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CONTENT
2. Spelling of Words 66 – 7 0
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1. SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS
Abdicate: To give up a possession, claim or right (vlkekU;] vkfndkyhu)
(LosPNk ls NksM+uk] NksM+ nsuk) Syn : ancient, earliest, indigenous, native, original,
Syn :- abandon, abjure, abnegate primary, primitive
Ant :- retain, remain, claim Ant : foreigner, alien, stranger
Sentence: The people of the state do not wish to Sentence: The islands may have had left no trace of
abdicate their sovereignty to the agencies which serve the existence of their aboriginal inhabitants.
them. Abridge: condense or shorten (laf{kIr djuk] ?kVkuk)
Aberrant: abnormal or deviant (vlekU;] vuSfrd) Syn : abbreviate, condense, contract, curtail, diminish,
Syn : abnormal, atypical, bizarre, deviant downsize, precise
Ant : normal Ant : add, enlarge, expand, extend, increase, lengthen
Sentence: Given the aberrant nature of data, we came Sentence: The president can abridge the punishment
to doubt the validity of the entire experiment. of any culprit.
Abeyance: suspended action ({kf.kd vkjke] #dko) Abscission: cutting off; separation
Syn : discontinuation, dormancy, inactivity, intermission, (foxyu] viPNsnu] vyx djuk)
latency, suspension, adjournment, postponement. Syn : cutting, extirpation, removal
Ant : action, activity, continuance, continuation Ant : merge, assemble, collaborate
Sentence: Ideological disputes among his coalition Sentence: A number of methods are used to delay
members should have been kept firmly in abeyance. petal abscission artificially, including the use of
Ablution: washing (viektZu ty] iz{kkyu] /ksuk) chemicals.
Syn : cleansing, decontamination, purification Abstain: refrain; withhold from participation (cpuk@ls
Ant : dirty, corrupt, pollute nwj jguk] ijgst djuk)
Sentence: Ablution is cleansing with water as a Syn : avoid, constrain, curb, decline, refrain,
religious ritual. Ant : indulge, use
Abnegation: Self sacrifice (vkRefu"ks/) Sentence: Unless some opposition members abstain,
Syn : renunciation, denial, abstinence the budget may thus not get through.
Ant : Acquiescence, yielding, allowance Abysmal: bottomless (cgqr [kjkc)
Sentence: His abnegation of the privileges of his power Syn :bottomless,deep, endless, infinite, fickle,
is one of his merits. changeable.
Abolish: cancel; put an end to (mUewyu djuk] gVkuk) Ant : finite, shallow, slight
Syn : abrogate, annihilate, destroy, dissolve, end, Sentence: They are riddled by injury and playing for
eradicate, expunge pride and reputation after an abysmal start to the
Ant : continue, establish, promote, ratify, support season.
Sentence: He is determined to abolish the right of Acclimate: adjust to climate or environment;adapt
some defendants to opt for a trial by jury. (vknh gksuk] i;Zuqdfw yr gksuk)
Abominate: loathe; hate Syn : accommodate, accustom, habituate
(cgqr uiQjr djuk] ukialn djuk) Ant : ignore, neglect, indulge
Syn : abhor, despise, dislike, hate, loathe Sentence: The optional pre-stay allows guests to rest,
Ant : love, adore, cherish, like acclimate, and explore independently before their
journey begins.
Sentence: A politician who is revered by his supporters
and abominated by his enemies. Accolade: award of merit, recognition of
achievement (lEeku] ijqLdkj)
Aboriginal: being the first of its kind in a region
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heating & cooling (idkuk) Syn : afraid, discerning
Syn : harden, temper, thicken, toughen Ant : quiet, unafraid, unfearful, unsuspicious, unworried
Ant : soften, weaken Sentence: I’m feeling a bit apprehensive about the
Sentence: It’s often necessary to anneal glass test.
products. Appurtenances: subordinate possessions
Antecedents: preceding events or circumstances (lkt&lkeku)
that influence what comes later; ancestors or early Syn : addition, annex, appendix, attachment, component
background (iwoZpfjr) Ant : lessening, subtraction
Syn : ancestor, forebears Sentence: He escapes practically all the
Ant : descendant, after, following appurtenances of civilized modern life.
Sentence: It had long antecedents with clear Aquiline: curved, hooked (x:M+h;] x:M+ ds leku)
environmental causes. Syn : Roman-nosed, beaked, eagle like
Antiquated: obsolete; outdated (iqjkuk) Ant : straight
Syn : aged, ancient, antediluvian, antique, archaic Sentence: Bernice was embarrassed by her aquiline
Ant : forward-looking, modern, new, recent nose.
Sentence: The office is spare and impersonal, with a Arbiter: person with power to decide a matter in
somewhat antiquated feel. dispute (fu.kkZpd @ iap)
Apocalyptic: prophetic; pertaining to revelations Syn : judge
(Hkfo";lwpd) Ant : arguer, fighter
Syn : ominous, oracular, predictive, prophetic, revealing Sentence: Shall we ask Mr. Francis to be the arbiter?
Ant : insignificant, unimportant Arcade: a covered passageway, usually lined with
Sentence: We are highly hedonistic and apocalyptic shops (rksj.k iFk)
with our self centered needs. Syn : gallery, mall, passageway, walkway
Apologist: one who writes in defense of a cause or Sentence: Hap tic interfaces were first available to
institution (leFkZd) the public in the arcade.
Syn : pleader, polemicist, sophist Ardour: Zeal (mRlkg)
Sentence: He became his apologist when things Syn : Fervor, heat, passion, eager
started to go wrong. Ant : languid, lethargy
Apothecary: druggist (vkS"k/dkj) Sentence: Softly they sang, and sweetly, glancing at
Syn : dispenser, druggist Narada, at first with shy delight, and then with increasing
Sentence: It has a clean, almost apothecary ardour.
sparseness, with lots of sharp angles and galvanized Armada: fleet of warships (tgktksa dk csM+k)
steel and slate. Syn : fleet, flotilla, force, navy, squadron
Appellation: name; title (inoh@uke@mikf/) Sentence: The full armada docked at the port.
Syn : designation, label, nickname, sobriquet, title Arraign: charge in court; indict (nks"kh Bgjkuk)
Sentence: We used to call him “Danny,” but he recently Syn : blame, charge, criminate, inculpate, indict
let us know that he prefers the appellation “Daniel.”
Ant : discharge, exonerate, free
Appraise: judge, estimate (leh{kk] ewY;kadu) Sentence: Government officials used expansive libel
(SSC CGL 2011) laws to arraign journalists who criticized them.
Syn : adjudge, assay, assess, deem, evaluate, examine Artifact: object made by human beings, handmade,
Sentence: The realtor made an appointment to (f'kYio`Qfr)
appraise the house. Syn : relic
Apprehensive: fearful (vka'kdkoku] fpafrr) Sentence: The one problem is that these things are an
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artifact of quantization. Sentence: The Company lost many employees through
Asinine: stupid (cgqr eq[kZrkiw.kZ) attrition.
Syn : absurd, foolish, idiotic, inane, silly, sophomoric, Audacious: daring; bold (nq%lkglh] fuMj)
stupid (SSC CGL 2011)
Ant : brainy, bright, intelligent, smart, understanding, Syn : adventurous, bold, brassy, brave, courageous,
keen, sensible dauntless
Sentence: Your asinine remarks prove that this issue Ant : cautious, gentle, humble, meek, mild, modest,
is not serious for you. reserved, timid
Aspersion: slanderous remark (tyflapu) Sentence: He was too audacious to afraid from tiger.
Syn : abuse, animadversion, backbiting, calumny Augury: Omen (Hkfo";ok.kh)
Ant : happiness, kindness, mildness Syn : Forerunner, harbinger, prophecy, prognostication
Sentence: Thomas threw one aspersion after another Sentence: The Future teller sat in his throne of augury.
at Michael. August: impressive; majestic (egRoiw.kZ] xfjekiw.kZ)
Assimilate: cause to become homogenous (vkRelkr Syn : brilliant, eminent, exalted, glorious, grand,
djuk] lfEefyr djuk) grandiose
Syn : comprehend, digest, grasp, incorporate, ingest Ant : undignified
Ant : misunderstand, reject, unlearn Sentence: Manoj was impressed with the august
Sentence: It was difficult to get the new baby to surroundings of the farmhouse.
assimilate to his parents’ schedule. Autonomous: Self-governing (LorU=k)
Asylum: place of refuge or shelter; protection ('kj.k] (SSC CGL 2011)
ikxy[kkuk) Syn : Independent, sovereign, Free
Syn : cover, harbour, hideout, preserve, refuge, Ant : dependent, Servile, Slavish
Ant : open, uncover Sentence: Cars will then be virtually autonomous,
Sentence: He was concerned about other people who able to drive themselves without the motorist’s
have political asylum here. intervention.
Atrocity: brutal dead (vR;kpkj] u`a'klrk) Avarice: Greed (ykyp)
Syn : barbarity, enormity, heinousness Syn : covetous, cupidity, ravenous, rapacious
Ant : good behavior, pleasantry Ant : benevolence, generosity, philanthropy
Sentence: The evil witch performed one atrocity after Sentence: Because of his avarice, Thomas was willing
another. to kill his own mother to inherit the family fortune.
Attenuate: make thin; weaken B
(de djuk] detksj gksuk) Bacchanalian: one who drinks too much
(SSC CGL 2010) (e|ksRlo laca/h)
Syn : abate, constrict, contract, cripple, debilitate, Synonyms: alcoholic, bibber, boozer, dipsomaniac.
deflate, enfeeble Antonyms: abstainer, ascetic, teetotaler
Ant : expand, increase, intensify, strengthen Sentence: Vacationing students perform various
Sentence: There is also a limiter to attenuate sudden bacchanalian rituals during spring break.
loud noises. Badger: pester; annoy continually with demands
Attrition: reduction in the work force without firing (rax djuk] ihNk iM+uk)
employees (f?klkbZ] lfu?k"kZ.k)
Synonyms: annoy, bait, bug, bully
Syn : abrasion, depreciation, disintegration, erosion,
Antonyms: aid, help, please
grinding
Sentence: The way the lawyer was yelling and
Ant : building, strengthening
accusing the defendant I was sure he was badgering
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Antonyms: lengthiness, longevity, permanence Synonyms: abutment, prop, reinforcement, strut
Sentence: Simon’s poems were known for their Antonyms: let go, loosen, unfasten
brevity. Sentence: They are right but, to buttress their view,
Buffoonery: clowning (el[kjkiu] HkMSarh) they must establish a link between poor growth and
Synonyms: clowning, frivolity, prank, craziness, lunacy euro-area membership.
Antonyms: sobriety, tragedy C
Sentence: There are also moments when the scenes Cadaverous: pale, corpselike
are little more than buffoonery.
(foo.kZ] 'ko dk] 'ko tSlk)
Bulwark: strong wall built for defense Synonyms: ashen, bag of bones, bloodless, dead,
(izdkj] pkjnhokjh] dksV) deathlike, deathly
Synonyms: barrier, bastion, buttress, citadel, defense, Antonyms: flushed, lifelike, lively
embankment, fort Sentence: The hikers looked cadaverous after they
Antonyms: weak point, hinder were found a week later.
Sentence: They also serve as a natural bulwark against Cadence: rhythmic rise and fall
hurricanes and storm surges.
(rky] vkokt dk mrkj&p<+ko)
Bungle: mismanage; spoil by clumsy behavior
Synonyms: beat, measure, modulation, rhythm
(?kiyk] ?kMcM+)
Sentence The music had a slow but pleasing cadence.
Synonyms: blunder, botch, fumble
Cajole: persuade by praise or false promise
Antonyms: do well, fix, manage, succeed
(iqQlykuk] cgykuk] pkiywlh djuk)
Sentence: It was the result of a bungle that a
Synonyms: coax, wheedle, beguile, blandish, bootlick
bureaucratic rule-change misleadingly announced and
over-excitedly reported. Antonyms: bully, force, repel
Buoyant: able to float; cheerful and optimistic Sentence: The children will try to cajole their mother
into giving them more dessert.
(izlUu] iziQ
q fYyr)
Synonyms: floatable, supernatant, unsinkable, Calamity: disaster; misery (vkin] ladV)
weightless Synonyms: adversity, affliction, cataclysm, catastrophe,
Antonyms: heavy, weighted collapse
Sentence: Even so, the market continues to look Antonyms: advantage, blessing, boon, comfort, good
extremely buoyant on many measures. fortune, good luck, happiness
Burgeon: grow rapidly; grow forth; send out buds Sentence: When any calamity has been suffered, the
first thing to be remembered is how much has been
(iQVuk] dyh)
escaped.
Synonyms: blossom, bud, expand, flower, grow,
Callous: without sympathy for the sufferings of
increase, prosper, sprout, thrive
others (funZ;h] dBksj ân;)
Antonyms: shrink, shrivel, wither
Synonyms: apathetic, careless, cauterize
Sentence: In the last years of the nineteenth century,
an existing industry began to burgeon throughout the Antonyms: compassionate, kind, nice, sensitive,
state. sympathetic
Burlesque: give an imitation that ridicules; imitate Sentence: People’s response to our separateness can
be callous, can be good-hearted, and is always
mockingly (gkldj] etkd)
condescending.
Synonyms: caricature, comic, ironical, ludicrous, mock
Callow: youthful; inexperienced (vukM+h] vuqHkoghu)
Antonyms: original
Synonyms: immature, guileless, inexperienced, juvenile
Sentence: But the story is considerably expanded and
treated throughout in a burlesque vein. Antonyms: experienced, mature, sophisticated
Sentence: His failure in business is only due to his
Buttress: support; prop up (lgkjk)
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callow action. Antonyms: abstain, keep quiet
Cameo: shell or jewel carved in relief; star’s special Sentence: Leaders canvass at the time of election.
appearance in a minor role in a film Capitulate: surrender
(mRdh.kZ jRu) (gkj Lohdkj djuk] vkReleiZ.k djuk)
Synonyms: jewelry, adornment, anklet, diamonds, Synonyms: bow, cede, concede, give up
crown Antonyms: defend, fight
Sentence: The actor made a cameo appearance in Sentence: He has seemingly no escape, and must fight
the little known film. or capitulate.
Canard: unfounded false rumor; exaggerated false Capricious: unpredictable (vfLFkj] mFkyk)
report (>wBh viQokg)
Synonyms: fickle, arbitrary, careless
Synonyms: exaggeration, hoax, rumor, spoof
Antonyms: constant, sensible, steadfast, steady
Antonyms: honesty, truth, truthfulness
Sentence: Some are loving and good, while others are
Sentence: By repeating this false canard you provide capricious or demanding.
an interesting example of the tide of misinformation.
Caption: chapter heading; text under illustration
Candor: frankness; open honesty (Li"Vokfnrk) (vuq'kh"kZd] vuq'kh"kZd nsuk)
Synonyms: artlessness, directness, fairness, Synonyms: title, explanation, inscription, underline
forthrightness, guilelessness, honesty
Sentence: There was a descriptive caption beneath
Antonyms: artifice, deception, falsehood, guile, lying each picture.
Sentence: His candor is the characteristic that Cardinal: chief; most important (izeq[k] iz/ku] eq[;)
separates him from others.
Synonyms: central, chief, essential, first, foremost,
Canine: related to dogs; doglike fundamental
('okuh;] dqÙks ds tSlk) Antonyms: inessential, insignificant, minor, negligible,
Sentence: Their canine teeth are much more secondary, unimportant
prominent than ours. Sentence: Punctuality is one of the cardinal business
Canker: any ulcerous sore; ulcer; any evil virtues; always insist on it in your subordinates.
(u"V gks tkuk] fouk'kdkjh jksx) Carrion: rotting flesh of a dead body (ejk gqvk
Synonyms: bane, blight, blister, boil, corrosion, tkuoj] lM+k gqvk ekal)
corruption, lesion, sore, ulcer Synonyms: cadaver, carcass, deceased
Antonyms: blessing, boon, health, prosperity Antonyms: developing, flourishing, germinating,
Sentence: The purpose of this study is to examine how growing, improving, ripening
compounds produced in patients with canker sores Sentence: The Island was once inhabited by bald eagles
affect wound healing. that fed on fish and carrion but not foxes.
Cantankerous: ill-humored; irritable Catalyst: agent which brings about a chemical
(fcxMSy] fpM+fpM+k) change while it remains unaffected and unchanged
(vkostd] mRizjs d] eq[; Ïksr)
(SSC CGL 2010)
Synonyms: agitator, enzyme, goad, impetus, impulse,
Synonyms: bad-tempered, captious, choleric, cross
incentive, incitation, motivation,
Antonyms: easy, good-natured, happy, nice, pleasant
Antonyms: blockage, preventer
Sentence: The bear was always a little cantankerous
Sentence: The metal is coated with a platinum
in the mornings.
catalyst and placed in a device that allows methanol to
Canvass: determine or seek opinions or votes (oksV be drawn along the surface.
ekaxuk] i{k&izpkj djuk) Cavalcade: Parade (dkfiQys)
Synonyms: opinion poll, public opinion poll, analyze,
Synonyms: Drill, procession
examine
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Sentence: The dilapidated house at the end of the street Antonyms: harmony, agree, cooperation, accord,
is haunted. Sentence: Since the first meeting, discord has been
Dilettante: aimless follower of an art or a field of on the rise.
knowledge (dykizseh] vè;olk;h dykdkj) Discrepancy: Conflict (vlaxfr)
Synonyms: amateur, dabbler, unskilled Synonyms: difference, inconsistency, incongruity,
Antonyms: professional, capable, dexterous, gifted, variance
skillful, talented Antonyms: Agreement, concurrence, concordance,
Sentence: Although she is only a dilettante in the field harmony, consistency
of art, she has a genius for mathematics. Sentence: There is no discrepancy of opinion between
Diligence: steadiness of effort; persistent hard work my juniors and me.
(ifjJe] rRijrk] deZBrk) Discretion: prudence; ability to adjust actions to
(SSC CGL 2010) circumstances (vf/dkj] bZekunkjh] fopkj'khyrk)
Synonyms: assiduousness, briskness, carefulness Synonyms: acumen, attention, calculation, chary,
Antonyms: changeableness, idleness, indolence, sloth, circumspection
carelessness, slackness, laziness Antonyms: carelessness, thoughtlessness
Sentence: Diligence and ardor are necessary for Sentence: Everybody appreciates his discretion to
success in examination. adjust with his relatives and friends.
Diminution: lessening; reduction in size Discursive: Rambling (vla c¼)
(deh] pVh] ßkl) Synonyms: deviating, erratic, roaming, wandering
Synonyms: abatement, alleviation, decrease, deduction, Antonyms: Direct, straightforward, fixed
retrenchment, weakening Sentence: The political candidate was discursive
Antonyms: augmentation, increase, accretion, accrual, when asked what his position was on poverty.
addition Disembark: go ashore (from a ship); unload cargo
Sentence: Among the effects observed were a from a ship (mruk] tgkt ls mrkjuk)
reduction in teasing and a diminution of Synonyms: anchor, arrive, go ashore, land
destructiveness toward property. Antonyms: embark, get on, leave
Disavowal: denial; disclaiming Sentence: The repeat button pushers are likely trying
(vuaxhdj.k] vLohdj.k] budkj djuk) to accomplish the same thing to disembark as soon as
Synonyms: repudiating, disowning, abstaining, possible.
disallowance, disapproval, Disengage: uncouple; separate (NqMk+ uk] vyx djuk)
Antonyms: confession, affirmation, assertion, Synonyms: detach, disconnect, disentangle, disjoin,
declaration, attestation, corroboration dissociate, disunite, divide
Sentence: He sent message with a disavowal of his Antonyms: couple, engage, unite, join
arrival in the party. Sentence: Consequently, it is reasonably easy for me
Discomfit: put to rout; defeat; embarrass to disengage from any of them.
(ijs'kku djuk] ;kstuk Hkax djuk) Disgorge: surrender something (stolen)
Synonyms: frustrate, perturb, disconcert baffle, bother, (oeu djuk] fudky nsuk)
confound Synonyms: Eject, discharge, vomit
Antonyms: surrender, yield Antonyms: keep down, contain, restrain
Sentence: Younger siblings have an easy time Sentence: After overdirnking Manish started to
discomfiting their brothers and sisters. disgorge.
Discord: lack of harmony; dissonance Disingenuous: not naive; not candid (diVh] [kksVk)
(iwQV] vucu gksuk) Synonyms: crooked, cunning, deceitful, dishonest,
Synonyms: conflict, cacophony, disharmony, dissonance duplicitous, false, guileful
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Sentence: When she is more than 80, she will be a Sentence: It is melancholy and dour and not always
doddering old women. easy to follow.
Dogged: determined; stubborn; stubbornly Dubious: Doubtful (lafnX/)
persevering (gBh] ftíh) Synonyms: improbable, questionable, skeptical,
Synonyms: determined, tenacious, inflexible suspicious, unclear
Antonyms: docile, amiable, complaisant, gentle Antonyms: certain, definite, reliable, sure, doubtless
Sentence: The fear that he had forgotten something Sentence: They admitted the force of my argument
important dogged him all the way home. but remained dubious.
Dogmatic: Dictatorial, opinionated (gB/ehZ) E
Synonyms: bigoted, obstinate, obdurate, stubborn Ebullient: Excited and enthusiastic
Antonyms: amenable, flexible, manageable, obedient,
(ifjiw.kZ 'kfDr o mRrsftr)
submissive
Synonyms: agitated, buoyant, effervescent, effusive
Sentence: The old professor was dogmatic in his views
and would not admit error even when his mistakes were Antonyms: apathetic, disinterested, unenthusiastic
clear. Sentence: The children were in an ebullient mood on
Christmas eve.
Doldrums: Depression (mnklh] eanh)
Synonyms: apathy, blues, boredom, Eclectic: A collection of great variety
dejection, disinterest, ennui, gloominess (p;u'khy fofHkuu Ïksrksa ls pquus okykº)
Antonyms: gayness, humor Synonyms: assorted, broad, diverse, heterogeneous
Sentence: Due to indifferent attitude of the Antonyms: narrow, particular, specific, unvaried
Government there are doldrums every where in Sentence: He has an eclectic collection of stamps
society. and coins.
Doleful: Sorrowful (ekreh) Edict: decree, official command (vkns'ki=k)
Synonyms: Dejected, depressed, gloomy, lament, Synonyms: announcement, injunction, mandate
lugubrious, mournful, melancholy Sentence: The citizens welcomed this edict with joy
Antonyms: cheerful, elated, happy, joyful Edify: instruct or correct morally
Sentence: After the murder of the head of the family
(vkè;kfRed mins'k nsuk)
there is doleful enviornment.
Synonyms: advise, apprise, enlighten
Dormant: sleeping; temporarily inactive (lqLr)
Antonyms: confuse, puzzle, obscure, perplex
Synonyms: lethargic, latent, comatose, hibernating
Sentence: The purpose of the moral education session
Antonyms: active, awake, aware, conscious was to edify the outgoing class.
Sentence: The country is home to both inactive and
Efface: to rub out (feVkuk)
dormant volcanoes and is prone to earthquakes.
Synonyms: expunge, obliterate, remove, sanitize
Dotage: feeblemindedness of old age
Antonyms: retain, maintain, resurrect, regenerate
(o`¼koLFkk dh efr{kh.krk] lfB;kuk) Sentence: The dates on the inscriptions effaced over
Synonyms: decrepitude, fatuity, imbecility, infirmity, a period of time.
senility
Effete: weak and useless (v;ksX;] detksj] nqcZy)
Antonyms: childhood, strength, youngness,
Synonyms: impotent, barren, sterile, unfruitful
youthfulness
Antonyms: Powerful, capable, fertile, fruitful
Sentence: The victors, meanwhile, hung on to power
long into their dotage. Sentence: The committee was effete to translate the
plans into action.
Dour: sullen; gloomy; stubborn (dBksj] :[kk)
Efficacy: power to produce the desired effect
Synonyms: bleak, saturnine, stringent
({kerk)
Antonyms: bright, cheerful, happy
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Synonyms: adequacy, aptitude, competence, efficiency clear conlusion.
Antonyms: failure, inefficacy, inefficiency, Emaciated: very thin and malnourished
unproductiveness, uselessness, weaknes (nqcyk@o`Q'k@{kh.k)
Sentence: The efficacy of the solution that the scientist Synonyms: atrophy, attenuate, famished, gaunt
has provided can only be tested through a practical test. Antonyms: fast, heavy, plump
Effrontery: brazen, boldness Sentence: Listening the woes of emaciated children
(/`"V rFkk fuyZTt O;ogkj) was very painful.
Synonyms: audacity, gall, impudence, insolence Emancipate: to set free (ca/ueqDr djuk)
Antonyms: manners, modesty, shame, shyness Synonyms: liberate, manumit, release, unfetter
Sentence: He had the effrontery to admit in front of Antonyms: hold, imprison, incarcerate
the entire class that he himself was the cause of the Sentence: The emancipation of women was quite
entire problem. pronounced in 20th century.
Effusive: to be very expensive, extrovert Emasculate: to weaken (iksaxk)
(vf/d Hkkoq d ) Synonyms: alter, debilitate, deprive, mutilate
Synonyms: candid, communicative, expansive, profuse Antonyms: aid, assist, help
Antonyms: reserved, reticent, unfriendly, Sentence: The French socialist and communist
uninformative, unsociable literature was thus completely emasculated.
Sentence: He was effusive in her praise for the beauty. Embargo: any legal restriction of commerce
Egalitarian: advocating full political and social equity (O;kikj&izfrjks/ yxkuk)
for all people (lekurkoknh) Synonyms: censorship, injunction, limitation, prohibition
Synonyms: dispassionate, equable, impartial, Antonyms: allow, permit
unprejudiced Sentence: The aim is to lift the embargo on purely
Antonyms: unequal, unlike, unmatched, variable civilian items.
Sentence: Mahatma Gandhi believed in an egalitarian Embattled: in a condition of defence
society. (ijs'kkfu;ksa ls f?kjk)
Egregious: conspicuously bad, offensive Synonyms: active, aggressive, bellicose, combating
(csgn [kjkc) Sentence: It is not only church liberals who have felt
Synonyms: atrocious, adorable, heinous, nefarious embattled over recent decades.
Antonyms: minor, secondary, slight Embellish: to decorate something to make it
Sentence: The way they made a mockery of that attractive (ltkuk)
person was egregious. Synonyms: adorn, apparel, array, bedeck
Egress: an exit, emergence, a path (cgkj tkuk) Antonyms: deface, mar, spoil, disfigure
Synonyms: departure, doorway, escape, exodus Sentence: Don't embellish the tale with the
Antonyms: entrance superfluous
Sentence: Water issued from the egress in the wall. Embezzle: to siphon off funds (xcu djuk)
Elucidate: to make something clear (Li"V djuk) Synonyms: appropriate, filch, pilfer
Synonyms: annotate, clarify, exemplify, illuminate Antonyms: redeem, restitute, reimburse, compensate
Antonyms: obscure, mystify, ambiguous, confuse Sentence: A warrant has been issued for his arrest
Sentence: This book elucidates the history of India. because he has allegedly embezzled 120 million rupees.
Elusive: evasive (nqxzkZá) Embroil: to involve in a quarrel (my>kuk)
Synonyms: ambiguous, baffling, deceptive, fraudulent Synonyms: confound, derange, entangle, implicate
Antonyms: attracting, enticing Antonyms: exclude, uncomplicate
Sentence: His elusive statements will not help us to a Sentence: The two of them are soon embroiled with
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wine and women. than the poetry.
Embryonic: in a developing state (Hkw.kh;) Enigma: a riddle (igsyh)
Synonyms: blossoming, burgeoning, fledgling, Synonyms: bewilderment, parable, secret, sphinx
germinating Sentence: Don't have an enigma. Please say clearly.
Antonyms: developed, grown, mature Ennui: boredom (mQc)
Sentence: Embryonic stem cells are derived from the Synonyms: apathy, dejection, doldrums, languor
inner cell mass.
Antonyms: enthusiasm, excitement, liveliness, vigor
Emissary: agent (nwr) Sentence: In any event, changing perspectives also
Synonyms: ambassador, carrier, delegate, envoy fails to treat ennui.
Sentence: The PM dispatched an emissary to Bihar Enormity: very wicked act (Hk;kogrk)
to talk to the CM.
