened directly cc the :~:.side.
the air-condition serving the said shop shall be independent.

b One :.::.e:-mcs:..at to be provided f~r each AHt.:.

\... In hotel room, an automatic control device to be installed for t:-.e ~t.::-;cse of
switching off the room when it is not occupied.

:-------------~ O;;e ration Mo<ie

When card kev is inserted.
1.
~ __, sr'.! !I T 1 shall prevail and room
!. ,,.. . ~ : ~CJ c=:------ condition subject .o the
JEl..S:X ~ ' ' ""' :..._____;
'"1'£1'CS7•~ ~
) ;
- - - - - - - _; control of room guest
," r
-
,, ,--
;

_:/.
(~.~-
~
a:i;;
2.
,,-- i~7A~
room temperature ·.:.;:d be
subject to preset va.ue of
26=c fan speed re icwes..

Central Air-Con Systera

~fajor MY (such as car park) System
Lif-JEs:::alator
Domestic Water Pumping System
Securiry Lighting System . . . .
general .. ;:-. ewer and ligruing suppry
T~:'.2.:1te-d area
Owner · s area general ·;-:\;.·er and lighung supply

-- - _._
·. __ . .

...... ~·
 ISO 9001 covcrr-r

S. RECO:'.[\IT:"-"DED ...\...\iBIE:"-1 SOl~1) LE\"IL rx d.BA (Reference: CP 13)

Area Re-commend ambient sound levels in dB.-\ Jeni

Low Average High
d:SA d.BA dBA
C inerna The a.res 1· 36 41
Provide Executive rype offices ~o .!1 .:!.6
General offices, other priva:e or I .! l 46 51
semiprivate offices I
Conference :-·:-orris . :o .q 46
i
,.
/·. ir-conci.icned classrooms I ~! 46 51
Hotel bedrooms I .:~ 41 46
Hospitz: ·.:.·;:.~;:s ! :c .! 1 .!6
Ptacec c; :;:..:~~ic resort
!
eg. s~.:;:-! i ~ 51 56
Circula.ior; areas. sta.r z ase. ,. <' 56 61
lobbies. :a.=-::<:.:-Y..s

R.ECO'.\L\E>"DED SOl'"?'."D L.E\"EL rx dBA AT BOl'"?'."DA.RY

.C onf orming to Environmental Health 's Requir emeat)

Classificati 0D 7:00 am - ll:OOnm !' !!:00 pm - 7:00 am

.
Restcential 60 d.E.~ 50 dBA
65 d.BA 55 d.BA
Non-Residenrial 75 CEA 65 dBA
Resicenrial 50 dB:\ .!O dB.~.
60 c..o .•
-i"',!.. 50 dBA
70 d.EA 60 d3A
75 ci3A 65 dBA

-&..·---~·~--
DESIGN MANL.Jt..l ;:QR ACl-/V ISO 9001 CONCEPT

IO. MECHAf~ICAL.. \/ENTILA TiON DESIG.'1 GUIDE FOR KITCHEN AND

ST AIR CASE (Referen~e: C? 13)

·Kftch•r. Exti« LJst for Island Typ« Hood

y = 0.3 rr'v's (min)

L = LenQt.h of c.ookir.-; surf ace

w = 'v\~dt!'i of c.ookin~ surface

H = Dista:"'tc.e of hocc tc he at ~mi~Jli9 surf ace

No~~ F--es!': air shai! be 0·7Q t: 0. 80 to creete r.~a~f~

;.:ssi..:-'"e of kitcrier:

:=_;_;:-; e :-f "-'=:t mounted hood.

Q, = 1.4Y x 2 (L, + 2W.)H r2.

= 1.4V x 2 (~ - W1)H
or 1.4Y x (L1•2W1 )H

-!zzni-.,.. .!.~~
0: =
T
1AVx2(~""--:;1-)H
.
~·

.
__,_J . ~-
. -·"'

'.,;.
DES[GN.:-..1A ..'\1.JAL FOR xcxrv ISO 9001 CO'.'CEPT

a. Flow: Minimum of 1 rn/s wiL;'l main discharge door and ~v.·J other
doors from successive storey are open simultaneously. ""

•• Leakages loss as per BS 5588: Part ~: 1978 shall be taken into

consideration.

b. Pressure Differential > 50Pa when ail doors are closed.

c. Force to open door < l lON.

The most effective means of achieving the above i.s by incorporating

variable speed fan with close loop control by means of pressure sensor
such that when all 3 relevant doors are opened, the fan can deliver the
flow and when all doors are dosed, the fan speed wi!i be reduced
accordingly to maintain the max. force to Jess cha;: l lOS while
maintaining minimum pressure differential of 50 Pa.

d Maximum Alllcwable Door Size to Comply with Maximum Force of

110 N.

DOOR ~t.NDL: -;
F(w-x) = ? (A) ~

II ASSllME x =
.,...

0.2m
.....
H I l lO(w--0.2) = 50 (A)::::

v.·--0.2 = ~(A)~

~w----'-
1 I YI
" .!.... = 2.:;!!4'~J.•
(\\'-0.2)

::.::..... :::::::·c ·-·.:~

 ISO 900 l CO:'<CEPT

V.' (mJ l .O
.
! -
., 1.6 1.6 18 : 0
.j. (m) -:. <::
.3.6 ! .6 3,8 3.9 - '"\
; . '7 .
Ht (m) '
' 3.0 2.~ 2.3i 2.1 i

Y..a.-r::i..11LLT: door •.:.·id:.": shall noc exceed i .8::;. as minimum door heigh: is a5s:.:...-:-:ed tc
be 2. l::r..

11. PRELI\ID"A.RY ESTDl.\.TE TO BE ADOPTED FOR SPACE PLA.."-:-,L"·G .A.."'TI

OTHER ASSOCL.\. TED ~FE PL.A..'\1 SIZI:"iG

DE 1.~1L COOLI.SG AIR CHI!..LER

?L.".SC710~· C.-\.?ACITY
(:n.;'RT)
QUANTITY
(CMH/m")'
-·,,
r.= 4 /-;;. ....!

! Si::-: . :-~. I 9 i 72
I Wb~:· I _;<::_, I 25
I Gu:s: ?. :..:::-~ I .!O I 16 :35
I C~·=--~e:-~:-l:e I 20 I 32
II DL-..:..--:.g I 15 I 40
Snoppu.1.g I Gee. !"",::.:.:; I . .:;
l- I 42
1
' I...~Jt,:-~- :s ! 25
; Spec ialry ?. e:.:.i: i I
~I
I
i
M~E
G::-~. OF.i~e
I
I
r e
!..1

27.5 I
--23
A")

I Locey I 30 I 21
Conference I 20 I 32
Usag e .
Soecialrv
.
II (Cornpute: :--. . ~-..')IT'~ ~ I I
• ~ ~· ·::~ ~· !:'.: by :.::~ e :i.: use ~
• a ~~: :..-:::!.lige:!~ ::u:..::~~S- :: ~ ~~-.:::!C:-'...E..1 RT tc be allowed .

·"' ..
. ·.
DESIG:"i ~iA...'-TA.L FOR AC\fV ISO ~1· CO'.'CEPT

t :
Up lO Trane i. . .? to Carrter
Som
Flow H 0 riz O!: :a: Vertical Fan Fiol.l,· \.' e:-:::ai Drzv... Fa:
I.
(C~H) Draw Tuo..:gh Draw Through Motor (CV.H) Tarough i ~to:or
I
(uWx.H) (LxWxH) (k\V) x...t·n
'~~ r
I !)::V.)
0.3i to i .5
l c:;- ..... - (

:39'7t! 1 l8x:Y.Jj 139"ixil lxl245 0.37 to 7 .5

I 0.3- :0 7 ~
5170 139"it838xl7~3 0.3i lO i.~
I 0.3i !:I -I .• (

5350 0.37 to 7.5

I 0.37 :.:: - '
9950 :!50x147}x:C:6 0.37 :0 7 .5 0.37 :0 '
!1150 O.J';' to 21 c -- •-. - --
1.:350 ::!768x!Ooilx19!5 0.37 to 21 ::~ 0 , ... -~ :;::

O.Ji to 21 " - - --
~ -- --
cosco 2997x.218.hl57"
- --..
'..J • .:

G - - --
:!9"i50 0 :- ·- ----
: : : cc --
:i.=:- re --
•. : to 45

........... .;.-'

...
-·- ·-- . (

"6650
:.: ::. .!!
:.: == .:.~

Both brazds are double skin unit.

Return plenum ~ filter section are excluded 170::: above
Space for witadrawal of coil. removal of fan meter LI~
chilled 9.-·2:..e:- pipe must be allowed

-v - _
,.,,,,
,_ .... -·
DESIGN MA~-..1.JAL FOR AC~1V ISO 9001.CO~'CEPT

13. CHILLED WATER PLA."I CAPACITY (RD A..1\-0 ROOM REQL1RE~IT~I

'£l=FIC\t=.l\.JO...j
FOR 1) RECIPROCA TL"°G CHILER --l"P TO 100 RT. - 0 ·I- 0 rz, L~ft-i..t
2) SCREW CHILLER FROM lO-ORT - 500 RT.> ~~~ o.i;~ - o G 1coe;,f1~t
3) CENTRIFUGAL CHILLER FROM 250 RT· 1250 RT. ~c O·'- - C·G~ \::t.:i/~1
~ <; O ·i ~- o·I !:. \=.:l/rt.1

• Room with condenser water pumps, chilled water pumps. MCC.

assume door (roller shutter) in front of chiller is available for
rube retrieving.

• Room height shall be minimum of 4.5m.

A ,..,
' A A
I
><

'
tJ>
%
I
I

I I I I I I I I

HCiE:
I • 01.l~ LDIJ Ti{
'!' • O«.ID '1:lTl4
1. • um Ol..1.9
!. c . OlJ.ED w ~ m ' c~ '".M'S
J..~ ~ ti 1«.UEB

F1Glk'~ 1~.1 DJ'ICAI om.I ER Pl.A.."IT

,,
..
~- .....
 DESIGN l\fA:'-TA.L FOR AC:\f\. ISO 9001 CO~CEPT

I.\BI E 13.1 REC0\-0{£\DED CHILLER PL\ 'U

(Witb 1 Chilller Standb·.- at .\II Time..l

Room ITT Cooling Tonnage I Recommendation '

Room Size I
II Power Reqd.
(m) I (per chiller) I I
I (m x m) I 1.1 x operating Tonnage
I I i
i
-
4.5
I
UD CO
150
100
I
2
2
X

X
100 %
100%
I

I
8.5 x 11
9.5 X 12 I .
l IO
,_
.:.0)
I 200 I ::; X 100%" I 9.5 X 12 I :::!O
I 250 I 2 X 100% II 9.5;:; 12 I .,..,-
_;)

I 300 I 3 X 50% I 12.5 X 12 I 330

I 350 i 3 X 50% I 12.5 X 12 I 385
I 400 I 3 X 50%. I 12.5 X 12 I 4-!0
I .!50 i
! 3 X 50% I 12.5 X 12 ! 500
I 500 i
i
3 x 50% II 12.5 X 12 I 550
5 I 550 ' :3 X 50% II
I
I
13.5 x 12.5 I
I 6'J5
I 6',.."X) i
:: x 50% i 13.5 X 12.5 I 660
I 650 3 X 50% I 13.5 x 12.5 I 715
I '700 :3 X 50% I 13.5 X 12.5 i T~O
I '750 :3 x 50 % i 14.5 x 14.0 i
I 8:5
I
I 800 :3 X 50% I 14.5 x 14 0 I 880
I 90J : x 50% i4.5 x 14.0 ! 901.
I '. O'.)Q i
I 3 X 50% 14.5 X 14.0 I
i 1 !·)J
I I
5.5 I t 100 l :3 X 50% 14.5 x 14.0 i 1., :()
- • J

I 1200 i 3 X 50% 14.5 X 14.0 I 1320

I 1500 I 3 X 50% 14.5 X 14.Q I 1650
I 20'.X) I
!
3 X 50% 16.5 X 15.5 I 22C•:)
6.5 I up to 30CXl I
I
4 x 33% 21X15.5 I 3300
I 4.._'XX) I
i 5 X 25% .,
--" ;,: .-.J
1" - i 4-!00
i
I 5C(() ! 5 A: 25% 27 A l!.O ! 66•)'.:I
I 8-X() i Industrial Range !

