Chapter III

METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURE

This chapter discusses the method of research used, locale of the study, the

respondents, sample/sampling design, the data gathering techniques and instrument,

validation of data and the statistical treatment of data.

Method of Research Used

The study utilized the discriptive method of research. Descriptive research

according to Burns and Grove (2003), is a method that provides an accurate portrayal

or account of characteristics of a particular individual, event, or group in real life

situations. This type of research is conducted to discover new meaning, describe what

exists, determine the frequency with which something occurs, and categorize

information. In the words of shields (2006), she stated further:

“descriptive research is also called statistical research. The main goal of

this type of research is to describe the data and characteristics about what

is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to study

frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this

research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a

situation. Descriptive research is mainly done when a researcher wants to

gain a better understanding of a topic”.

 Research Site
Location Map
Sources of Data

Sampling Design
Descriptive method is used in the study using purposive sampling (Grove

& Burns, 2005).

Purposive sampling was the sampling method used by the researchers.

Data Gathering Techniques and Instrument

Interview. Btructured or unstructured interview was used in order to

determine the different perception of the participants to the contributing factors in

operating catering services among selected owners in Tabaco City, the questions

and answer given by the participants is a great help in the construction of the

study, although the question made is not typically used in the questionnaires.

Questionnaire. The questionnaire was the main toolused by this study in

data gathering. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of series of

items and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from the

respondents. Specifically, the researchers used the structured questionnaire.

Structured questionnaire is a questionnaire used in large surveys where specific

answers are anticipated. It includes the use of multiple choice and scaled

questions. It generates quantitative information (data), which can be analysed

statistically, and endeavours to remove any bias potentially originating from

either the researchers or the respondents (LLP, 2006).

Local Or Actual Observation. Is used to determine the clarity and

accuracy of the data taken from interview and questionnaires.

 Description of the Questionnaire. The instrument used was a structured

questionnaire developed by the researchers which consisted of a number of

items that the respondents have to answer in a set format. The questionnaire

developed consisted of two parts: the profile of the respondents and the

contributing factors in operating catering Services among Selected Owners in

Tabaco City.

Part I which is the profile of the respondents in terms of their age, sex and

civil status.

Part II consisted of three factors that might help the determination of the

participant in success indicators among Catering Services In Tabaco City.

The respondents indicated the agreement or disagreement to the listed

attitudes using the following response mode:

Rating Verbal
Scale Interpretation
4 Very Satisfactory (VS)
3 Satisfactory (S)

2 Fairly (FS)
Satisfactory
1 Unsatisfactory (US)

Scoring. The scoring and verbal interpretations of the responses were arranged

using the Likert-five point scale given below:

 Verbal
Rating Scale
Interpretation
4.20-5.00 Very Satisfactory (VS)
3.40-4.19 Satisfactory (S)
2.60-3.39 Fairly (FS)
Satisfactory
1.00-2.59 Unsatisfactory (US)

Validation of the Questionaire. The questionnaire used by the researchers was

developed by the group. It was initially drafted as a result of several readings and

consultations. The draft was presented to the researchers’ research adviser and Dean

of the College of BSBA for comments. Group sat together to improve and revise the

questionnaire and incorporated all suggestions that came out after the validation.

Administration of The Questionnaire. The researcher will seek permission

from the Dean of the College of BSBA. Upon approval, the researchers will administer

the questionnaires to the target participants. In the administration of the instrument, the

researchers will personally visit the family and will distribute the questionnaire.

Statistical Treatment of Data

After collecting the data needed, the researchers tabulated and analyzed

the gathered data with the help of statistical tools. The following are the statistical

tools used in this study together with their corresponding formulas.

1. The profile of the respondents was determined by using and

percentage, ranking and weighted mean (Trochim, 2006).

Percentage

F
(P)% = ─── x 100
N
Where: F = Frequency

N = total number of the respondents

P = percentage

Weighted Mean

Weighted mean is used in parts 2 and 3 , the formula

used is: WM = TWF/N

Where: WM = weighted mean

N = total number of responses

WF = weighted frequency