Synonyms: abomination, atrociousness, depravity,
Emollient: softening or soothing agent ('keudkjh) flagrancy
Synonyms: application, balsam, ointment, poultice Antonyms: goodness
Antonyms: intolerant, rigorous, severe Sentence: Enormity of the tragedy did not come all
Sentence: Emollient creams can be used to cleanse at once.
the skin during bathing. Enterprising: resourceful (mRlkgh] m|eh)
Empathize: to relate to another after being through Synonyms: active, adventurous, aggressive, ambitious
the same experience yourself Antonyms: inactive, passive
(lekuqHkwfr gksuk) Sentence: All these factors make businesses more
Synonyms: ally, associate, sympathize, understand enterprising and popular.
Sentence: Empathize with people dealing with such Enthrall: hold spellbound (eksfgr djuk)
problems but I refuse to enable them. Synonyms: enchant, capture, ravish, delight
Encomium: high praise (iz'kalk) Antonyms: bore, dull, weary
Synonyms: commendation, panegyric, salutation, tribute Sentence: I was utterly enthralled by a paperback I
Antonyms: censure, criticism, reprimand read recently.
Sentence: Only the people who like flattery are pleased Entice: lure (yqHkkuk)
with encomium. Synonyms: attract, beguile, entrap, inveigle
Endemic: prevalent in or restricted to a particular Antonyms: repel, dissuade, disgust
locality (LFkkfudk) Sentence: Enticed by prospect of being rich soon
Synonyms: indigenous, native, primary, primeval Mohan was ready to do any crime.
Sentence: Diseases that had been epidemic became Entreat: plead (vuqu;&fou; djuk)
endemic in urban centers.
Synonyms: beg, beseech, conjure, exhort
Enervate: to deprive of strength, force, vigour
Antonyms: command, demand
(grksRlkfgr djuk)
Sentence: Entreat the attention of the house to it.
Synonyms: debilitate, fatigue, incapacitate, weary
Enunciate: speak distinctly, articulate
Antonyms: activate, empower, invigorate, energize,
strengthen (Li"V :i ls dguk)
Sentence: The heat of June's afternon enervates any Synonyms: affirm, articulate, intone, modulate
one to continue work. Antonyms: mispronounce, muffle, mumble
Engaging: to be pleasant and interesting (fnypLi) Sentence: The priest enunciated all the mantras on
Synonyms: alluring, appealing, bewitching, captivating the eve of marriage.
Antonyms: boring, uninteresting Ephemeral: short lived ({k.kHkaxqj)
Sentence: I found the short stories more engaging Synonyms: episodic, evanescent, fleeting, transient
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Antonyms: enduring, everlasting, permanent, perpetual Antonyms: common, familiar, known, obvious, public
Sentence: It is said that life is ephemeral. Sentence: Esoteric Buddhism examines various extant
Epicure: one who enjoys and has a discriminating Japanese two world mandalas.
aste for fine food and drink (Loknyksyqi) Espouse: adopt, support (xzg.k djuk)
Synonyms: connoisseur, gastronome, gourmand, Synonyms: accept, advocate, champion, embrace
hedonist Antonyms: forsake, reject
Sentence: His daily living being very plain, he had a Sentence: The teaching of Lord Krishna is espoused
peculiar taste for sudden and isolated luxuries; he was by all the Hindus.
an abstemious epicure. Ethereal: light; heavenly (LofxZd)
Epitome: the best representative of something
Synonyms: aerial, celestial, exquisite, gossamer
(lk{kkr~ mnkgj.k)
Antonyms: earthly, worldly
Synonyms: apotheosis, archetype, embodiment,
Sentence: Ethereal creature awakens, from softened
exemplar
clay.
Antonyms: increment, expansion, lengthen,
Eulogy: to praise highly (iz'kalk)
enlargement
Sentence: We regret that we can only give a brief SSC CGL 2012)
epitome of this interesting document. Synonyms: acclaim, celebrate, exalt, panegyric
Epoch: a particular period of history (;qx) Antonyms: calumny, condemnation, criticism
Synonyms: era, interim, lifetime, span Sentence: A brief eulogy had been produced before
the PM arrived.
Sentence: His paper, published in 1847, marked an
epoch in the history of natural science. Evocative: to produce pleasant memories and
emotions (;kn rktk djus okyk)
Equanimity: calm and balanced (/S;Z)
Synonyms: implicative, mnemonic, nostalgic, redolent
Synonyms: aplomb, assurance, composure, detachment
Antonyms: forgetful,oblivious
Antonyms: agitation, alarm, anxiety, upset, worry
Sentence: I felt that the title needed to become more
Sentence: Every sensation is contemplated in perfect
evocative.
equanimity.
Exacerbate: to aggravate (pain, annoyance) (fcxkM+
Equivocal: uncertain, doubtful (vfo'oluh;)
nsuk)
Synonyms: ambiguous, ambivalent, dubious, evasive
Synonyms: annoy, enrage, exasperate, intensify
Antonyms: obvious, lucid clear, plain
Antonyms: aid, comfort, help, soothe
Sentence: However, this evidence should not be
Sentence: The speech of Kejariwal exacerbated the
considered equivocal.
planning of Anna.
Erudite: learned (fonoÙkk)
Excoriate: to criticize severely in public
Synonyms: cultured, educated, scholastic
([kky fudkyuk)
Antonyms: common, ignorant, uncultured, uneducated
Synonyms: berate, castigate, censure, chastise
Sentence: Every body knows that Dr. Rajendra Prasad
was an erudite. Antonyms: compliment, laud, praise
Sentence: The act of being indifferent to control price
Eschew: avoid (nwj jguk)
rising is excoriated by all.
Synonyms: abandon, abjure, abstain, evade
Exhume: dig out of the ground
Antonyms: embrace, like, love
(i`Foh [kksn dj fudkyuk)
Sentence: He focuses on the kernel, and on code and
quality, and almost completely eschews politics. Synonyms: disentomb, unearth
Esoteric: understand only by a chosen few (xksiuh;) Antonyms: bury
Sentence: I heard today that they’ve even exhumed
Synonyms: abstruse, cabalistic, inscrutable, obscure
the body of pope john!
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Synonyms: Decree, edict, injunction, dictum Antonyms: calm, comfort, peace
Antonyms: question, request Sentence: Before getting too flustered ask yourself
Sentence: Fiat reserve currency can accrue great some questions and see if you can figure out why this
economic benefits. is happening.
Fidelity: Loyalty (fu"Bk) Foment: Instigate (mdlkuk)
(SSC Auditor 2005) Synonyms: Provoke, spur, stimulate, agitate, arouse
Synonyms: faithfulness, devotion Antonyms: Discourage, dissuade
Antonyms: enmity, disloyality Sentence: In order to escape prison the prisoners had
Sentence: A single Webster will deliver stereo fidelity to foment a riot to distract the guards.
by just using one speaker. Forbearance: Patience (/S;Z)
Fiend: Evil, inhuman (fi'kkp) (SSC S.O. 2001)
Synonyms: demon, incubus Synonyms: tolerance, endurance, fortitude
Antonyms: angel, friend Antonyms: continuation, indulgence, intolerance
Sentence: He is so fiend that he can not be a good Sentence: He shows admirable forbearance in most
friend. of the critical situations.
Filch: To steal (pqjkuk) Forlorn: Sad and lonely (vlgk;)
Synonyms: pilfer, purloin, embezzle Synonyms: despondent, morose, doleful, despairing
Antonyms: give, contribute Antonyms: cheerful, happy, joy
Sentence: Modern writers generally filch the materials Sentence: Now the trees stand forlorn in the gathering
of eminents writers. gloom.
Finesse: Skill, expertise (pkykdh) Formidable: Threatening (Mjkouk)
Synonyms: Flair, knack, panache, adroitness Synonyms: intimidating, menacing, petrifying,
Antonyms: unskilled, artlessness, simplicity redoubtable
Sentence: He has no technical finesse so he can't Antonyms: feeble, friendly, harmless
operate a computer. Sentence: Nothing seems more formidable to me than
Flaccid: Flabby (f'kfFky) trying to climb over a bible verse.
Synonyms: sagging, drooping, infirm, slack Fortitude: Brave and calm (lkgl)
Antonyms: firm, tight Synonyms: courage, resilience, mettle, intrepidity
Sentence: His lack of facts made for a rather flaccid Antonyms: weakness, helplessness, cowardice
argument. Sentence: Fortitude of character is not always found
Flagrant: Outrageous, scandalous (fuUnuh;) in the most likely places.
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Antonyms: agreeable, happy, nice, complaisant Synonyms: confuse, distort, jumble
Sentence: Differences feel that things are getting a Antonyms: clear, plain, straight
bit fractious. Sentence: When he is nervous, his speech becomes
Fulminate: To criticize very angrily garbled.
(fctyh dh rjg dkSa/uk] vR;f/d vkykspuk) Gargantuan: huge (fo'kky] fo'kkydk;)
Synonyms: protest, rail, inveigh, thunder Synonyms: big, colossal, enormous, giant, gigantic,
Antonyms: compliment, defend, flatter, praise, support mammoth, massive
Sentence: People are compelled to fulminate the Antonyms: small, little, puny, dwarf
government for not checking price rising. Sentence: Three decades on, he does pretty much the
Fulsome: Exaggerated or excessive (mck nsuo s kyk) same thing, but on a gargantuan scale.
Garnish: decorate; add a garnish to
Synonyms: profuse, liberal, overdone
Antonyms: reasonable, sincere (laokuk] ltkuk] vyao`Qr djuk)
Sentence: He is in the habit of paying fulsome (SSC Auditor 2005)
compliments. Synonyms: adornment, ornament
Furbish: To renovate (pedkuk) Antonyms: deface, deform, disfigure, mar, spoil
Synonyms: furnish, equip Sentence: The garnish on the plate was really quite
artistic in its arrangement.
Antonyms: spoil
Sentence: The old temple is being furbished for the Garrulous: talkative (xIih] >Ddh] ckrwuh)
upcoming festivals. (SSC CGL 2012)
Furtive: Secretive and sly (xqIRk) Synonyms: loquacious, wordy, prattle, gossipy, chatty.
Synonyms: stealthy, secret, clandestine, covert, sneaky, Antonyms: concise, reserved, silent, taciturn,
surreptitious untalkative
Antonyms: open, frank, candid, direct Sentence: Philosophers are a garrulous and
argumentative species.
Sentence: At social gatherings she’s always lurking
on the edge of the proceedings looking slightly furtive. Gauche: clumsy (in social behavior); coarse and
uncouth (iwQgM+] iwQgM+ ;k Hkn~nk)
G
Synonyms: awkward, crude, graceless, ill-mannered
Gaffe: social blunder(vf'k"Vrk] xyriQgeh)
Antonyms: elegant, graceful, mannerly, polished,
Synonyms: faux pas, mistake, solecism, peccadillo refined, sophisticated
Antonyms: manners, civility Sentence: It was considered quite gauche to talk during
Sentence: Perry vows to stay in campaign after debate the symphony concert.
gaffe. Gavel: hammer like tool
Gainsay: to declare untrue or invalid (pqukSrh nsuk) (uhyke djusokys dh eqaxjh] Hkwfe dk yxku ;k dj)
Synonyms: opposed, contradict, refute, combat, negate, Synonyms: hammer, mallet
deny
Sentence: The judge rapped the gavel to gain order
Antonyms: agree, concur in the court.
Sentence: During the debate, one speaker tried to
Genesis: beginning; origin (vkjaHk fcanq] mRifÙk)
gainsay the opponent about each statement made about
the topic. Synonyms: birth, commencement, generation,
inception, opening, origin
Gamut: Entire range (laiw.kZ foLrkj)
Antonyms: cessation, closure, stop, termination,
Synonyms: area, diapason, scale, spectrum conclusion, end
Sentence: Dinkar depicts the gamut of human Sentence: The genesis of most poet’s poems lies in
emotions in his poem. their own emotions.
Garbled: mixed up (vLi"V)
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Geniality: cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy Synonyms: babble, chatter, jabber
(lTturk] lkSgknZ) Antonyms: sensible, straight talk
(SSC CGL 2011) Sentence: He toggles between gibberish and smut,
self-loathing and smack talk, but never quite manages
Synonyms: affability, agreeability, amiability, cordiality
to sound sincere.
Antonyms: aloofness, coldness, unfriendliness,
unhappiness Gingerly: very carefully (lko/kuh ls] /hjs ls)
Sentence: She recalled the geniality of someone who Synonyms: cautious, chary, circumspect, considerate
loved his family and earned the respect of people in the Antonyms: careless, inattentive
community. Sentence: He tried to reach Vaishno Devi temple
Genteel: well-bred (f'k"V] lH;] lq'khy) gingerly.
Synonyms: elegant, chivalrous, civil, courteous, Glare: shine intensely and blindingly
cultivated (peduk] jks'kuh)
Antonyms: rough, rude, uncultured, unrefined, Synonyms: blaze, dazzle, flare, glow
unsophisticated Antonyms: dullness, blackness, darkness, dusk
Sentence: Those are fighting words, in the ordinarily Sentence: It was difficult to see the road because of
genteel world of defense contracting. the glare of the sun on the windshield.
Gentry: people of standing (rank or position) (dqyhu Glean: gather leavings (cVksjuk] chuuk)
yksx] 'kjhiQ vkneh) Synonyms: accumulate, amass, garner, gather
Synonyms: aristocracy, high society Antonyms: disassemble, disperse, scatter, separate
Antonyms: commoners, crowd, masses Sentence: The bat can catch prey in flight, or may
Sentence: In that section of the country, most of the glean forage from vegetation and on the ground.
gentry own horses for a hobby.
Glimmer: shine erratically; twinkle
Geriatrics: medical treatment and care of old age
(>yd] fVefVekuk)
(tjkfpfdRlk)
Synonyms: glow, inkling, scintillation, shimmer
Synonyms: agedness, debility, decrepitude, dotage,
feebleness Antonyms: dullness
Antonyms: adolescence, childhood, infancy, youth Sentence: The sparkle of a lover’s secret or the
glimmer of a promise kept.
Sentence: Geriatrics is an increasingly important field
of study in medicine and science. Glossy: smooth and shining (pedhyk] fpduk)
Gesticulation: a deliberate and vigorous gesture or (SSC CGL 2011)
motion (vaxfo{ksi] b'kkjk) Synonyms: glassy, lustrous, polished
Synonyms: expression, gesture, mime Antonyms: unattractive, dull, unglazed, lackluster
Antonyms: immobility, repose, rest, stagnation, Sentence: The table was polished until it was clean
stiffness, stillness and glossy.
Sentence: The opening storm scene is over-the-top Glower: look or stare angrily
gesticulation under beautiful directorial control. (ozqQ¼ n`f"V] vka[ksa rjsj dj ns[kuk] rjsjuk)
Ghastly: horrible; terrifying; resembling ghosts Synonyms: glare, scowl, stare
([kjkc] fodV] e`R;q&lk) Antonyms: grin, smile, cheer
Synonyms: abhorrent, appalling, ashen, awful, Sentence: The child would often glower when the
cadaverous, frightening homework was too difficult.
Antonyms: attractive, pleasant, wonderful Glutinous: sticky (xksn
a tSlk] fpifpik)
Sentence: There was wild and ghastly scenery all Synonyms: viscous, gluey, adhesive, gelatinous,
around her, and a home and comfort nowhere. tenacious, thick
Gibberish: nonsense; babbling (cseryc 'kCn) Antonyms: nonadhesive, free, loose, separable,
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nonviscous. gratis.
Sentence: Bread dough can become a glutinous mass Grievance: cause of complaint
if you are not careful while kneading it. (f'kdk;r] vU;k;] nq[kgsrq)
Gnarled: twisted (xkaBnkj] eqMk+ gqvk] Vs<+k vkSj l[r) Synonyms: affliction, distress, grief
Synonyms: bent, contorted, crooked, deformed, Antonyms: compliment, flattery, praise
distorted Sentence: To have a grievance is to have a purpose
Antonyms: straight, unbent, untwisted in life
Sentence: The other painting showed a gnarled tree Grimace: facial distortion to show feeling such as
standing on the precipice in a rugged canyon. pain (nkar fudkyuk] eqag cukuk)
Gnome: underground spirit who guards treasure Synonyms: frown, smile, smirk
hoards (xM+s [ktkus dk j{kd ckSuk) Antonyms: grin, laugh, smile.
Synonyms: dwarf Sentence: Realizing the mistake, he made a mock
Antonyms: giant grimace, and an aide pointed the way.
Sentence: Most of these small gardens are beautifully Grisly: ghastly; horrifying (Mjkouh] Hk;kud)
kept and the garden gnome has pride of place.
Synonyms: appalling, dreadful, frightful
Gourmet: connoisseur of food and drink (Lokfn"V] Antonyms: nice, pleasing, pretty
Hkkstu ialn djus okyk] vPNs [kku&iku dk tkudkj) Sentence: So far there have been four such
Synonyms: epicure, connoisseur grisly killings and nine people have been arrested.
Antonyms: glutton, gorger, overeater, stuffer Grotesque: fantastic; comically hideous
Sentence: He considered himself a gourmet chef (valxr] fo"k;e] gkL;izn] cs<x
a k cuk gqvk)
because he could make some very fancy pastry
(SSC CGL 2010)
desserts.
Grandiloquent: using high sounding language Synonyms: abnormal, absurd, bizarre, eerie
(vkMacjiw.kZ] 'kCnkMacjiw.kZ) Antonyms: beautiful, nice, pretty, shapely
Synonyms: pompous, bombastic, inflated Sentence: While these tumors can appear grotesque,
not all are malignant.
Sentence: He talks in a grandiloquent and boastful
manner. Grouse: complain
Grapple: wrestle; come to grips with (f'kdk;r djuk] cM+cM+kuk] HkquHkqukuk)
(gkFkkikbZ] idM+uk) Synonyms: fuss, grumble, grouch
Synonyms: attack, battle, combat, encounter Antonyms: applaud, approve, praise
Antonyms: release, concord, harmony, peace. Sentence: Hunters speak of harvesting deer or ducks
or grouse or rabbits.
Sentence: They never grapple with ideas, or try new
ways of doing things Gruff: rough-mannered; (of a voice) rough
Gratify: please; satisfy (dBksj] ddZ'k] :[kk)
('kkURk djuk] iwjk djuk] larq"V djuk) (SSC Auditor 2011)
Synonyms: appease Synonyms: blunt, boorish, churlish, crude,
Antonyms: dissatisfy, annoy Antonyms: even-tempered, happy, nice, polite
Sentence: Students were never satisfied with the Sentence: Parents must not use a gruff language with
teacher because he never gratified them. their kids.
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occasional groan and guffaw. soon become hallowed.
Guile: deceit; duplicity (Ny&diV] /wrZrk) Hallucination: delusion; false idea
Synonyms: artfulness, artifice, chicanery, craftiness, (Hkze] Hkwy pwd] efrHkze)
cunning, deception Synonyms: aberration, illusion, mirage
Antonyms: honesty, naivety, openness, sincerity Antonyms: experience, fact, reality, truth
Sentence: The speaker seemed to be full of guile so I Sentence: Someone who travels in the desert might
did not believe a word of the speech have a hallucination of a swimming pool.
Gullible: easily deceived Hamper: prevent the free movement of
(Hkksyk Hkkyk] vklkuh ls mYyw cuus okyk) (ck/k Mkyuk] #dkoV iSnk djuk)
Synonyms: naive, innocent Synonyms: obstruct, hinder
Antonyms: astute, discerning, knowledgeable, wise Antonyms: free, liberate, release, untie, loosen
Sentence: He’s a guy who made hundreds of millions Sentence: It would hamper the runners if the
using fake science and cheap emotion to dupe gullible refreshment station was too close to the road.
juries.
Haphazard: random; happening in an unplanned
Gusto: eager enjoyment (vkuUn] mRlkg] tks'k) manner (vdLekr] la;ksx ls)
Synonyms: zest, enthusiasm, ardor, delight, enjoyment Synonyms: accidental, by chance, aimless
Antonyms: apathy, reluctance, unenthusiasm Antonyms: intentional, organized, planned
Sentence: He was in the middle of telling a tale with Sentence: First he made haphazard tangles of fibers
great gusto. activated by charged liquids.
H Hapless: unfortunate; luckless
Haggard: wasted away; gaunt (vHkkxk] csulhc] n;uh;)
(lq[kk gqvk] Fkdk gkjk) Synonyms: cursed, loser, unlucky, miserable
Synonyms: emaciated, faded, fatigued, gaunt, lank, lean Antonyms: fortunate, lucky
Antonyms: fresh, healthy, strong Sentence: Kicking the ball into your own goal was a
Sentence: After returning from office, he is found hapless mistake.
fully haggard. Harangue: long, passionate, and vehement speech
Haggle: argue about prices (in an attempt to (mxz Hkk"k.k nsuk] o.kZu)
bargain) (eksyHkko djuk] c[ksM+k djuk) Synonyms: diatribe, speech
Synonyms: argue, bargain, barter, deal Antonyms: silence, speechless, stillness, taciturn
Antonyms: agree, comply, concur Sentence: He’s a wonderful talker, who has the art of
Sentence: Your correspondent’s grandfather taught him telling you nothing in a great harangue.
always to haggle. Harbinger: forerunner (which foreshadows what is
Halcyon: calm; peaceful ([kq'kxokj) to come) (vxqvk] vxzxkeh)
Synonyms: gentle, happy, harmonious, quiet, soothing Synonyms: augury, forerunner, omen, portent,
Antonyms: excited, fierce, frenzied, rough, stormy, precursor
violent, wild Antonyms: follower
Sentence: My heart is like a rainbow shell that paddles Sentence: Oil prices are seen as an indication of
in a halcyon sea. current inflation, and gold prices a harbinger of future
inflation.
Hallowed: blessed; consecrated (ifo=k] izfrf"Br)
Harping: tiresome dwelling on a subject
Synonyms: anointed, beatified, blessed, holy, inviolable,
sacred, sacrosanct (chu ctkuk] fVdk jguk)
Antonyms: desecrated, irreligious, profane Synonyms: dwell, reiterate, repeat
Sentence: Controversial proposals, once accepted,
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Antonyms: composed, hesitant, submissive, grave always results in having a jocund time.
Sentence: Indian army has irrepressible strength and Jostle: Shove, bump (/ozQde/ozQdk)
courage. Synonyms: shake, crash, crowd, thrust
Irreverent: Disrespectful (vuknj;qDr) Sentence: Solar systems do not jostle each other in
(SSC T.A. 2004) space.
Synonyms: derisive, impudent, impertinent, insolent, Jovial: Good natured (mYykliw.kZ)
unholy Synonyms: frolicsome, cheerful, merry, jubilant
Antonyms: religious, respectful, holy Antonyms: solemn, morose, sad, melancholy
Sentence: He acted in an irreverent fashion towards Sentence: The mood seems naturally anxious but not
the guest speaker. grim, almost jovial, with people smiling.
J Judicious: Sound in judgment (U;k;laxr)
Jabber: Chatter rapidly or unintelligibly Synonyms: thoughtful, prudent, discerning
Antonyms: irrational, foolish, misconception, fatuous
(cUnj dh rjg cM+cMkuk)
Sentence: Work procedures should be very judicious
Synonyms: babble, chatter, ramble, utter
about how much they do.
Antonyms: silent, taciturn, uncommunicative
Juvenile: immature (fd'kksj)
Sentence: Why does that person insist on jabbering
Synonyms: Young, tender, youthful, adolescent
away in French.
Antonyms: dotage, antiquated, senile, old
Jaded: tired (Dykar)
Synonyms: Surfeited, fatigued, exhausted, languish Sentence: There availability of Juvenile court in India.
Antonyms: renewal, recreation, restorative, refreshed K
Sentence: Every time I go to Venice I expect to feel Kernel: central or vital point (eè;Hkkx] fxjh@nkuk)
jaded, waiting for the magic to wear off.
Synonyms: fruit, centre, core
Jaunty: Lighthearted (vYgM+) Antonyms: margin, edge, outside, boundry
Synonyms: animated, lively, hilarious, jocose Sentence: For two years, we have both been taking
Antonyms: depressed, lethargic, lifeless apricot kernels daily.
Sentence: A lick of fresh paint has given the old town Killjoy: spoilsport (etk [kjkc djus okyk)
an optimistic, almost jaunty air.
Synonyms: grouch, pessimist
Jeopardize: Put at risk ([krjs esa Mkyuk) Antonyms: optimistic
Synonyms: endanger, imperil, risk, threaten Sentence: When I was young I remember my mother
Antonyms: protect, save, guard referring to anyone who was a bit of a misery as an ‘
Sentence: Do not jeopardize the academic integrity old killjoy ‘.
of the course or program. Kindle: start a fire, inspire (izTofyr djuk)
Jettison: Through overboard (cks> fxjuk) Synonyms: flame, ignite, light
(SSC CGL 2010) Antonyms: extinguish, put out
Synonyms: abdicate, discard, expel Sentence: Kindle the flashlight.
Antonyms: take in, embrace, keep, retain Kindred: related, similar in nature or character
Sentence: The Sea of faith must not jettison this half (vkReh;)
of our tradition. Synonyms: relation, species, relative, family
Jocund: merry (ftankfny) Antonyms: unrelated, dissimilar, heterogeneous,
Synonyms: blithe, elated, jocular disparate
Antonyms: sad, solemn, morose Sentence: The people of UP and Bihar are Kindred.
Sentence: Hanging out with my high school friends Knave: Untrustworthy person (/wrZ)
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Synonyms: rogue, scoundrel, dishonest, vagabond Antonyms: quicken, accelerate, expedite, spurt
Antonyms: paragon, innocent, benefactor, idealist Sentence: For instance, the slight response lag with
Sentence: The person who drew up the agreement is wireless mice can be a problem for gamers.
either a great knave or a great fool. Lagoon: Shallow body of water near a sea ([kyht)
Knead: mix, work dough (xw/a uk) Synonyms: gulf, pool, pond
Synonyms: blend, squeeze Sentence: Each island is surrounded by a reef
Sentence: Lightly knead each piece into a ball, then enclosing a shallow lagoon.
flatten it with the palm of your hand. Lament: Grieve, express sorrow (foyki)
Knoll: little, round hill (Vhyk) (SSC Auditor 2001)
Synonyms: cliff, inclination Synonyms: grieve, deplore, regret, bemoan
Antonyms: flat, low ground Antonyms: amuse, entertain, enliven, solace
Sentence: In late afternoon, we climb to a rocky knoll Sentence: How long will your bitter lament grieve
above the town to enjoy an exquisite sunset on the lake. your lord who weeps?
Knotty: Tangled (tfVy) Lampoon: Ridicule (fuUnkys[k)
Synonyms: intricate, difficult, complicated, arduous, Synonyms: burlesque, caricature
onerous Sentence: I can neither lampoon, sing in tune; much
Antonyms: simple, manageable, tractable, flexible less can I intone.
Sentence: Short-term funding and lack of full cost Languid: Drooping, listless (eqj>k;k gqvk)
recovery are particularly knotty problems. Synonyms: pensive, lethargic, exhausted, fatigued,
Kudos: honour (;'k) lackadaisical
Synonyms: praise, acclaim, glory Antonyms: lively, animated, refreshed, restored
Antonyms: blame, criticism Sentence: They’re too similar in mood, both very
Sentence: The test team, along with the live team, languid and dreamy.
gets a huge kudos from me for that. Larceny: Theft (pksjh)
L Synonyms: burglary, crime, steal, pilfering
Labile: Likely to change (vLFkk;h) Antonyms: pay, return, give
Synonyms: unbalanced Sentence: It is always grand larceny, never petty.
Antonyms: balance, equilibrium Lassitude: Lethargy (FkdkoV)
Sentence: As with most enveloped viruses, the particle Synonyms: languor, tiredness, weariness
is relatively labile. Antonyms: vivacity, agility, animate, lively
Labyrinth: Maze, complexity (HkwyHkqyS;k) Sentence: Earlier this year he fell prey to a general
Synonyms: intricacy, perplexity, complication lassitude.
Antonyms: clarity, simplicity Laudable: Admirable (iz'kaluh;)
Sentence: The older is the Cretan labyrinth, whose Synonyms: deserving, honorable, praiseworthy,
classical form has seven circuits. acceptable
Laconic: brief and to the point (uik&rqyk) Antonyms: vicious, blame, worthy, venomous,
condemnable
Synonyms: brief, condensed, concise, compact
Sentence: This has the entirely laudable aim of
Antonyms: dilated, profused, diffuse, wordy, prolix
preventing the genocide of any group.