~<OTE: For office :ddim. or anv installation L...iat recuire a:°::: office hour cooling of much
lower ,....,~:-·
TT r+r-r: ...: 'S-2\"
"' __ \ • less
- ... rl-1:..,
-- _,'\QC:-:'C or· one
.. chiller). a smaller chiller ::':2Y• be

.- .
DESIG~ \LA....'-TAL FOR AC\fV ISO 9001 CO~CEPT

l~. CA.R PA.R.K \""f:~"TILATIO'.' DESIG~ A.""D FA.;."i CHA.R.\CTERJSTIC

For total floor area « 19CX) m=. No smoke purging is required. desig n aormal
ventilation co 6 air change per hour.

:.1..2 Use 2 Fresh Air Fans and 2 Exhaust Air Fans if fan room is available
otherwise use smaller ceiling mounted fa. '15
. with silencer a: the upstream and
downstream of fan.

A void fan of 2850 RP.Y. unless absolutely necessary.

A void using axial fan > '65 mm far nsise control reason.

~ Runs at relatively low speed

,._ Ideal for given duty. excellent for Fe~·

:;.. Self cleaning

:t- Can be designed tor nigh structure str e r.gth re
achieve high speed and pressure

~ More efficient ..
~ Horse power curve has a fiat peak so ::.a: motor
may be sized to cover the complete r ange of
operation from 0 to 100% for a single speed.
Non -overloading at given free speed.
• Pressure curve is steeper than. that of forward
curved fan. This result in smaller .char.g e of air
volume for any variation in system press;.:re for
selection at comparable perce:;.~ge cf f:-ee air:
• Quieter.

- .. - - -
. .. s: ·.-:-:.."'-~-: _-
.-,~~ . _"".:• ·-
DESIGl'i !'-rt~~TAL FOR ACvfV ISO 9001 coxcsr-r

1.:. 5 For car park> 19C() m= where smoke purging is required. propose fan room for berter
noise anenuation. Due to physical con.strai:;r (of duct works as well as of fan
diameter). Try to limit to fan of 1200 nun diameter and each set of fan cover up to
2.000 rn".

Fan Room Size

, I Lx W X H (m) I No. of Room
Up to lOCX) rn' I 6.0 x 5 x 3 I l pair
Up to 20CQ rn2 I i.5 x5.5 x 3 I 1 pair
Up to 30CX) m:
, I 6.5x5x3 I 2 pairs
Up to 40C(} rn" I t.s x 5.5 x 3 I 2 pairs
> 4{X)() rn" 7.5 x 5.5 x 3 Integral of 20(X)m2
I I (in pairs)

14.6 Comparison between Centrifugal Fan and Axial Fan

~o. I Centrifugal Fan iI

;
Axial Fan I Remarks
l. Quie: Excellent for handling
I of high air flow but
I noisier.
~ Efficie:;.~ at Required guide vane '
'
I
i comparatively high ~
' for bener efficiency
I i
II pressure
i where centrifugal fan
I
l do not reouire.
'i
3. Air flew can be field. I Air flow is fixed

adjusted by replacing II
I

pulley and motor !

4. I Good for sound from
300 Hz onwards
Good for sound below , • Note: Human ear only
300 Hz detect sound > 300 Hz.

~.::. io
DESIGN !'vtA..'-1.:AL FOR ACMV ISO 9001 CO:-."CEPT

l~. 7 RA.c'1,'.GE OE SPECIFIC SPEEDS :\I \1.}IICH SIX TYPES OF

F:\'\'.S OPERA TI"G AT HIGH SI.\IIC EITICIE:o-;cy

I ~.,, """ i I I I I
~""
s =5
I..,,, •·.
™"!
I

I
i I I I II I' I'
~=
§~ I I ~
I
I
I
I I I I' II
I I I I ~ I I 111
&J,C::'r AJl!J CJ!TE: I
1

1y~ I
I I I I I' I
~
I I 1

;~1:1 I .,
I I!I I I
I I

I ~
-<

l;_l
i..lilE.A..r.AL

---~~--:-----;1-;-i
I
™
1'1---., I '
I
i'"1 I

l
l :~FU
i
I~
I I ! i

SF!CrFIC SPEED (1000s)

( C.\.frt('
Specific Sped: 8.6;:; :;m A -(m-m-.-ff-~g-::)3-"

rpm = 960
C~1~ = i3.500
rr...rnrig = 40

Soecific Speed = 8 .6 x 960 r P 'iQQ).!i

. 40•
= 60.3

· --"" .. '. . · · . · CO~"\'ERMO~FACTORS· ·.

":. - . - .
3.6 CMH = 2 .11: cfrn • 1 ll s

l CM!-: = 0.588 cfrn :i! 0.278 { ,· s

1.1 c~rn

_,... ..
.- ...., . ·-- ·""~ ."'\._.
DESIG~ :"tl.\. ~t:A.L FOR AC:YfV ISO 9001 CO'.\CEP'T

1-L8 LA ws OF FA...x PER.FOR..\l~.SCE

Fan Laws ar e used to predict fan performance under changing operating conditions z: ran size
They are applicable tc all types of fans.

The fan laws are stated in Table l.!. l. The symbols used m the formulas
following quantities>

Q Volume rate of flow through the fan.

-: Rotational speed of the impeller.

Pressure developed by the fan. either Stacie or total

::.::; Horsepower inpur to the fan.

... Ai: density. varying directly a..s the barometric pressure and inverse.y as :...'":.e :.:soi:..:::
temperature.

. - . .. . .. ~ -- -
DESIGN f\.l.\.."\L'AL FOR AC~fV ISO 90-01 CO\"CEPT

I:\BI E 14.1 f.\..'\; LAWS

VAR.IA.EL LAW FOR.\fl.1...A

E
1 Capacity varies as the
Speed.

Speed Air Densirry, 2 Pressure varies as the

Fan S:Ze, square of the Speed.
Distribution
System
3 Horsepower varies as the Hp, (s,";'
cube of the speed. -r:p:
.. -=:-\';;! : ;
4 Capacity and
Horsepower vary as the
square of the Fan Size'.
Air Densiry 5 Speed varies inversely as 1,; ti
i -:
-=-
Tip Speed the Fan Size. v, D.

Fan Size 6 Pressure remains = P.

constant.
7 Capac.ry varies as :.'le
cube af the Size.

Air Density . 8 Pressure varies as the

square of the Size. --
p
~
r:
-(°'):
- r:
:..J:

9 Horsepower varies as the

fifth power of the Size.

Pressure . Fan 10 Speed. Capacity and .

r:», k,', rz :
,.., ;f: . ;
Size. Horsepower vary -=-=-·-= -
Distribution inversely as the square Q,
System root of Density.
Air Density Capacity. Fan 11 Pressure and P. ......
-=-·-· =-·
w.
Size. Horsepower vary as the r, =>. tt':
D istribution Density.

11 Speec remains constant. . . . = \'

:

. ,... ,..,
-. - .7
DESIG~ l\1.A.:'\TA.L FOR AC\1V ISO 9001 CO~CEPT

I
I I I
I
e I ,..,-
0
_,
"" 1
I
I
<.::>
...... I 0
0 c i c
i
I
0
C"'
.,.,
0 0
s ! 0r-«
I
~ V"'
...... ..,., I s
I
I
I
I . : I

lI I
,.._ !'I
~ ; ,....,
,.....
,_
0 II i
!
....,
i
I
0
,_
0
0
0
c
0
; 0
0
0
c::: 0 j
I
0
w I ~ ,...,
..J
"°
\D
:::?
w
c,
VI
I \D
I
I
~
__,
-<
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f.:SO')C."f\'.DOC Jwu 1996

III DESIGN ~.\NUAL FOR DOMESITC WATER SYSTEM

l AC'l'S •••••••
....
... CW.I
i REGULATIONS ••••••• CW.l
3 CODE OF PRACTICE AND HANDBOOKS .... CW.I
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH OF DOMFSTIC COLD
"' WATER DESIGN ••••••••••••• ... CW.2
5 WATER SI'ORAGE FSI'IMATION CW.3
WATER T~~ SIZING • . . ....
's
i PLAA1 ROOM SIZING
BASIC DFSIG.~ CRITERIA ......
CW.3
CW.3
CW.-4
9 TANK DESIGi._,. ... ..... cw-~
10 PIPE SIZING •••••• ·CW..5
11 WA'IElt DATA ... CW.6
u WATn SUPPLY SYSTEM CW.7
13 P1lOCEDURE FOR APPLICATION TO CARRY our
PLUM:BING SYSTEM IN SINGAPORE •••••••••• CW.11

