Introduction to

Pharmacy
 PHARMACY
“The Right Choice for a Promising Future”
 Pharmacy

The word ‘Pharmacy’ is derived

from the Greek work ‘Pharmakon’, meaning drug.
The word ‘Pharmacy’ has two meanings :
General sense – it is a place or shop where
drugs or medicines are sold.
Professional sense – it is the profession, the
members of which deal with drugs.
 Pharmacy is the art and science of
preparing, compounding and
dispensing medications . it also includes
more modern services related to health care and
the provision of
drug and related information to the
public.
So have a great role in diagnosis,
 Pharmacist
 A pharmacist is one who is educated and
licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and
to provide drug and related information to
the public-An expert on drugs.
“I am a Pharmacist
I am a specialist in medications
I am a custodian of medical information
I am a companion of the physician
I am a counselor to the patient
I am a guardian of public health
This is my calling
This is my pride.”
‘In short I am life saver’
Drug & Medicine
• A drug is any substance that
acts on the living body to
alter the physiological
process and are used for the
prevention, diagnosis and
treatment of diseases.

• A medicine is any drug

which has a definite form &
dose and are therapeutically
used for the treatment of
diseases of living subjects.
 Why choose Pharmacy?
 I want a dynamic, people-oriented career in health care.

 I want diverse employment opportunities.

 I want a flexible work environment.

 I want a comfortable income.

 I want to be part of a respected profession.

 WELCOME TO
PHARMACY PROFESSION

Pharmacy is not only an

occupation; it is now a well
recognized profession in most of
the countries.
Occupation and Profession :
Occupation : the job by which
somebody earns for living.

Profession : an occupation
characterized by –
– Extensive study
– Specialized training
– Specialized knowledge
– Professional organizations
– Ethical code & Professional behavior
– Process of certification or licensing.
Some examples of professions are
– Medicine
– Nursing
– Accounting
– Law
– Military
– Engineering
– PHARMACY etc.
Pharmacists are experts of drugs.
Pharmacists are members of pharmacy
profession dealing with all aspects of drugs.

• Preparation • Combination
• Identification • Analysis
• Selection • Standardization
• Action • Use
• Preservation • Counseling
• Sales • Information
 - CAREER OPPORTUNITIES -
• Pharmaceutical industry
♦ Production
♦ Quality control (QC)
♦ Quality assurance (QA)
♦ Research & development (R&D)
♦ Store
♦ Marketing ( local, global )
♦ Product management
♦ Regulatory affairs
♦ Pharmaceutical sales
representative ( PSR )
• Hospitals and clinics
♦ Hospital pharmacists
♦ Clinical pharmacists
• Community pharmacy
( retail pharmacy )
• Wholesale pharmacy
• Government services
♦ Regulatory affairs
♦ Drug testing laboratories
♦ Drug purchasing & distribution
♦ Military services
Production
Production
Production
QC
and
QA
QA and QC
 Tablets
• A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It
comprises a mixture of active substances and
excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or
compacted from a powder into a solid dose. The
excipients can include diluents, binders or granulating
agents, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure
efficient tabletting; disintegrants to promote tablet
break-up in the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours
to enhance taste; and pigments to make the tablets
visually attractive.
 Capsules
• Capsules are solid dosage form in which
medicaments are placed in a practically insoluble
gelatin shell.
The two main types of capsules are:
• Hard-shelled capsules, which are normally used for
dry, powdered ingredients or miniature pellets.
• Soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for
active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in
oil.
 Syrups
• Syrups are concentrated aqueous preparations
of a sugar or sugar substitute with or with out
added flavoring agents and medicinal
substance.
Types:
• Simple syrup
• Medicated syrup
• Flavoured syrup
• According to British Pharmacopoeia it is 66.7
% (w/w) and according to united states
pharmacopoeia it is 85% (w/v).
 Emulsions
• Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable
system of two immiscible liquids in which
phase is dispersed as globules into another
dispersion medium by using emulsifying
agent.

• e.g oil and water

 Suspension
• A pharmaceutical suspension is defined as a
coarse dispersion In which insoluble drug
particles are dispersed in a liquid medium by
using a suspending agent.
 Creams
• Creams are viscous or semi solid emulsions
intended for application on skin and mucous
membrane.
• Creams may be:
• Non- medicated as emollient.
• Medicated for specific action.
 Ointment
• Ointments are greasy semi solid preparations
for application to the skin

They may be:

• Medicated
• Non-medicated
 Parentral injections
• Parentral injectable preparations are those
preparations which are not meant for oral or
topical administration.
• Intradermal (ID)
• Intramuscular (IM)
• Intraosseous (IO)
• Intraperitoneal (IP)
• Intravenous (IV)
• Subcutaneous (SC)
• Intrathecal (IT) Injection into the spinal
Community pharmacy
• A pharmacy or drugstore or retail
pharmacy in industry terminology is the place
where most pharmacists practice the
profession of pharmacy. It is the community
pharmacy where the dichotomy of the
profession exists—health professionals who
are also retailers.
• ABCS (Assesment, Bottling, Counseling,
Surviellance)
 Hospital pharmacy