Sentence: A full and suitably laconic report of events
Lavish: Splendid (viO;;h)
will follow in March.
Synonyms: abundant, excessive, profuse, extravagant
Lag: Move slowly, delay (ihNs jg tkuk)
Antonyms: scarce, deficient, frugal, conserve, scanty
Synonyms: retard, falter, linger, dawdle
Sentence: It bestowed the honor of a very lavish
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triumph. Licentious: Amoral, lewd and lascivious (csyxke)
Lax: Slack, remiss (<hyk) (SSC CGL 2010)
Synonyms: careless, negligence, indifferent Synonyms: corrupt, lecherous, libertine, libidinous,
Antonyms: firm, reliable, meticulous, scrupulous lustful
Sentence: They had therefore become lax in what Antonyms: chaste, moral
they were offering to god. Sentence: The young girls chose to leave the park
Legerdemain: Sleight of hand (eDdkjh) because of the coarse and licentious men who
approached them.
Synonyms: chicanery, deceit, deception, trickery
Antonyms: reality, truth Linger: dawdle, continue or persist
Sentence: Every body is well known legerdemain, (nh?kZ dky rd jguk)
so nobody relies on him. Synonyms: loiter, prolong, hesitate, delay
Lenient: Mild, permissiveness (mnkj) Antonyms: hasten, quicken, dart, hurry
Synonyms: compassionate, merciful, moderate, tolerant Sentence: He lingered around the mall to avoid going
Antonyms: cruel, severe, violent, vehement home.
Sentence: Be not so severe as to cause disgust, nor Listless: Without energy (mnklhu)
so lenient as to make people presume. Synonyms: lazy, inattentive spiritless, incurious
Levitate: Float in air (mM+ tkuk) Antonyms: brisk, attentive, diligent, agile
Synonyms: Float, rise, fly Sentence: I gave up smoking on Monday and feel a
Antonyms: drop, lower bit listless in a way.
Sentence: Soon after taking off, the aeroplane began Loquacious: talkative (okpky)
to levitate. (SSC CGL 2011)
Liable: Answerable (mÙkjnk;h) Synonyms: chatty, garrulous, gossipy, verbose, prolix,
Synonyms: accountable, bound, responsible, likely wordy
Antonyms: unaccountable, apt to, irresponsible, exempt Antonyms: quiet, silent, reticent, uncommunicative
Sentence: Chief Officers should be vicariously liable Sentence: He sipped it with relish and soon became
for the actions of their officers. somewhat loquacious.
Libel: Act of writing something that smears a Lucid: Easily understood (pednkj)
person’s character (fuanys[k) Synonyms: sound, rational, coherent, sane
Synonyms: aspersion, calumny, defamation, denigration Antonyms: obscure, hidden, incomprehensible,
Antonyms: compliment, praise unintelligible
Sentence: He has filed a libel suit against the Sentence: The coverage of terrorist attacks is neither
newspaper. particularly lucid nor particularly complete.
Liberal: Progressive (mnkj) Lucrative: Profitable (ykHkizn)
Synonyms: Advanced, indulgent, broad Synonyms: advantageous, fruitful
Antonyms: narrow, conservative Antonyms: unprofitable, unproductive
Sentence: Always politically liberal, he was active in Sentence: He has started a new business which may
charity and political work. be proved lucrative for him.
Liberate: Give freedom (fjgk djuk) Ludicrous: Laughable (mQViVkax)
Synonyms: emancipate, free, rescue, unshackle, Synonyms: absurd, bizarre, preposterous, grotesque
absolve Antonyms: balanced, congruous, consistent, solemn
Antonyms: suppress, manacle, obstruct, detain Sentence: On the one hand, I think that sounds pretty
Sentence: By then large populations of slaves were ludicrous.
already liberated. Lugubrious: Mournful ('kksdkdqy)
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Synonyms: gloomy, pensive, sad, sorrowful Synonyms: benevolent, charitable, munificent, generous
Antonyms: cheerful, happy, encouraged Antonyms: greedy, malevolent, selfish, unkind
Sentence: After accident of the train there was nothing Sentence: The magnanimous king was generous and
but lugubrious voice every where. fair to all of his subjects, making sure that their troubles
Luminous: Shining, issuing light (izdk'k;qDr) were resolved and their needs were met.
Synonyms: illuminated, incandescent Malign: Hurtful; injurious (uqdlkunsg)
Antonyms: dark, dim, dull, gloomy Synonyms: baneful, deleterious, detrimental, noxious
Sentence: It is celebrated by making the place Antonyms: benign, helpful, aiding
luminous by arranging lights and burning the crackers. Sentence: The fashion industry is one of the sectors
Lunacy: Craziness, madness (ikxyiu) so often maligned because of the manufacturing
choices that design houses make.
Synonyms: delusion, insanity, madness, imbecility
Antonyms: normalcy, sanity, sagacity, shrewdness Masticate: Chew (pckuk)
Sentence: How can a simple man compete against Synonyms: grind, crunch, munch
such inspired lunacy? Sentence: Youngesters are generally found
Luscious: Delectable, delicious (lqLokn) masticating chilgum.
Synonyms: palatable, delicious, delectable, delightful Maudlin: Effusively sentimental (vfrHkkoqd)
Antonyms: unsavoury, tart, sharp, sour Synonyms: befuddled, confused
Sentence: I shall have to be on my guard as the broccoli Antonyms: calm, indifferent
is looking luscious. Sentence: This play maybe sad in tone, but is never
maudlin or cynical.
Luxuriant: Profuse (foyklh)
(SSC CGL 2010) Maverick: Rebel (vkokjk)
Synonyms: abundant, dense, plentiful Synonyms: nonconformist
Antonyms: scanty, meager, inadequate, deficient Antonyms: conformist, obeying
Sentence: At the time of which we write, the vegetation Sentence: There are, however, a few mavericks in
each box or items which would be better placed
of the isle was not very luxuriant.
elsewhere.
M Meddle: Intervene (gLr{ksi djuk)
Macabre: Gruesome, grisly (Hk;adj) Synonyms: interfere, invade, trespass
Synonyms: dreadful, frightening, ghastly, horrible Antonyms: bring together, join, unite
Antonyms: common, living, normal, pleasant, delightful Sentence: The lady liked to meddle in other people’s
Sentence: I have a very dark and sometimes macabre business.
sense of humor. Meek: Shy (uez] nCcw)
Machiavellian: Crafty, double-dealing (/wrZ) Synonyms: Docile, humble, soft, weak, modest
Synonyms: artful, cunning, deceitful, shrewd Antonyms: impertinent, aggressive, bold, brave,
Antonyms: gullible, kind, naive, honest confident
Sentence: He resorted to Machiavellian tactics in Sentence: The dad appeared to be meek in demeanor
order to get the job ahead of his adversaries. until the discussion of bedtime arose.
Maculated: Spotted (fprdcjk) Melodious: Sweet sounding (e/qj)
Synonyms: Mottled, stained, dirty Synonyms: dulcet, musical, harmonious, sweet
Antonyms: clean Antonyms: grating, dissonant, discordant, rancor
Sentence: The pompous young poet sang of the former Sentence: The bells were difficult to ring and not very
premier’s maculated brow. melodious.
Magnanimous: Kind hearted (mnkjpfjr) Mendacious: Dishonest (feF;k)
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Sentence: Parades can be fun, but too much parading Mutinous: rebellious (ckxh)
can make festivity look monotonous. Synonyms: recalcitrant, insurgent, unruly, revolutionary
Morbid: Given to unwholesome thought (vLoLFk) Antonyms: submissive, faithful, complaint, loyal
Synonyms: diseased, dreadful, depressed Sentence: During the journey some of the other
Antonyms: cheerful, happy, pleased, healthy convicts on board became mutinous.
Sentence: What might sound merely morbid is actually Mutual: Shared, common (vkilh)
strangely beautiful. Synonyms: joint, identical, correlative, reciprocal
Morose: Depressed, pessimistic (mnkl) Antonyms: separate, distinct, divergent, individual
Synonyms: dolorous, mournful, gloomy, melancholy Sentence: Mutual respect, on both sides, will remove
Antonyms: cheerful, happy, optimistic cultural fears.
Sentence: He created that depressing painting during
his morose period. N
Multitude: Large group (HkhM) Nascent: Incipient, coming into being (gksugkj)
Synonyms: crowd, throng, mass, swarm Synonyms: basic, fundamental, start, initial
Antonyms: minority, handful, paucity, scarcity Antonyms: grown, mature, developed
Sentence: The whole mural is surrounded by a Sentence: Nascent entrepreneurs for you to mentor
multitude of colorful flags. who will also provide feedback on your coaching skills.
Mundane: Ordinary (lk/kj.k] uhjl) Nasty: Disgusting (cqjk)
Synonyms: banal, commonplace, routine, trite Synonyms: offensive, defiled, malevolent, malignant
Antonyms: Exciting, extraordinary, wonderful, Antonyms: pleasing, gratifying, benevolent, attractive
supernatural, heavenly Sentence: My only criticism is that the artwork looks
Sentence: Listening to music makes mundane tasks a bit nasty.
more bearable. Native: Innate, inherent (ewy fuoklh)
Munificent: Giving, generous (nkuh) Synonyms: original, vernacular, indigenous, aboriginal
Synonyms: liberal, hospitable, benevolent, kind Antonyms: alien, extraneous, exotic, foreign
Antonyms: frugal, penurious, moderate, economical Sentence: These trees are referred to as non native,
Sentence: Munificent donors previously mentioned, or aliens.
the south wing has been called the Brooke wing. Nauseous: Distasteful (?k`.kkLin)
Murky: Gloomy, obscure (cnyh dk] xank) Synonyms: unsavoury, loathsome, abominable, repellent
Synonyms: dusky, dreary, dismal, bleak Antonyms: commendable, worthy, benevolent,
Antonyms: bright, shining, luminous, radiant inoffensive
Sentence: The water of river yamuna has become Sentence: I believe at the time it made me feel a little
murky nauseous.
Muster: Gather, assemble (eqvk;uk) Nebulous: Vague, cloudy (vLi"V)
Synonyms: aggregation, collection, group Synonyms: hazy, murky, unclear
Antonyms: division, separation Antonyms: clear, plain
Sentence: Muster the courage to read the book Sentence: Yet there is a broadening range of sites in
anyway. what is still new, and so nebulous, ground.
Mutilate: Maim; damage (vax&Hkax djuk) Nefarious: Bad, sinful (dqfVy)
Synonyms: dismember, vandalize Synonyms: detestable, atrocious, heinous, unlawful
Antonyms: fix, repair, mend Antonyms: commendable, worthy, upright, inoffensive
Sentence: The mass murderer mutilated his victims Sentence: It has a single drawback, it is somewhat
by cutting their faces once they were dead. nefarious.
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Obligatory: binding, required (vfuok;Z) Synonyms: outworn, archaic, antiquated
Synonyms: compulsory, binding, mandatory, necessary Antonyms: modern, novel, vogue, contemporary,
Antonyms: voluntary, nonessential renovated
Sentence: English is obligatory in almost all Sentence: The medium may become obsolete with a
competitive examinations. few years.
Obliterate: destroy completely (dkVuk) Obstinate: Stubborn, hard to control or treat (gBh)
Synonyms: annihilate, delete, erase, eradicate, Synonyms: stubborn, resolute, unyielding, obdurate
expunge, eliminate Antonyms: submissive, obedient, amenable, pliable
Antonyms: build, construct, create Sentence: They were quite obstinate in their opinions
Sentence: Beyond here the canal has been completely so most of the people shun them.
obliterated by open cast mining. Obstreperous: Noisy (izpaM)
Oblivion: obscurity, forgetfulness (foLej.k) Synonyms: boisterous, clamorous, vociferous
Synonyms: neglect, indifference, disregard Antonyms: calm, quiet, silent
Antonyms: awareness, consciousness Sentence: If they become obstreperous they often
Sentence: We were anchored at the foot of the division need several people to control them.
facing oblivion. Occlude: Shut (jksd nsuk)
Obloquy: slander, disgrace, infamy (cnxksbZ] cnukeh) Synonyms: close, hinder, block, prevent
Synonyms: calumny, aspersion, censure Antonyms: allow, help, permit
Antonyms: calmness, praise Sentence: The way has been occluded due to strike.
Sentence: The passion for wealth gives a kind of Occult: Mysterious (euksxr)
spurious courage to face obloquy. (SSC T.A. 2004)
Obnoxious: offensive (vizhfrdj] vkØked) Synonyms: latent, ambiguous, esoteric, elusive
Synonyms: pernicious, detestable, abhorrent Antonyms: intelligible, transparent, fathomable,
Antonyms: attractive, gratifying, beneficial, desirable scrutable
Sentence: I’m not usually, just to the idiots who pretend Sentence: He who studies the occult, studies all the
to be drunk and are so obnoxious. deepest mysteries of existence and nature.
Obscure: Not easily understood (vLi"V) Ominous: Threatening. (eugwl)
Synonyms: abstruse, ambiguous, vague, unclear Synonyms: threatening, inauspicious, forebode,
Antonyms: apparent, clear, explicit menacing
Sentence: His explanation of the problem was so Antonyms: consoling, auspicious, propitious,
obscure that no one understood it. comforting
Obsequious: Sycophant (pkiywl) Sentence: New ways of working for social work
sounds ominous.
Synonyms: servile, flattering, toadying
Omniscient: All knowing (loZK)
Antonyms: disinterested, proud, arrogant
Synonyms: Almighty
Sentence: He was so obsequious when the boss was
present, that his co-workers shunned him in disgrace. Synonyms: Ignorant
Obsidian: black volcanic rock (ykok dkWp) Sentence: I’m not omniscient, you need to tell me
how you are feeling if you want me to know.
Synonyms: dark, murky
Onerous: Burdensome (nqoZg)
Antonyms: while
Synonyms: arduous, troublesome, inconvenient,
Sentence: I spent ages staring out of my window at
formidable
the glassy, obsidian, black example I borrowed last
week. Antonyms: facile, agreeable, flexible, uncomplicated
Obsolete: outdated (vizpfyr) Sentence: Their strategic, social, economic, and political
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costs would prove onerous. Ostracize: Exclude from public favour
Opprobrium: Infamy, vilification (vdhfrZ) (lekt ls ckgj fudkyuk)
Synonyms: disgrace, blemish, disrespect, ignominous (SSC CGL 2010)
Antonyms: regard, respect, compliment Synonyms: ban, boycott, avoid, shun, expel
Sentence: Like any profession, architecture has its Antonyms: embrace, welcome, accept
villains and they deserve opprobrium. Sentence: Brother returned home, to find himself
Opulence: extreme wealth (vf/drk) permanently ostracized.
Synonyms: abundance, affluence, excess, prosperity Outlandish: Peculiar, unconventional (fofp=k)
Antonyms: poverty, insignificant, frugality, scanty, Synonyms: Bizarre, awkward, eccentric, erratic
meager, penury Antonyms: common, normal, ordinary, usual,
Sentence: The more variety the better - lots of different conventional
shape and sizes will give you a really opulent look. Sentence: The eccentric professor who engages in
Ordeal: Severe trial or affliction (vfXUk ijh{kk) markedly outlandish behavior is a stock figure in
Synonyms: affliction, anguish, agony, suffering novels.
Antonyms: happiness, pleasure Overweening: Presumptuous (vkRekfHkekuh)
Sentence: A long time heavy smoker he is suffering Synonyms: arrogant, haughty, conceited
the most terrible ordeal. Antonyms: modest
Orifice: Mouth like opening, small opening (fNnz) Sentence: His overweening pride in his
Synonyms: aperture, crack, vent, outlet accomplishments was not justified.
Antonyms: closing Overwrought: Extremely agitated, hysterical
Sentence: This is achieved by means of a counter (vfr mÙksftr)
balance chamber of similar area to the valve seat Synonyms: excited, agitated, ferment, intense
orifice.
Antonyms: quiet, tranquil, composed, cool
Oscillate: Vibrate pendulum like (fgykuk) Sentence: She became too overwrought because of
Synonyms: fluctuate, vacillate, waver the news of a sudden tragedy.
Antonyms: hold, persist, remain, stay
Sentence: It is interesting to note how public opinion
P
oscillates between the extreme of optimism and Palliate: To make a disease or an illness less painful
pessimism. or unpleasant (de djuk)
Osseous: Made of bone (gM~Mhokyk) Synonyms: Mitigate, assuage, alleviate,
Synonyms: hard, bony, skeletal Antonyms: denounce, condemn, reproach, reprehend
Sentence: The infant’s skull gradually closes as new Sentence: We should palliate the sufferings of the
osseous tissue fills in the gap. poor and the destitute.
Ostensible: Professed, pretended (izdV) Pallid: Faint in colour; pale (iQhdk] eqj>k;k)
Synonyms: apparent, evident, obvious, overt Synonyms: Wan, anaemic, ashen
Antonyms: concealed, covert, obscure, vague Antonyms: ruddy, lively
Sentence: The ostensible purpose of this expedition Sentence: The mirror showed her a face as pallid as
is to discover new lands. pies.
Ostentatious: Showy, pretentious (fn[kkoVh) Palpable: Tangible; Obvious (Li'kZuh;)
Synonyms: display, pretention, vaunt, pomposity Synonyms: Apparent, Blatant, perceptible
Antonyms: modesty, constraint, diffidence, economy Antonyms: concealed, obscure, intangible, covert
Sentence: Royal casino in Atlantic City is the most Sentence: The tension in the room was almost
ostentatious gambling place. palpable.
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Pandemic: A disease that spread over a whole Parlance: Manner of speaking or writing (cksy&pky)
region; wide spread (egkekjh) Synonyms: Jargon, phraseology
Synonyms: Rampant, pervasive Sentence: Under the communist, local councils
Antonyms: limited, controlled became, in official parlance, ‘agencies of the state
Sentence: A pandemic of the Spanish flu claimed authority’.
nearly 22 million lives worldwide. Parley: Discussion (ckrphr)
Pander: to cater to the low desire of others Synonyms: Consult, negotiate, deliberate
(cqjs dk;ksZa esa lgk;rk djus okyk) Sentence: Though the problem appears
Synonyms: Gratify, indulge insurmountable, I am sure that parleys can through up
some idea.
Antonyms: deny, refuse, satisfy
Sentence: He said that government had pandered to Parochial: Narrow in outlook (ladh.kZ)
the terrorists demands for too long. Synonyms: myopic, insular, sectional, narrow minded,
restricted
Panoply: A complete and magnificent array
Antonyms: broad, liberal
(/w e /ke] dop)
Sentence: They need to be better informed and less
Synonyms: Range, regalia
parochial in their thinking.
Sentence: The panoply of Maharana Pratap contains
Paroxysm: Sudden outburst as of laughter, rage
a shield that weighs around 20 kgs!
(vkosx)
Paragon: Model of perfection or excellence (vkn'kZ]
Synonyms: spasm, convulsion, outburst
izek.k)
Sentence: Later the same day, he exploded in a
Synonyms: Epitome, exemplar, nonpareil, quintessence paroxysm of rage, which continued for half an hour.
Sentence: We don’t expect all the candidates to be Parry: To ward off, avoid (jn~n djuk)
paragon of virtue.
Synonyms: Fend off, stave off, rebuff
Paramour: A lover especially in an adulterous
Antonyms: deal with, face, meet
relationship (izfs edk)
Sentence: She parried all questions about their
Synonyms: mistress, illicit lover
relationship.
Sentence: When Prince Charles wed his long time
Parsimonious: To be very stingy (fdiQk;rh)
paramour, it generated a considerable fus.
Synonyms: Miserly, niggardly, penurious
Paraphernalia: Collection of articles, stuff
Antonyms: generous, lavish, liberal
(viuh futh lkexzh)
Sentence: Mr. Scrooge is so parsimonious that he
Synonyms: accoutrements, accessories, odds and ends did not contribute even a penny to the Christmas charity
Sentence: Get rid of all cigarettes and ashtrays and collection.
other paraphernalia associated with smoking.
Passé: Out of date; old fashioned (vizpfyr)
Pariah: Person rejected by others, outcast Synonyms: archaic, obsolescent, antiquated, defunct
(lekt ls ckgj fudkyk x;k O;fDr) Antonyms: current, fashionable, modern, new
Synonyms: untouchable, leper Sentence: Her ideas on clothes are distinctly passé.
Sentence: For many years the country was treated as Paucity: Scarcity, dearth (deh)
a pariah by western governments.
(SSC CGL 2010)
Parity: Equality (lerk) Synonyms: meagerness, paltriness, scantiness
Synonyms: uniformity, consistency Antonyms: abundance, affluence, plenty
Antonyms: dissimilitude, inequality, imbalance Sentence: There is no paucity of natural resources in
Sentence: The Open University students are at parity India
with the state university students in terms of academic
Peculation: Misappropriation of public funds (xcu)
standards.
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Synonyms: Theft Sentence: Her father was in the army and the family
Antonyms: return led a peripatetic existence.
Sentence: The accountant was blacklisted for Pernicious: Causing great injury (gkfudkjd)
peculation of the firm’s funds. Synonyms: destruction, fatal, detrimental, deleterious,
Pecuniary: related to money (/u&laca/h) inimical, malevolent
Synonyms: monetary, fiscal, economic, budgetary Antonyms: innocuous, helpful
Sentence: She denies obtaining a pecuniary advantage Sentence: I did what I could, but her brokers influence
of deception. was pernicious.
Pejorative: Disparaging (ßkldkjh) Pertinacious: Stubborn (vkxzgh)
Synonyms: derogatory, denigatory, deprecatory, Synonyms: persistent, determined, tenacious, assiduous,
slanderous resolute
Antonyms: complimentary, positive, praising Antonyms: irresolute, tentative
Sentence: I agree I am ambitious, and I don’t see that Sentence: I wish you would not be so pertinacious
as a pejorative teerm. in your outlook.
Penance: Atonement (riL;k) Peruse: To read carefully (lkspuk)
Synonyms: expiation, reparation, amends Synonyms: scrutinize, inspect, examine
Sentence: Thousands of Pilgrims arrive in Varanasi Antonyms: neglect, overlook
every year to perform penance for their sins. Sentence: A copy of the report is available for you to
Penchant: A strong liking; Inclination (yxu) peruse at leisure.
Synonyms: Propensity, affinity, fondness, proclivity, Pervasive: spreading throughout (O;kid)
preference, predilection Synonyms: prevalent, ubiquitous, omnipresent
Antonyms: dislike, hatred, indifference Antonyms: limited, narrow, insignificant
Sentence: He had a penchant for playing jokes on Sentence: Until the self study documented all those
people. things I had no idea how pervasive they were?
Perdition: Complete and irreparable loss; complete Perversion: Corruption, Turning from right to wrong
ruin (ujdHkksx) (foo`Qfr)
Synonyms: Damnation, condemnation Synonyms: Depravity, wickedness
Antonyms: accomplishment, win Antonyms: decency, goodness, honour, kindness
Sentence: He was condemned to the perdition of his Sentence: What monstrous perversion of the human
own wrongdoing all through his life. spirit leads a sniper to open fire on a bus carrying
Perfidious: Faithless (csoiQk) children?
Synonyms: Treacherous, deceitful, duplicitous, Petulant: Childishly bad tempered (<hB] fpM+fpM+k)
treasonous Synonyms: irritable, irascible, fractious
Antonyms: faithful, moral, trustworthy Antonyms: happy, pleasant
Sentence: She now sees the public sector as full of Sentence: She could not stand his petulance anymore
perfidious politicians and cowardly civil servant. and got into the car and drove off.
Perfunctory: Superficial (csijokg) Philistine: A person who does not like or understand
Synonyms: cursory, shallow, uninterested, desultory art, literature, music etc.
Antonyms: careful, precise, thoughtful (ladqfpr fopkjokyk)
Sentence: She gives the list only a perfunctory glance. Synonyms: ignoramus, primitive, bourgeois
Peripatetic: Roaming (ifFkd) Antonyms: adventurous, inspired
Synonyms: Itinerant, roving, nomadic, ambulatory Sentence: She dismissed critics of her work as
Antonyms: fixed, settled philistines.
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Phlegmatic: A calm, sluggish temperament (lqLr) Poignancy: Quality that affects deeply and makes
Synonyms: calm, impassive, composed, serene one feel very sad (ekfeZdrk)
Antonyms: agitated, annoyed, excited (SSC CGL 2011)
Sentence: He is a men of phlegmatic attitude. Synonyms: pathos, piteousness, misery
Physiognomy: Facial features (eq[kko`Qfr) Antonyms: cheer, glee, happiness, joy
Synonyms: countenance, face, outlook. Sentence: After train accident the poignancy of the
scene was unexplainabul.
Sentence: He was fascinated by her physiognomy;
the prominent nose, brooding eyes and thick hair. Polemic: Argumentation (fooknkRed)
Pinnacle: peak, zenith, summit (f'k[kj) Synonyms: debate, contention, discussion
Synonyms: crest, apex, vertex Antonyms: accord, harmony, agreement
Antonyms: base, bottom, nadir Sentence: The book is both a history and a passionate
polemic for tolerance.
Sentence: John major has reached the pinnacle of his
political career. Poltroon: Coward (lkglghu] Mjiksd] L=kSu)
Placate: To appease, pacify, mollify (rq"V djuk) Synonyms: craven, sissy, henpecked
Synonyms: soothe, conciliate, propitiate Antonyms: brave
Antonyms: agitate, upset, worry Sentence: He was labeled a poltroon since he refused
to go out in the dark on his own.
Sentence: He smiled, and made a gesture intended to
placate me. Ponderous: Moving heavily and slowly
Plaintive: Mournful, sad (iQfj;knh)
(Hkkjh&Hkjde)
Synonyms: lumbering, cumbersome, graceless
Synonyms: wistful, doleful, melancholy, pitiful, piteous
Antonyms: airy, buoyant, delicate, light
Antonyms: cheerful, happy
Sentence: She watched the cow’s ponderous
Sentence: The plaintive cry was heard by all.
progress.
Plenary: Full, complete (iw.kZ)
Pragmatic: Practical (O;kogkfjd)
Synonyms: unconditional, comprehensive,
(SSC CGL 2010)
plenipotentiary, sweeping
Synonyms: Realistic, logical, expedient
Antonyms: incomplete, limited, partial
Antonyms: idealistic, unreasonable
Sentence: The council has plenary powers to
administer the agreement. Sentence: The Company took a pragmatic decision
based on local conditions.
Plentitude: Abundance, plenty (izpqjrk)
Precarious: Dependent upon chance, risky
Synonyms: profusion, plethora, cornucopia
(vfuf'pr)
Antonyms: insufficiency, need, lack, want
(SSC CGL 2010)
Sentence: The music brought him a feeling of
Synonyms: uncertain, insecure, hazardous, perilous
plentitude and freedom.
Antonyms: assured, undeniable, reliable, substantial
Pliable: Easily bent or molded, flexible (yphyk)
Sentence: The world is a precarious and an unstable
Synonyms: pliant, supple
place.
Antonyms: defiant, adamant, rigid, obdurate
Precocious: Showing premature development
Sentence: As babies grow bigger their bones become (vlkef;d)
less pliable.
Synonyms: gifted, talented
Plummet: To fall suddenly (vpkud fxjuk)
Sentence: She burst on the world tennis scene as a
Synonyms: tumble, plunge, nosedive precocious 14 year old.
Antonyms: ascend, rise Predispose: To give an idea beforehand, make
Sentence: In Tokyo, share prices have plummeted susceptible (vkxs ls Bhd djuk)
for the sixth successive day.
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Synonyms: lead, prompt, liable, make, vulnerable Synonyms: extravagant, lavish, spendthrift, profligate
Antonyms: discourage, dissuade Antonyms: careful, thrifty
Sentence: His attitude predisposes that he will cheat Sentence: They criticized the administration for its
a day. prodigal ways.
Preposterous: Absurd, ridiculous (csgwnk) Prodigy: A highly gifted child (foy{k.krk)
Synonyms: outrageous, ludicrous Synonyms: genius, mastermind, virtuoso
Antonyms: reasonable, sensible Antonyms: normal, average, mediocre, common
Sentence: The whole idea was preposterous. Sentence: The teacher pointed to prodigy of my
Presumptuous: To be forward and arrogant (/`"V) youngest son.