·-- ·-
- '.""

~~~4f::f~.
i~~ . '

--··-

l:
DESIGN M...\l,...,1..: ..\L FOR DO!"YfESTIC WATER SYSTEM -ISO 9001 CONCEPT

1 ACTS

1.1 PUB Act

2 REGULA TIO NS

2.1 PUB Regulation (Water Supply)

2.2 PUB (Tariffs for Water) Regulations
2.3 PUB (Meter Reading) Regulations

3 CODE OF PR..\CTICE k ....'D HA.NDBOOKS

3.1 CP 48
3.2 PUB Handbook. on Water. Application (1993) •..
;):'

~-

CW.1
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ill DESIGN M..~~LTAL FOR DOI\1ESTIC WATER SYSTEM

l ACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CW .1
2 REGlJLATIONS . . • . . • • • • • • . . . • • • • • . . • . . . • . . . . . . . • . • CW .1
3 CODE OF PRACTICE A.l'IID HANDBOOKS . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • CW.1
4 CONCEPTUAL APPROACH OF DOMESTIC COLD
WATER DESIGN . • . • • • • • • • • . . • • • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . • .
CW .2 . . •
5 WATER STORAGE ESTMA TION . • • • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .
CW .3 . . •
6 WATER TANK SIZING • • • . • • . • • • • . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . .
CW .3 . • •
7 PLA.''T ROOM SIZING •••..•. ~ • • • . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . .
CW .3 . . •
8 BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA ; .....•••••.•.............•• CW.4
9 T A.."X DESIGN • . . . • . . . . . • • . . • • • • • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • CW.4
10 PIPE SIZING • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C"f .5
11 WATER DATA ..•.•..•.•....•••••................. C'Vr'.6
12 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM • • • . . • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CW. 7
13 PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION TO CARRY OUT
PLl"MBl"tG SYSTIJ\1 IN SINGAPORE • . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . • . CW.11
DESIGN MAi"'1JAL FOR DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

5 WATER STOR.\.GE ESTIMATION

5.1 Shoppers 10 litres per person per day.

5.2 Shop Worker 35 litres per person per day.
5.3 Office Worker 35 litres per person per day.
5.4 Cooling Tower 8 - 12 litres per ton per hour.
5.5- Chinese Restaurant 120 litres per seat per day.
5.6 Western Restaurant 100 litres per seat per day.
5.7 Food Court (Cooking) 60m3 I stall per month.
5.8 Dry Food (No Cooking) 30rn3 I stall per month.
5.9 General Cleaning 120 litres per toilet per day.
5.10 Condominium 0.67m3 per day per apartment or 20m.3/montb. per
apartment.

6 WATER TA.""'K SIZ~G

6 .1 Storage tanks should be sized for storage of water for minimum of 1 day.
6.2 For flush valve finingabove 112 MSL direct feed from PUB mains is not allowed
minimum l day storage is required.
6.3 For cold water finingbetween 125 and 135 - high level tank sized to 1 day
storage is required.
6.4 For fitting above 135_ MSL' direct feed is not allowed - low and high level tank
is required. The. rugri level tank should be sized for 1 day storage and the low-
leYel tank should be minimum 1/3 day storage. However where low-level tank
is below 125 MSL approval may be obtained from PUB for a slightly smaller tank
but this is subject to their approval on a case to case basis.
6.5 Storage is not required when direct feed from PUB Main can be achieved.
6.6 The height of GRP tank shall not exceed three meter (excluding top and bottom
sump). ..
6. 7 The heighi of Stainless Steel tank can be upto 5m (case by case basis).

7 PLA.~ ROOM SIZING

T, I Transfer Pump Room Sizing = 4m x 3m

7.2 Booster Pump Space = 4m x 3m
7 .3 Sub-metre Minimum Space 1200rnm x 700mm for 5 sub-meter for highrise
building with 1 transfer pipe 100 mm diameter and 3 dropper pipes and pressure
reducing valves.
7.4 Metre Chamber l.8m x 4.Sm for domestic and fire line.
7 .5 Storage hot ware: heater 56 litres size is 550rn deep. Minimum space required is
800mm.

CW.3
OF.SIGN MANUAL FOR DOl\fESTIC WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

8 BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA

8 .1 Maximum head loss in pipes should be limited to 0.03m per meter run of pipe.

8.2 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FLUSH VAL VE shall be:

• Minimum pipe size for WCS = 32rrun

• Minimum Pipe size for Urinals = 20mm

8.3 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR WATER FITTINGS

• Minimum pipe size for basin = 15mm

• Minimum pipe size for sink = 20mm
• Minimum pipe size for longbath = 20 mm
• Minimum pipe size for WC (flush Valve) = 32 mm
• Minimum pipe size for Urinal (Flush Valve) = 20 mm
• Minimum pipe size for WC (With Cistern) = 15 mm
• All Sanitary appliances or appurtenance should be provided with isolating
or stop valves. These include WC, Shower, Longbath, horwater heaters,
sinks, basins etc. An isolating valve should also be provided to every
toilet.

TA ..i'\"K DESIG:-i

9 .1 Effective capacity to be 75 % of physical capacity.

9.2 Top sump to be l.5m x lm x 0.6m. Minimum and should be provided where
practical to maximise effective capacity of tank.

9.3 Bottom sump to be lm x lm x 0.6 m should also be provided to maximise

effective capacity of tank.

9 .4 Low level tanks should be 1/3 capacity of high level tanks.

9 .5 Tanks should sit on upstand beams at a minimum height above floor of 800 mm.
Base plates sh?~lci be provided by Supplier of GRP tanks.

9.6 Where concrete tanks are constructed it should comply with the relevant British
Standard and should not incorporate any structural element. All tanks should
have an access of 600 mm all round for maintenance.

IJ.X'W ... ·CW.4

8ESlGN MA.N1JAL FOR DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM IS• '"1 ce~CEPT

10 PIPE SIZING

11. l General Guide of Pipe Sizing Rule

2.. Water flow is determined by the pressure available in the system. In the
calculation of head ~oss in the system. the following are considered:
. ~ .. -,

o Loss in pipe including less in fitting such as bend and elbow.

e 'Loss in valve.
• "Loss due to elevation.

b. Loss in pipe is a function of velocity. As a rule of thumb, 2 % to 5 % of

head loss per meter run is considered acceptable subject to velocity nm
exceeding 3m/s. The above are generally applicable for pipe sizing for
domestic application. The exception being the transfer pipe or main
distribution pipe where velocity of higher than 3m/s can be accepted if
noise is not a problem.

Table 10.1 Si1in.g of Main Distribution Copper Pipe

28
Ext. Pipe Di2..
(mm)
I
15
I
I
22
I
I I
35 42
I
5" 67 i6 1(}8 133
I
159

I
I
3 . .s 5 . .s
Mu. Flow Rate
(Us)
I
S'A I
I
S'.A.
I
0.5 0.95 1.6
I I I
8.2
I
22
I
40
I 55
I
Table 10. l indicate the maximum allowable flow in distribution pipe restricted by 5 % less
and 3m/s maximum velocity.

It is important to note that main distribution pipe shall be amply sized as per tab!e 10 .1.
However. the minimum pipe size to each furore sh.all be as per Table 10.3 and the
number of branches from the distribution pipe as per Table 10.2.

The above holds well for most application with the following exception:

i. In a 'dormitory or hostel application where diversity is not applicable.

ii. In an irrigation network with very long distribution pipe and excessive number of
nozzle operating simultaneously.

FULL h'YDRAULIC CALCULATION SHA.LL BE PERFOR..\1ED TO

DETER..\ITNE THE ACTUAL FLOW REQUIREMENT IN THE ABO\.~ TWO
CASES.

-- - .. ·
· CW.5
•ESIGN M.Al'tUAL Fellt »eMESTIC WA TEllt SYSTEM

10.2 Unless otherwise mention on drawing or document the size of hoc and cold water
pipe shall be as follows:

Internal Diameter of Pipe j 6Smm SOmm 40mm .32mm j zsmm 20mm l.Smm

M:uimum Number of ISmm DIA I 40 21 12 7 I 4 2 1

(Note: 1 No. 20m.rn Outlet is equivalent to 2 No. 15mm Diameter outlet)

10.3 Minimum pipe size

15mm DIA nominal Wash Basins, water taps, flushing cistern W.C.

20mm DIA nominal Baths, sinks, hosebibs, garden taps

25mm DIA nominal W.C with flush valve.

11 w ater Data

11.1 Size, location, and depth of all water mains and fire hydrants fronting on the site
or serving the site? In the case of Singapore projects to submit to PUB refer plan
for marking of water means.

11.2 Water pressure at a given elevation?

11.3 Water meter: by water company? Purchased from water company or by owner?
Type? Strainer? Water meter pit? If so, by whom? Standard pit details?

11.4 Fire hydrants: External or internal? Type?

11.5 Amount of work done by water company? Amount of work done by water
company and paid for by the contractor?

11.6 Minimum cover required on water lines?

11.7 A:!ly other special requirements?

11.8 Water analysis.

11. 9 Type of pipe,. fittings and joints normally used? Required?

CW.6
DESIGN MA.'l\LJAL FOR DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

12 Water Supply Systems

12 .1 General

(a) The local water department in the case of Singapore PUB or ware:
company should be contacted for the availability of a public water supply
in the area. · ·

i. Obtain drawings showing locations, sizes, and routes of water

mains in the area and available pressure.

ii. Obtain information about the water analysis (if necessary), the
type arid material of piping and joints, the type of meter, the
location of the meter. and what work is normally done by the
water department or water company.

iii. In discussion with the local water departmenr or water company,

take C2.!e to ascertain the maximum possible street pressure as
well as the minimum street pressure. The system design should be
based on the minimum street pressure; and working pressures of
equipment should be based on the maximum possible stree:
pressure.

(b) Where public water mains are available, extend service(s) into the sire
from same,

(c) Provide water services (both domestic and fire) to all buildings and to on-
site fire hydrants as required.

(d) Sites having hospitals, laboratory-use buildings, or boiler plants should be

provided with two services, feeding from separate mains wherever
possible. If two separate mains are not available, on-site storage must be
provided. Also, large projects such as office buildings, housing, and
schools should be similarly provided with two sources of water.

(e) Where no public mains are available, water supply must be developed
from wells, streams: or lakes with treatment plant as required and on-site
storage of treated water. Consult your Engineer about requirements for
this work. In most part of the region this works is to be undertaken by
the Civil Engineer who is responsible for the infrastructure work.
DESIGN MAl~lJAL FOR DO~lESTIC WATER SYSTEM ISO sooi CONCEPT

(f) When a public water supply is not available, and wells are being
considered, contact a local well driller for recommendations about possible
capacities. quality, depths, types, and suggested locations. Again this
shall be analysed by the Civil Engineer .

. i. There are basically two types of wells: .

one in unconsolidated (sand) formations having a double casing
and a screen; and one in consolidated (rock) formations having a
double casing and no screen. See A VvW A Standard.

ii. Well pumps are water-lubricated multistage turbine (actually

multistage diffuser) pumps with electric-motor or engineer drive
above, or with electric submersible drive.

iii. Well pumps should be provided with electrode low water cut-off.