• It is the practice of pharmacy in hospital for

procurement, compounding, dispensing,
storage, sterilization of drugs under the
supervision of legally qualified, registered
pharmacist.
 Clinical Pharmacy
• Pharmacists provide direct patient care services that
optimizes the use of medication and promotes health,
wellness, and disease prevention.
Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all
health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy
movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics.
Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with
physicians and other healthcare professionals to
improve pharmaceutical care. Clinical pharmacists
are now an integral part of the interdisciplinary
approach to patient care.
They often participate in patient care rounds and
drug product selection.
The clinical pharmacist's role involves:
• creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan
for patient-specific problems (Avoid poly
pharmacy)
• identifying goals of therapy
• reviewing all prescribed medications prior to
dispensing and administration to the patient.
 COMPOUNDING PHARMACY
Compounding is the mixing of drugs by a pharmacist,
physician, or veterinarian to fit the unique needs of a
patient.

This may be done for medically necessary reasons,

such as to change the form of the medication from a
solid pill to a liquid
It may also be done for voluntary reasons, such as
adding favorite flavors to a medication

Compounding is the practice of preparing drugs in new

forms.
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 INTERNET PHARMACY
OR
ONLINE PHARMACY
Online pharmacies are pharmacies which operate over the
Internet.

Many such pharmacies are, in some ways, similar to

community pharmacies;
The primary difference is the method by which the
medications are requested and received.

Some customers consider this to be more

convenient than traveling to a community drugstore.
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 VETERINARY PHARMACY

Veterinary pharmacies, sometimes called animal pharmacies may

fall in the category of hospital pharmacy, retail pharmacy or mail-
order pharmacy.

Veterinary pharmacies stock different varieties and different

strengths of medications to fulfill the pharmaceutical needs of
animals

Because the needs of animals as well as the regulations on

veterinary medicine are often very different from those related to
people, veterinary pharmacy is often kept separate from regular
pharmacies.

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 Nuclear pharmacy

• Nuclear pharmacy focuses on preparing

radioactive materials for diagnostic tests and
for treating certain diseases. Nuclear
pharmacists undergo additional training
specific to handling radioactive materials, and
unlike in community and hospital pharmacies,
nuclear pharmacists typically do not interact
directly with patients.
 MILITARY PHARMACY

Military pharmacy is an entirely different working

environment due to the fact that technicians
perform most duties that in a civilian sector would
be illegal.

State laws of Technician patient counseling and

medication checking by a pharmacist do not
apply.
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 PHARMACY INFORMATICS
Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice
science and applied information science.

Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy,

however, they may also work in information technology
departments or for healthcare information technology vendor
companies.

As a practice area and specialist domain, pharmacy informatics is

growing quickly to meet the needs of major national and
international patient information projects and health system
interoperability goals. Pharmacists are well trained to participate in
medication management system development, deployment and
optimization.
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 Separation of prescribing from dispensing
In most jurisdictions (such as the United States),
pharmacists are regulated separately from
physicians.

These jurisdictions also usually specify that only

pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals
to the public, and that pharmacists cannot form
business partnerships with physicians or give them
"kickback" payments.

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 However, the American Medical Association
(AMA) Code of Ethics provides that physicians
may dispense drugs within their office practices as
long as there is no patient exploitation and patients
have the right to a written prescription that can be
filled elsewhere.

7 to 10 percent of American physicians practices

reportedly dispense drugs on their own.

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 In other jurisdictions (particularly in Asian
countries such as China, Malaysia, and
Singapore), doctors are allowed to dispense drugs
themselves..
The practice of pharmacy is sometimes integrated
with that of the physician, particularly in traditional
Chinese medicine.
In Canada it is common for a medical clinic and a
pharmacy to be located together and for the
ownership in both enterprises to be common, but
licensed separately
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 "Forensic Pharmacy
Forensic Pharmacy is the foundation
of the structure on which the sacred
profession of Pharmacy has been
built. It provides much needed legal
support, professional backing and
ethical strength for the systematic
growth of the profession.
 Forensic Pharmacy
• Drug Acts and Regulations
• Drug inspector role
• Forensic Scientist role
• Information regarding Membership of
1) PQCB
2) REGISTRATION BOARD
3) APPELLATE BOARD
4) Drug testing Laboratories etc
 TEACHING

• The emerging branch of

pharmacy demands highly
trained and skilled
pharmacist to educate the
new incoming students
who are willing to get their
degrees in pharmacy.
 FUTURE IN PHARMACY

• In the coming decades, pharmacists are expected

to become more integral within the health care
system rather than simply dispensing medication,
pharmacists will be paid for their patients care
skills.
Thank You