Synonyms: brazen, impertinent, impudent Progenitor: Ancestor (vxzxkeh)
Antonyms: unassuming, modest, bashful, unobtrusive Synonyms: antecedent, predecessor
Sentence: It would be presumptuous to accuse Antonyms: descendent
Mohan without having proof of his guilt. Sentence: He was the progenitor of a distinguished
Pretentious: Affectedly grand, Ostentatious family.
(vfHkekuh) Prognosis: A prediction, forecasting (iwokZuqeku)
Synonyms: Flashy, flaunty, grandiloquent (SSC CGL 2011)
Antonyms: humble, modest Synonyms: projection, prophecy
Sentence: His remorse was full of pretentious Sentence: Its my prognosis that he might be a bank
nonsense P O.
Prevaricate: To avoid giving a direct answer Proletarian: Ordinary working class people (Jethoh
(Ny&diV djuk) O;fDr)
Synonyms: equivocate, dodge, fence, beat about the Synonyms: bourgeois, plebeian, commoner
bush Antonyms: aristocratic, rich, luxurious
Sentence: The ministers continue to prevaricate. Sentence: I think that proletarian referendum decides
Pristine: In perfect condition, immaculate the rulling class.
(vifjofrZr) Proliferate: To increase rapidly (la[;k esa c<+uk)
Synonyms: unspoilt, spotless, flawless, unsullied Synonyms: multiply, burgeon, escalate
Sentence: We enjoyed losing ourselves in the pristine Antonyms: decrease, deplete, diminish
surroundings more than we enjoyed the competition.
Sentence: In recent year’s commercial, cultural, travel
Proclivity: A natural tendency or inclination, usually and other contacts have proliferated between Europe
a bad one (>qdko) and China.
Synonyms: Disposition, propensity, penchant, Prophylactic: Preventing or guarding against
predilection disease (jksx fujks/d)
Antonyms: disinclination (SSC CGL 2010)
Sentence: The government has a proclivity for Synonyms: precautionary, anticipatory, inhibitive
spending money.
Sentence: Vaccination and other prophylactic
Procrastinate: dawdle (Vkyuk) measures should be carried out on children.
(SSC CGL 2011) Propitiate: Conciliate (larq"V djuk)
Synonyms: Loiter, linger, tarry, wait Synonyms: Assuage, appease, mollify, pacify, placate
Antonyms: accelerate, advance, quicken Antonyms: Aggravate, incite, provoke, stimulate
Sentence: Winners don’t make excuses and they never Sentence: The criminal offered bribe to propitiate
procrastinate. the police officer and release him.
Prodigal: Recklessly wasteful (fiQtwy[kpZ) Prosaic: Dull and not showing any imagination
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(uhjl) Puissant: Powerful, strong (l'kDr)
Synonyms: mundane, trite, humdrum, lackluster Synonyms: potent, mighty, stalwart
Antonyms: creative, imaginative, interesting Antonyms: impotent, ineffective
Sentence: His instructor offered a more prosaic Sentence: A puissant man’s influences are awesome.
explanation for the surge in John’s interest. Pulchritude: Physical beauty ([kwclwjrh)
Proscribe: To forbid (cfg"dkj djuk] fu"ks/ djuk) Synonyms: comeliness, attractiveness
Synonyms: banish, outlaw, prohibit, embargo Antonyms: ugliness
Antonyms: solicit, include, permit, sanction Sentence: Catherine’s pulchritude took my breath
Sentence: Usually the government proscribes some away.
unlicenced drugs. Punctilious: careful (ckjhfd;ksa ij è;ku nsus okyk)
Proselytize: To try to persuade others to accept (SSC CGL 2011)
different religions or beliefs (/ekZUrj.k djuk) Synonyms: Conscientious, scrupulous, meticulous,
Synonyms: evangelize, convert, recruit precise
Antonyms: hold, remain Antonyms: inattentive, incautious, informal
Sentence: I assured him we had not dropped in to Sentence: The teacher corrected the essay in a very
proselytize. punctilious manner, criticizing the student for even the
Protean: Very changeable, versatile (cgq:fi;k) slightest mistakes.
Synonyms: variable, kaleidoscopic, fluctuating Purgatory: remorse, state of suffering
Antonyms: stable, unchangeable ('kqf¼ dk LFkku)
Sentence: He is a protean stylist who can get anyone Synonyms: torment, affliction, tribulation
attracted. Sentence: Getting up at 4 o’clock in the morning is
Protégé: Person receiving protection and support sheer purgatory.
from patron (vkfJr) Purport: To claim, intent (vfHkizk;)
Synonyms: trainee, apprentice, charge Synonyms: import, allege, profess
Antonyms: leader Sentence: The book does not purport to be a complete
Sentence: He had been a protégé of Captain Singh. history of the period.
Provenance: Origin or source of something Pusillanimous: frightened, cowardly
(mRifÙk LFkku) (detksj fny okyk)
Synonyms: pedigree, etymology, roots Synonyms: fainthearted, timid, timorous
Antonyms: end, finish Antonyms: bold, brave, courageous
Sentence: The provenance of this trickle is a complete Sentence: The authorities have been too
mystery. pusillanimous in merely condemning the violence.
Puerile: Childish, suitable for child rather than an Putrid: Decaying and therefore smelling very bad
adult (cpdkuk) (lM+k gqvk)
Synonyms: infantile, juvenile, adolescent Synonyms: rotten, decaying, putrefied, decomposing,
Antonyms: wise, profound, sensible fetid
Sentence: Concert organizers branded the group’s Antonyms: fresh, perfumed
actions as puerile. Sentence: The drains were overflowing with garbage
Pugnacity: Combativeness, aggression (>xM+kywiu) and the putrid stench was almost unbearable.
Synonyms: belligerence, hostility
Q
Antonyms: defense, resistance
Quack: An untrained person who practices medicine
Sentence: He is known for his fearlessness and
fraudulently (uhe gdhe)
pugnacity.
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Synonyms: Charlatan, mountebank, imposter, fraudster Antonyms: exciting, unusual
Antonyms: genuine, original, real Sentence: Television has become a part of our
Sentence: I have got a check-up with the quack next Quotidian existence.
week.
R
Quaff: To drink a large amount of something with
relish (,d gh lkal esa ihuk) Raconteur: storyteller (c;ku djusokyk)
Synonyms: guzzle Synonyms: narrator
Antonyms: eject, vomit Sentence: He spoke eight languages and was a noted
raconteur.
Sentence: They spent the evening quaffing
champagne. Ragamuffin: Person wearing tattered clothes
Quagmire: wet, boggy ground, a difficult or (iQVsgky)
inextricable position (nyny) Synonyms: Urchin, vagrant, waif
Synonyms: Quandary, dilemma, imbroglio Antonyms: Sophisticate, dandy, stylish, modern.
Antonyms: blessing, solution, success Sentence: A few peopole are bound to be ragamuffins
in India.
Sentence: His people had fallen further and further
into the quagmire of confusion. Raiment: Clothing (iks'kkd)
Quandary: Dilemma; perplexity (vka'kdk) Synonyms: Attire, dress, clothes.
Synonyms: predicament, impasse Sentence: I want nothing but raiment and daily bread.
Antonyms: advantage, certainty, solution Rampant: Growing in profusion; unrestrained
Sentence: Sumit was in quandary should he go or (vfu;af=kr)
not? Synonyms: Uncontrolled, excessive, exuberant,
Querulous: Complaining, whining (foykih) pandemic, prevalant
Antonyms: Controlled, limited, restrained
(SSC Auditor 2005)
Sentence: Swineflue has become rampant in South
Synonyms: fretful, irascible, peevish, petulant
Delhi.
Antonyms: cheerful, happy
Rancid: Having the bed smell, spoiled (cklh)
Sentence: He complained in a querulous voice about
having been woken up. Synonyms: stale, putrid, foul, noxious
Quiescent: Inactive, inert (ekSu) Antonyms: perfumed, sweet
Sentence: There was a rancid smell coming from the
Synonyms: latent, dormant
kitchen.
Antonyms: active
Rancour: A continuing and bitter hate (fon~o"s k)
Sentence: We decided to spend our weekend in the
quiescent seaside of Panama Beach. Synonyms: malice, spite, malevolence, animosity
Quintessence: The perfect example (lkjrRo) Antonyms: kindness, love, respect, sympathy
Sentence: She learned to accept criticism without
Synonyms: embodiment, exemplar, epitome
rancour.
Sentence: The temple was the quintessence of
Rankle: To make feel angry or upset for a long time
ancient art.
(iduk)
Quixotic: imaginative ideas or plans (foy{k.k)
Synonyms: annoy, nettle, infuriate, pique
Synonyms: impractical, idealistic, utopian
Antonyms: delight, please
Antonyms: practical
Sentence: Sunidhi refused to marry Ramesh still
Sentence: He has always lived his life by a hopelessly
rankles with him.
quixotic code of honour.
Rapacious: Plundering, greedy (ykyph)
Quotidian: Ordinary; common (nSfud)
Synonyms: avaricious, ravenous, usurious
Synonyms: daily, standard, typical
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Antonyms: benevolent, generous Antonyms: straight, vertical
Sentence: The oil fields have been depleted by a Sentence: He lies recumbent in his armor on a bed
rapacious exploitation policy. of pebbles, looking eerily alive.
Ratification: Approve formally (vuqleFkZu) Redolent: Sweet smelling (lqxfU/r)
(SSC Auditor 2003) Synonyms: fragrant, aromatic
Synonyms: Confirm, verify, sanction, permission Antonyms: noxious, putrid, stale, stinking
Antonyms: rejection, repudiation Sentence: The drawing room is in the oldest part of
Sentence: After many months and many negotiations, the property, still redolent with 17th century character.
the ratification of the treaty was accomplished. Redoubtable: Formidable; Fearsome; imposing
Ravage: To destroy violently; ruin (uk'k) (ngyk nsus okyk)
(SSC Auditor 2005) Synonyms: Daunting, indomitable, resolute, doughty
Synonyms: pillage, devastate, demolish Antonyms: friendly, harmless
Antonyms: aid, assist, help, protect Sentence: Australia will be a redoubtable opponent
Sentence: For two decades country has been ravaged in the finals.
by civil war and foreign intervention. Refractory: Obstinate; unmanageable; disobedient
Ravenous: Wildly hungry; Voracious ({kq/krqj) (gBhyk@vfM+;y)
Synonyms: starved, famished, insatiable, gluttonous Synonyms: Obdurate, recalcitrant, intransigent,
intractable
Antonyms: full, satisfied
Antonyms: manageable, obedient
Sentence: Amy realized that she had eaten nothing
since leaving Bruton Street and she was ravenous. Sentence: He was a refractory priest who refused to
side with the king.
Recalcitrant: Resistant; stubborn; unmanageable
(vfM+;y) Regale: To entertain; amuse (izlUu djuk)
Synonyms: intractable, rebellious, mutinous, refractory Synonyms: fascinate, captivate, beguile
Antonyms: amenable, obedient, passive Antonyms: bore, tire
Sentence: Recalcitrant employer might seek to argue Sentence: He regularly regales friends with
that the union does not come with clean hands. humorous stories.
Recluse: Hermit, Solitary (cSjkxh) Relic: Something left from an earlier time (vo'ks"k)
Synonyms: Ascetic, monk, introvert Synonyms: vestige, trace, artifact
Antonyms: extrovert Sentence: These precious relics were surely taken
without consent in the first place.
Sentence: The 5th duke was an eccentric recluse,
who shunned visitors. Remiss: Negligent; Derelict (csijokg)
Reconnaissance: Surveillance by army Synonyms: irresponsible, careless, lackadaisical
(tklwlh ns[k&Hkky) Antonyms: careful, scrupulous, thoughtful
Sentence: I shall always regret that I was so remiss.
Synonyms: surveillance, exploration, examination
Sentence: The helicopter was returning from Remonstrate: To protest (mykguk)
reconnaissance mission. Synonyms: Expostulate, complain
Rectitude: Integrity, honesty, uprightness (vktZo) Antonyms: agree, concede
Synonyms: Righteousness, equity, scrupulousness Sentence: He remonstrated with the referee about
his dismissal.
Antonyms: dishonesty, infamy
Sentence: There’s big ambition, deep resentment, and Renege: to go back on (budkj)
fiscal rectitude. Synonyms: default; repudiate
Recumbent: Lying down (ysVk gqvk) Antonyms: admit, approve
Synonyms: leaning, reclining, prostrate, supine
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Rigmarole: A long and complicated procedure to Sentence: We should not, however, be too sanguine.
get something (csfljiSj dh ckr] vuki&'kuki) Satiate: To satisfy fully (ifjr`Ir)
Synonyms: ceremony, ritual, procedure Synonyms: Quench, slake
Sentence: I had no wish to go through the whole Antonyms: deprive, dissatisfy
rigmarole again and so I nipped the problem in the Sentence: It is too hot today and even cold water does
bud. not satiate our thirst.
Ruddy: Looking red and healthy (xqykch gksuk) Saturnine: Gloomy (xexhu)
Synonyms: Rubicund Synonyms: morose, somber, melancholy, lugubrious
Antonyms: pale, pallid Antonyms: cheerful, happy, nice, pleasant
Sentence: He had a naturally ruddy complexion, even Sentence: He painted all the walls in his house a dull
more flushed now from dancing. lead grey that perfectly matched his saturnine
Ruse: Artifice, Stratagem, Poly (pky) personality.
Synonyms: Trick, tactic, contrivance, subterfuge Savant: A learned person; eminent scholar (fo}ku~)
Antonyms: honesty, openness, truthfulness Synonyms: philosopher, guru, solomon
Sentence: She tried to think of a ruse to get him out Antonyms: amateur
of the house. Sentence: Savant skills appear very early in life,
creating the appearance of genius or prodigy.
S
Scourge: Severe suffering or trouble
Sadistic: Inclined to cruelty (ijihM+u&dkeqd)
(pkcqd ls ekjuk] yksdda.Vd] vkiQr)
Synonyms: brutal, barbarous, perverted, vicious
Synonyms: affliction, bane, curse, misfortune
Antonyms: Humane, kind, merciful
Antonyms: advantage, benefit, boon, blessing
Sentence: He took sadistic pleasure in taunting the
boy. Sentence: The inspector ordered the constable to
punish the thief with scourge.
Sagacious: showing good judgment and
understanding (es/koh) He is the scourge of all mysterious events.
Synonyms: wise, discerning, astute, perspicacious Scurrilous: Foul-mouthed (viekutud)
Antonyms: careless, foolish, ignorant, stupid Synonyms: Abusive, indecent, lewd, obscene, ribald
Sentence: He is regarded as a wise and sagacious Antonyms: clean, polite, decent
leader. Sentence: His father was a scurrilous man of ill
Salacious: lustful (dkekrqj) repute and never honoured anywere.
Synonyms: lecherous, wanton, obscene, ribald Sedentary: Requiring sitting; desk bound (vklhu)
Antonyms: pure, spiritual Synonyms: inactive, stationary
Sentence: Keep your kids away from salacious fellow. Antonyms: active, energetic, mobile
Salubrious: Clean and healthy (LokLF;izn) Sentence: The work at the typing institute mad him a
sedentary worker.
Synonyms: wholesome, salutary
Sedition: Rebellion against the government in power
Antonyms: insalubrious, unhealthy, unwholesome
(jktnzkgs )
Sentence: The promotion of salubrious hair is a
Synonyms: revolt, mutiny, insurrection, fomentation
popular issue in women’s magazine articles of this era.
Antonyms: loyalty, harmony
Sanguine: Cheerful and confidant about future
(vk'kkoknh) Sentence: If the banners and flags are shifted about,
sedition is afoot.
Synonyms: optimistic, bullish, hopeful
Sedulous: Diligent; Assiduous (ifjJeh)
Antonyms: despondent, pessimistic, depressed,
despairing Synonyms: meticulous, industrious, punctilious,
Antonyms: inactive, languid, lethargic
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Sentence: You must be a sedulous student if you want Synonyms: unkempt, sloppy, disheveled
to memorize new vocabulary. Antonyms: clean, ordered, organized
Senility: Mental weakness caused due to old age Sentence: The church ways are kept in a very
(cq<+kik) slovenly manner.
Synonyms: dotage, infirmity, decrepitude Solicitous: Showing attention or concern (fpark'khy]
Antonyms: adolescence, childhood, infancy, youth è;ku j[kus okyk)
Sentence: His somewhat senile mind was striving for (SSC CGL 2010)
forgotten memories. Synonyms: considerate, thoughtful, interested
Sepulcher: grave; tomb (lekf/) Antonyms: unafraid, unworried
Synonyms: vault, mausoleum, crypt Sentence: He seems to be solicitous about his friend's
Sentence: The sepulcher of Emperor Akbar is at health.
Fatehpur Sikri Spasmodic: sporadic; periodic (vfu;fer)
Sequester: To set apart (i`Fkd) Synonyms: intermittent, fitful, erratic, irregular
Synonyms: separate, isolate, seclude Antonyms: resting, uninterrupted
Antonyms: combine, unite, join Sentence: His spasmodic study cause of his failure
Sentence: In some cases this could be larger than the in the examination.
amount of carbon sequestered in trees. Specious: Seeming right or true but actually wrong
Serenity: The quality or state of being calm ('kkafr) (fn[kkSok] mQij ls vkd"kZd)
Synonyms: sangfroid, placidity, tranquility Synonyms: misleading, deceptive, fallacious, sophistic,
Antonyms: agitation, disruption, excitement, trouble casuistic
Sentence: The only hotel of us asked the royal Antonyms: real, true, valid, credible
Caribbean crystal serenity last. Sentence: In my opinon he has no command over
Sinuous: Bending; winding (Vs<k+ ) subject. His boasting has a good teacher is wholly
specious.
Synonyms: circuitous, serpentine, meandering
Antonyms: straight, untwisted, unwinding Splenetic: Bad tempered and angry (ozQks/h)
Sentence: The mountanious course of a river is Synonyms: peevish, cross, fretful, petulant, irascible
sinuous . Antonyms: kind, peaceful
Slander: Defamation (cnukeh) Sentence: Normally sweet and kind, she had a
splenetic side that occasionally showed itself.
Synonyms: calumny, libel, aspersion, vilification,
disparagement Sporadic: On and off (fNViqV)
Antonyms: applaud, approve, commend, exalt Synonyms: intermittent, irregular, occasional,
Sentence: Let us not slander our intelligence to that spasmodic
degree. Antonyms: constant, continuous
Sleight: Skilled; dexterity (/wrZrk) Sentence: Flowers grown in different soils show
sporadic growth spurts.
Synonyms: adroitness, deftness, nimbleness
Antonyms: innocence, honesty Spurious: Counterfeit (cukoVh)
Sentence: Sleight of hand magic has won him (SSC CGL 2010)
numerous awards all over the country. Synonyms: Deceptive, false, fake, unreal
Sloth: lazy and unwilling to work (lqLrh) Antonyms: authentic, genuine, real, true
Synonyms: lethargy, torpidity, indolence, lassitude Sentence: His claim of success with the cheerleader
was spurious.
Antonyms: active, diligent, hard working, industrious
Sentence: Sloth is his habit. Spurn: To reject or refuse in a proud way
Slovenly: Careless; untidy (eSyk&dqpSyk) (frjLdkj djuk)
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Sentence: There is so little to go on, we can only Tedium: a state of boredom or monotony
surmise what happened. (uhjlrk] mckmQiu)
Surreptitious: Clandestine; private, hidden Synonyms: boredom, tediousness, dullness
(Ny ls fd;k gqvk) Antonyms: amusement, animation
Synonyms: Covert, secret, stealthy, furtive, concealed Sentence: Scientists are arguing that tedium is good
Antonyms: open, public, candid for your brain.
Sentence: He made a surreptitious entrance to the Temerity: boldness; rashness
club through the little door in the brick wall. (nqLlkgl] xqLrk[kh] vfoosd)
T Synonyms: boldness, brass, carelessness, daring,
effrontery, foolhardiness
Taciturn: habitually silent; talking little
Antonyms: care, caution
(vYiHkk"kh] pqi)
Sentence: The temerity of Ram to propose worngly
Synonyms: silent, uncommunicative, reticent, quiet cuased his punishment.
Antonyms: communicative, fluent, talkative, wordy, Tempestuous: stormy; violent; impassioned
Garrulous
(vaf/;kjk] rwiQkuh] izp.M)
Sentence: He was as grave and taciturn as some
cave-keeping anchorite. Synonyms: agitated, blustering, boisterous, excited,
furious, gusty, heated
Taint: contaminate; cause to lose purity
Antonyms: calm, gentle, mild, moderate
(nwf"kr djuk] dyafdr djuk)
Sentence: The moon had been up for some time, but
Synonyms: defect, flaw, pollute, poison had been quite concealed by tempestuous clouds.
Antonyms: cleanliness, perfection Tensile: capable of being stretched (ruu)
Sentence: Let us remove the taint which poisons the
Synonyms: adjustable, bending, ductile, elastic,
very spring of our religious thought.
extensible, extensile, flexile
Taper: very thin candle; gradual decrease in the
Antonyms: brittle, inflexible, resistant, rigid, stiff,
width of a long object (iryh eksecÙkh] mQij dh vksj unbendable
iryk gksrk tkuk) Sentence: Tensile wires permit a larger spacing
Synonyms: abate, dwindle, fade, lessen between posts.
Antonyms: go up, increase, rise, enhance, enlarge, Tepid: lukewarm; slightly warm
extend
(cseu ls fn;k x;k] mRlkgghu] xquxquk)
Sentence: Slowly taper off into retirement income and
Synonyms: apathetic, disinterested, halfhearted,
that long good night.
indifferent, languid, mild, moderate
Tardy: slow; not on time (<hyk] nh?kZlw=kh] /hek)
Antonyms: cold, hot, agog, arctic, ardent, avid,
Synonyms: dawdling, delayed, dilatory, sluggish benumbed, bitter, bleak, chill
Antonyms: early, on time, prompt, punctual, ready Sentence: Use only tepid water and a micro-fiber cloth
Sentence: Of course there will be exceptions when to clean mirrors.
you have no choice but to be tardy. Therapeutic: curative (mipkjkRed] fpfdRlk lac/a h)
Tawdry: cheap and gaudy Synonyms: curative, healing, corrective, remedial
(?kfV;k] fn[kykoVh] HkM+dhyk) Antonyms: adverse, damaging, deleterious, detrimental,
Synonyms: crude, flaring, flashy, flaunting, garish, harmful, infectious, injurious
gaudy Sentence: On several occasions interviewees told me
Antonyms: nice, sophisticated that they found the interviews therapeutic.
Sentence: Granite, or marble, or bronze would seem Thermal: pertaining to heat; producing heat
tawdry addition to those sublime altars of humanity. (xje ikuh dk] m".krk lEcU/h)
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Synonyms: heated, hot, scorching against tyrany.
Antonyms: cool, temperate Tirade: long angry denunciatory speech
Sentence: The thermal cameras will also pick up any (funakRed ckrsa ;k fuankRed izcU/)
changes in temperature. Synonyms: anger, berating, censure, condemnation,
Thespian: pertaining to drama diatribe, harangue, invective
(ukV~; lac/a h] vfHkusrk) Antonyms: calm, harmony, peace
Synonyms: artist, character, entertainer, star Sentence: The customer responded with a verbal
Antonyms: normal, ordinary, undramatic tirade directed at the manager’s foreign origin.
Sentence: Her success in school play convinced her Titillate: tickle; excite pleasantly
that she was destined for a thespian career. (xqnxqnkuk] lgykuk] mÙksftr djuk)
Thrifty: careful about money; economical (fdiQk;rh] Synonyms: amuse, arouse, stimulate
ferO;;h) Antonyms: disenchant, repulse, turn off
Synonyms: conserving, frugal, mean, parsimonious Sentence: Titillate the curiosity of a medieval
Antonyms: extravagant, spendthrift, uneconomical, audience.
wasteful Torpor: lethargy; sluggishness
Sentence: The children of the rich are privileged, but (vdeZ.;rk] vkyl] fBBqjkgV)
many who do not carry a balance on their cards are
Synonyms: apathy, disinterest, dormancy, drowsiness,
simply prudent or thrifty.
dullness, idleness, inactivity, languor
Throttle: regulate the speed of with a throttle Antonyms: ambition, ardor, attention, attentiveness,
(xyk ?kksVa uk] lkal jksduk) awareness
Synonyms: smother, strangle, strangulate, suppress Sentence: During winter it enters torpor every where.
Antonyms: restore, resuscitate, revive. Torque: force producing rotation
Sentence: There’s a tiller handle with a twist throttle (lksus ds rkjksa dk cukq gqvk ,d dk.Bk] vk?kw.kZ cy)
similar to a motorcycle on the steering handle. Synonyms: force, revolution, turn, twist, twisting force
Thwart: block or hinder Sentence: For the angular momentum principle, the
(jksduk] O;FkZ dj nsuk] vkM+k r[rk] Vs<k+ ) change in angular momentum is equal to the net torque.
Synonyms: baffle, balk, check, circumvent, curb Torrent: rushing stream
Antonyms: aid, assist, encourage, forward, help (ckSNkj] ewlyk/kj] o"kkZ] ty izokg)
Sentence: Working to thwart departments is working Synonyms: deluge, downpour, effusion, flood
against yourself. Antonyms: dribble, drip, drought, trickle
Timidity: lack of self-confidence or courage Sentence: Half of the country was affected badly by
(?kcjkgV] Mj) torrent.
Synonyms: bashfulness, quiet, reserve Tortuous: winding; full of curves
Antonyms: assurance, audacity, backbone, boldness,
(dqfVy] ?kqekonkj] tfVy] isphnk)
bravery
Synonyms: circuitous, convoluted, crooked, curved
Sentence: You must lose your timidity for your
Antonyms: direct, linear, simple, straight
successful future.
Timorous: fearful; timid; demonstrating fear Sentence: The calculations can be complicated by the
tortuous accounting used to calculate the private-equity
(Mjiksd] Mjk gqvk)
industry’s returns.
Synonyms: apprehensive, faint, fainthearted, fearful,
Tractable: easily managed
hesitant, meek, shrinking
Antonyms: bold, brazen (lqfo/ktud] vklkuh ls izHkkfor gksus okyk)
Sentence: A timorous person never raises voice Synonyms: acquiescent, complaisant, controllable,
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docile, facile Synonyms: adversity, affliction, ordeal, distress
Antonyms: balky, contrary, contumacious, defiant, Antonyms: alleviation, assuagement, comfort,
determined, disobedient consolation, relief, solace
Sentence: The narrowing of focus allowed Sentence: Divine inspiration, alas, has given way to
concentration on problems that were more legal tribulation.
tractable and applicable. Trifling: trivial; unimportant (NksVh] rqPN)
Transcribe: copy; write a copy of (izfrfyfi djuk) Synonyms: dabble, dally, dawdle
Synonyms: copy out, duplicate Antonyms: active, all-important
Sentence: Please transcribe what was taught in the Sentence: Yet the difference in age was trifling, and
class. in education slight.
Transparent: permitting light to pass through freely Trinket: cheap jewelry
(lPpk] fu"diV] ikjn'khZ) (rqPN oLrq] gydk xguk] lLrk vkHkw"k.k)
(SSC T.A. 2004)
Synonyms: knickknack, bauble
Synonyms: cellophane, clear, diaphanous, glassy,
Sentence: The prize is a cheap trinket, worth far less
gossamer
than the money you paid for it.
Antonyms: ambiguous, clouded, cloudy
Trite: common place (f?klk&fiVk] th.kZ] iqjkuk)
Sentence: It is transparent, with no obvious colours
(SSC CGL 2010)
except for some small brownish spots.
Synonyms: banal, common, hackneyed
Transitory: transient; impermanent
Antonyms: absorbing, animating, energizing, engaging,
({k.kHkaxqj] {kf.kd] uk'koku] vfuR;) engrossing, exciting, extraordinary
Synonyms: impermanent, Ephemeral, Evanescent, Sentence: Under the first scratch of the surface the
transient, fleeting topic of network cables appears to be trite.