iv. The pump head is calculated using the lift from the pumping
water level, plus an allowance for future drop.

v. Tue water level in the well is usually much higher when the puinp
is not operating. If this high water level is below the top
intermediate shaft bearing, provide a prelubricating device.

(g) Design potable water supply piping so th.at no used, unclean, polluted, or
contaminated water can enter any portion of such piping from any tank.
receptacle, equipment, or plumbing fixture by reason of back siphonage,
suction back pressure, or any other cause, either during normal use and
operation thereof, or when any such tank, receptacle, equipment or
plumbing future is flooded or subject to pressure in excess of the
operating pressure in the water piping. Where this possibility exists, an
air gap or an approved back-flow prevention device should be provided.

(h) Piping exposed to possible freezing should be insulated and provided with
electric heating cab le.

(i) Where site water mains are looped, section-alizing valves should be
provided.

IJDCT .... cw.a .~ ....~~

DESIGN MA.1'lJAL FOR DOl"rfESTIC WATER SYSTEM . ISO 9001 CONCEPT_

G) On-site fire hydrants should be located so chat, together with street fire
hydrants, all parts of all buildings will be covered by hose streams from
two hydrants, using not over 10 metres of hose each. This coverage need
be provided only for the outside of buildings provided with interior fire
hose stations.

1. Locate fire. hydrants around the buildings, preferably not more ·

than 50 meter from the hard standing or fire engine access road.

11. Locate fire hydrants so that they are accessible to the fire
department from an adjacent roadway. review this with the fire
department and architect.

iii. The minimum size branch to fire hydrants should be 150rnm and
provided with a sluice valve. Sluice valve and double check-valve
to be provided in the Hydrant mains after the water meter.

iv. A separate line should be provided for fire purpose complete with
sluice valve and double check-valve. Separate pipe to sprinkler.
Wet-Riser and Hydrants should be provided from this line each
with its own isolating valve. Minimum Pipe size for Wet Riser
and Sprinklers to be 150 mm. If more than one hydrant !S
required, a ring main shall be designed to feed the hydrants.

(k) Size piping on building loads (37 Us minimum for fire Hydrant C:e
maximum estimated sprinkler flow).

(1) Ample provision must be made in the pipe sizing for anticipated future
building loads.

(m) Services should be provided with approved type meters; and where there
are two services to the site, a check valve must be provided in each
service .. (Compound-type meters should be provided with a straight pipe
ahead of them equal to at least eight pipe diameters.)

(n) Water meters, back-flow preventers, etc., should be located in pits or

inside the building as required by the local water department or water
company. (Obtain all details and requirements for the meter installation
from the local water department or water company.)

(o) Domestic and fire water services should normally be split outside the
building.

(p) Underground piping must have the minimum cover used in the area of the
project. Requirements can be obtained from the local water department
or water company.

CW.9
 DESIGN MA.."\'UAL FOR DO:-.fESTIC WATER SYSTE~ ISO 9001 CONCEPT

12.2 Principles of Design of Domestic Water Supply Systems

(a) Building requirement (both initial and ultimate) should be obtained from
L'1e building project engineer.

1. Ample provision should be made in the piping and in the

equipment where practical, for anticipated furure building
expansion.

(b) Where no site fire main with fire hydrants are being provided, the
required site fire hydrants should be connected to the site domestic water
main and normally have two 2-1/2 in. connections and a pumper
connection.

(c) Where the basic fae hydrants are connected to a site fire main, at least
one fire hydrant should be provided on the site domestic water main
adjacent to a Siamese on the Site fire main to allow the fire department to
boost the pressure in the site fire main.

(d) Where on-site storage must be provided, it should be in steel or concrete

tanks. preferably above ground. Do not use concrete tanks below ground
without specific approval from the water department or water company.
or where no public supply is involved, from the Department of Health

(e) Booster pumping stations. when required, may be located in the building
(designed under the building system) or in a separate building designed
under the site work.

1. The site designer should work closely with the building project
engineer as to the capacity and type of equipment involved.

(f) The maximum allowable velocity in the water piping is 2.4rn/s, except the
maximum velocity in pump suction connections, which is approximately
I.Sm.ls.

(g) For piping system subject to sudden back pressure {such as the transfer
piping system) the following measure to prevent water hammer must be
adopted:
·I'
i. By specifying a soft starter for the transfer pwbp.

ii. By incorporating water hammer arrestor (however it is difficult to

determine the exact location f the water hammer arrestor.
therefore it would be more practical to allow a sum and ask
Contractor to quote unit rate for each size of the water hammer
arrestor),

CW.10
DESIGN MANUAL FOR DO>fESTIC WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

iii. Piping

• Unless otherwise noted, underground piping 75mm and

larger should be cement-lined class 150 cast iron or
thickness class 2 ductile iron socket and spigot water pipe
and fittings.

• For underground piping beyond 3 metres outside the

building walls, class 150 asbestos cement pressure piping
may be considered. if its use is common practice in the
area.

• Underground piping 65m.m and smaller should be type K

copper tubing with cast brass flared type fitting or to
Table Y BS 2718.

• Underground valves shall be A WW A IBBM double-disc

gate valves with curb boxes.

• Fittings iri cement-lined cast-iron, cement-lined ductile-

iron, and asbestos cement piping should be calculated on
the basis C = 140.

13 PROCEDGR.ES FOR APPLICATION TO CARRY OCT

PLUM"BING SYSTEM IN SL'tGAPORE

New Water service installarion

13 .1 When a water service worker proposes to lay a new water service installation to
any premises or on any developments, he will have to submit his proposals to the
Water Department together with the Application For Water Service Form (Green
Form No. 33A).

13.2 A. detailed. plan, specification and description of the proposed work shall be
attached to the Applicarion Form.

llDC"fr ..... CW.11 -

DESIGN MANUAL FOR DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

13.3 In the case of a building requiring pumping equipment or storage cistern the water
service worker (a registered Prof cssional Engineer) shall submit upon planning
approval of development project and before tenders arc called for the supply and
installation of water service in the building, 4 sets of location/site and schematic
plans and 2 sets of floor plans showing the water service installation. including
the fire fighting service, if any, to the Water Department for approval. He shall
state the branch of engineering he is registered in and certify on the plans using
his professional engineer's stamp. The following information sh211 be shown in
--~· the plans: ·

(a) Estimated daily water consumption of the building.

(b) The number, sizes and locations of the low level and high level storage
cisterns.

(c) The number and capacities of the pwnps.

(d) The types. materials and sizes of pipes proposed to be used.

(e) The floor levels and elevation above sea level.

The total number of fittings to be supplied with water shall be stared in the plans
as follows:

Flushing Cisterns
Urinals
·Baths
Wash Basins
Sinks
Taps
Flush Valves
Pumps
Fire Sprinklers
Fire Hose Reels
Fire Hydrants
Water Heaters
Storage Cisterns
Others

CW.12
DESIGN MA..~'UAL FOR DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

Upo~ approv~I, 3 s~rs of the Iocatlon/site and schernane plans and I sec of
working drawings will be returned co L'1e registered Professional Engineer. A
licensed water service plumber shall carry out the work in accordance with the
approved plans under the supervision of the registered Professional Engineer,

At a later date and preferably 3 months before water supply rum-on is required.
an application for a waterservice connection shall be made by L'1e Licensed Water
Service Plumber using Application for Water Service Form (Green Form No.
33A) to be accompanied by a copy of the approved water service installation plan.

13 .4 On receipt of the applicarlon form and after due investigation by the Water
Department, a reply using a Proposal for Water Supply to Premises Form (Blue
Form No. 34A) stating the necessary information and requirements will be seat
to the Developer/Owner (as stated in the application form) and a copy sent to the
Licensed Water Service Plumber.

13 .5 The Developer/Owner will make payment to the PUB for the cost of the new
connection. As soon as the Licensed Water Service Plumber is ready to
commence work he will notify the Water Departrnent using Notification fer
Commencement of Works Form (Pink Form No. 32A) at least seven days before
the date he proposes to commence work.

13.6 The Licensed Water Service Plumber shall notify Lie Water Department tha: the
work is completed using a Completion Notice Form (White Form No. 3 lA) and
apply for an inspection. The completion notice is to be accompanied wit.'1
declaration by Licensed Water Service Plumber on type, brand and quantity cf
pipes and fittings used. This information shall be submitted not later than seven
days after the completion of the work. Additionally, for those work carried out
by a licensed plumber in accordance with me approved plans under the supervision
of the registered Professional Engineer. upon completion of the work, the
registered Professional Engineer shall also submit to the Water Department a
Certificate of Supervision certifying that he has supervised the construction of the
water service installation by the Licensed Water Service Plumber and it was
carried out in accordance with the Public Utilities (Water Supply) Regulations. SS
CP48:1989 -Code of Practice for Water Services, drawings and specifications and
conditions under which such drawings and amendments, thereto, if any, were
approved by the Water Department, and any other relevant statutory requirements.

13. 7 The first inspection by the Board shall be free of charge. However. if during the
first inspection the water service installation is found to fail to comply with Public
Utilities (Water Supply) regulations, Singapore Standard CP48: Code of Practice
for Water Services and the Board's requirements, or not ready for inspection after
the application. a fee of SS0.00 shall be payable by the Licensed Water Service
Plumber for every subsequent inspection,

13 .8 The Licensed Water Service Plumber shall check and certify that me water cistern
are cleared and cleaned prior to the supply rum-on by PUB.

·~- CW.13
IV DESIGN MA..~LTAL FOR DOMESTIC HOT WATER
SYSTE.\.f

t GENERA.L • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ff'W .1
l ASSESSMENT OF HOT WArE.R DEMAND AND STORAGE
R.EQ~ - •••••••• li'W'.l
3 SELECTION OF HOT WATER. PLANT, THE SfORAGE
CAPACITY AND THE RECOVEllY RATE ••••••••••••••••• h9W .2
4 UNI>EKSIZIN'G A.ND O'VYJl-SIZIN'G •••••••••••••••••••••• aw ..2
5 SELECTION FOR. OTHER APPLICATION WITH HIGH
~ANTANEOUSLOAD ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• HW~
6 00'1' WATER l.E'I'IC'ULA TION •••• .". • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • HW ·'
7 SIZING OF HOT WATER. RECIRCULATION SYSI'EM •••••••• HW.9
8 TYPE OF CALORIFIER AND PLANT ROOM LAYOUT •••••••• HW.9

. -- . - :. . . .
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DESIGN .MA.I'lUAL FOR
DOl\fESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

1. General

Central domestic hot water is normally required for residential and hotel
development only. Other developments such as hospital, hostel and restaurant
which may require central hot water system will noc be dealt with here.

This manual does not incend to cover the detail of primary heating. If steam is
required for laundry, it is natural to make use of the steam plant for hot water
generation. Otherwise heat pump or electric hearer (for a small hotel) shall be
recommended. When recommending die primary heating, the following factor shall
be considered :

a) Cost effectiveness in initial cost and running cost.

b) Space available for hearing plant.

c) Technical consideration such as the maximum temperature achievable,

pollution control. etc.

2. Assessment of hot water demand and storage requirements.

Table 2.1 Assessment of hot water demand and storage requirements

(based on day of heaviest demand during week)

1 ype of Building Mu. Daily Demand Storage Requirement

Per Person Per Person
Colleges and Schools litres litres
Boarding School 114 23
Hos pitals
General 136 27
Infectious 225 45
infirmaries 68 23
Infirmaries (with laundries) 90 27
Maternity 225 32
Mental 90 23
Nurses' Homes -, 136 45
Hostels 114 32
Hotels """
First Class !36 45
Average 114 36
Restaurants Per meal 6 litres

ISOff'?r.doc lur-L !996 .

DESIGN Mk-..,"UAL FOR
DOl\fESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM ISO 90-01 CONCEPT

3. Selection of Hot Water Plant, the Storage Capacity and the Recovery Rate

In order co select a plane of optimum size (in terms of optimum storage capacity and
system recovery race), one needs to predict the demand profile accurately. With
the assumed demand profile, the. reladonship of recovery to storage can be
approximated.

Figure 3.1 shows a typical demand pattern histogram for a good class hotel while
Table 3.1 shows the relationship between the minimum system recovery rate versus
the calorifier capacity, the relevant curve is shown in Figure 3.2. Table 3.2
tabulate the actual capacity for hotel with rooms ranging from 100 to 800 rooms.

4. Undersizing and Ovcl"Sizini

4.1 Under the following mismatch scenario. the temperature of the hoc water at the
peak demaad period will drop below designed value.

• When tbe theoretical recovery rate is lower than the minimum system recovery
rate.

• V.1:e~ me capacity of the calorifier is less than required for a sped ..fie minimum
systetn recovery rate.

• In the plateau phase, if borizonral calorifier is chosen over vertical one, and if
capacity of the calorifier moves towards left (i.e. smaller one chosen) ratio of
cold to hoc (within calorifier) !!J.3.Y become coo high and there may not be
s-.r.."'ficient stratification to ensure that required hot water temperature is
achievable.

4.2 If hearing is reliable or if supplementary beating is available, and cold water make
'-'P is designed for 1 day storage, the desired calorifier need not be more than 4 - 6
bours consumption capacity.

4.3 Excessive storage will result in. more energy being spent in the beating co maintain
the designed temperature as heat loss from calorifier is proportional to the surface
area.

5. Selection for Other Applications with High Instantaneous Load

For budze; class hotel with total rooms not exceeding 250, diversity factor is not
applicable, Furthermore there will be high instantaneous deII12..I1d, therefore
selection of calorifier shall emphasize more on the recovery rate rather than the
storage capacity.

ISO!-:.rw.doc: J::,x !9% HW-::

 DESIGN MA . l'l,lJAL
. FOR
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CO~CEPT

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FIO. J.1 Tl'?ICA.L OEM.I.NO PATTERN HISTOGRAM

FOR 0000 CL~SS HOTEL

Peak Hour 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 24
3 1
% of Total Comumpcioo. 13 23 33 38 43 46 49 53 56 58 62 72 82 87 92 100

Recovery Rate for

13 11.5 11 9.5 8.6 7.7 7 6.6 6.2 5.8 5.7 6 6.3 6.2 6.1 4.1
Specific Period ( % )

II
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Recovery Rate for 13 11.5 11 9.5 8.6 i.1 7 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 4.1
Dailv Cycle ( % )
Recommenced
MINWUM
RECOVERY RATE
Business Class. Hotel
Good Class Hotel

Table 3.1 Tvpical Hourly Demand and Minimum System Recovery Rare
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FIG. ~.2 RELUIONSHI? BETWEEN CALORIFIER CAPACITY

ANO SYSiEM RECOVERY RATE

:sor:..,,,,._do: Juoe 19?6

DESIGN MANUAL FOR
DOi\fESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

It is recommended that calorifier shall be selected basing on the minimum svstern

recovery rate corresponding to 4 hours consumption while storage can be co 6 4
hours consumpdon.

6. Hot Water Reticulation

6 .1 fa order to balance the pressure between hoc and cold water system. the pressure
stage of the C\l/O must be exactly the same.

6.2 Minimum supply temperature leaving calorifier shall be 55°C to 60°C.

6.3 There are 3 common types of circulation :

- Upfeed system
Downfeed system
- Inverted design (when calorifiers are at high level)
Figures 6. t and 6.2 show the typical upfeed arid inverted downfeed system

6.4 For upfeed system. cold water make up is usually obtained from roof tank just as
the domestic cold water system. Refer Figure 6.1 for the probable schematic
design. Preferably individual set cf calorifier is used for individual zone. However
if recirculation is not required (such as when heat trace is used) tae hot water
reticulation will be exactly similar to cold water reticulation.

In the upfeed system as shown in 6.1. PRV are introduced at the cold inlet to the
calorifier to ensure that the pressure in the calorifier is within the designed pressure
rating of the shell (Note : Standard .. Rycroft" unit only designed to 2.7 bar). Non
standard unit would be very expensive and much heavier and therefore not
desirable.

6 .5 For down feed system, one must be careful th.at iruroduction of PRV does not affect
the recirculation system such that : ·

• . Performance of recirculation pump set (as a result of reduced pressure)

can satisfy the system hydraulically
• Location of .the pump set is acceptable hydraulically

6. 6 To prevent air lock, connection of recirculation pipe to the main riser or dropper
shall be such that :

• For uofeed svstern air vent shall be iru:roduced on too of the main riser and
the return pipe be. tapped off before the last (highest) firdng (see Figure
6.1}.

• For down feed system (with calorifier at high level). air vent and vacuum
breaker must be provided (sec Figure 6.2).

ISOHW.doc June 1996

 DESIGN ~'l.TAL FOR
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

l~1 .. no ce,c ,.----- ...... ''"r

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} ·'EJG §.1 TIPCAL COMBpEO UPfEED (LOWER ZC!EJ l OOWNfEED tvPPfR ZOHfl
I t()T !'ATER SYSTE~ WITH H)fyOOAL CAL~IER FOR EACH ZO!if.

ISOHV-'.doc Juee 19* H'N-7

 DESIGN l\1.A . 'iuAL
. FOR
DOr-.!ESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM - ISO 9001 CONCEPT .

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f!i 61 T'l'P1CAL DO'!M FEED HOT WATER SYSTEM WITH

CO!+!Q!i CAJ.QRFER FOR Tt£ LOWER ZQ!:,ES

HW-!
DESIGN l'tfA."\'UAL FOR
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

7. Sizing of Hot Water Recirculation System

7 .1 Heat loss (w/m run) in supply pipe assuming 25mrn fibre glass insulation !.S
tabulated in Table 7 .1 below.

Table i.1

Bare Copper I Insulated

Nominal Pipe (mm) Supply I Re rum I Supply I Return
12 18 t2 14 9
19 25 17 16 ll
25 31 21 18 12
,-
32
38
50
65
. -
37
.....
56
65
25
29
38
44
20
23
28
31
• .j

15
19
21
70 rs 52 37 25
100 99 66 ......,.
-''4
' 29

Hear less in renirn • 2/'.: hear loss L."'1 supply due co lower differential temperature.

7 .2 Hear Loss Equation 2..!!d Pump Sizing.

Heat less in the calorifie: co the returned hot water temperature can be calculated as
follows:

Q: • mCpc

t .. 11 °C, Cp :a 4.2 KJ/kg°C

r::l ,. Q/11 x 4.2

= 0.22Q

Where Q is determined from Table 7 .1, m is the pump flow rate required.

8. . Type o( ~ori!'ier and Plant Room Layout

Figure 8.1 & 8.2 show the typical calorifier i.ns'..allation detail and selection chart.
Whenever he"id room permits, vertical calorifier shill be preferred over· horizonul
cype. Figure 8.3 shows a typical plant room for the secondary heating plant.

lSOh'Vt' .doc jl!!X ! 9% HW-9

 DE.sIGN l\1}J','UAL FOR
DOr-rrESTIC HOT WATER SYSTE..\1 ISO 90<H CONCEPT

Figure 8.1 DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS OF CA.LORIFIER

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CAPACITY\

UT.RES A
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4..a 1!00 711 '2411.JSO 54 l.SO 10 ll..5 • 2j5 U5 2751 140 X!SI l.50 !50
S5Q li'OG 671 '75 :711150 ~ 300 Ul 00 w 140 3C:S( 160 3!i01 Z40 sso
700 17.50 69t 750 JOill.50 45 300 UI 1.55 340 1.S5 3401 1.90 4201 %30 61..5
s:z u 160
300
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USO
:2000
771 750
791 IOO
771 a.so
3011.300
3'21050
3311.300
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5'21
300

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aso 160
410 1.95
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lOOI 1'50 13 1..95 4.SOf 250 $.SOI 340
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9'31 900
3611400
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5301
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6601 420
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L5el tmv· iillQSO 4211.300 5'21 3~ 151 2!.5 630 305 6i01 36.5 SOSI 500 uco
lllOt l3QQ 9lllQ:SO 4lll.!SO 621 395 151 315 ~ 335 i4.0I 405 mt 56S 124.S
loot ll.SOO 9'110:58 . 4lll'50 66 3~ 15 32! 7151 345 7601 -oo 9SOI 600 nzo
DOG 1400 9'1-11.50 4511600 6' ~10 16 370 !201 JiO 8'"'..01 500 11001 640 1410
2.500 ll-CSO 96IUOO 4811'50 66 <30 17 380 &401 405 8951 510 ll251 635 1510
3000 12900 1141000 481~ n <30 17 '35 9(,01 460 10101 S!5 12$01 985 zrro
3500 12700 1061I.350 5411.500 71 cs 19 555 l~I 555 12151 ru 1.57511025 Z260
. 4000 l.JQSO t:z:JIU50 341~ at cs 191 5IO l~ 600 1no1 r.o 170011135 zsoo
4500 13400 !J41lJ50 541::::!50 S9 Cl5 19 61.3 1355 "'5 1~201 345 LS601UAO 1735
5000 13200 12511450 571::?.400 l)C. sec 201 w 1~101 155 16651 964 '212$11.:?45 21~5
6000 l.3300 15011.t.50 Slll!.50 1121 soo 20 500 . 176.5 sas 19.SOtllJO '249011460 3120
7000 l300 13011630 661~5 97 ClS 19 9"'...5 204011010 ZZJOIL355 29!51l!J-O .:J.:5