Antonyms: continuing, deathless, durable, endless, Truculence: aggressiveness; ferocity (mxzrk)
enduring
Synonyms: aggression, attack, bellicose, belligerence
Sentence: Senate opposition to this treaty or to some
similar agreement is probably transitory. Antonyms: affability, amenability, amiability, amicability
Sentence: Economists predict that greed will quickly
Travail: strenuous work; labor of childbirth
wear down foreign investors’ truculence.
(dM+h esgur djuk] izloihM+k)
Turgid: swollen; distended (as from liquid) (vkMEcjh]
Synonyms: agony, anguish, childbirth, drudgery, iwQyk gqvk] lwtk gqvk)
exertion, suffering
Synonyms: bloated, distended, inflated, puffy
Antonyms: alleviation, amusement, assuagement,
Antonyms: collapsed, deflated, healthy
comfort, consolation
Sentence: Students are smart enough to see the Sentence: The canvas was much too broad and turgid,
the details too numerous and complex.
pressures under which their faculty mentors travail.
Trepidation: fear; nervous apprehension Turmoil: great commotion and confusion
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Antonyms: goodness, morality, righteousness, virtue, Sentence: Trustees are a university’s ultimate decision
probity makers.
Sentence: The congress party has been defamed due Umbrage: resentment; anger; sense of injury or
do moral turpitude of leaders. insult (dksi] Nkag] jks"k)
Tutelage: guardianship; training; instruction (laj{krk] Synonyms: anger, annoyance, chagrin, exasperation,
ns[k&js[k] laj{k.k) fury, grudge, irritation
Synonyms: apprenticeship, care, coaching, custody, Antonyms: happiness, like, love, pleasure, calm, forbear,
guidance, instruction quiet
Antonyms: ignorance Sentence: It is a risky thing to stand against such a
Sentence: Many trappers today started the activity as near-universal outpouring of moral umbrage
schoolboys under the tutelage of a father, brother, Unanimity: Complete agreement
relative or neighbor. (,dfprrk] loZlEefr)
Typhoon: tropical hurricane or cyclone Synonyms: accord, concord, concurrence, consensus,
(rwiQku] izp.M rwiQku) consent, harmony, unison, unity
Synonyms: cyclone, hurricane, storm, tornado, twister Antonyms: disagreement, disharmony, disunity
Sentence: The global financial typhoon caused many Sentence: He has this funny idea that agreement is
economies financially. weak. necessary to achieve political goals, and that
Tyro: beginner; novice (ukSflf[k;k] vkjaHk djusokyk) unanimity is preferred.
Synonyms: amateur, apprentice, learner, neophyte Unctuous:oily; bland; insincerely suave ([kq'kkenh)
Antonyms: expert, master, old hand, professional, Synonyms: fatty, greasy, oleaginous, slick
veteran Antonyms: blunt
Sentence: In fact, the tyro in military matters knows Sentence: That clerk always speaks in the tones of
where the fault lies. unctuous to any officer.
Undermine: weaken gradually; sap
U
(detksj dj nsuk] [kks[kyk dj nsuk)
Ubiquitous: being everywhere; omnipresent
Synonyms: attenuate, debilitate, eat away, enfeeble,
(ns'kO;kih] loZO;kih)
erode
Synonyms: all-over, everywhere, omnipresent,
Antonyms: strengthen, bolster
pervasive, universal
Sentence: Unemployment continues to rise, which
Antonyms: rare, scarce
could undermine consumer confidence.
Sentence: On the downcast, rainy day the fog was
Undulating: moving with a wavelike motion (ygkjku]
ubiquitous.
rjafxr gksuk)
Ulterior: intentionally hidden; beyond what is evident
Synonyms: oscillate, surge, swell, swing, wave
(xqIRk] ijorhZ)
Antonyms: hold, persist, remain, stay
Synonyms: ambiguous, concealed, covert, cryptic, dark,
enigmatic, hidden, implied, obscure Sentence: The bumpy country road wound deeper into
the scrubland until at last an undulating shape appeared
Antonyms: expressed, known, overt, public
in the distance.
Sentence: If you do well, people will accuse you of
ulterior motives. Do well anyway. Unearthly - not earthly; supernatural
Ultimate: final; not susceptible to further analysis (jgL;e;] vikfFkZo] vykSfdd)
(loZJs"B] pje) Synonyms: abnormal, absurd, appalling, demoniac,
Synonyms: conclusive, decisive, end, eventual, Weird, eerie, ethereal, extraordinary
extreme, far out, farthermost, farthest Antonyms: earthly, natural, physical
Antonyms: beginning, first, introductory, opening Sentence: Sunrise and sunset turned the sky to an
unearthly flame of many colors above the vast water.
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Unfledged: not having the feathers necessary to fly disordered
(ia[kghu] fcuk iad dk) Antonyms: kempt, neat, tidy, trim, clean
Synonyms: callow, fledgling, immature Sentence: Some people are concerned that riparian
Antonyms: adult, advanced, experienced vegetation will look unkempt.
Sentence: The vehicle closures are temporary and will Unruly: disobedient; lawless; difficult to control
last as long as there are unfledged plover chicks in the (vo';] mí.M)
area. Synonyms: acquiescent, agreeable, amiable,
Ungainly:Awkward in movement; clumsy; unwieldy Antonyms: assertive, bawdy, disorderly, fractious,
(vlq fo/ktud) headstrong, imprudent
Synonyms: awkward, gawky, graceless, lumbering Sentence: While such an unruly style defies imitation,
Antonyms: agile, coordinated, graceful it surely inspires the essence of relaxation.
Sentence: It was an ungainly craft that creaked and Upbraid: reprimand; severely scold (iQVdkjuk)
groaned in flight. Synonyms: admonish, berate, blame, castigate,
Unguent: ointment (ejge) censure, chastise
Synonyms: balm, cerate, cream, emollient, lotion, Antonyms: abet, applaud, approve, cheer, countenance,
lubricant, ointment encourage, endorse, extol
Sentence: They anointed the fingers with some Sentence: It is better to advice than upbraid, for the
unguent, and lighted them. one corrects the erring; the other only convicts them.
Unimpeachable: that cannot be impeached Urbane: suave; refined in manner; elegant
(nks"kjfgr] vlafnX/) (Hkyk] fouhr] 'khyoku)
Synonyms: clean, faultless, impeccable, inculpable, Synonyms: civil, courteous, cultivated, cultured,
irreproachable, spotless debonair, elegant, genteel, gracious
Antonyms: Blamable, impeachable, culpable Antonyms: uncivilized, uncouth, unsophisticated
Sentence: To cherish these loyalties, to make popular Sentence: He was a good insurance broker, urbane
these ideals, the world needs men and women of and vigorous, and he could sell.
unimpeachable character.
Utopia: ideal place, state, or society
Unison: unity of pitch; complete accord
(vkn'kZ] jkT;] jke&jkT;)
(,dk] lkeatL;] ,d Loj) Synonyms: Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, bliss,
Synonyms: accord, agreement, alliance, concord, dreamland, fairyland, heaven
conjunction, consent Antonyms: hell
Antonyms: discord, disharmony, conflict, contention, Sentence: Amit would have liked to run off to some
contest, controversy, disagreement
imaginary utopia.
Sentence: Pole and line fishing with six poles working
in unison. V
Universal: Characterizing or affecting all; present Vacillate: waver; fluctuate; sway to and fro
everywhere (lkekU; izR;;] egr~] fo'olEcU/h) (vfuf'prrk] >weuk] Mxexkuk)
Synonyms: all-inclusive, all-over, astronomical, broad, Synonyms: alternate, fluctuate
catholic, celestial, comprehensive Antonyms: adhere, continue, persist
Antonyms: confined, local, partial, particular Sentence: He seems to vacillate between regret and
Sentence: It is under this guise only that the product arrogance about the position he is in.
has been bonded for universal export. Vagabond: wanderer; tramp (?kqeDdM+] [kkukcnks'k)
Unkempt: disheveled; uncared for in appearance Synonyms: aimless, itinerant
(fc[kjs ckyksa okyk] vLrO;Lr) Antonyms: immobile, motionless, nonmoving, static,
Synonyms: dirty, disarranged, disarrayed, disheveled, stationary, still
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Sentence: Vagabond students have no time anywhere (cgqjx
a h] jax%fcjaxk] fofHkUu :i ds)
for practice Synonyms: motley, multicolor
Vainglorious: boastful; excessively conceited (naHkh) Antonyms: achromatic, colorless, decolorized, dull,
Synonyms: arrogant, blowing one’s own horn, boasting, faded, faint, monochromatic
bragging, haughty, Sentence: Grows in sun or shade, but variegated types
Antonyms: bashful, demure, diffident, down-to-earth, show better color in full sun.
egoless, humble Vehement: forceful; intensely emotional
Sentence: He has always come across as deeply (izpM
a ] izcy] mxz)
untrustworthy and extremely vainglorious.
Synonyms: angry, ardent
Valedictory: pertaining to farewell
Antonyms: abated, alleviated, calm
(izLFkku ds le; dk LofLrokn] fonkbZ Hkk"k.k) Sentence: Some letters include vehement protests
(SSC CGL 2010) against any reduction in the sentence imposed by judge
Synonyms: departing, final, goodbye, last, terminal or jury.
Antonyms: inaugural, welcoming Velocity: speed (xfr] pky)
Sentence: He began his valedictory in a low voice, Synonyms: acceleration, celerity, hurry, impetus,
all were mourned. momentum, pace
Vanguard: forerunners (lsukxz] lsukeq[k] vkUnksyu dk Antonyms: languidness, languor, lateness, leisureliness
usr`Ro djus okyk) Sentence: Speed sensors and an accelerometer
Synonyms: front, lead, leaders, leading measure its velocity and a gyroscope controls
Antonyms: establishment, old guard, rear equilibrium and direction.
Sentence: With smart power, diplomacy will be the Venal: capable of being bribed (/uHksnk] fcdkmQ]
vanguard of our foreign policy. ukM+h&laca/h)
Vantage: position giving an advantage Synonyms: amoral, corrupt, dishonest, immoral,
(ykHk] Js"Brk] lqHkhrk) mercenary
Antonyms: ethical, generous, good, honest, incorrupt,
Synonyms: aid, assistance, convenience
incorruptible, moral
Antonyms: disability, disadvantage
Sentence: Venal politician is never honoured any
Sentence: Already, their distance gives these probes
where.
a unique vantage point-a bird’s-eye view of the solar
system. Venerable: deserving high respect
Vapid: lacking liveliness; dull and unimaginative (vknj.kh;] iwT;] lEekU;)
(uhjl] iQhdk] csLokn] cstku) Synonyms: admirable, dignified, esteemed, honorable
Synonyms: boring, flavorless, insipid Antonyms: bad, base, contemptible, despicable,
Antonyms: lively, sharp, spicy, strong detestable, dirty
Sentence: Labour hired the hall and plastered its Sentence: They could be seen in a venerable set of
windows with its vapid campaign slogan, forward not drawings provided by the collection.
back. Venial: (of a fault or sin) forgivable; trivial
Vaporize: turn into vapour (ekj Mkyuk] Hkki cukuk] (ekewyh xyrh] {ke.kh;)
okf"ir gks tkuk) Synonyms: forgivable, justifiable, minor
Synonyms: dissipate, volatize Antonyms: abominable, evil, heinous, indefensible,
Antonyms: assemble, constitute inexcusable
Sentence: Even when you get to the boiling point, you Sentence: In fact, it’s not the great but the venial sins
would have to keep adding energy to vaporize the steel. that you think of with horror when you’ve read this
book.
Variegated: many colored
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2. SPELLING OF WORDS
Rule 1. Words ending in a consonant preceded by two vowels do not double the final consonant
before a suffix beginning with a vowel; as—
boor + ish = boorish meet + ing = meeting
cook + ing = cooking repeat + able = repeatable
cool + ing = cooling shout + ed = shouted
look + ing = looking teem + ing = teeming
Rule. 2 Words ending in silent E usually drop the silent E before addding vowel suffix
(e.g., -ing, -able, -ous); as—
Drop - e
admire + ation = admiration desire + ous = desirous
admire + able = admirable divide + ing = dividing
allure + ing = alluring dine + ing = dining
arrange + ing = arranging explore + ation = exploration
arrive + ing = arriving fame + ous = famous
become + ing = becoming give + ing = giving
care + ing = caring hope + ing = hoping
come + ing = coming imagine + ary = imaginary
compare + able = comparable imagine + able = imaginable
deplore + able = deplorable live + ing = living
love + able = lovable name + ing = naming
lose + ing = losing note + ed = noted
move + able = movable
• The e is retained when a suffix beginning with a consonant letter (e.g., -ment, -ful) is added.
Retain -e
arrange + ment = arrangement hate + ful = hateful
care + ful + careful like + ness = likeness
extreme + ly = extremely lone + ly = lonely
force + ful = forceful move + ment = movement
• After c or g, if the suffix begins with a or o, the e is retained to indicate the soft sound of c or g.
(e.g., -ous, -able)
Retain -e
advantage + ous = advantageous outrage + ous = outrageous
change + able = changeble peace + able = peaceable
courage + ous = courageous service + able = serviceable
manage + able = manageable trace + able = traceable
Rule 3.Words ending with ee or oo add suffixes without change; as
Agree + able = agreeable glee + ful = gleeful
Coo + ing = cooing see + ing = seeing
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• When adding a suffix in words of more than one syllable, the accent is shifted to a preceding
syllable, the foregoing rule does not apply.
infer inference combat combative
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3. COMMONLY MISSPELLED WORDS
• Abbreviation • Aesthetic
• Abscess • Affect
• Absence • Affiliation
• Abysmal • Afforestation
• Accessible • Aggravate
• Accessories • Aggravation
• Accommodate • Aggregate
• Accompaniment • Aggression
• Accumulate • Aggressive
• Accurate • Aghast
• Accustomed • Agnosticism
• Achieve • Agoraphobia
• Aching • Agreeable
• Acknowledge • Agreed
• Acknowledgement/ acknowledgment • Aisle
• Acquaint • Alcohol
• Acquaintance • Alfresco
• Acquiesce • Alibis
• Acquiescence • Align
• Acquire • Alignment
• Acquit • Allege
• Acquittal • Allergic
• Acreage • Alleys
• Across • Alligator
• Actual • Allocate
• Additional • Allotment
• Address • Allotted almond
• Adequate • Alms
• Adieu • Alphabetically
• Adjacent • Already
• Admittance • Although
• Admissible • Aluminium
• Adolescence • Ambiguous
• Adolescent • Amethyst
• Advantageous • Ammunition
• Advertisement • Anachronism
• Advice • Anaesthetic
• Advise • Analyse
• Aerate • Analysis
• Aerial • Anarchist
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• Ancestor • Asphyxiation
• Ancestry • Assassin
• Anemone • Assassinate
• Angrily • Assessment
• Anguish • Assistance
• Annihilate • Associate
• Annihilation • Asthma
• Anniversary • Asthmatic
• Announcement • Astrakhan
• Annulled • Atheist
• Annulment • Atrocious
• Anonymous • Attendant
• Anorak • Attitude
• Answered • Aborigine
• Antarctic • Auburn
• Antibiotic • Auctioneer
• Antithesis • Audible
• Anxiety • Aural
• Apartheid • Automatic
• Apologize • Autumn
• Appalling • Awful
• Apparently • Awkward
• Appearance B
• Appendicitis • Bachelor
• Appreciate • Bagatelle
• Approval • Baggage
• Aquarium • Bailiff
• Aquiline • Ballast
• Arbiter • Ballerina
• Arbitrary • Banana
• Arbitration • Banister
• Archaeology • Bankruptcy
• Architectural • Banquet
• Arctic • Barbecue
• Arguably • Barometer
• Arrangement • Barrister
• Arrival • Basically
• Artichoke • Basis
• Ascend • Battalion
• Ascent • Bazaar
• Asphalt • Beautiful
• Asphyxiate • Befriend
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• Beguile • Bruise
• Behaviour • Brusque
• Beleaguer • Buccaneer
• Belief • Buddhist
• Believe • Budding
• Belligerent • Budgerigar
• Benefited • Budgeted
• Bequeath • Buffeted
• Berserk • Bulletin
• Besiege • Bumptious
• Bettered • Bungalow
• Beveled • Buoyancy
• Bewitch • Buoyant
• Bias • Bureau
• Bicycle • Bureaucracy
• Biennial • Business
• Bigamous • Buttoned
• Bigoted C
• Bilingual • Cabbage
• Biscuit • Cafeteria
• Bivouacked • Caffeine
• Blancmange • Camouflage
• Blasphemous • Campaign
• Blasphemy • Campaigned
• Bleary • Cancelled
• Blitz • Cancerous
• Bodily • Candour
• Bonfire • Cannabis
• Bootee • Cannibal
• Borough • Canvassing
• Bouquet • Capability
• Bourgeois • Capillary
• Boutique • Capitalist
• Bracketed • Caravan
• Braille • Carbohydrate
• Brassiere • Carburettor
• Breadth • Career
• Breathalyser • Caress
• Brief • Caries
• Broccoli • Carriage
• Brochure • Catalogue
• Bronchitis • Catarrh
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• Cartoonist • Clique
• Cashier • Coalesce
• Cassette • Cocoa
• Castanets • Coconut
• Casualty • Coffee
• Catechism • Cognac
• Catering • Coincidence
• Cauliflower • Colander
• Cautious • Collaborate
• Ceiling • Collapsible
• Cellophane • Colleague
• Cemetery • Colonel
• Centenary • Colossal
• Centilitre • Comically
• Centimetre • Commandeer
• Centainty • Commemorate
• Champagne • Commentator
• Championed • Commercial
• Chancellor • Commiserate
• Changeable • Commission
• Channelled • Commissionaire
• Characteristic • Commitment
• Chasm • Committal
• Chauffeur • Committed
• Cheetah • Committee
• Cherish • Communicate
• Chief • Commuter
• Chilblain • Companion
• Chintz • Comparative
• Chiropody • Comparison
• Chisel • Compatibility
• Choreographer • Compelled
• Choreography • Competitive
• Chronically • Computer
• Chrysanthemum • Conceal
• Cigarette • Concealment
• Cinnamon • Conceit
• Circuitous • Conceive
• Cistern • Concession
• Civilian • Concurrent
• Claustrophobia • Concurrent
• Clientele • Concussion
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• Condemned • Correspondent
• Condescend • Corridor
• Confectionery • Corroborate
• Conference • Corrugated
• Confetti • Cosmopolitan
• Congeal • Cosseted
• Congratulations • Councillor
• Conjunctivitis • Counselling
• Conned • Counterfeit
• Conniosseur • Courageous
• Conscience • Courteous
• Conscientious • Creche
• Conscious • Credible
• Consequently • Credited
• Consignment • Crematorium
• Consolation • Creosote
• Conspicuous • Crescent
• Constitute • Crisis
• Consumer • Criterion
• Contemptible • Crocheted
• Continent • Crocodile
• Continuous • Croupier
• Contraception • Crucial
• Contradictory • Crucifixion
• Controlled • Cruelly
• Controller • Cruise
• Controversial • Cryptic
• Convalesce • Cubicle
• Convenient • Cupful
• Convertible • Curable
• Conveyed • Curiosity
• Convolvulus • Curious
• Coolly • Currency
• Cooperate • Curriculum vitae
• Cooperative • Customary
• Coordinate • Cynic
• Copying • Cynicism
• Coquette • Cynosure
• Corduroy D
• Co-respondent • Dachshund
• Coronary • Daffodil
• Correspondence • Dahlia
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• Dais • Detachable
• Damage • Detergent
• Dandruff • Deterred
• Darkened • Deterrent
• Debatable • Deuce
• Debauched • Develop
• Debility • Development
• Deceased • Diabetes
• Deceit • Diagnosis
• Deceive • Dialogue
• Deciduous • Diametrically
• Decipher • Diaphragmtant
• Decoyed • Disinh Diarrhoea
• Decrease • Difference
• Decreed • Different
• Defamatory • Dilapidated
• Defeat • Dilemma
• Defendant • Dilettante
• Defied • Diminish
• Definite • Diminution
• Definitely • Dinosaur
• Dehydrate • Diphtheria
• Deign • Diphthong
• Deliberate • Disadvantageous
• Delicatessen • Disagreeable
• Delicious • Disagreed
• Delinquent • Disagreement
• Delirious • Disappearance
• Demeanour • Disappeared
• Demonstrate • Disappoint
• Dencuement • Disapproval
• Denunciation • Disastrous
• Dependence • Disbelief
• Depth • Disbelieve
• Derailment • Discipline
• Dermatitis • Discotheque
• Derogatory • Discouraging
• Descend • Discourteous
• Descendant • Discrimination
• Desiccate • Discussion
• Desperate • Disease
• Detach • Disguise
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• Dishevelled • Duress
• Dishonourable • Dutiful
• Disillusion • Dynamite
• Disinfec • Dysentery
• erited • Dyspepsia
• Dismissal E
• Disobeyed • Eccentric
• Disparage • Ecclesiastic
• Dispelled • Ecologically
• Disposal • Economically
• Dispossess • Ecstasy
• Dissatisfaction • Eczema
• Dissatisfy • Effective
• Dissect • Effervescence
• Dissseminate • Efficacious
• Dissent • Efficient
• Dissimilar • Effrontery
• Dissipated • Eightieth
• Dissipation • Elaborate
• Dissociate • Electrician
• Dissolute • Elevenses
• Dissuade • Eligible
• Distilled • Emancipate
• Distillery • Embarrass
• Distinguish • Embarrassment
• Distraught • Emergence
• Disuse • Emergent
• Divisible • Emoulument
• Documentary • Emotional
• Doggerel • Emphasize
• Domineering • Employee
• Donate • Emptied
• Doubt • Enable
• Dragooned • Encourage
• Drastically • Encyclopedia
• Draughty • Endeavour
• Drooled • Endurance
• Drooped • Energetically
• Drunkenness • Enervate
• Dubious • Engineer
• Dumbfounded • Enough
• Dungarees • Ensuing
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• Entailed • Faeces
• Enthusiasm • Fahrenheit
• Enumerate • Fallacious
• Epilepsy • Fanatic
• Equalize • Farcical
• Equalled • Fascinate
• Equipped • Fatigue
• Erroneous • Fatuous
• Erudite • February
• Escalator • Feeler
• Escapism • Feign
• Espionage • Ferocioj
• Essence • Festooned
• Essential • Feud
• Estranged • Feudal
• Etiquette • Fevered
• Euthanasia • Fiasco
• Eventually • Fibre
• Evidently • Fictitious
• Exaggerate • Fiend
• Exaggeration • Fierce
• Exalt • Fiery
• Exasperate • Filial
• Exceed • Finesse
• Exceedingly • Flabbergasted
• Excellent • Flaccid
• Excessive • Flammable
• Exchequer • Flannelette
• Excommunicate • Fluent
• Exercise • Fluoridate
• Exhaust • Fluoride
• Exhibit • Fluoridize
• Exhilarate • Foliage
• Exorcise • Forcible
• Explanation • Foreigner
• Exquisite • Forfeit
• Extinguish • Forthwith
• Extraneous • Fortieth
• Extravagant • Fortuitous
F • Fortunately
• Fabulous • Frailty
• Facetious • Frankincense
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• Fraudulent • Gnash
• Freedom • Goitre
• Freight • Gossiped
• Frequency • Government
• Friend • Graffiti
• Frolicked • Grammar
• Fuchsia • Grandeur
• Fugitive • Gratetully
• Fulfil • Gratitude
• Fulfilled • Gratuitous
• Fulfillment • Greetings
• Fullness • Gregarious
• Fulsome • Grief
• Furious • Grieve
• Furniture • Grovelled
• Furthered • Gruesome
G • Guarantee
• Gaiety • Guarantor
• Galloped • Guard
• Garrison • Guardian
• Garrotted • Guest
• Gases • Guillotine
• Gateau • Guinea
• Gauge • Guise
• Gazetter • Guitar
• Geisha • Gymkhana
• Generator • Gypsy/gipsy
• Genuine H
• Gerbil • Haemoglobin
• Gesticulate • Haemorrhage
• Ghastly • Halcyon
• Ghetto • Hallucination
• Gigantic • Hammered
• Gingham • Handfuls
• Giraffe • Handicaapped
• Glamorous • Handkerchief
• Glamour • Happened
• Glimpse • Harangue
• Global • Harass
• Gluttonous • Harlequin
• Glycerine • Haughty
• Gnarled • Hazard
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• Hearse • Ideological
• Height • Idiosyncrasy
• Heightened • Ignorance
• Heinous • Illegible
• Heir • Illegitimate
• Herbaceous • Illiberal
• Hereditary • Illiterate
• Heroism • Imaginative
• Hesitate • Imitation
• Hiccup, hiccough • Immaculate
• Hideous • Immediate
• Hierarchy • Immemorial
• Hieroglyphics • Immoral
• Hijack • Immovable
• Hilarious • Impasse
• Hindrance • Impeccable
• Hippopotamus • Imperative
• Holiday • Imperceptible
• Holocaust • Imperious
• Homonym • Impetuous
• Honorary • Implacable
• Honour • Impresario
• Hooligan • Imprisoned
• Horoscope • Imprisonment
• Horrible • Inaccessible
• Horticulture • Inadmissible
• Hullabaloo • Inappropriate
• Humorous • Inaugural
• Humour • Incandescent
• Hurricane • Incessant
• Hurried • Incipient
• Hygiene • Incognito
• Hyphen • Incommunicado
• Hypnosis • Inconceivable
• Hypochondria • Incongruous
• Hypocrisy • Incontrovertible
• Hypotenuse • Incorrigible
• Hypothesis • Incredulous
• Hypothetical • Incriminate
• Hysterical • Incubator
I • Incurred
• Icicle • Indefatigable
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• Indefinable • Intercept
• Indefinite • Interference
• Independence • Interior
• Independent • Intermediate
• Indescribable • Intermittent
• Indict • Interpret
• Indictment • Interpretation
• Indigenous • Interrogate
• Indigestible • Interrupt
• Indomitable • Interview
• Ineligible • Intrigue
• Inescapable • Intrinsically
• Inexcusable • Intuition
• Inexhaustible • Intuitive
• Infallible • Invariably
• Infatuated • Inveigle
• Inferred • Inveterate
• Infinitive • Involuntary
• Inflamed • Involvement
• Inflammable • Irascible
• Inflationary • Irrelevant
• Ingratiate • Irreparable
• Ingratiate • Irreplaceable
• Ingredient • Irresistible
• Inhabitant • Irresponsible
• Inheritance • Irresistible
• Inhibition • Irresponsible
• Iniquitous • Irrevocable
• Initiate • Irritable
• Initiative • Italicize
• Innate • Itinerant
• Innocuous • Itinerary
• Innumerable J
• Innumerate • Jackal
• Inoculate • Jeopardize
• Insecticide • Jettisoned
• Inseparable • Jewellery
• Inseparable • Jodhpurs
• Insincere • Juggernaut
• Insistence • Jugular
• Instalment
K
• Instantaneous
• Kaleidoscopic
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• Karate • Lilac
• Keenness • Limoufine
• Khaki • Lineage
• Kidnapped • Linen
• Kilometre • Lingerie
• Kiosk • Linguist
• Kitchenette • Liqueur
• Kleptomania • Literature
• Knick-knack • Litre
• Knowledgeable • Livelihood
• Kowtow • Loneliness
L • Loosened
• Labelled • Loquacious
• Laboratory • Luggage
• Labyrinth • Lugubrious
• Lackadaisical • Luminous
• Laddered • Lorgnette
• Lager • Lucrative
• Language • Lucre
• Languor • Luggage
• Languorous • Lugubrious
• Laryngitis • Luminous
• Larynx • Luscious
• Lassitude • Lustre
• Latitude • Luxurious
• Laundered • Lyric
• Launderette M
• Layette • Macabre
• League • Maelstrom
• Leanness • Magician
• Ledger • Magnanimous
• Legendary • Mahogany
• Legible • Maintenance
• Legitimate • Malaise
• Length • Malaria
• Lengthened • Malignant
• Leukaemia • Manageable
• Levelled • Management
• Liaise • Mannequin
• Liaison • Manoeuvre
• Lieu • Mantelpiece
• Lieutenant • Manually
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• Margrarine • Mortgage
• Marijuana • Mosquito
• Marquee • Mountaineer
• Martyr • Moustache
• Marvellous • Multitudinous
• Marzipan • Muscle
• Masochist • Museum
• Massacre • Mysterious
• Matinee • Mythical
• Mayonnaise N
• Meagre • Naïve
• Measurement • Narrative
• Medallion • Naughty
• Medieval • Nausea
• Mediocre • Nautical
• Melancholy • Necessary
• Meningitis • Necessity
• Meringue • Negligence
• Messenger • Negligible
• Meteorological • Negotiate
• Metropolitan • Neighbourhood
• Microphone • Neither
• Midday • Neurotic
• Migraine • Neutral
• Mileage • Niche
• Milieu • Niece
• Millionaire • Ninetieth
• Mimicked • Ninth
• Mimicry • Nocturnal
• Miniature • Nonentity
• Miraculous • Notably
• Mirrored • Noticeably
• Miscellaneous • Notoriety
• Mischief • Nuance
• Mischievous • Numbered
• Misogynist • Numerate
• Misshapen • Numerous
• Misspell • Nutrient
• Misspent • Nutritious
• Modelled
O
• Modelling
• Obedient
• Morgue
• Obese
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• Obituary • Pessimistically
• Oblige • Pesticide
• Oblique • Phantom
• Oblivious • Pharmacy
• Obnoxious • Pharyngitis
• Obscene • Pharynx
• Obscenity • Phenomenon
• Obsessive • Phial
• Obstetrician • Phlegm
• Occasion • Physician
• Occupancy • Physiotherapist
• Occupier • Picketed
• Occupying • Picnic
• Paroxysm • Picnicked
• Parquet • Picturesque
• Partially • Pioneered
• Participant • Pious
• Particle • Piteous
• Partner • Pitiful
• Passenger • Plaintiff
• Passers-by • Plausible
• Pastime • Pleurisy
• Patterned • Pneumonia
• Pavilion • Poignant
• Peaceable • Politician
• Peculiar • Pollution
• Pejorative • Polythene
• Pencilled • Porridge
• Penicillin • Portrait
• Peppered • Portray
• Perceive • Positive
• Perennial • Possession
• Perilous • Possibility
• Permissible • Posthumous
• Permitted • Potatoes
• Pernicious • Precede
• Perpetrate • Precedent
• Persistence • Precinct
• Personnel • Precipice
• Persuasion • Precocious
• Perusal • Preference
• Pessimism • Preferred
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• Prejudice • Quintet
• Preliminary R
• Prepossessing • Rabies
• Prerequisite • Radioed
• Prerogative • Radios
• Prescription • Railing
• Presence • Rancour
• Preservative • Ransack
• Prestige • Rapturuous
• Prestigious • Reassurance
• Pretentious • Rebelled
• Prevalent • Rebellious
• Priest • Recalcitrant
• Primitive • Receipt
• Procedure • Receive
• Proceed • Recommend
• Procession • Reconnaissance
• Professional • Reconnoitre
• Profiteering • Recruitment
• Prohibit • Recurrence
• Promiscuous • Redundant
• Pronunciation • Referee
• Propeller • Reference
• Proposal • Referred
• Proprietor • Regatta
• Prosecute • Regrettable
• Protagonist • Regretted
• Protein • Rehabilitation
• Provocation • Reign
• Prowess • Relevant
• Psalm • Relief
• Psyche • Relieve
• Psychiatric • Reminisce
• Psychic • Reminisce
• Publicly • Reminiscence
• Pursuit • Remuneration
• Putative • Rendezvous
• Pyjamas • Repertoire
Q • Repetitive
• Quarrelsome • Reprieve
• Questionnaire • Reprisal
• Queue • Requisite
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• Rescind • Salvage
• Resemblance • Sanctuary
• Reservoir • Sandwich
• Resistance • Sanitary
• Resourceful • Sapphire
• Responsibility • Satellite
• Restaurant • Scaffolding
• Restaurateur • Scandalous
• Resurrection • Scenic
• Resuscitate • Sceptre
• Retrieve • Schedule
• Reunion • Scheme
• Reveille • Schizophrenic
• Revelry • Schooner
• Revenue • Sciatica
• Reversible • Science
• Rhapsody • Scissors
• Rheumatism • Scruple
• Rhododendron • Scrupulous
• Rhomboid • Scurrilous
• Rhubarb • Scythe
• Rhyme • Secretarial
• Rhythm • Secretary
• Ricochet • Sedative
• Righteous • Sedentary
• Rigorous • Sensitive
• Rigour • Separate
• Risotto • Sergeant
• Riveted • Serrated
• Rogue • Serviceable
• Roughage • Serviette
• Roulette • Settee
• Royalty • Shampooed
• Rucksack • Shattered
• Ruinous • Sheikh
• Rummage • Sheriff
• Rumour • Shield
S • Shovelled
• Sabotage • Shuddered
• Sacrilege • Siege
• Saddened • Significant
• Salmon • Silhouette
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• Simply • Strait-laced
• Simultaneous • Straitjacket
• Sincerely • Strategic
• Sixtieth • Strength
• Skeleton • Strenuous
• Skilful • Stupor
• Slanderous • Suave
• Slaughter • Subpoena
• Sleight • Subtle
• Sleight of hand • Succeed
• Sluice • Successful
• Smattering • Successor
• Smithereens • Succinct
• Snivelled • Succulent
• Soccer • Succumb
• Solemn • Suddenness
• Solicitor • Suede
• Soliloquy • Sufficient
• Soloist • Suffocate
• Sombre • Suicide
• Somersault • Sullenness
• Sophisticated • Summoned
• Sovereign • Supercilious
• Spaghetti • Superfluous
• Spectre • Supersede
• Spherical • Supervise
• Sphinx • Supervisor
• Sponsor • Supplementary
• Spontaneity • Surgeon
• Spontaneous • Surveillance
• Squabble • Surveyor
• Squandered • Susceptible
• Squawk • Suspicious
• Staccato • Sweetener
• Staggered • Sycamore
• Stammered • Symmetry
• Statistics • Sympathize
• Statutory • Symphony
• Stealth • Synagogue
• Stereophonic • Syndicate
• Stirrup • Synonym
• Storage • Syringe
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T • Tortuous
• Tableau • Totalled
• Taboo • Tourniquet
• Taciturn • Towelling
• Taffeta • Traffic
• Tangerine • Trafficked
• Tangible • Tragedy
• Tattoo • Traitorous
• Technique • Tranquillity
• Teenager • Tranquillizer
• Televise • Transcend
• Temperature • Transferable
• Tenuous • Transferred
• Terrifically • Transparent
• Terrifying • Travelled
• Territory • Traveller
• Terrorist • Tremor
• Therapeutic • Trilogy
• Therefore • Troublesome
• Thief • Trousseau
• Thinness • Truism
• Thirtieth • Trustee
• Thorough • Tsetse
• Thoroughfare • Tuberculosis
• Threshold • Tumour
• Thrombosis • Tunnelled
• Throughout • Tureen
• Thwart • Turquoise
• Thyme • Twelfth
• Tightened • Typhoon
• Titivate U
• Tobacconist • Unanimous
• Toboggan • Unconscious
• Toffee • Undoubted
• Tomatoes • Unduly
• Tomorrow • Unequalled
• Tonsillitis • Unique
• Topsy turvy • Unnecessary
• Tornadoes • Unremitting
• Torpedoes • Unrequited
• Torpor • Unrivalled
• Tortoiseshell • Upheaval
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V • Watered
• Vaccinate • Weakened
• Vacuum • Wearisome
• Vagune • Wednesday
• Vanilla • Weight
• Variegate • Weird
• Vehement • Whereabouts
• Vendetta • Wherewithal
• Veneer • Widened
• Ventilator • Width
• Verandah • Wield
• Vermilion • Wintry
• Veterinary • Witticism
• Vetoes • Wizened
• Versa • Woebegone
• Vice • Wooden
• Vicissitude • Woolen
• Vicissitudes • Worsened
• Vigorous • Worship
• Vigour • Worshipped
• Viscount • Wrapper
• Visibility • Wrath
• Vivacious • Wreak
• Vociferous • Writhe
• Voluminous X
• Volunteered • Xylophone
• Vulnerable Y
W • Yield
• Walkie-talkie • Yoghurt
• Walloped Z
• Warrior • Zealous
• Wastage • Zigzagged
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4. BASIC WORD PARTS
Words are made up of word parts: prefixes, suffixes and roots or stems. A knowledge of these word
parts and their meanings can help you determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.