3000 3700 146116IO 66)::!.SO l l:l C5 19 lOZQ Z2.!iO I uze l~i011510 33:;()1l050 4520
9000 coo 16.m'80 66131.50 124 as 19 uoo 24~IU10 26iOII-<90 3~1::?:30 49'2()

10000 4600 l8lll630 6613600 14.'2 as · 191Ul.S U>a)ID40 29S511S:ZO 40 lJIZ-490 ~90
U500 5000 l9'ill'30 7213750 14.I S..50 2:111.310 33JOl rrso 39'"'..51ZD5 51..SOl 2!:?5 sno
15000 16000 "!3611'30 "7214500 1771 150 n1rn.s )91012100 4-630 I;:; 60 60&51.3310 I :;.:c

LSOHW.doc: ·lune 1996 HW-10

 DESIGN i\fA...1';1.JAL FOR
DOME.5TIC HOT WATER SYSTEM
ISO 9001 CONCEPT

Figure 8.2 TI'PICAL C.A.LORIFIER INSTALLATION

K X 8

I PR<S~~~

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0
... ·-·-·
9 E

LOW
PRESSURE
COC.0 FEED
F
~

J.. - PRESStF.:SJ. TO( flfM G - REl.EF Y Al YE

B - ""'-RE~ Y Al YE H - S£Cl)()AJ<T ~CRCU.J.. TIOM f)i>F
c - PMEUU tt ~_Stl!£ rsssa K - AUTC»U. re ~ VEHT
0 - PRESSl.E SllrrCH L - JJfTJ-V 1CUM RHEF
E - n£Jaie5iAT M - PRIW'Y CC.CTRa.. Y >J. YE
F - ~ H - !£ATER BATTERY

!SOHV• .ooc J unc ! 996 H"W ·II

0
DESIGN r,t~"'1JAL FOR
DOM:E.STIC HOT WATER SYSTEM ISO 9'001 CONCEPT

I 800 8 I 600 I B I 600 I B 1200

I I I I

<

'
8
~I
'
NOTE:
A • LE1«:iiH OF CAl.ORi="ER
B - OUJETER OF CA!.~ER
REFER TO TABLE FOR rEQii OF C..t.LORIF!EP.
.ll.L OIEHSXJHS I( KUETER

I 800 I 8 I 600 8 ' 600 I B ' 800

I I
§ I I I I
oj QQQ
T

IF ROOM HEIGHT P£RMtT, VERTICAL C>.LORIFIER IS

PREFERRED OVER THE HORIZONTAL ONE.

FIG. 8.3 TYPICAL PLANT ROOM LAYOUT

HW .1:
V DESIGN1'1MlJAL FOR SANITARYPLUMBING

1 ACI'S ;· SP.1
~ RE.GUL.ATIONS ...........•••....................... SP.I
s CODE OF PRACTICE A.i'ID HANDBOOK •••••••.•..••..•... SP.1
.( PUN'!' ROOM SIZING •••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•.• SP.1
§ DESIGN CRITERIA AND SANITARY DR..IJNAGE •••..••••.•.. SP.l
6 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SANITARY PLUMBING •••.••....... SP.l
7 SUB~ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SP.2
8 GENER...\!. DESIGN PROCEDURES .• • • . • • . • • . • . . . . . . • • • • . . SP .2
g; · TOP/CSC ~ SP.6
DESIG~ !Yl.\..:~'UAL FOR S~~lTARY SYSTE:-.-1 ISO 9001 CONCEPT

1 ACTS

1.1 Pollution Control Act

2 REGliLATIOI"S
..,--1 . Sanitary Drainage Regulations

3 CODE OF PRACTICE k.~1) H.Ju~TIBOOK

3. 1 Code of Practice on Sanitary Plumbing & Drainage (1992)

3.2 Code of Practice on Environmental Health (1990)
3.3 Code of Practice on Sanitary Facilities and Fittings in Public Toilet (1990)
3.4 Sewerage Procedure and Requirement (1987) Reprint (1994)
3.5 Code of Practice on Pollution Control (Jan 1994)

4 PL.\.t'-i"T ROO:..i SIZIN'G

*4.1 Ejector Pump pit - minimum size shall be 3 m x 3m x 3m deep

4.2 Soil Water Sump- minimum size 1.5 m x l .5m x 1.2 m deep
4.3 Space For Sanitary shaft for 1 soil pipe and 1 vent pipe =600x 30
4.4 For b..!g:i rise building a ceiling space of l .5m is required a! lst storey for cross
venting -:: pipes and connection of 2nd storey sanitary pipes to vent pipe.

5 DESIGN CRll.t.RLA.. FOR SA..~TIARY DR.\INAGE

5 .1 Minimum Pipe Size between ICs = 150rnm

5 .2 Minimum Pipe Size between Sumps = 150mm
5.3 Maximum Distance between Sumps = 30 metres
.5 .4 Maximum Distance between !Cs = 50 metres
5.5 Where branch drainlines are more than 10 metres, minimum size of branch
drainlines is 150mm
5.6 Maximum pipe from floor water to sump = 10 metres
5. 7 Where Depth of IC is greater than 1.5 metre and branch drainles are connected
the minimum branch drainline shall be 150 mm

6 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SA..~1_TARY PLUMBING

6.1 For High Rise buildings minimum suck size should be 150mrn. Vent pipe should
be lOCm-n for Ist to 15c.h and 150mrrt above 15th Storey.

• Ejector room :::ay not be required if the ventilation required of the pit is complied with.

SP. 1
DESIGN M.~!'l;LJAL -FOR SA~"-clTA.RY SYSTE:'\! ISO 9001 CONCEPT

7 SUBMISSIO.S

The Authorities with jurisdiction over the Sanitary submission are the following:

CBPU which comprises:

• Sewerage Department (Sanitary Unit)

• Drainage Department
e Pollution Control Department
• Environmental Health Department

All submission via Architect shall comprise the following:

7.1 1 set cf folly coloured sewerage plans to be submitted together with checklist to
Architect for their onward submission to CBPU.

7 .2 The approved set is kept by Sewerage Department so a separate set should be kept
in the office for record.

7 .3 1 se: cf fully coloured plan showing all the "Pollution Control" related items.
namely, :.~e trade effluence. Tnese sh.all not be coloured in the Sewerage set.

As reqards tc minor sewer submission, it is suggested that the Mech. 2..nical Engineer
determine the discharge quantity and proposed to the Civil Engineer, the most appropriate
location of t:e first manhole. Although it is the Civil Engineer's responsibility to ensure
compliance, we shall provide information and suggestion regarding the proposed miner
sewer.

8 GE.'°'"ERALDESIGN PROCEDlJRES

8.1 Sewer Data

8 .1.1 S ize, location. and depth (including manhole locations) of all sewers
fronting on or serving the site? Sanitary? Storm Water Combined?

8 .1.2 If no sewer, how to dispose of sanitary sewage? Storm water drainage?

If dry wells or sewage disposal system, topographical map and type of soii
at varying depths?

8.1.3 If street sewer manholes are required, by whom? Ifby sewer department,
at whose cost? If by owner, any special standard detail?

8.1.4 Any special standard detail required for house sewer manholes?

8 .1.5 Are street sewer connections preferred at or berween rnanho !es? If

between manholes. are there existing spurs? Are there any minimum or
maximum limitations on size or depth?

8. 1.6 .Any ocher special requirements?

SP.2

r
DESIGN MA.1'i'1JAL FOR SA..~'ITARY SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

8.2 Drainage Systems

8.2.1 Principles of design

(a) At the SQ""t of a project, contact the sewer department of the

community involved for the availability of storm. sanitary, and
combined sewers in the area. (Obtain drawings showing
locations, sizes, and depths of all available sewers, also any rules
and requirements connected with sewer work.)

(:J) All drainage should be by gravity, wherever possible.

(c) Do not design combined site sewers.

(d) Design piping carrying building drainage in accordance with the

requirements of applicable codes. -

(e) Design storm and sanitary sewers, not coverea oy code, in

accordance with the requirements of all authorities having
jurisdiction, or in the absence of same, as hereinafter indicated.

(~1 Provide manholes as follows:

(i) For every change in direction.

(ii) For every change in pipe size.
(iii) For every change in pipe pitch (slope).
(iv) For every major connection.
(v) A: least every 50 metre.

(g) Where sewers of different pipe size enter or leave a drainage

structure. lower the crown of the larger pipe to match the crO\I.-'D
of the smaller pipe. Where this is not possible, check with the
supervisor.

(a) Where pipes of equal size enter and leave a manhole, the outlet
pipe should be lowered 50mm.

(i) Piping must be of sufficient strength for the depth of cover.

(k) See the following for pipe carrying capacities:

{i) Kutrer's pipe-flow chart

(ii) Manning's pipe-flow chart

(!) Avoid placing pipes under known locations of trees. review

planting plan during design.

(rn) ·Where possible, avoid placing piping under pavements.

· SP.3
DESIGN M.Ai'WAL FOR SA.l'l;1TA.RY SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

8.2.2 Piping

(a) Piping, unless otherwise noted, should be cast-iron soil pipe and
firtings, or class 100 cast-iron or thickness class 2 ductile-iron bell
and spigot water pipe and 250-psi firtings. ·

(b) Piping beyond 3m outside the building
vitrified clay bell and spigot sewer pipe
or reinforced-concrete bell and spigot,
sewer pipe and fittings, or asbestos
fittings, as allowed by code.
wall may be extra strength
and fittings, extra strength
and/or tongue and groove
cement sewer pipe and

(i) Minimum size of nonmetallic piping shall be 200mm.

(c) Use calculation forms C-1, C-2. and C-3, for sizing piping, when
computer program is not used.

8.3 Sanitary sewer systems

8.3 .'! Principles of design

(a) Obtain building requirements (both initial and ultimate)

from the building project engineer. (Make ample
provision in the piping for anticipated future building
expansion.)

(b) All building house sewers should drain by gravity to

public sewers or other approved means of disposal.

(c) Where sanitary or combined sewers are not available,

alternate means of disposal to be considered are:

(i) Sewage treatment plant.

(ii) Septic tank and tile field or leaching cesspools.

(d) Where ocher the public sewer disposal is required, consult

. your supervisor on the requirement for this work.

(e) Piping should have a minimum cover of 900mm.

(f) Pipe size and pitch should be selected to provide a

minimum velocity of 0.6 mis.

(g) Sewage pumping stations shouid be concrete structures

(precast or poured in place), normally of the wet-pit-dry-
pit type.

(h) Automatic air relief valves should be provided in trapped

high points in the pump discharge piping and force main.s.

/SOS/" 6/t';li! S?.4

DEsIGN ~''IUAL FOR SA.~1TA.RYSYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

8.4 Piping

8.4.1 Piping, unless otherwise noted, should be cast-iron soil pipe and
fittings.

8.4.2 . Piping beyond 3m outsidethe building wall may be extra strength

· vitrified clay bell and spigot sewer pipe and fittings, or asbestos
cement sewer pipe and fitting, if allowed by code. (Minimum
size of nonmetallic piping shall be 200mrn)

8.4.3 Sewage pump discharge piping inside the station should be

galvanized standard-weight steel pipe with threaded cast-iron
drainage fittings.

8 .5 Equipment

8.5.1 Sewage ejector pwnps

(a) Use divertor system if connected to kitchen otherwise use

ejector system. In order to prevent surcharge in the
sewerage system where solid divertors are used, the pump
capacity shall be at least 3 times the incoming flow.

(b) Pumps should be vertical wet-pit-dry-pit rype 01

"submersible

(c) Pumps should normally be duplex (each full size). In

large installations, and to provide for future loads, more
than two pumps may sometimes be required.

( d) . Calculate the pump head by adding · the lift from low

water in the pit to l metre above grade at the point of
discharge (to ensure entry into a surcharged sewer) or the
highest elevation of the discharge line, whichever is
greater, and the discharge pipe friction (including both
individual pump discharge assembly and the common
discharge piping).

(e) Size of ejector tanks are normally about 1 to 1.2 metre

diameter and 1 to 1.5 metre high ..

(f) Check the. friction in the common discharge piping for

both one and twp pump operations. Normally friction for
one-pump operation should be included in the specified
pump head, provided there is not too great a drop in
capacity with the friction of two pumps operating.

S?.5
DESIGN MA.NUAL FOR SA.:\1TARY SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT·

(g) The ejector pit should be minimum 3m x 3m size and the

depth is normally about 4 metre deep. The exact depth
will depend on the depth of the !Cs or sumps which are