ES
Prefixes are fixed before a word or a root to convey a modified version of the word or the root. Some important
Greek and Latin prefixes with a set of illustrative words are as follows:—
1. Prefix = 'ante' "before"
Word Meaning
• Antecedent preceding
• Antediluvian before the flood; ancient
• Antenatal of care before birth (during pregnancy)
• Anterior to the front; before
• Ante-meridien before noon
2. Prefix = 'dia' "across"
Word Meaning
• Diagonal connecting line
• Diaspora the breaking up and scattering of a people; people settled far from their
ancestral homelands
• Dialectic art of arguing
• Dialect local variety of language
• Diameter straight line from side tro side of figure
3. Prefix = 'ultra' "beyond"
Word Meaning
• Ultramarine very deep in blue
• Ultra modern very modern
• Ultra violet beyond violet; at the violet and of spectrum
• Ultra sonic sound waves beyond the range of human ear
4. Prefix = 'trans' "over, across"
Word Meaning
• Transcend go beyond
• Transverse eyeing across; at right angles
• Transgress break (law)
• Transient fleeting, not permanent
5. Prefix = 'super' "over, beyond"
Word Meaning
• Superior of greater rank
• Supercilious displaying arrogant pride
• Supernumerary in excess of normal number
• Supersede take the place of; set aside
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• Supervise oversee; direct; inspect
• Superlative in/of highest degree or quantity
6. Prefix = 'Epi' "over, on, of"
Word Meaning
• Epiderm outer skin layer
• Epiphany festival of the announcement of Christ's coming.
• Epigraph inscription
• Epicentre Focus of earthquake
7. Prefix = 'Hypo' "under, below"
Word Meaning
• Hypocrisy false virtue
• Hypodermic below the skin
• Hypothesis suggested explanation of something
• Hypogastric of or related to lower median region of the abdomen
• Hypochondria morbid depression without reason about one's own health, extreme
depression of mind or spirits often centered on imaginary physical
ailments
8. Prefix = 'Hper' "over/above/excessive/abnormally high"
Word Meaning
• Hyperactivity too much activity
• Hyperesthia excessive sensory feeling
• Hyperbole person prone to exaggerated speaking
• Hyper kinesia excessive amount of spasms
• Hyperventilation excessive breathing
• Hyper baric greater than normal pressure
• Hyperacid the condition of containing more than the normal amount of acid
9. Prefix = 'ab' "from/away"
Word Meaning
• Absent not present
• Abstemious sparing in food and drink
• Abstraction preoccupation
• Abnegate give up, renounce
• Abolish do away with
• Abrade scrape away
10. Prefix = 'ad' "to towards"
• Adhere stick to
• Adumbration to suggest or disclose partially, give a vague indication
• Ad hoc for a particular purpose only
• Ad infinitum endlessly
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• Ad interim for the mean time
• Adjunct added, joined
• Adjudge decide, declare
• Adlib improvise and speak spontanceouly
• Adjourn postpone temporarily
• Ad rem to the point
• Ad valorem according to the value
• Advert turn the mind or attention towards
• Adulterate make impasse by adding
• Adumbrate give outline of, indicate
11. Prefix = 'Ambl' "both sides"
Word Meaning
• Ambient on all sides
• Ambiguity obscure
• Ambivalent simultaneous existence of two different opinions
• Ambidextrous able to use both sides
12. Prefix = 'Peri' "around, about"
Word Meaning
• Peripatetic walkking around
• Periphery cricumference
• Perimeter outer boundary
• Perihelion point in orbit of planet or comet nearest to sun.
13. Prefix = 're'/'retro' "back"
Word Meaning
• Return go back
• Retrospect look back
• Retroflex curved backwards
• Retrograde going backwards, reverting
• Retard make slow
• Retort retaliate, reply
14. Prefix = 'clrcum' "path" or "orbit"
Word Meaning
• Circumpolar circles around the polar region
• Circumsolar circles around the Sum
• Circumspect cricles around the fences
• Circumlocation round about or evasive speech
15. Prefix = 'a'/'an' "without"
Word Meaning
• Anemia blood deficiency
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• Amoral not moral
• Anaesthetic causing loss of sensation
• Achromatic without colour
• Anachronism mistake of time
16. Prefix = 'anti' "against"
Word Meaning
• Antidote remedy
• Antipathy dislike, aversion
• Antipyretic effecitive against fever
• Antiseptic preventing infection
• Antigen substance stimulating production of antibodies in the world
17. Prefix = 'counter' 'contra' "against"
Word Meaning
• Counterfeiter forger
• Contary opposite
• Constrain force, compel
• Contraband illegal, smuggled goods
18. Prefix = 'dys' "bad"
Word Meaning
• Dysfunctional badly functioning
• Dyspepsia indigestion
• Dyslexia impaired ability to read
19. Prefix = 'eu' "good, well"
• Euphony sweet sounding
• Eulogy speech or writing in praise of
• Euphoria sense of well being or elation
20. Prefix = 'inter' "between"
• Interloper intruder
• Interlude interval
• Intermediate coming between
21. Prefix = 'meta' "besides/ with"
Word Meaning
• Metamorphose transform
• Metathesis transposition
• Metaphorical figurative
22. Prefix = 'Sym/syn' "together"
Word Meaning
• Synergy unified action
• Symmetrical balanced
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• Synchronise happen at the same time
• Symbiotic living together for mutual benefit
• Symphony harmony of sounds
23. Prefix = 'be' "around/on"
Word Meaning
• Beside by side of
• Bespatter to splash with
• Besiege to surround on all sides
24. Prefix = 'for' "apart/away"
Word Meaning
• Forbid prohibit
• Forbear case, refrain
• Fortorn Forsaken desperate
25. Prefix = 'mis' "bad/wrong"
Word Meaning
• Mistake error
• Misnomer wrong name
• Mishap minor accident
• Misfit not a suitable person
26. Prefix = 'fore' "before"
Word Meaning
• Foresee indication in advance, predict
• Forestall prevent
SUFFIXES
Suffixes are added to the end of a word or a root and can sometimes lead to a difference in the
meaning of the original word or root. Some of the common suffixes of Greek, Latin and Geman origin
are discussed below:
Latin Suffixes
1. Suffix - 'age' "place/collection"
Word Meaning
• Personage minister's house
• Steerage cheapest accommodation on a ship
• Peerage bodies or group of peers
2. Suffix = 'arium'/'ary' "place"
Word Meaning
• Aquarium place for keeping live fish
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• Library place for storing books
• Sanatorium hospital for chronically ill
• Seminary college for priests
• Apiary place where bees are kept
Some Important Words Derived from common Suffixes:-
1. Suffix = 'ist'
In is a Greek Suffix, which denotes people who perform certain actions, are experts in certain fields
or are adherents to specific beliefs.
Word Specialist in
• Verbalist words
• Purist traditions
• Geneticist heredity
• Arborist Tree care
• Agronomist crop production
• Entomologist insects
• Numismatist coins
• Philatelist stamps
• Toxicologist poison
• Semanticist word meanings
• Meteorologist weather
2. Suffix = 'Sis' "state of/'process"
Word Meaning
• Synthesis formation of whole from different parts
• Osmosis diffusion of iluids through a memberane
• Prognosis forecasted recovery from illness
• Necrosis death of live tissue
• Dialysis separatic of substances in a shlution
• Hypnosis physically induced sleeplike condition
• Metastasis spread of disease in the body
3. Suffix = 'ancy'
Latin Suffix, which means "state, action or process", and is frequently used in words which describe
ways to foretell the future.
Word Meaning
• Bibliomancy forecasting future through bilical books
• Anthropomancy forecasting through studying human entrails
• Cubomancy forecasting through use of dice
• Ostemancy forecasting through observing bones.
• Cheiromancy forecasting by reading the palms.
• Graphomancy forecasting through observing handwriting
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• Pollard horn less animal
3. Suffix = 'hood' "state/quality"
• Brotherhood alliance
• Widowhood state of being a widow
4. Suffix = 'ling' "having the characteristic of/minor"
Word Meaning
• Yearling year old animal
• Fingerling baby fish
5. Suffix = 'ness' "condition/state"
Word Meaning
• Goodness decency
• Populusness state of large population
• Business occupation
• Wickedness being bad
6. Suffix = 'ship' "state/rank/skill"
Word Meaning
• Penmanship art of writing
• Craftsmanship art of making crafts
• Township unit of local government
• Musicianship skill of a musician
7. Suffix = 'ful' "full of/providing"
Word Meaning
• Healthful promoting health
• Plentiful havig plenty
• Earful lot of information
8. Suffix = 'fold' "increased by"
Word Meaning
• Tenfold multiplied by ten
• Manifold many times
9. Suffix = 'ish' "somewhat like"
Word Meaning
• Childish child like
• Churlish ill-bred, rustic
• Impish imp-like, naughty
10. Suffix = 'wise' "in the manner of/with regard to"
Word Meaning
• Dollarwise with resped to dollars
• Weatherwise with regard to weather
• Moneywise with regard to maney
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• Healthwise with respect to health
REEK ROOTS
• Chron = time
Chronology = arrangement of events in order of occurrence.
Chronicle = historical record
Chronograph = a stop watch that records time with great accuracy.
Chronic = lasting a long time
Chronometer = time piece
• morph = form
Morphology = form and structure of an organism
Metamorphosis = change of form
• poly = many
Polyglot = competent in many languages
Polygon = a geometrical plane figure with three or more straight lines.
Polynomial = used to describe a mathematical expression with more than
two terms.
Polymath = knowledgeable in a variety of subjects.
Polyandry = a woman who has more than one husband.
Polygamy = a man who has more than one wife.
• pan = all
Panhuman = for all humanity
Pantheism = a belief that God is everything.
Panorama = an all round view.
Pantropic = found throughout the tropics.
• meter = measure
Ammeter = device used to measure current
Voltmeter = device used to measure voltage
Altimeter = device that measure altitude
Pedometer = instrument used to measure distance covered by walking.
Meteorology = scientific study of earth’s atmosphere.
• neo = new
Neophyte = beginner, recent convert
Neologism = new word or meaning, newly coined word.
Neonate = a new born child.
• pyr = fire
Pyre = pile of burning material
Pyrogenic = producing heat
Pyromaniac = person who sets fire to things.
Pyrotechnics = relating to fireworks.
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Pyrophobia = excessive fear of fire
• astro = star / space
Astronomy = science of stars
Astrologer = person who practices or studies astrology.
Astronaut = space traveller
• ped = child
Pediatrician = doctor who treats children
Pedodontics = concerned with dental care and treatment of children
Pedology = study of physical and mental development of children
• soma = body
Somato type = body type
Somatic = of body
Psychosomatic = physical illness which is mentally induced
Somatology = study of physiology and anatomy of body.
• gam = marriage
Monogamist = married to one person
Bigamist = married to two people
Polygamist = married to many
Misogamist = one who hates marriage.
• Theo = God
Theology = study of God or Religion
Theocracy = government by Gods
Theomacy = battle among Gods
• onym = name
Pseudonym = pen name
Antonym = word opposite in meaning
Synonym = word similar in meaning
Toponym = word derived from name of place
Homonym = word with same spelling or sound
• path = feeling
Sympathy = compassion for someone else’s pain
Empathy = feel someone else’s pain and sympathise
Apathy = indifference, lack of interest or enthusiasm
• bibli = book
Bibliopole = book seller
Bibliophile = lover of books or collector of books.
Bibliography = a list of books and articles consulted book sources.
Bibliomania = extreme fondness or obsession for books.
• soph = wisdom
Philosophy = love of wisdom
Sophist = ancient Greek philosopher
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Sophisticated = urbane, classy, complex
• misain/misein = to hate
Misanthropy = hatred of mankind
Misanthropist = one who hates mankind.
Misogynist = one who hates women
Misogamist = one who hates marriage
Misobiblic = one who hates books.
• anthropos = mankind
Anthropology = study of development of human race
Philanthropist = one who loves mankind
• Phil = to love
Philology = love of language / words
Philosophy = love of wisdom
Philanthropy = love of mankind
Philanthropist = one who loves mankind.
Philadelphia = city of brotherly love
Philharmonic = love of music/harmony
Bibliophile = lover of books
Anglophile = admirer of British culture, people etc.
Philatelist = one who collects or studies stamps
• Logy = study of
Anthropology = study of human race.
Astrology = study of living things
Archaeology = study of the building, graves etc. of the past
• psyche = mind, spirit, soul
Psychosis = a mental disorder
Psychiatrist = a mind healer
Psychotic = one who loses touch with reality
Psychedelic = that which causes effect on mind
Psychic = having special mental ability
• Archy /cracy = rule by
Monarchy = rule by one king or queen
Autocracy = government by a single person/ single group
Democracy = government by elected representatives
Aristocracy = rule by high social class
Theocracy = rule of Gods
Plutocracy = rule by the rich
Anarchy = state of nature where there is no government
Diarchy = dual rule
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Oligarchy = rule by few powerful people
Patriarchy = oldest person is made the head of family
Bureaucracy = Government by officials
• macro, mega = large/big
Macroscopic = Visible to the naked eye
Megalith = huge stone
Mega star = very great hero
Mega hertz = very great frequency of radio
Mega phone = instrument needed to amplify voice
Megalopolis = universe, very large city containing many cities.
• micro = small
Microbe = tiny organism
Microcosm = miniature representation of something
Microfilm = miniature record of documents or a film
Microlight = very small, light aircraft with large wings
• andr/gyn = man
Androgen = male hormone
Gynecoid = characteristic of woman
Polyandry = having multiple husbands
• ideo = idea
ideology = system of social beliefs
ideologue = an ideologist
ideography = use of graphical symbols to convery ideas
LATIN ROOTS
• scribe = to write
Prescribe = used in the context of medication
Inscribe = to write or engrave words on a surface
Scribble = write illegibly
Describe = write in detail
Proscribe = to prohibit or ban something.
• brev = short
Abbreviation = short end form
Brevity = briefness
Breviary = summary, abridgement
• later = side
Bilateral = two-sided
Unilateral = one-sided
Multilateral = many-sided
Lateral = at the side
• Magni = large
Magnify = make larger
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Magnitude = greatness of size
Magniloquent = employing impressive words while speaking.
Magnificent = impressive, splendid
Magnanimous = very generous, large hearted
• omni = all
Omniscient = all knowing
Omnipotent = all powerful
Omnipresent = present everywhere
Omnibus = a single book containing separate works as a collection.
Omnificent = with unlimited power to create
• rect = straight
Rectify = to correct or straighten
Rectitude = righteousness
Rectilinear = straight line
• cide = to kill or cut
Ceticide = killing of whales
Mariticide = killing of husband
Parricide = killing of parent (either father or mother)
Filicide = killing of children
Fratricide = killing of brother
Patricide = killing of father
Matricide = killing of mother
Fungicide = killing of fungi
Insecticide = killing of insect
uxoricide = killing of wife
Suicide = killing of oneself
Sororicide = killing of sister
Genocide = killing of races
Homicide = killing of human being
Infanticide = killing of infant
Lapicide = killing of pets
Foeticide = killing of an unborn child.
• mort, nec = death
Mortal = subject of death
Mortuary = place of dead bodies
Necrology = list of the dead, obituary
Necromancy = prediction using spirits
Necropolis = city of dead, cemetery
Necropsy = autopsy
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Mortification = deep shame and humiliation
• dorm or somn = to sleep
Dormant = asleep
Insomnia = inability to sleep
Somnambulist = walks in his sleep
Somnambulism = sleep walking
Somnolent = feeling sleepy
• aqua = water
Aquatic = of the water
Aquarium = container for fish
Aquaculture = farming of fish and aquatic plant
• fract/frag = break
Fracture = break
Fragile = easily broken
Fragment = break into small pieces
Infraction = failure to obey a law or contract
• mal = bad
Malevolent = harmful,
Malnutrition = lack of healthy food in a diet.
Malignant = evil, full of evil
Malady = illness, disease
Malinger = to pretend illness especially to avoid work
Malediction = curse, to utter a curse
• cred = believe
Credible = believable
Incredulous = sceptical
Incredible = astonishing
Credential = proof to ability, trust worthiness
Credulous = ready to believe
• sens/sent = feeling
Sensible = reasonable
Sentiment = emotion
Sensory = relating to sensation or sense organs
Sensitive = acutely perceptive
Sentient = conscious, capable of feeling
Sensitise = make sensitive
• Bel = war
Belligerent = warring
Bellicose = warlike
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Antebellum = preceding a war
• vor = eat
Carnivore = flesh eater
Herbivore = plant eater
frugivore = fruit eater
Omnivore = who eats everything
Nectarivore = nectar eater ijkx juice of flavour
Insectivore = insect eater
Gramnivore = grass eater
Granivore = grain eater
• alter = other
Altruism = the philosophy practiced by altruists
Alternate = skip one and take the other
Alternative = the other choice
Alteration = change
Altercation = a verbal dispute
Alter ego = other self
Altruistic = interested in the welfare of others.
• 'crde', 'ceed' and 'cess' = movement
Precede = come before
Proceeding = course of action
Process = method of doing something
Suceed = go ahead, be successful
Proceed = go before
Exceed = go ahead of
Recede = go back
Recession = depression in economic activity
• centr = center
Centrist = one with moderate views
Centrifugal = away from center
Centripetal = towards center
Egocentric = selfish
Eccentric = unconventional in a whimsical way.
Heliocentric = with the sun at the centre
• nihil = nothing
Annihilate = kill, reduce to nothing
Nihilism = rejection or opposition to all authority
• mar = sea
Marine = of sea
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Marina = small harbor
Maritime = of the sea
Mariner = one who sails or navigates vessels at sea
• doc = to teach
Indoctrinate = instruct one in basics
Doctrine = rule or principle
Doctor = medically qualified
doctrinaire = determined to use a theory
• luc = light
Elucidate = make clear
Lucid = clear/transparent
Pellucid = transparent
• flect/flex = means to bend
inflect = furn
influx = inward flow
flexible = adaptable
flexography = printing using a flexible plate
Genuflect = bend in gesture of respect
• tract/tang = touch
Infact = untouched
Tangible = real/ can be touched
Intangible = cannot be seen or touched
Tactile = of touch
• Loqu/locut = speak
Circumlocution = evasive speech
Soliloquy = speaking alone
Eloquence = persuasive speech
Interlocution = conversation
Somniloquy = speak in sleep
Elocution = public speaking
Grandiloquence = speech
Colloquality = informal speaking
Allocution = formal speaking
Magniloquence = bombastic speech
Colloquim = scholarly conference
• cogn, sci = know able to understand
Recognize = understand
Science = factual knowledge
Unconcionable = morally unacceptable
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Conscious = able to understand
Unconscious = experiencing loss of senses
• Quasi = resembling or very similar to
Quasi-judicial = semi-judicial powers resembling
Quasi-dictatorship = a dictatorship hiding under another form
Quasi-scientific = supposedly scientific but not backed by fact
Quasi-periodic = something that is almost predictable
• Ego = I
Egoist = excessively high opinion of oneself
Egocentric = one who is excessively fixated upon his own needs.
Egomaniac = morbidly, excessively wrapped up in oneself
• Verto = to turn
Introvert = to turn your thoughts inwards
Extrovert = to turn your thoughts outward
Ambivert = to turn your thoughts in both directions
MANIAS
Bibliomania an obsession with rare books
Demon mania a morbid delusion of being under the influence of an evil spirit
Dipsomania a morbid compulsion to drink
Dromomania a morbid compulsion for travel
Egomania a morbid obsession with oneself
Graph mania a mild manic for writing
Hypomania a mild manic excitement
Kleptomania a morbid compulsion to steal
Logo mania a mania for talking
Macro mania a delusion that one’s body has become very big
Micro mania a delusion that one’s body has become very small
Megalomania a morbid delusion of one’s grandeur
Monomania single fixed obsession
Nymphomania excessive sexual desire in a female
Pseudo mania a mania for making false and exaggerated statements
Pyromania Compulsion to set fire for thrill
Scribble mania a mania for making meaningless marks on paper
Theo mania a delusion that one has become a god
PHOBIAS
Acrophobia Morbid fear of high places or heights
Agoraphobia Morbid fear of wide open places
Algophobia Morbid fear of pain
Anglophobia Morbid fear of England and English things
Anthropphobia Morbid fear of mankind
Astraphobia Morbid fear of lightning, thunder and storms
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Astrophobia Morbid fear of celestial space
Ballistophobia Morbid fear of missiles
Chirophobia Morbid fear of hands
Claustrophobia Morbid fear of closed, confined places
Demophobia Morbid fear of crowds
Dendrophobia Morbid fear of trees
Ergophobia Morbid fear of work
Francophobia Morbid fear of the French
Gynaephobia Morbid fear of women
Hematophobia or
hemophobia or
hemeratorphobia Morbid fear of blood
Hippophobia Morbid fear of horses
Hydrophobia Morbid fear of water
Monophobia Morbid fear of being alone
Mysophobia Morbid fear of contamination or germs
Nyctophobia Morbid fear of darkness
Ochlophobia Morbid fear of crowd
Panophobia Morbid fear of everything in general
Pathophobia Morbid fear of disease
Peccatophobia Morbid fear of sinning or having sinned
Pedophobia Morbid fear of children
Phonophobia Morbid fear of light
Podophobia Morbid fear of feet
Pyrophobia Morbid fear of fire
Russophobia Morbid fear of Russians
Sitophobia Morbid fear of food
Syphilophobia Morbid fear of syphilis
Thanatophobia Morbid fear of death
Toxophobia Morbid fear of being poisoned
Trichophobia Morbid fear of hair
Triskaidekaphobia Morbid fear of the number 13
Xenophobia Morbid fear of foreigners
Zoophobia Morbid fear of animals or some particular animal
KILLER WORDS B
A • filicide the killing of one’s children
• aqicide the killing of bees • fratricide the killing of one’s brother
• avicide the killing of birds • genocide the killing of race of people
• homicide the killing of human beings
• canicide the killing of dogs
• infanticide the killing of one’s infant
• germicide the killing of germs
• matricide the killing of one’s mother
• herpeticide the killing of snakes • parricide the killing of one’s parents
• insecticide the killing of insects • patricide the killing of one’s father
• pesticide the killing of pests
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RULES AND FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
You know cracy is an element meaning rule. You find it in the word democracy which means the
rule of the people. There have been many other types of rules such as these:
• Aristocracy rule by the nobility
• Autocracy rule by absolute monarch
• Bureaucracy rule by desk officials
• Gerontocracy rule by old men
• Gynecocracy rule by women
• Kakistorcracy rule by the worst citizens
• Mobocracy rule by mob
• Neocracy rule by new, inexperienced officials
• Pantisocracy rule (government) by all
• Phutocracy rule by wealthy people
• Theocracy rule by church authorities
And look at these, too :
• Anarchy a state without government
• Autarchy government of a country by one person with unlimited power
• Biarchy government by two people
• Endarchy government from an inner centre of control
• Monarchy government by a monarch (king)
• Oligarchy government in the hands of a few
• Panarchy government by all; universal rule
• Pentarchy government by five rulers or powers
• Polyarch government by many persons
•
KNOW YOUR DOCTORS
In the field of medicine- ologist denotes a specialist in a specific type of disease. Let is introduce
to you ten of these specialists with the diseases they specialize in.
• Cardiologist specializes in heart diseases
• Dermatologist specializes in skin diseases
• Endocrinologist specializes in diseases of glands of internal secretion
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• Gerontologist specializes in diseases of old age
• Gynecologist specializes in female diseases
• Neurologist specializes in nerve diseases
• Ophthalmologist specializes in eye diseases
• Otologist specializes in ear diseases
• Pathologist specializes in detecting the nature and origin of diseases
• Rhinologist specializes in nose diseases
And these, too :
• Orthodontist specializes in treating persons with crooked teeth
• Osteopath specializes in treating person with bone displacement
• Pediatrician specializes in children’s diseases
• Podiatrist specializes in feet ailments
• Psychiatrist specializes in treating person with mental aberrations
BRANCHES OF SCIENCE AND LEARNING
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• Playwright He writes plays.
• Plumber He repairs water-pipes and cisterns.
• Potter He makes pots, cups, etc.
• Scavenger He is a refuge-collector.
• Sculptor He carves marble or stone.
• Surveyor He measures land.
• Technician He is a technical expert.
• Tinker He goes from place to place, mending pots, pans, etc.
• Tobacconist He sells tobacco and cigarettes.
• Usurer He lends money at an exorbitant rate of interest.
• Violinist He plays the violin.
TRAITS
• Supercilious a person who is overbearing, proud and haughty
• Misanthrope a person who hates mankind
• Libertine a person without a moral
• Impetuous a person who acts suddenly and without thought
• Pugnacious a person having an inclination to fight
• Rapacious a person having a grasping nature; greedy
• Malicious a person who is full of malice and ill will
• Insidious a person who does harm secretly and craftily
• Petulant a person unreasonably impatient or irritable
• Hypocrite a person who is feigning to be what he is not
• Extrovert a person more interested in what goes on around him than in his own thoughts
and feelings
• Introvert a person more interested in his own thoughts and feelings than in things
outside himself
• Egoist a person who always thinks of himself
• Egocentric a person who is self-centered
• Gregarious a person who likes the company of others
• Judicious a person who possesses a sound judgment
• Boisterous a person who is noisy and cheerful
• Taciturn a person who is habitually silent or reserved
• Erudite a person who is scholarly and learned
• Punctilious a person who is precise in the observance of forms or ceremonies
• Epicurean a person who loves the refinements of pleasure and believes that pleasure
is the chief good
• Stoic a person who is unmoved by joy or grief
• Atheist a person who denies the existence of God
• Catholic a person who is broad in outlook
• Philistine a person of materialistic taste indifferent to art and literature
• Fastidious a person difficult to please
• Connoisseur a person who is a critical judge in matters of taste
• Antiquarian a person interested in the study of ancient things
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• Ascetic a person who practices self-denial and leads an austere life
• Gourmet a person who has a good tastes for food
• Optimist He looks at the bright side of life.
• Pessimist He looks at the dark side of life.
• Martinet He is a stickler for discipline.
• Aesthete He has a highly developed sense of beauty.
• Pedant He makes a display of his learning.
• Sycophant He is a servile flatterer of the rich and powerful.
• Hedonist He leads his life purely for pleasure, especially physical pleasure.
• Infidel He has no belief in a specific religion.
• Suave He is polished in manner.
• Docile He is quiet and easily controlled managed or influenced.
• Conservative He is opposed to great or sudden change.
• Misogynist He hates women.
• Philanthropist He loves mankind
• Pronographer He treats of sexual subjects in pictures or writing in a way that is meant to
cause sexual excitement.
• Eccentric He is a person who is peculiar, not normal in behaviour.
• Misogamist He hates the institution of marriage.
• Misologist He hates learning and knowledge.
• Gullible He is easily tricked and persuaded to believe something.
• Recluse He lives in complete seclusion.
• Termagant She is noisy, quarrelsome woman.
• Imperious He is commanding, haughty and arrogant.
• Impertinent He is impudent, saucy and he does not show respect.
• Henpecked He is ruled by his wife.
• Garrulous He talks too much about unimportant things.
• Egalitarian He favours the doctrine of equal rights and opportunities for all citizens.
• Plagiarist He takes and uses somebody else’s ideas, words, etc as if they were his
own.
• Chauvinist He is a person with unreasoning partiality to his place or group.
• Debonair He is suave and light-hearted.
• Amiable He is easy and pleasant to talk to.
• Dilettante He studies something but not seriously and not with real understanding: a
dabbler in art, science or literature.
ANIMAL TRAITS
Adjectives Description
aquiline eagle like
asinine ass like
bovine ox like or cow like
canine doglike
elephantine elephant like
equine horse like
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Adjectives Description
feline carlike
leonine lion like
ovine sheep like
porcine pig like
serpentine snake like
ursine bearlike
vulpine wolf like
MANS ATTITUDE TO GOD
• Atheism disbelief in God
• Agnosticism skepticism about God
• Deism belief in the existence of a Divine Being, but without acceptance of revelation
or religious dogma
• Henotheism belief in one of a group of gods, without asserting that he is the only God
• Monotheism belief in one God
• Pantheism belief that God is nature
• Polytheism belief in many gods
• Theism belief in the existence of one God, Creator and Ruler of the universe, but
without the denial of revelation
APPROPRIATE VERBS
7to foment trouble to grab the land
to explode crackers to comb the whole area
to apprehend danger to waste time
to scotch the rumour (put an end to) to squander money
to vitiate the atmosphere (spoil) to fritter away one’s energy
to sling mud at someone to exact an exorbitant rate of interest
to fling remarks
to tarnish somebody’s image to flex the muscle (bend and move)
to pry into somebody’s affairs to mollify one’s anger
to nab the criminal (arrest) to stoop low
to remand one to jail custody to foil an attempt
to amass wealth to pacify the angry mob
to hoard grains to gnash one’s teeth
to pool one’s resources to apportion blame (to divide and share out)
to court danger
to ascertain the fact to set the bones
to curry somebody’s favour (win) to amputate an arm (cut off)
to lull a baby to sleep to extract the tooth
to sing a lullaby to convene a meeting
to refurbish the image (to make to deliver a fiery speech
bright and fresh again)
to tilt the balance to take out a procession
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to nurse a grudge to break the police cordon
to harbour ill will to pelt stones
to rectify a mistake (put right) to fast unto death
to strike terror to go on strike
to defy authority (disobey) to call off the strike
to struggle against odds to control the unruly mob
to climb stairs to cast vote
to scale the wall to unfurl or hoist the flag
to mop the floor to bare one’s bosom
to dust the books to expunge an objectionable remark
to twirl the moustache to box the ears
to cast aspersion on someone to acknowledge someone’s claim
to lob the ball to concede the demand (admit as true)
to spoon a catch to choose a career
to assign reason to embark on an adventure
to cite precedent to draw up a plan
to concoct a story to execute a plan
to offer pleas to toss the coin
to confirm an appointment to spill every ounce of one’s energy
to ratify a treaty to flash a news
to inflict a wound to leap with joy
to dress the wound to bask in the sunshine
to feel the pulse to commit a crime
to administer oxygen to commit a crime
to commit to memory
to transfuse blood to stitch clothes
to graft the skin to sew on the buttons
to transplant the heart to play the violin
to draw an inference to invoke the gods
to play the host to address the chair
to lay the table to set fire to something
to roast meat to set something on fire
to fry fish to kindle a fire
to bake bread to propound a theory
to cook rice to promulgate an ordinance
to whet one’s appetite to communicate news
to satiate one’s hunger to channelize one’s energy
to quench one’s thirst to wring wet clothes
to deploy troops to distort facts
to demolish an unauthorized to disfigure one’s face
structure to sever connections
to desecrate a place of worship to disrupt a meeting
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(to use in an unworthy way) to lynch a rapist
to extort money to launch a rocket
to grease somebody’s (show off) to oppress the poor
to eradicate crime, poverty to malign an innocent person
to walk the distance to respond to kindness
to discard a worn garment to rivet one’s attention (to attract)
to revoke a will and hold strongly)
to abjure one’s religion to extort a confession from someone
to suppress a rebellion to generate heat, electricity
to restrain an action to unfold a plan
to fulfil a promise to air one’s grievances
to oppose a measure to peel off an orange
to resist an attack to weave threads together
to forge new friendship to foretell the future events
to renew old contact to propitiate the gods (win the favour of)
to bury the dead to encourage the timid
to spit blood, venom to succor the endangered
to delineate a character to support the weak
to brag about something to repulse an attack
COMMONLY USED VERBS
A particular noun needs a particular verb to express what is done to it. As for example do
research, take an exam, give a talk, play a game, make an effort, perform a task, have a rest. The
verbs commonly used with particular nouns are plentiful. You will do well to know them in their right
combinations. Here are a few common expressions:
an accusation a journey
an arrangement love
an attempt a meal (prepare a meal)
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a mistake
a boat money
a change a noise
a comment an offer
a decision peace
an effort a plan
an estimation progress
an exception a profit
an excuse a promise
a fuss a recommendation
a gesture a request
a guess a statement
an impression (on someone) war
action a liking to
advantage (of something or someone) a look
a bath medical/legal advice
care my word for it (believe me)
charge (of) notice (of something)
a chance (on something) an objection to
courage offence (at something)
a deep breath (great) pains over something
a degrre (obtain) a pill
driving lessons a quick look round
an exception to responsibility (for)
a fancy to risks
fright (at something) a seat
heart something to heart
hold (of something) a taxi
a holiday things easy
liberties with your time over something (not hurry)
Your best
business (with someone) (someone) a good turn/harm
a course (of study) your homework
some damage the housework
a dance a job
the washing-up research
your duty the shopping
(someone) a favour your hair
good us the honour
(someone) a chance
a chase to a performance
a command permission
details an opinion
evidence (somebody) a ring (telephone him)
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information a talk/lecture
a party way
A train moves off from the platform. A boat puts off from the shore.
A tree sheds its leave. A bird casts off its feathers.
You scrub the floor. You polish the car.
You shake your head. you shrug your shoulders.
You waste time. BUT You squander money.
You sharpen the knife. You quicken your steps.
You unravel a secret. You unearth a buried treasure.
You cook rice. you bake bread.
You sit for/take an exam You mark/set an exam
(if you’re a student). (if you’re a teacher)
You pare the nails. You clip the moustache.
Trains rumble. Wheels rattle.
IDIOMATIC NOUN PHRASES
an army of soldiers a congress of representatives, delegates
an assembly of representatives a band of musicians, followers
a contingent of army personnels, boy scouts a batch of pupils, candidates
a corporation of people a battalion of soldiers
a corps of volunteers, soldiers a bench of judges
a council of ministers, advisers a bevy of girls, ladies
a crew of sailors a board of directors, trustees, examiners
a crowd of people a body of men, soldiers, police, laws, etc
a flurry of attentive callers a gang of robbers, thieves, convicts, prisoners
a brigade of cavalry, infantry, artillery a gathering of people
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a caravan of pilgrims, merchants a guild of tradesmen, artisans
a choir of singers a horde of barbarians, savages
a cricle of friends, acquaintances a host of people
a class of persons, students a mob of rioters
a clique of schemers a multitude of people
a colony of people a muster of troops
a company of actors, merchants a panel of judges, jurymen
a concourse of people a pack of fools, knaves
a conference of preachers, delegates a party of musicians, people
a confregation of pilgrims, worshippers a platoon of soldiers, musketeers
a posse of police men a procession of people
a school of thinkers, learned men a queue of people
a syndicate of merchants, businessmen a regiment of soldiers
a senate of councilors, university members a team of players
a throng of people a squad of soldiers drilling
a train of followers a squadron of soldiers, ships
a tribe of aborigines a staff of teachers, officials, servants
a troop of soldiers a stream of people, visitors
a troupe of dancers, artistes a string of coolies
a union of workers, tradesmen
Collection of animals, birds and insects
an army of ants a leash of hares, hounds
a bevy of swans a litter of puppies, kittens, pig lings
a brood of chickens (brought forth at one birth)
a colony of termites a muster of peacocks
a column of ants a nest of ants
a covey of partridges (flying together) a pack of asses, hounds, wolves
a school of whales, porpoises a drove of cattle (when driven)
a shoal of herrings, fishes a flight of birds, locusts, insects
a string of camels a flock of sheep, geese, chickens
a stud of ponies, horses a gaggle of geese
a swarm of flies, ants, bees, locusts a haul of fishes (taken in a net)
a team of horses, oxen a herd of deer, swine, cattle (when pasturing or driven together)
a train of donkeys a troop of lions, monkeys
a hive of bees
Collection of things
an album of photos, snapshots, stamps a barrage of questions
an alliance of states, powers, etc a basket of fruits
an anthology of poems a batch of loaves (baked together)
an archive of public records a beam of rays
an assortment of jobs a block of flats, houses
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a bale of cotton, wool a bouquet of flowers
a bout of illness a forest of trees
a budget of letters, news a galaxy of stars
a bunch of flowers, grapes, plantains, keys a gallery of pictures a garland of flowers
a cache of arms a glut of injuries
a catalogue of books (ie their names) a group of islands
a grove of trees a cargo of wheat
a heap of stones, ruins, sand a carillon of bells
a hoard of jewels, gold a catch of fishes (taken in a net)
a host of subjects a cavalcade of memories
a chain of mountains, events a league of power, states, nations
a chest of drawers a library of books
a cloud of dust a lump of mud, coal, lead
a clump of trees a mass of cloud, ruins
a cluster of stars, islands, nuts a maze of tanglewook, worldly affairs
a clutch of eggs a code of laws
a commonwealth of nations a mine of information
a confederation of states, powers a museum of art
a consignment of goods a nosegay of flowers
a constellation of stars an outfit of clothes
a convoy of helicopters, lorries a pack of playing-cards
a course of lectures, events a packet of cigarettes
a crop of weeds, hair a peal of thunder, bells
a curriculum of studies a pencil of rays
a faggot of twigs, sticks a pile of arms, woods, books
a fall of leaves, snow, rain a pool of blood
a family of plants, languages a quiver of arrows
a fleet of cars, ships a range of mountains, hills
a flight of steps, stairs a riot of colours
a flotilla of boats, ships a roll of names
a rosary of beads a stockpile of nuclear arms, gunpowder
a round of shots, duties, applause a row of chairs, trees
a storm of protest a sea of troubles
a stretch of wheat filed a series of events, lectures
a string of Pearls, beads a set of rules, tools
a suite of rooms, apartments, furniture a sheaf of arrows, cornstalks
a shock of hair a syllabus of studies
a shower of arrows, abuses, rains, bullets a tissue of lies
a train of wagons a species of animals, plants
a treasure trove of sunken ships a stack of arms, hay, wood (piled together)
a tuft of grass, hair, feathers a volley of questions, abuses, shots
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Movement
(a) Birds (b) Animals
A bird flies A bear lumbers
A cock struts A deer bounds
A crow flies A donkey trots.
A duck waddles. An elephant ambles.
An eagle swoops. A horse gallops, trots.
A lark soars. A hound bounds.
An owl flits. A lamb frisks.
A sparrow flits A lion prowls
A turkey struts. A mouse scampers
A vulture flaps, rises or hobbles. A rabbit leaps.
A wolf lopes.
(c) Persons
A person
hobbles, dawdles, limps, lumbers, meanders,
marches, plods, shuffles, paces, slouches,
staggers, strides, strolls, waddles, walks.
(d) Walking Verbs
We walk at varying paces and in a variety of ways. As for example, a baby toddles, an idler slouches, a
soldier marches, and a farmer, after the day’s toil, plods his weary way home. And so on.
You will find here two sets of verbs: walking verbs and verbs of movement.
Walking Verb Definition
• To toddle to walk with short tottering steps (as does a baby)
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• To limp to walk as if lame
• To strut to walk in an affected manner/proudly
• To stride to walk with long steps
• To stroll to walk in a quiet, unhurried way
• To slouch to walk in a lazy, tired way
• To stagger to walk or move unsteadily (from weakness, a heavy
burden, drunkenness, etc)
• To plod to walk slowly and wearily
• To dawdle to walk slowly, wasting time
• To lumber to move in a heavy, clumsy, noisy way
• To march to walk smartly in steps
• To meander to follow a winding path, moving slowly and gently (eg meandering river)
Nov look at these verbs of movement.
• Swoop come down with a rush (like the bird of prey)
• Skim glide over with an occasional touch
• Scamper run quickly like a frightened animal
• Sprint run a short distance with speed
• Bolt run away quickly, dart off
• Bound run away quickly, dart off
• Flash move so swiftly as to be visible for a shrot time
• Flit fly or move lightly and quickly (Bees flit from flower to flower.)
• Hasten move with speed
• Run move with quick steps (faster than walking)
• Rush go with speed
Lookat these, too.
• Tremor shaking movement of the ground
• Shiver movement of body due to cold
• Vibrate regular movement backwards and forwards
• Oscillate regular movement of a suspended thing from one point to another
• Flicker movement of the flame
(e) Specific movement words
A baby toddles. A tired traveler plods.
A king strides on A lame person limps or hobbles.
A drunkard staggers. A conceited fellow struts.
(f) Miscellaneous
The nose blows The wind blows
The earth rotates Water flows
The watch ticks The fan whirls
The wound bleeds Arrows shoot
The train runs The machine works
Places
(a) Where things are made
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Beer in a brewery Bread, cakes in a bakery
Films in a studio Flour or paper in a mill
Goods of all kinds in a factory Iron implements in a smithy
Leather in tannery Milk products in a dairy
Money (coins) in a mint Ships in a dockyard
Alcoholic drinks in a distillery
(b) Where games are played
Badminton on a court Boxing in a ring
Billiards on a cloth-covered table (a billiard table)
Cricket on a pitch Chess on a chessboard
Football on a ground, field Hockey on a ground, field, astroturf
Running on a track, course Skating in a rink
Tennis on a court Water polo in a swimming pool
Wrestling in an arena
(c) Where persons, things, animals, etc are kept, grown, exhibited, stored
Aeroplanes are kept in a hangar.
Athletic competitions are held in a stadium.
Athletic exercises are performed in a gymnasium.
Astronomical observations are made in an observatory
Bees are kept in an apiary.
Birds are kept in a cage, an aviary.
Birds and animals are exhibited in a zoo.
Clothes are kept in a wardrobe
Clothes or linen are washed and ironed in a laundry
Dead bodies are buried in a cemetery
Dead bodies are cremated in a crematorium
Fishes are kept in an aquarium
Fruit tress are grown in an orchard
Gas is stored in a cylinder
Goods are stored in a depot
Grains are stored in a granary
Grapes are grown in a vineyard
Guns are kept in an armoury.
Historical relics or curios are kept in a museum
Luggage at a railway station is kept in a cloakroom
Medicines are compounded in a dispensary
Motorcars are kept in a garage
Plates, dishes, pots and other cooking utensils are washed in a scullery
Scientific experiments are conducted in a laboratory
Sick people are treated in a hospital
Ships are built or repaired in a dock
Ships are loaded or unloaded in a quay.
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Water is collected and stored in a reservoir
Wild animals are kept in a menagerie, zoo
Wine and other provisions are stored (underground) in a cellar
Young plants grow in a nursery.
Homes
(a) Persons (b) Creatures
An Arab in a dowar Bees in a hive
A convict in a prison A bird in a nest
An Eskimos in an igloo A cow in a byre, pen
A gypsy in a caravan A dog in a kennel
A hermit in a hermitage An eagle in an eyrire
A king or a queen in a palace A fox in a hole
A knight in a mansion A fowl in a coop
A lumberman in a log cabin A hare in a burrow
A lunatic in an asylum A horse in a stable
A monk in a monastery A lion in a den
A nobleman in a castle A mouse in a hole
A nun in a convent, nunnery An owl in a barn, on a tree
A parson in a parsonage A pig in a sty
A peasant in a cottage A pigeon in a dovecote
A priest in a presbytery A rabbit (tame) in a hutch
A prisoner in a cell, jail A rabbit (wild) in a burrow, warren
A Red Indian in a wigwam, tepee A sheep in a pen, fold
A soldier in barracks, camp A spider in a web
A Swiss in a chalet A squirrel in a drey
A vagrant on the pavement A tiger in a lair
A Zulu in a kraal A wasp in a nest
Wild animals in den, lair
WORDS DENOTING VARIOUS SOUNDS
Cries of Animals, Birds and Insects
• Animals
Apes gibber Dogs bark (at somebody)
Asses bray yelp or whine (in pain)
Bulls (Oxen) bellow snarl or growl (in anger)
Calves low bay (at the moon)
Camels grunt howl (in distress)
Donkeys bray Cats mew, purr, caterwaul (when they quarrel)
Elephants trumpet Foxes yelp, bark
Cattle low Frogs croak
Cows low, moo Goats bleat
Crocodiles grunt Hogs grunt
Horses neigh, snort, whinny Oxen low, bellow
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Hounds bay Pigs grunt, squeak
Hyenas laugh Puppies yelp
Jackals howl Rabbits squeak
Kittens mew Serpents hiss
Lambs bleat Sheep bleat
Lions roar Snakes hiss
Mice squeak Tigers growl, roar
Monkeys chatter, gibber Wolves howl, yelp
• Birds
Birds twitter, chirp, carol, sing, Owls hoot, screech, scream
warble, chirrup Parrots screech, chatter, talk
Cocks crow Pea-fowls scream
Crows caw Pigeons coo
Cuckoos coo Ravens crock
Doves coo Rooks caw
Ducks quack Sea-gulls scream
Eagles scream Sparrows chirp, twitter
Geese cackle, gobble, hiss (in anger) Squirrels squeak
Hawks scream Swallows twitter
Hens cackle, cluck, chuckle Swans cry
Kites scream Thrushes whistle
Larks sing, warble Turkeys gobble
Magpies chatter Vultures scream
Nightingales sing, warble
• Insects
Bees hum, buzz, murmur Crickets chirp
Beetles drone Flies buzz
Miscellaneous Sound
the babbling of a brook the churning of sea water
the beat of a drum the clanging of arms
the blaring of loudspeaker, trumpet the clangour of a bell, a hammer, a trumpet
the booming of cannons, guns the clanking of chains
the buzz of a telephone, conversation the clatter of hoofs, plates, spoons, knives
the chiming of bells, clock the clicking of knitting needles
the clinking of coins, sword the rumbling of heavy vehicles, cloud
the crack of a whip the crackling of fire, dry leaves, wood
the rustling of leaves, clothes, wind, paper the crash of shells
the shuffling of feet the crinkling of paper
the sighing of breeze the gnashing of teeth
the slam of a door the gona of bells
the splashing of water, oars the grating of machines
the swishing of cane, ladies’ skirts the gurgling of water
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the tapping at the bolted door the hissing of steam
the thudding of cannons, coconuts the jingling of coins
the thundering of clouds the lapping of water, waves
the tick of a clock the pattering of rain
the tinkling of bracelets, glasses the peal of church bells, thunder, laughter
the tolling of bells the tooting of a horn
the popping of corks the twanging of bowstrings
the prattling of a brook the whirring of an aeroplane, wings, computers
the purring of motor cars the rattling of wheels, cart, carriage
the whistling of wind the whizzing of arrows, motorcars
the rippling of water, rain the zooming of aeroplanes
the roaring of thunder, cannon, waves, laughter
Arms clang Keys jingle
Babies lisp Leaves rustle
Bells ring, chime, peal, jingle, tinkle, toll Railway engines hoot, whistle, roar
Rain patters Brakes screech, rasp
Reeds whisper Bugles blow
Bullets whizz Silk rustles
Chains clank Steel clinks
Coins jingle, tinkle Streams babble
Doors creak Teeth chatter
Drums beat Thunder roars, rumbles, rolls
Footsteps sound Trumpets blare
Guns boom, explode, roar Water ripples
Hoofs clatter Wind whistles, sighs
NATION AND NATIONALITY
Nationality Words
Country Person Nation Adjective
Belgium a Belgian the Belgians Belgian
Bulgaria a Bulgarian the Bulgarians Bulgarian
Germany a German the Germans German
Italy an Italian an Italian the Italians Italian
Mexico a Mexican the Mexicans Mexican
Morocco a Moroccan the Moroccans Moroccan
Nigeria a Nigerian the Nigerians Nigerian
Norway a Norwegian the Norwegians Norwegian
Russia a Russian the Russians Russian
USA and American an American the Americans
American
Czechosovakia a Czech the Czechs Czech
Greece a Greek the Greeks Greek
Thailand a Thai the Thais Thai
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DIMINUTIVES
Diminutives are such words that denote small specimen of big things. They are ‘nouns that
express smallness, either actual or imputed, token of affection or contempt’. The chief suffixes
forming diminutives are: et (coronet), let (streamlet) en (chicken), ock (hillock,), ling (sapling).
The list of commonly used diminutives given below will be of immense help to you in the choice
of right words.
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COMMONPLACE CPMPARISONS
The English language abounds in striking similes in which one thing is likened to another in such
a way as to clarify and enhance an image. As for example, as dead as a dorrnail, as blind as a bat,
and as cool as cucmber.