connected co it.

(h) Sewage ejectors ·should be sized co handle the peak

anticipated flow as calculated from fixture units.

(i) All controls should be the sealed electrode type, for each
pump, or the "bubble" type.

Compression rube high-water alarm actuating units should

be provided.

(k) Where the lift is 10 co 13m or more, provide ejector

pumps with external spring-type check valves instead of
the regular swing checks used elsewhere.

1\
( i) A 600 mm x 600 mm sump should be provided for a
small sump pump in the ejector pit.

(m) Where ejector room is not provided, proper ventilation of

pie must be provided.

9. TOP/CSC

The detail of TOP/CSC shall be dealt with in the submission m..2m12.l.

9 .1 When no minor sewer work is involved, the plumber shall at his own discretion,
decide when 80 % of the work is completed, and apply to the ENV for connection
to the sewer.

9 .2 When there is minor sewer, the minor sewer work shall be carried out
concurrearly, they shall be checked progressively by the ENY. Internal drainline
will only be connected co the minor sewer when the minor sewer are 100%
completed and internal drainline approximately 80 % completed.

S?.6
vr DESIGN MANUAL FOR GAS SYSTEM

1 AC~ •..•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••.•..••••....... G .1
2 REGULATIONS ••••••.••.••••••••••.•••••••.•....•••. G.l
3 CODE OF PR.A.CTICE .•.••.•••••••.•••••••.•••••...... G.1
4 PLAA'T ROOM SIZING .••.•••••.••••••••••.•••.•..•... G.1
S DESIGN CRITERL.\ FOR GAS •••••••••.•••••••.••.•.••••• G.l
6 SUB~ION ••••••..••••••••••••.••••••••••.•....•. G.1
7 INFOR...'-1.ATION REQUIRED ESPECIALLY FOR
OVERSE . "-5
. PROJ'ECT ..•....••. ~ ••.••••.•.•.•.•....... G .2
8 GAS SY~ •••••••. • ••••••• • ••••••• • • • •••.•..... · . G.1
9 GAS CA.L.Cli1...ATION ..•..•.••..••••.•••.••.••••.....•. G.4
 DESIGN i\'L.\..l\'UAL FOR GAS SYSTEM ISO 900 l CONCEPT

.1 ACTS

1.1 PUB Act

2 REGULATIONS

2.1 PUB Regulation (Gas Supply)

2.2 PUB (Ta.riffs for Gas)

CODE OF PRACTICE

3.1 CP 51
3.2 PUB Handbook on Proc~ure and Requirement of Gas Supply
3 .3 Code of Practice for Fire Precaution in Buildings 1991

4 PLA~"i ROOM SIZING

4.1 Duct Sizing (see CP51)

4.2 Ventilation - All duct, shall preferably have external wall with 0.05r:r: opening at
top and bortorn.

5 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR GAS

5 .1 Maximum loss allowed in pipe from srv to pan of usage is 0.3 inch water gauge

5.2· l Cubic foot = 500 BTU

5.3 Use Ducmlaror to calculate pipe size
5.4 100 Cubic feer/hr for small stalls. hawker centre
5.5 1,000 Cubic feet/hr for large restaurants

6 SUBMISSION

6.1 4 sets of drawing to be sent to PtJB for submission. Fully coloured. and endorsed
for commercial building and 3 sets for residential building. Bur before this is sent
1 coloured sec should be sent to PUB for final comments ..
6.2 Service installation valve co be shown and should be located outside site boundary,
6.3 Service Valve to be shown and should be locared near to building.
6.4 Spool to be shown in pipe at entrance to builders and also to all meters.

G.1
DESIGN MANUAL FO~ GAS SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

t Dff0R.\1A TION REQUIRED ESPECL\.LL Y FOR OVERSEAS PROJECT

7.1 Gas Data

7 .1.1 Size, location, and depth of all gas mains fronting on the site or serving
the site?

7.1.2 Btu content and pressure of gas available?

7 .1.3 Amount of work done by the gas company? Amount of work done by the
gas company and paid for by the contractor?

7.1.4 Equipment furnished by the gas company and to be installed by the

contractor?

7 .1.5 Approximately load : Btu/h

7.1.6 Size cf service?

7.1.7 Size of meter?

7.1.8 .A,.,.-iy special gas company requirements regarding location or merer or

others?

Type of pipe, fittings. and valves normally used? Required? Coating?

D.t.'liodic protection?

8 GAS SYSIB.'1

8 .1 Principles of design

8.1.1 Obtain building requirement (both initial and ultimzte) from the building
project engineer. (Make ample provision in the piping for anticipated
furore building expansion.)

8.1.2 Gas is usually supplied from the utllity company's street mains. When no
street mains are available, supply must be from a liquified petroleum (LP)
"bottled" installation.

8.1.3 Contact the local utility company for the availability of street (natural) gas
in the area. Obtain drawings showing locations and sizes of gas mains in
the area. Obtain pressure, Btu/cu ft content of the available gas. and
.... ~·
requirements regarding metering. (Gas services (natural gas) should be
extended from the utility company's mains to all buildings requiring
same.)

G.2
DESIGN :M.~"""UA.L FOR GAS SYSTEM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

8.1.4 When street gas is nor available, LP beetled gas muse be provided.

(a) Contact the local LP gas supplier concerning the size of the tan.'<
recommended for the load involved and find our whether an
underground or an aboveground installation is recommended and
also who supplies the tank.

(b) Review with che architect the tank location and determination of
an underground or an aboveground installation,

8.1.5 Design gas system in accordance with the utility company's requirements,
the requirements of applicable codes, and the requirements of NFPA
Standards 54, National Fuel Gas Code, or 58, Liquefied Petroleum
Gases, Storage and Handling.

8.1.6 Gas service is usually low pressure (l/2 psi or less). However, it may
sometimes be medium or high pressure and require reduction. Check
with the utility company inside or outside the building.

8. l. 7 Gas is usually metered inside the building, but it is sometimes metered on

the site. Check with che utility company.

8.1.8 Gas piping fromthe street main co the property line is normally provided
by the utility company. Gas piping inside the property line is usually
provided by the plumber. (Obtain from the utility company the allowance
· pressure drop from the scree: .main co the meter, from the street main to
the regulator, from the regulator co the meter, whichever is applicable.)

8.2 Piping

8.2. l Design piping in accordance with the requirements of the local code and
the utility company.

8.2.2 Piping must be made of materials recommended by the utility company.

(a) Normally piping is black steel pipe with welded or "dresser"

fittings.
(b) Often it is coated "mill wrapped" .
(c) Often it is provided with cathodic protection.

8.2.3 Piping from the street main to the meters is usually sized by the utility
company. You are responsible for sizing che piping from the meter to the
point of use.

(a) When the meter is on the individual building service, che building
project engineer will size the piping into the building.
 DESIGN MAl""UAL FOR GAS SYSITM ISO 9001 CONCEPT

(b) When the meter is on the site services feeding a site distribution
system, the site distribution system piping will be sized
cooperatively by the building project engineer and the site
engineer, as the total pressure drop allowed between the rneter .
and the most distant point of use can be only 0.3 in of water.

8.2.4 Curb valves should be lubricated plug valves with curb boxes.

9. GA.S CALCliLATION

9 .1 Estimation for Town Gas

.
TYPE I ESTIMATED LOAD

Restaurant serving less than 300 persons

I 1,000 cfn (28.3 m3fn)

Restaurant : 300 to 500 persons

I 2,000 cfn (56.6 m3fn)
I
Restaurant : more than 500 persons
I 3,000 cfh (85 m:;/h)

Food/Hawker Centre
I 200 cfh (5.66 rrr/h) per stall
Food Court
I 300 cfn (8.5 rrdn) per stall
I Fast Food Restaurant
I iOO cfn (19.8 m3/h)
I
' Retail Shop I
Provision I 100 cfh (2.83 m:ifn)
I
9 .2 Sample estimation for LPG .

Total no. of people 240

Total no. of meals per day 3 x 240 = 720 meals/day

Average gas energy 5 Ml/meal

consumption per meal

Dilly g2.S energy consumption no x 5 = 3,600 Ml/day

Assume calorific value of LP. Gas 50 W/kg

Daily LP. Gas consumption 3600 = 72 kg/day

50

Available L.P.-Gas bottle is 50 kgs weight

Proposed rwo week storage of LP.· gas bottles
Total no. of LP. gas bortle !4 x 72
50
_, .; "'.":· = 20 bottles
.
G.4
 APPENDIX I · DETAIL DRY /WET RISER DESIGN FLOW CHART

lliUL
llEIG111 OF OLOG. • ALL T AHK TO llAVE TOP l no I I OK
SUKP , ROOK CLEARAHCE SHALL 8[
L6H Ill AOO!ll011 TO IAIU< ltl.
<24M >HM
" ROOH SIZES FOR IWO SETS OF PUKP.
>GOM
NO HISEi! msrn R[OD. "'FOR FLOOR EXCEEOIHG 9JOK WllERE
1LV IS REOUlllEO, TlllS KA r OE
COtulECTE!l 10 I RISER OF lSOmm.
(60M REGARDLESS Of WllETllER OUILDIHG HT.
lfEOUIRES ISOmm RISER.
r------~ <45M .----~~--.
Hl'.iEfl OF 100rnm4l --- DRY RISE!! WET RISER Oll!UU!E.QIJ!!!(fil!l.l
1. PIP[ TO BE G.I. ll(AVY DUTY
1. EARlllUlG 10 OE PROVIDED
>45M l. TO BE RIAl Ill PROHCTED AREA
t All CAOlE TO OE FIRE RA IEU
HISER OF 150mm4l
-------····--------- -------
DESIGN CRITERIA / REQUIREMENT
l~O. OF lllSUl : ONE rm 930SQ. M OF AREA !PER FLOOR)
LANDING VAL VE COVERAGE : 38M
LOCATION OF L.V. : SFL OR OUTSIDE STAIRCASE IN PROTECTED SHAFT OR WlTHIN
ST AIR CASE IF COMMON AREA NOT AVAILABLE
MAX. RUNNING PflESSURE : 5.513Al1
HIN. HUNNING PRESSURE : J.SBAR
HA:( Pfl[ SSUHE STAG!~ WITHOUT rUMP : 120M

MAX. PHESSUllE ST AGE WITH PUMP : PREFERABLY < 75M

FOil f:ACll. ADDITIONAL mstn. ADD 50% FLOW, STORAGE, POWER REOO.

LOW LEVEL URE AK

YES T /\NK/TR/\NSFER

\ i\!IL i l'\IMI'
l PUMP ARRANGEMENT
S10R/\GE : 12M3 rm RISCH
r-LOW : 27 \/s OR JB l/s
PLUS 50% MORE FOR
I , \ -· . . --- · ·-·-- ___nor__ACCEPTAOL
,...____ r E /\CH EX TR/\ HISlJ!
TANK : 5x2xl.51\ l\2M3 C/\Pl
PUMP ROOM : 5x3x3H

AcC[PJ AIJL[ I DESJGN TO llELEV /\IH l . ..___,,

.•

<; IOIJA~· ~~~~~~---)29"t4,- .. - l'UCPOS[ '!°"" I -: -GB.--1-0

S-TO_f!_/\.,.-GE-CA_P_. 1. -107.-.G-M-)
rt.OW ti l/s FLOW : 38 l/s
1 /\Ill< C1x)x]ll fO '/xl.xJll TANK : 7xl.x3H TO 6x5x311
l'lll-11' l!lHlM : Sx3x)ll Oil tt)x5xJll ----• PUMP HOOM : 5xJx)H
l'OWI II Oxcp!ll•l.'.il/O.S'.1 !Ul'FEEDl GROUP II OTHER POWEH : Oxgx!ll.t.'.il/0.55 tUPrEEDl
llxuxl.5/0.S'.i lllOWNFE[l)) GROUPS : Oxgx~5/0.55 (OOWNFEEDl

0 : FLOW f!A TE Ills)

H : STATIC llEIGllT (rn)
g : 9.6 ml scc.sq.
····- ... ·---------···--·· ·-----------------------------------------------1
 APPENDIX II OUTLINE SPRINKLER DESIGN FLOW CHART

----·--·---.
TllE OUILOING EXIT REQUIREMENT
OCCUPANCY GRP? GROUP I/II IS THERE A YES !REFER CH 2 Pg. 26) HOH COl./PU.1.HCE
OASEMENT? 1------i COMP /\IHMENT
!REFER TO.I.I[) Pg. 261 !REFER Cll J Pg. ( 9)

A!IY OTHER !IO CO I.IP LY

GROUPS
NO SPK
- YES cnoss VENTILATION
WITH INDUCED
FRESH Alfl ?

SEE APPENDIX Ill

rmE ALAflM
i
I
[ l~A~~l~~~T~ YES 1 NO \"
t
t
\IT. OF l""
\IT. Of
[~JLDG<21.M _, __ ,__ IJLDG>21,M

_ __t - -) .
COMP l\HIMENT I\ 1\0N
/\ND 1ll/\ V[L llON1 COMPLl/..HCE
SPRINKLER
DIST /\NC[
!nff[R Cl! J OF FC)

COl.lPLY DETERMINE LOW LEVEL AND

OLOG HEIGHT -- NO. OF STAGES -- INTERMEDIATE PL/\NT
---·-~--,
NO SPRINKLER
- SEE /\PPENDIX
r-mE /\L/\RM
Ill c..---,--~
<75lJ
>751.( lN THE SYSTEM RM.? ROOF PLANT RM .

flECOMMENO SINGLE ST AGE

HOT /..CC[PT/..BlI
~
· _J _
LOW LEVEL ACCEPTABL[
Tll/\MSF EH
PUMP/T /\NK
t-J\Btl:~GJ: MQiL
l-1/\Y .. \ll\"ll\HD CLASS? --
T /\NK SIZE ?
PUMP f/(!1)~11
._f_,
POW[H ?
. SPI< T /\NK/PUMP
\.GCI\ 1\0H ? .MAX. HAZAClO CLASS?
PUMP SIZE ? TANK SIZE ?
NOTE·
PUMP ROOM SIZE?
POWER REOUITTEMENT? PURPOSE GROUP NO. USAGE
LOCA TlON ? l · SMALL RESIOENTl/\L
CONTROL V/\LVE NO?. ll OTHER RESIDENTIAL
CONT110L V /\L VE LOCI\ llON ? Ill INSTITUITION/\L
OHEECHINE INLET ? IV OFFICE
SHAFT nEOUIREMENT ? v SHOP
Vl FACTORY
VII PUBLIC RESORT
VIII STORAGE/CARPARK
lll·H.F'.·,r, OlllE!lWl'.;E :,TATED Al.I. R!JEllENCE Afl[ MADE WlTll RESPECT TAOLE 1.1 0 PAGE 2G OF FIRE CODE
Ill COIJE OF 1'11/\C flC[ ron FIHE PllEC/\UTIONS IN OUILOINGS 1991.
I
'-
,,
 APPEND.IX Ill ELECTRICAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
CLASSIFY THE WHOLE BUILDING 011
PAl1T OF THE BUILDING IF IT FALLS UNDER ...

-f
---
IUSTALLA TIOH OF FIRE ALARH SYS TEH IS
nEOUJREO COHPL YIHG Willi THE REOUIREHEtHS
OF THE SS CP IO : 1960 COOE OF PRAC !ICE
runrosE cnour AHY OHIER FOR TllE IHS T ALLA 110N AtlO SERVICJljG OF
1 on 11 PURPOSE GROUP HO. ELECTRICAL, rlRE ALARH SYSTEHS.

FIRF. ALAllH SYSTEH IS llOT 10 OE TERMIHE WHE TllER AN AUTOHA TIC on

11[ OUlflEO 10 U[ IHS 1 AllEO HAllUAL TYPE IS TO OE INST ALL ED It! THE
BUILOIHG, REFER TO THE TAOLE OELOW

rROVISION OF FlRE ALARMS ACCOllDlllG TO

runrosn GROUr, llEIOlff &. SllE OF lllE OUILDING

... I c
r.-poM irup 1.M M.t.tubtt )l..l11t.1 ol ~ld.l"C Toul n"'°'&n~ TYi" ol
(I"" '"'"71• m~ ahrm
l1t.HCUI o(wtiJc~
1..hrm n\.lnl 'H ,,.o.-lJtJ
Ill (ltu1l11.11lorul)
II) Sch.tw>lt&l'dotM111
: : ~':3~~~~'1 ~~d::!.,.. Ill
4001 (ml
(U)
•. l1i1iJ4i•1 ot ~ ih.ui 4 •~r• llR (mJI
HuJ'-" &.an oec1i1t:M/i-11.)t. 1ur·I,. fufUi1111
• • Sln~la nor.y I.ii Int N~ (ml
~. ev dl11f01l lO 4 ..... ,. HR l•l
< • &u.Udln1o( mon lhll\"' l\O<''IYI tlR (•)
(Jal ~{~:~ 'i:':=:;c~1,,::~'ll•7·1 .. Ct&UCu1 II~
~ • !riu-\dl"l a( l 'O 4 OOll'JI lOOt (ml
• • 81i1iJdi111 N mor. Uu.11 'llOA)'I UP. l•l
rvromr.J
~: !i;j~i:;o;;~~"'!d!:!,,. <OO•
lOOI
(m)
(n~
G • 81i1iJdln1 of nlOn \ha.n t 1\0f11)'1 llR (•)
V\S.hopl

~ ·. ~:\~i:~?1 -=~J!~.... <00"

lOOI
(m)
(m)
e , th1iJdift1 oC man lhLll 4 UOOJI l<R (•)
VI (TUIDC"J)
~: ~i;j~i:;o;g:4!d!:!•r• <00"
l(()t
(ml
!ml
t • 9i.iilaiAJ or mon LhAn 4 ll<>flTI l<R (•)

VII 1r11u ol '"bUc ftc:&on)

«o-
: : ~i;~~in'~~~ ~"'!d!:!,,1 1001
(m)
(ml
< • Bi.iiJdin&of ITIOn ahu. t IU)nJI llR {•)
VUl tS1.01.,1• nrit(Crirrarh)
~: ~i=~~~~~?1~-~d!:~,.,. 1000·
lt>:))I
lm)m)
t • 8 ,.iJdi.f\1 o( mQ.1" J..a.n t J\OUJI llR (•)

Sll"1h l\C'l:t.rNIJln1 wh)i. Ult hit Lhlfr.lr\Clea\&J h ftOC nq1.1ltc.d '°~ rf'J1IJ..id whh
0 Llum l)'lham
'"I'll'"
w-. ..... h• lf"dl\cil "r '~
J.c1uU'll i\v!.h(l.ri17:
When i.1Hd
(ot llrotr\"(1rcon·1·no..h\l(WI.. t\tllwTUllt Nutn IJ1'-11'\
,\.,\lri..w117.
RUJ'NHl'\'111'\'•1b7 \hos ~.:ln-1\I
•

.1hoi '°u.J nOC'lf U't.1 per ''°"'11h&J'l

.oc llCf"d lhll LI lb.Hd 111 CL &.).l(c).
t4f. • M llnil ltn} • n'W!VJ 11J-l
/'IR • 1'04 1d .. MI {•} • .1u1"m.dc r rrwuu.l 11,...

(1~ ~~~~~ ;.~,·:.o:tl ,!:,~:ir~:~r::r.·~-~~~~"!~'b:d~:~:HI\ nqvlm~ftl (UI "'1 IJIW

(1) Wl'\4" Pvl'f'O"'- Groo.ip II fom\1f4l1of1 ml.ud \IM Whllri1. Cl. ,.l, l(b) d1:JI b.t (ulloJ-..J,

,, I

•·, OTHER REQUIREMENTS:

Ill

.,. CIJ Ill 111( CASE OF PURPOSE GROUP II LOCATEU ON Tl![ urrrn SlOR[YS OF A BUILOJHG OF HJX[O OCCUPANCIES,
1111~. 1'01111011 OF 111[ llUILOlllG SHALL 0[ PROVIDED Willi HAllUAL ALARM SYSTEM. IF TJIE HABIT AOU: llEIGllT
'
r, OF 111[ llUllDlllG DOES nor EXCEED 2' H, TH[ RESIOEt!TIAL PORTIOH OF TJIE OUILOIHG NEEO HOT [l[ REQUIRED
10 Ill l'llOVIDEO WITll ALARM CALLPOIHTS AHO TtiEIR ALARM DELLS llEEO Ot!LY BE COHNECT[O TO THE nm:
. ,. AlAl!H SYSTEM OF Ill[ OTtlER PARTS OF TllE OUJLOING .
...
I} .

Al AHH nru. S S TJl'ULA l £0 Ill TllJS SUB-CLAUSE HA YOE OHHllT (0 Wlltn[ OtlL Y TllE FIRST STOREY JS OCCUPIED
'· BY IWl!-Hf. Sl()(IUIAL PRCMISES SUCll AS SllOPS, OFFICES, COHHUNAL AllO ANCILLARY FACILITIES. T tus EXCEPTIOll
,".
r ,
Al'l'LICS OllLY Al TllE OISCRETIOH Or THE R[L£VAHT AUTllORITY.
'"t•
hi llOI WlllJSTAJj()JtlG TllE AOOYE, Ir THE TOTAL rLOOn AREA rm STOREY OF A 2 TO l STOREY OUJLOIHG OF AllY
or Tll[ l'l!llf'OSF. GROUP Jtl TO VIII F.XC[EOS lllE SIZES AS s Til'ULA TEP Ill COLUHH 121 Or 11\E T AOLE AUOV£
lit( IJUILDING SIJALL [}[ PHOVJOEO Willi AH AUTO~~TIC rmE DETECTION SYSTEM.
(

,
t•
 APPENDIX IV I HOSEREEL DESIGN FLOW CHART

CLASSIFY THE BUILDING IF IT FALLS UNDER ...

i) A OUILDING OF PURPOSE GROUP I OR II;

iii A SHOP ON THE FIRSl STOREY OF A SHOP CUM-RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
PROVIDED THE SHOP DO.ES NOT EXCEED 280sqm. IN FLOOR AREA AND IS
PROPERLY SEP ARA TEO FROM THE RESIDENTIAL FLOORS OR PARIS OF
THE BUILDING BY COMPARTMENT WALLS AND FLOORS;
iii) ANY OTHER SMALL BUILDING WHICH AT THE DISCRETION OF THE RELEVANT
AUTHORITY DOES NOT REQUIRE A HOSEREEL.

YES NO

PROVIDE ·AT LEAST ONE [1) HYDRAULIC

HOSEREEL IS NOT llOSEREEL IN EVERY STOREY OF EVERY
REQUIRED BUILDING CONFORMING TO THE REQUIREMENTS
r-----··-------·--·· -· IM SS er 29 : 1981. CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEMS & HOSEREEL.

\\[QUH1EMENTS:

al THE HOSEREEL SHOULD BE OF 20mm OR 25mm NOMINAL DIAMETER,

NON-KINKING REINFORCED RUBBER OR REINFORCED PVC TO EITHER
OSJ169:1981 TYPE A OR AS1221:1983, NOT EXCEEDING 30 M IN LENGTH
ANO TERMINI\ TING IN "SHUT-OFF" BRANCHES WITH 1..5 mm OR 6.Jmm NOZZLES.
bl MINIMUM WATER SUPPLY FOR HOSEREEL IN TERMS OF FLOWRATE AND MINIMUM
RUNNING PRESSURE SHALL BE SUCH THAT WHEN TWO (2) TOPMOST HOSEREELS
WITH J\ T LEAST HYDRAULIC HEAD IN A BUILDING ARE OPERATING SIMULTANEOUSLY,
EACH WILL PROVIDE AT LEAST A JET OF AT LEAST 6 M" IN LENGTH AT A FLOWRATE
OF- J\ T LE"AST O.~ L/S.
cl FOR J\ 6.3 mm NOZZLE A MINIMUM RUNNING PRESSURE OF 1.5 BAR IS REQUIRED AT THE
ENTRY TO EACH REEL AND SIMILARLY FOR A z.s mm NOZZLE A MINIMUM PRESSURE
OF t•. O OAR IS REQUIRED.
di WHERE rut WATER PRESSURE IN HOSEREEL MAIN NEEDS TO BOOSTED, PHOVISION or-
J\ ELEC THICALL Y DRIVEN DUTY AND ST AND 8Y PUMPS IS REOU\f!ED.
el PUMl'S SHALL {1E FED FROM A SUCTION T ld~K HA YING A MINIMUM CAPACITY
OF \100 LITERS.

PURPOS E DESCRIPTIVE PURPOSE FOR WHICH BUILDIN.G OR PART OF THE

GHOUP TITLE BUILDING IS USED OR INTENDED TO BE USED
P111VA TE DWELLING HOUSE SUCH (IS BUNGALOWS, SEMI-
SMALL RESIDENTIAL
DETACHED HOUSES AND TERRACE HOUSES:
---·

I II ornrn RESIDENTIAL
ACCOMODATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PURPOSES OTHER THAH
ANY PREMISES COMPRISED IN GROUP I TO INCLUDE FLATS,
MAISONETTES, APARTMENTS, ETC.
\ _ -
,,
 , '

A~FENllX V · MECHANICA.L VENTILATllN/Al~ CGNllTliNING SYSTEM

CARPAnK: 20% & NOT DEEPER THAN 12.0H

2%\fOR IN!ilUCfD FA WITH MV
WHEN NV IS PROVIDED ' .
QR. PROPOSEO,CHECK %1------------1 SFL : 15% & NOT DEEPER THAN 9.0M OR
OF WINDOW OPENING IFFLI 50% OF EXTERNAL WALL FOR CROSS-
VENT, NOT DEEPER THAN 13.0M
·!SEE FC, Cl 2.2.13 b(iv)
INTERNAL EXIT PASSAGEWAY: 15%
. ~~_I NON COMPLIANCE EXIT ST AlRCASE : 10% PER FLOOR
-1 ADVISE ARCHITECT , _, STAIRCASE ,LOBBY, conmooR: 5%
OR PASSAGEWAY OTHER
COMPLY THAN THE AOOVE
NON COMPLIANCE
ALL OTHER ROOMS : 10%
I NV I I PROVIDE MV I AC I
COMPLY

I NV (

CHECK IF THIS AREA IS IN DETAIL LIST

OF ROOM WHERE MV IS TO BE PROVIDED YES i MV OR AC+HV I
IN ADDITION TO AC, (SEE APPENDIX V)

NO

~-----------1\ PROVIDE AC I

I
·.I ..

SEE APPENDIX VI FOH MV · ·

ADVISE ARCHITECT & STRUCTURAL ENG'R OF SPECIAL REQUIREMENT
SUCH AS: .

1. EXJ.ERNAL·LOUVfiE, l:OCATION 6. SIZE (5.0M SEPARATION)'

2. MASONRY SHAFT REQUIREMENT.
3. STAIRCASE PRESSURISATION/LIFT LOl)BY VENTILATION
I,, GENS ET ROOM, X-FORMER ROOM LOCATION
5. FIRE PUMP ROOM LOCATION

CODES I REGULATION REFERRED:

CP 13 : 19(10
l)UILDING CONTROL REGULATION 19(19
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE PRECAUTION IN l)UILDINGS 1991 [FC)
 • f

APPENDIX VI: BASEMENT VENTILATION, ENGl~EERED SMOKE CONTROL,

SMOKE VENT. s SMOKE PURGING SYSTEM

BASEMENT
VENTILATION
I
I

I NON-CARPARK I CARP ARK

CHECK IF WINDOW /OPENING > 20% CHECK IF WINDOW /OPENING > 20%
ENSURE NO 12.0 M DEAD END ENSURE NO 12.0 M DEAD END

YES NO NO YES
~
i (THIS IMPLIED SMOKE
V. ENT REOUIREHENT
I I I I I ~ IS FULFILLED.)

-
NV MV MV

TOTAL AREA TOTAL AREA

> 1900 sqrn. >1900 sqrn.
I
YES NO YES

ENGINEERED SMOKE CONTROL SMOKE VENT

1. TO HAINT Ml SMOKE FREE 1. IF MY IS REQUIRED, ONLY 6 A/C
SMOKE PURGING SYSTEM
ZOHE OF 2.\ H. PER HOUR 1. 9 A/C PER HOUR
2. DUCT USED SHALL £lE 1-hr FIRE RATED. 2. VENT OPENING TO BE 2.5% OF FLOOR AREA
2. INTERLOCK FAN TO BLDG
J. USE FIRE SIZE AS DELOW TO DETERMINE 3. INTERLOCK SMOKE VEHT TO BLOG FIRE ALARM
EXHAUST RATE. FIRE ALARM
3, PROVIDE REMOTE START-STOP
SHOP : 5 mW, 12.0 PEfllHETER i. PROVIDE REHOTE START-STOP SWITCH SWITCH AT FCC {OR AT Fm
OFFICEP : I mW, 16.0 PERIMETER AT FCC (on AT Fm WHERE llO FCC IS
REOUlllEDI C/W OH-OFF- TlllP STATUS WllERE HO FCC lS llEOUIREDJ
'·· FA, IF 111rnooucw, SlfALL DE AT C/W ON-OFF-TRIP STATUS
LOW LEVEL 5. IF HOllE THAN 1 £lASEHENT THE VENT.
DUCT Fon EACll DASEMENT TO DE
INOEPENOENT.

OTHER GEN. REQUIREMENT FOR CARPARK MY

OTH[R G[N. REQUIRCMENT I. EVEN DISTRIDUTION OF FA I EA.
rCW- M'I \N BASEMENT 2. 50% OF EXHAUST GRILLE TO BE AT LOW LEVEL
\. SECOll\ll>.l\Y POWER surrLY . J. 5.0H SEPARATION BETWEEN SUPPLY AND EXHAUST AIR OUTLET.
2. 5.0 H SEPARATION DETWEEtl SUPPLY I. I,, DUCT SHALL DE 1.2 mm (MS OR GI) OR 0.9mm (SS)
EXllAUST OUTLET.
5, TO COMPRISE SUPPLY AHO EXHAUST PART IN MORE THAN
J. TO llAVE SUFFICIEtlT MAKE-UP OHE SECTIOH .
c. TO BE ELECTRICALLY INTERLOCKED a. EACH SECTION SHALL FORM 50% OF TOT AL FLOW
b. MAY OPERATE THROUGH COHHOH OUCT WORK IN THE SAME FLOO!l.
S. AUTO HA TIC S WITCll-OVE!l c, INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER SUCH THAT IF ONE FAIL, THE
S. FAH·TO Ol'[llATE AT ~OO'C? OTHER WILL COHTIHUE TO OPERATE
d. TO DE ELECTRIC All Y IHTERLOCKED SUCH THAT FAILURE OF
EXHAUST PART WILL SHUT OOWN THE CORRESPONDIHG SECTIOH
OF THE SUPPLY PART
e, AUTOMATIC SWITCH OVER TO THE SECONDARY POWER SOURCE.
f. FRESH AIR F AH MA YOE EXEMPTED IF OPENING EOUIVALEHT TO
2% OF FLOOR AREA IS AVAILAOLE AND OIST!l!OUTED EVENLY
g. FAN TO OPERA TE AT 250'C

'----------------------·--··-- -· ----- - -
 ,,

APPENDIX vn . SOME EXAMPLE OF FIRE-RATED & MASONRY DUCT

. OUTSIDE ROOM SERVED

F.A J\. K X }\_ )'... X Jl Xr..r.. A..A..A..A..""-"'

F.A 'F.A F.A
XXXXXX"><XX YXXXXAXXx
-1v-- ~~x rXxXX)(X~ ~xxx
xxx XX)(l<XXXXX
xxxxxxxxxK -4,-- --.;- --.;-
F.A F.A
+- +-
F.A F.A
~--1'- ~~~ x¥llJ\Y)()(11. .....+
F.A 0 r. F.A
+- AXxxxXX.X7 ....Jv--
-+
E.A FO FO
~
FD
~
FD E.A
)'xx
l')()(YV~
--+ +- )('>()()('
+-
A)'(..)\A. ,....,,-..,

-+ l~....J<
xxxxxxxx~
xx·"X../y~11 xxy~ y x y xv x ·w.'KxXA~
A -' A A

E.A E.A E.A E.A

+ .... F.A
-D.- --+ F.A
F .J\
FD
XXXX><XXXX
XX.XJ\XXX.X
r-;»; X"X ft J\ J\. J\ X .... --.;.-
FD FD
F.A OR ·------ F.A OR
---../'- - )'\,}'- r; .Y. J<: )(>I"'~ --..f-
+ .... FD
i~x,,,><~.j'
FD - FO
-Ar--
E.A FD E.A

NON-FIRE
COMPARTMENTED INTERIOR EXIT
DINING KITCHEN ROOM SFL OR STAIRCASE CORRIDOR

, llOTE : 1. DUCT SERVING ROOM WHICH NEED VENTILATION IN THE EVENT OF FIRE SHALL BE FIRE-RATED OR IN
~ · llASGNRY THIS INCLUDE ALL THOSE VENTILJ\ TION SYSTEM THAT REQUIRE SECONDARY POWER SUPPLY
. PLUS KITCHEN EXHAUST DUCT
2. MASONRY ENCLOSURE IS REQUIRED FOR THE FOLLOWING :
a. DUCT SEfWING INT. EXIT AND STAIRCASE
b, DUCT PASS THROUGH THE ABOVE AREA IN (a)
c. All • VEHTICAL DUCT PENETRATE THROUGH ONE OR MORE FLOORS AND
WHICll SERVE KITCHEN EXHAUST AND ALL HOOM REQUIRING SECONDARY POWER

3. TnEI\ T FLANMABLE I EXPLOSIVE STORE AS INTERNAL EXIT iT}-liS IS IMPLIED ANU NOT
A Sl'E.CIFIC REOUlflE.MENTl (SEE FIRE CODE)

~ MASONRY ENCLOSURE I COMPARTMENT

- FIRE RATED

FmE DAMPER

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