Here is a comprehensive list of comparative phrases of as.......as pattern:
A
As active as quicksilver As dark as midnight, as a dungeon, as pitch
As ageless as the sun As dead as a doornail, as a herring, as mutton,
As agile as a monkey, as a cat As dead as a dodo
As alike as two beans, as two peas As deaf as an adder, as a beetle, as a post
As ambitious as the devil, as Lady Macbeth As dear as life
As arid as the sands of the Sahara As deep as the ocean, as a well
As bald as a billiard ball, as a coot, as an egg, As desolate as a tomb.
as a badger
As devoted as a faithful dog
As bashful as a schoolgirl As different as chalk from cheese
As beautiful as a rainbow, as the sunset As dirty as ditch-water
As big as an elephant, as a whale As distant as the horizon
As black as a crow, as coal, as ebony, as jet, as As dry as a bone, as dust, as a mummy, as a stick
pitch, as midnight, as a raven, as soot, as ink As dumb as a statue
As blind as a bat, as a mole, as a beetle As easy as ABC, as lying
As blue as the indigo, as the sky As eloquent as Cicero
As boundless as the ocean As elusive as quicksilver
As bounteous as nature As empty as space
As brave as a lion As faitthful as a dog
As brief as a dream, as time, as a candle As fast as a hare, as light
As bright as a button, as day, as light, As fickle as the weather
as a new pin, as silver
As bright as silver As ferocious as a lion
As brittle as glass As fierce as a tiger
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As busy as a bee As firm as a rock, as steel, as faith
As cheap as dirt As fit as a fiddle
As cheerful as lark As flat as a billiard table, as a board, as a pancake
As clear as crystal, as daylight, as noonday As flat as a pancake
As cold as charity, as a frog, as stone, as marble, as ice As free as the air, as a bird
As fresh as a daisy, as a rose, as dew
As cool as a cucumber As gay as a lark
As cosy as a bird’s nest As gentle as dove, as a lamb, as a fawn
As countless as the desert sands, as the stars As gloomy as night
As crisp as new bank notes As glorious as the sun
As crooked as a corkscrew As good as gold
As cross as two sticks As graceful as a swan
As cruel as death, as winter As greedy as a dog, as a hog, as a wolf
As cunning as a fox As green as grass
As grey as smoke As simple as ABC
As grim as death, as hell As slippery as an eel, as a serpent
As hard as flint, as a marble, as granite, as nails As slow as a snail
As harmless as a babe, as a dove As sly as a fox
As heavy as lead, as sand As smooth as butter, as oil, as velvet
As helpless as a babe As snug as bug in a rug
As high as heaven, as the stars As soft as butter, as fur, as silk, as wax, as wool
As honest as the day As solid as a rock
As hungry as a church mouse, as a wolf As solitary as a tomb
As impatient as a lover As sound as a bell
As industrious as an ant As spineless as a jelly fish
As inevitable as death As spotless as snow
As innocent as a babe, as a dove As steadfast as the sun
As large as life As steady as a rock
As light as a feather, as a butterfly, as air As stealthy as a cat
As lively as a cricket As straight as an arrow, as a lance
As mad as a hatter, as a March hare As stubborn as a mule
As mean as a miser As superstitious as sailors
As meek as a dove, as lamb As sure as death, as fate
As mischievous as a kitten, as monkey As sweet as honey, as sugar
As natural as life As swift as an arrow, as thought, as lightning,
As new as day as the wind
As obstinate as a mule As talkative as a magpie
As old as the hills As tall as a maypole, as steeple
As pale as death, as a ghost As tender as a bud, as lamb, as a chicken
As peaceful as sleep As tough as leather, as nails
As piercing as light As transparent as glass
As plain as a pikestaff As ugly as a scarecrow
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As pretty as a picture As uncertain as the weather
As progressive as time As unchangeable as the past
As proud as a peacock As vain as a peacock
As punctual as clockwork As variable as the weather
As pure as a lily As venomous as a snake
As red as blood, as crimson, as a rose, as fire, As wary as a fox
as scarlet As watchful as a hawk, as a sentinel
As regular as clockwork As white as snow, as wool
As sacred as shrine As wily as a fox
As sharp as a needle, as a razor As wise as Solomon
LOVER WORDS
• Lover of books Bibliophile
• Lover of children Paedophile
• Lover of animals Zoophile / Zoophilist
• Lover of trees Dendrophile
• Lover of hands Cheirophile
• Lover of feet Podophile
• Lover of horses Hippophile
• Lover of knowledge Bibliologist
• Lover of words Philologist
• Lover of nomadic life Nomads
• Lover of vegetables Vegetarian
• Lover of meat Carnivore
• Lover of human flesh Cannibal
• Lover of grandeur Megalomaniac
• Lover of war Warmonger
• Lover of peace Pacifist, Peace-loving
• Lover of democracy Democrat
• Lover of dictatorship Dictator
• Lover of mobocracy Mobocrat
• Lover of one’s country Patriot
• Lover of good food Gourmet
• Lover of good taste in art, painting, etc Connoisseur
• Lover of travelling round the world Globetrotter
• Lover of God and religion Theist
• Lover of alcoholic drink Drunkard
• Lover of society Sociable
• Lover of money Mercenary
• Lover of sports and games Sports fan, Sportsman
• Lover of mankind Humanitarian, Philanthropist
• Lover of material things Materialist
• Lover of self Narcissist
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HATER WORDS
• Hater of women Misogynist
• Hater of mankind Misanthrope
• Hater of knowledge Misologist
• Hater of alcoholic drinks Teetotaller
• Hater of war Pacifist
• Hater of idol worship Iconoclast
• Hater of pomp and show Austere
• Hater of marriage Celebate, Misogamist
• Hater of worldly life Recluse
GRAPHY WORDS
Autobiography story of a person’s life written by himself
Biography story of a person’s life written by someone else
Calligraphy elegant handwriting
Chronography a record of past time; history
Demography study of births, deaths, diseases, etc to show the
condition of a community
Epistolography the art of letter-writing
Geography science of the earth’s surface, physical features,
divisions, climate, products, population, etc
Homography process of printing from parts of a flat stone or sheet
of zinc or aluminum that are prepared to receive a
greasy ink
Microcomography a description of a man as microcosm
Orthography writing with correct penmanship and spelling
Polygraphy literary productiveness; writing on a variety of subjects
Seismography the study of earthquakes
Photography art or process of taking photographs
Topography description of the features, eg rivers, valleys, roads, of
a place or district
Telegraphy the technique of sending message by electrical singals
Videography the recording of sound and vision, eg of television
programmes by magnetic tape
Xeroxography a scientific method of photostating
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5. SOME IMPORTANT PHRASAL VERBS
• Account for (dkj.k crkuk)% He asked her to ac- • Be off (pyk tkuk)% All of us must be off now.
count for the downfall of the Mughal Empire. • Bear on/upon (mUeq[k gksuk] laxr;qDr gksuk)% Your
• Act on/upon (vlj Mkyuk)% This medicine can suggestion does not bear on/upon my problem.
act on the heart. • Bear out (leFkZu djuk] leFkZu nsuk] lkFk nsuk] iqf"V
• Add to (c<+kuk)% The garden adds to the beauty djuk)% we will bear out his statement.
of the house. • Bear up (gkSlyk j[kuk)%
• Add up (dk ;ksx djuk)% I asked him to add up (i) Mohan bore up well against all his misfor-
ten figures. tunes.
• Allow for (è;ku esa ysuk)% It will take almost an (ii) Tell them to bear up.
hour to reach the station, allowing for traffic de- • Beat down (de djuk)%
lays.
(i) He demanded eighty thousand for the car but
• Allow of (xqatkb'k j[kuk)% The patinent's condition
I beat him down.
allows of no delay.
(ii) I beat down his price.
• Answer back (f<BkbZ ls tokc nsuk)% A good boy
• Beat up ([kwc fiVkbZ djuk] [kwc ihVuk)% The thief
should not answer back his elders.
was badly beaten up.
• Answer for (ftEesnkj gksuk)% I cannot answer for
• Bend to (>qduk)% I cannot bend to his terms and
his misconduct.
conditions.
• Ask after (ds ckjs esa iwNuk)% He asked after her
• Be bent on (,d fuf'pr mís'; ds :i esa j[kuk)%
health.
She is bent on mastering French.
• Ask for (ekaxuk)% She asked me for help.
• Block up (can dj nsuk] jksduk)% All the roads
• Ask in (vUnj cqykuk)% I was standing at the gate were blocked up by heavy snowfall.
but he did not ask me in.
• Blot out (n`f"V ls fNik nsuk)% The mist came
• Back down (vius vf/dkj ;k fopkj R;kxuk] nkok down and blotted out the view.
NksM+ nsuk)% She said that she had some share in this • Blot out (cckZn dj nsuk] feVVk nsuk)% The Indian
property but later on she backed down. army blotted out the trace of the enemy troops.
• Back off (nkok NksM+ nsuk)% He clamined that the • Blow in/into ('kksjxqy djrs gq, ;k izlUurkiwoZd izo's k
recovered radio was his but when he was asked
djuk)% The boys broke the door and blew in/into
to produce the papers, he backed off.
the room.
• Back out (IkhNs gVuk] oknkf[kykiQh djuk] eqdj tkuk)%
She backed out from her promise of marrying • Blow out (cq> tkuk_ cq>k nsuk)% The candle blew
him. out. The candle was blown out by the wind.
• Back up (leFkZu nsuk] lgk;rk nsuk] izksRlkfgr djuk)% • Blow up (foLiQksV gksuk] cjckn gksuk)% The gas
We backed him up in this election. cylinder blew up.
• Bail out (tekur nsuk)% The high Court bailed • Board out (?kj ls ckgj Hkkstu djuk)% I live in his
him out. house but I board out.
• Bank on/upon (Hkjkslk djuk] fuHkZj djuk)% We do • Boil away (dqN Hkh vo'ks"k u jgus rd mcyrs jguk)%
not bank on your help. The water had all bolied away and the kettle was
empty.
• Bargai nwith (lkSnk djuk)% I bargained with the
farmer for the piece of land. • Boil down (ek=kk esa de gksuk)% It all boiled down
to this.
• Bargain for (Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj gksuk)% He
did not bargain for my singing so well. • Boil over (mcy tkuk] mcydj fxj tkuk] miQudj
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• Cool down ('kkar gksuk)% I feel your passion for • Deal in (dk O;olk; djuk] cspuk)% Mohan deals
her has cooled down. in diamond.
• Count on/upon (Hkjkslk djuk)% I never count on • Deal with (lEcU/ j[kuk)% I do not deal with a
your help. liar.
• Crop with (cksuk)% He cropped two acres with • Deal with (ds ckjs esa gksuk)% This book deals with
wheat. the burning problems of India.
• Crop up (vk'kk ds foijhr mBuk ;k fn[kkbZ iM+uk)% • Deal with [O;olk; djuk (fdlh O;fDr ds lkFk)]%
Many problems have cropped up in this project. I do not deal with Mohan, the grocer.
• Crowd round (xksycan gksuk)% People crowded • Die away ({kh.k gks tkuk] 'kkar gks tkuk)%
round the spot of the accident. (i) The commotion died away.
• Cry down (fuank djuk)% Many steps of the present (ii) The noise died away.
government have been cried down. • Die down ({kh.k gksuk] de gksuk (mÙkstuk] vkfn)%
• Cry off (le>kSrk rksM+ nsuk] eqdj tkuk)% She had His anger died down.
promised to help me, but she cried off at last. • Die for (xgjh bPNk ;k pkg j[kuk)% She is dying
• Cry up (iz'kalk djuk] c<+k&p<+kdj dguk)% Her for a drink.
performance was not well but She cried it up. • Die off (,d&,d dj ejuk)% The leaves of this
• Cut acroos [T;knk NksVk ekxZ (eSnku] vkfn) ls xqtjuk]: tree are dying off.
As the road was bad, we had to cut across a • Die out (foyhu gksuk] foyqIr gksuk)% Many old
field.
customs have died out.
• Cut away (dkVdj gVk nsuk)% He cut away all the
• Dig out ([kksn dj fudkyuk)% They dug out the
dead branches of the tree.
snake and killed it.
• Cut back (?kVkuk)% The workers did not work
• Dig up (m[kkM+ isQduk)% We dug the trees up by
properly and cut back the production of the fac-
the roots.
tory.
• Dispose of (csp Mkyuk] fuiVkuk)%
• Cut down (dkVdj fxjkuk] NksVk djuk)% We should
stop cutting down trees. (i) She has disposed of her necklace.
• Cut down on ([kir esa deh djuk)% You should (ii) You must dispose of all this work today.
cut down on wine • Do away with (feVk nsuk_ NqVdkjk ikuk)% The Sati
• Cut into (gLr{ksi djuk)% He cut into my story. System was done away with.
• Do down (/ks[kk nsdj) fdlh ls iQk;nk ysuk)% One
• Cut in on (gLr{ksi djuk)% Don't try to cut in on
the conversation. should not try to do one's friends down.
• Cut off (dkVdj vyx djuk] foPNsn djuk_ ekj • Do for (fdlh ds fy, ?kj ds) j[kokyk ds :i esa dke
Mkyuk)% The butcher cut off the head of the cow. djuk)% His juniors have been doing for him since
his wife died.
• Cut out (dk;Z djuk can dj nsuk)% The engine of
• Do in (ekj nsuk)% The dog was done in after it
the car has cut out.
had gone mad.
• Cut out (dkVdj gVkuk)% This article is not impor-
• Do over (fiQj ls ltkuk)% The drawing room
tant, so I want to cut it out.
needs doing over.
• Cut out (gjkuk)% We have to cut out all our ri-
• Do up (O;ofLFkr djuk_ ejEer djuk)%
vals.
(i) This monument needs doing up.
• Cut up (VqdMs&
+ VqdM+s djuk)% She cut up fish.
(ii) Your house needs to be done up.
• Cut up (cckZn dj nsuk)% Our army will cut up the
army of Pakistan. • Do with (mi;ksx djuk] dke pykuk)% Indu is do-
ing with the money you have given her.
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• Do without (ds fcuk dke pykuk_ ij vkfJr u • Drive out (Hkxk nsuk)% He drove out the cows
gksuk)% from the field.
(i) How is he doing without money? • Drop away [(la[;k@ek=kk esa) de gks tkuk)]% The
(ii) We must try to do without others. members of this party are dropping away one by
one.
• Drag into (tcnZLrh ?klhVuk] 'kkfey djuk)% She is
not interested in parties, but her husband drags • Drop across [(vpkud feyuk])% While I was go-
her into going. ing to market. I dropped across Manoj.
• Drag on (lqLr <ax ls pyuk)% All the work in this • Drop back [vyx gks tkuk]% A minor rift made the
office drags on. two lovers drop back.
• Drag on (yEck [khapuk)% He drags out a meet- • Drop in [fdlh ds ;gka vdLekr tkuk ;k dHkh&dHkh
ing. tkuk)% I dropped in for a few minutes to ask
about his health.
• Drag up (cqjs <ax ls ikyu&iks"k.k djuk)% The care-
less parents drag up their children. • Drop off (la[;k ;k ek=kk esa de gks tkuk)% Her
• Drain away/off (rjy inkFkZ dks) cgkuk] fudkyuk)% friends dropped off one by one.
They dug trenches to drain the water away/off. • Drop out (vyx gks tkuk] gVkuk)% Five of the
• Drain away/off [(rjy inkFkZ dk) cguk] fudyuk)% runners dropped out.
The dirty water will soon drain away/off. • Dry up (iwjh rjg lw[kkuk ;k lw[kuk)%
• Draw back (vfuPNk tkfgj djuk_ fn[kkuk_ ihNs (i) She dried up her hair.
gVuk)% He drain back from my proposal. (ii) This river has dried up.
• Draw in (T;knk NksVk gksuk)% The days begin to • Dwell on/upon (fdlh pht ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls
draw in after midsummer. lkspuk] cksyuk ;k fy[kuk)% He dwells on too much
• Draw on (igqapuk)% Night is about to draw on. about his past.
• Draw on (vkdf"kZr djuk_ iqQlykuk)% She drew a • Eat into ([kk tkuk] u"V djuk)% Rust eats into
rich man on. iron.
• Draw out (foLrkfjr djuk)% I want to draw out • Eat up ([kk tkuk)% He has eaten up all the bis-
the subject into five volumes. cuits.
• Draw out (yEck djuk)% The goldsmith heated • End off (lekIr djuk)% As him to end off his
the gold biscuit and drew it out into a long wire. speech.
• Draw up [ fdlh (Vehicle dk) #duk ]% All the • Enter into (izkjaHk djuk_ [kksyuk)% She entered
taxis drew up in front the station. into a conversation with her friends.
• Dream away (lqLrh ls xqtjuk)% Why does she Enter into (ds lkFk lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkuk)% She en-
dream away her time? tered into her friend's feelings.
• Dress down (dBksjrk ls crkZo djuk_ cqjh rjg • Enter on/upon (vkjaHk djuk)% He entered on/
ekjuk)% He is impudent, so I dress him down. upon a career.
• Explain away (O;k[;k }kjk le>kuk fd dksbZ O;fDr
• Drink in (lks[kuk_ pwluk)% Blotting paper drinks
in ink. nks"kh D;ksa ugha gS)% It is difficult for you to explain
away your misconduct with her.
• Drink down/off/up (,d ckj esa xVxV dj ih tkuk)%
He was very thirsty, so he drank a bottle of water • Fade away (eqj>k tkuk)% The flowers in my gar-
down/off/up. den have faded away.
• Drink to [ (LokLF; dh 'kqHkdkeuk ds fy,)efnjk • Fade away (/hjs&/hjs utjksa ls ;k ;knnk'r ls xk;c
ihuk] (fdlh ds uke dk I;kyk ihuk]% He drinks to gksuk)% Daylight faded away.
your health. • Fall away (f[klduk] NksM+uk)% His followers have
begun to fall away.
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• Hit out (tcnZLr izgkj djuk] tcnZLr geyk djuk)% • Keep down (nck snuk] neu djuk)% He fails to
The leader of the oppositioin hit out against the keep down his anger.
state government. • Keep in with (ds lkFk nksLrkuk ;k vPNk lEcU/
• Hit on/upon (gkFk vkuk] lw> iM+uk)% He hit upon cuk;s j[kuk)% You must keep in with your follow-
a plan for making money. ers.
• Hold back (fgpfdpkuk] vfuPNk tkfgj djuk)% Why • Keep off (nwj jguk] ugha vkuk)% It seems that the
are your customers holding back? rains will keep off for a long time.
• Hold back (izxfr esa ck/d gksuk)% His financial • Keep on (tkjh j[kuk)% She kept on dancing al-
crisis is holding him back. though she was tired.
• Hold in (fu;a=k.k esa j[kuk] jksduk)% She requested • Keep out (ckgj jguk)% We must keep out of
him to hold in his temper. their quarrels.
• Hold off (nwj jguk)% When the criminals saw the • Keep to (rd Lo;a dks lhfer j[kuk)% Without
police, they held off. trying to befool us, keep to the subject.
• Hold off (ijs j[kuk] nwj j[kuk)% Hold your dog off. • Keep under (v/hu djuk] nck nsuk)% The police
• Hold on [(ijs'kkuh] vkfn esa) MVs jguk)]: He has manged to keep the rebels under.
learnt to hold out these attacks. • Keep up (tkjh j[kuk_ vPNh voLFKk esa cuk, j[kuk)%
• Hold over (LFkfxr djuk)% The meeting was held Keep up good work.
over for a week. • Keep up with (leku nwjh ;k LFkku ;kpky esa vkuk)%
• Holo up (jksddj j[kuk_ ywVus ds fy, jksdu)% I cannot keep up with you because you are very
(i) He was held up by the police. rich.
(ii) Some travellers were held up by some • Kick out (fu"dkflr djuk)% Why was he kicked
dacoits. out of the bar ?
• Hold with (dk i{k ysuk] leFkZu djuk] vuqeksnu • Knock about (ckj&ckj pksV ;k ;k Bksdj ekjuk)%
djuk)% I do not hold with drinking in presence of The ship was knocked about by storms.
children. • Knock about (b/j&m/j ?kweuk_ ;k=kk djuk vkSj
• Hunt down ([kkst Mkyuk] Nku ekjuk_ gLrh feVkuk)% vuqHko izkIr djuk)% Many of his friends knock
The police will hunt down the criminal. about all over India.
• Hunt for ([kkstuk] <wa<+us dk iz;kl djuk)% I am • Knock down (ekjdj fxjk nsuk)%
hunting for my lost books. (i) She knocked the urffians down.
• Hunt out ([kkstrs gq, ikus dk iz;kl djuk ([kkldj (ii) A boy was knocked down by a jeep.
og pht tks dgha j[k nh xbZ gS vkSj ;kn ls ijs gS)% His • Knock off (can dj nsuk] (dke) NksM+ nsuk)% It is
father is hunting out the diary of 1958. time to knock off for lunch.
• Hush up (fNikuk_ nck ysuk_ 'kkar gksuk)% He tried • Knock out (/Ddk nsdj ;k vk?kkr ls) fudky nsuk]
unsuccessfully to hush up the fact that the woman ekjdj vpsr dj nsuk)% He knocked his opponent
who lived with him was his kept. out.
• Jump at (mRlqdrk ls Lohdkj djuk)% She jumped • Knock up (txkuk)% Please knock her up at five
at his proposal of marriage. o'clock.
• Jump on/upon (geyk djuk_ fuank djuk)% He • Lash out (rhoz izgkj djuk)%
jumped on his rival.
(i) The horse lashed out at him.
• Keep away (from something) (nwj jguk)% Keep
(ii) The leader of the opposition lashed out
away from the elephant.
against the government.
• Keep back (jksd ysuk] nck ysuk)% She was doing
• Laugh at (dk migkl mM+kuk)% We should not laugh
well in dance, but her husband kept her back.
at a man who is int trouble.
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• Play with (ds lkFk f[kyokM+ djuk)% It is wrong • Put away [(njkt] vkyehjk] ikWdsV vkfn esa) ;Fkk
for a man to play with a woman's affection. LFkku j[kuk]: Put your toys away.
• Pull about (cqjs <ax ls O;ogkj djuk)% The rude • Put back (ihNs gVkuk] xfrjks/ djuk] LFkfxr djuk]:
letter was pulled apart. It seems that the meeting will be put back again.
• Pull down (/oLr djuk)% The contractor pulled • Put by (cpkdj j[kuk)% It is always a good idea to
down the old building to construct a new one. have something put by.
• Pull off [(izfr;ksfxrk es)
a thruk] liQy gksuk_)% She • Put down (neu djuk] nck nsuk)% The government
pulled off some good wins at the race. should put down gambling and prostitution.
• Pull out (vyx dj nsuk)% The publisher pulled • Put down to (Js; nsuk)% His failure was put down
out the supplement of the magazine and produced to his carelessness.
it in the form of a book. • Put down for [(fdlh lwph esa) uke ntZ djuk]: He
• Pull in (vkdf"kZr djuk)% This film will surely pull will put you down for a contribution of twenty
in large audience. five thousand rupees.
• Pull round [(chekjh] detksjh] vkfn) ls paxk gksuk)% • Put in (nsuk] lefiZr djuk)% He put in two hours
The sick woman has pulled round. or so campaigning.
• Pull through (ijs'kkfu;ksa] [krjksa dks Vkyus esa liQy • Put in for (ds fy, vkosnu djuk)% He put in for
gksuk)% Being intelligent and courageous, he often the post of accountant.
pulls through. • Put off (LFkfxr djuk)% We should not put off the
• Pull up (MkaVuk] iQVdkjuk)% Children should not meeting.
always be pulled up. • Put on (igy ysuk] /kj.k djuk)% She put on her
• Pull up (jksduk)% He pulled up your business by glasses and went out.
disturbing your customers. • Put out (cq>kk nsuk)% Radha put out the lamp and
• Push along (fdlh O;fDr dks NksM+uk_ dksbZ LFkku went to sleep.
NksM+uk)% I must push along as I feel some diffi- • Put through (tkjh j[kuk)% He asked his son to
culty here put through his business deal.
• Push off (tkuk] izLFkku djuk)% Ask the wicked girl • Put up (mBkuk] [kM+k djuk)% They put up their
to push off. hands in favour of my proposal.
• Push over (fxjk nsuk] myV nsuk)% Many old men • Put upon (vuqfpr ykHk mBkuk)% We do not like to
and women were pushed over in the stampede. be put upon.
• Push through (fo'ks"k iz;kl ds }kjk fdlh pht dks • Put up with (cnf'kr djuk)% I cannot put up with
fu"d"kZ dh fLFkfr esa ykuk ;k igqapkuk)% This legisla- such an insult.
tion should be pushed through. • Read out (cksydj i<+uk)% She was forced to read
• Push up (ew Y;] vkfn dks) c<+ us ds fy, ckè; out the letter.
djuk)% The black marketeers push up the prices • Rub in (fdlh ckr ij iwjh rjg tksj nsrs tkuk ftls dksbZ
of commodities. O;fDr ;kn ugha djuk pkgrk gS)% All right, there is no
• Put about [(viQokg vkfn) iQSykuk)% A rumour need to rub it in.
was put about to the effect that she had eloped • Rub off (jxM+dj lkiQ djuk)% She rubbed off the
with her lover. dirt with her hand.
• Put across [(fdlh pht dks) liQykriwoZd izLrqr • Rub out (fy[kh gqbZ pht dks diM+k ;k jcj ls jxM+dj
dj nsuk] crk nsuk]: It is difficult for him to put feVk nsuk)% He wrote a few lines in his copy and
across his ideas. rubbed them out.
• Put aside [(cpkuk] cpr djuk)]: Put aside some • Rule out (;ksX; ugha ekuuk] ds iz'u ls ckgj ekuuk)%
money for future. The B.J.P. ruled out the possiblity of any alliance
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• Try out (dh ijh{kk ysuk_ vktekuk)% We are trying • Wait up (ltx jguk_ izrh{kk esa tkxrs jguk)% Wait
out another idea to help the blind students. up, she can come here any time.
• Tumble down (fxj tkuk)% This old building is in • Wait upon (bartkj djuk_ lsok esa izLrqr jguk)% He
danger of tumbling down. always waits upon his mistress.
• Tumble over (yq<d
+ iM+uk] fxj iM+uk)% The little • Wake up (txuk)% He wakes up before sunrise.
girl tumbled over and broke her legs. • Wake up (txkuk)% Wake him up before sunrise.
• Turn against (nq'eu cuk tkuk)% He has turned • Wake up to (pkSd mBuk_ gks'k esa vkuk)% Lastly,
against his brothers. people began to wake up to the danger they were
• Turn away [(ukSdjh ls) fudky nsuk_ gVk nsuk)% As facing.
my servant was dishonest, I have turned him • Walk away from (vklkuh ls NksM+ nsuk@Uk"V dj nsuk)%
away. Is she going to walk away from her marriage?
• Turn back (ykSVuk] okil vkuk_ ykSVkuk] okil dj • Walk into (esa iaQl tkuk)% She has walked into
nsuk)% trouble.
(i) Raman has not turned back yet. • Walk in on (ijs'kku djuk)% He walked in on me
(ii) She has turned back all your letters. while I was preparing a note.
• Turn down (vLohdkj djuk] jí dj nsuk)% Mohini • Walk off (NksM+uk_ vyx gksuk_ ihNk NqM+kuk)% He
has turned down Mohan's proposal of marriage. walked off his headache by having a walk in the
• Turn into (gks tkuk] cu tkuk)% Water turns into morning.
ice at o' centigrade. Water turns into vapour when • Walk off with (pqjk ys tkuk_ fcuk iwNs ys tkuk)% He
it is heated. walked off with my watch.
• Turn off [fn'kk cnyuk] nwljh lM+d ds fy, (,d • Walk out (fojks/ Lo:i pys tkuk_ gM+rky ij pyk
lM+d NksMu+ k)]: We should turn off here. tkuk)% The workers of his factory walked out
• Turn on (fuHkZj djuk)% The success of our picnic yesterday.
will turn on the weather. • Walk up (igqapuk)% A beggar walked up to me
• Turn out (fudky ckgj djuk)% He turned out his and asked for money.
tenant. • Wash away/off/out (/ksdj gVkuk)% The washerman
• Turn over (yq<d
+ uk_ yq<d
+ kuk)% has washed away the blood stains.
• Wash down (/ks Mkyuk)% He ordered his servant
(i) He turned over in bed.
to wash down the car.
(ii) The doctor turned the child over and gave
• Wash up [(crZu vkfn) ekatuk]% The maid servant
an injection in his right buttock.
will wash up the dinner set.
• Turn to (dh vksj eqM+uk ;k mUeq[k gksuk_ dh lgk;rk
• Watch for (ds ckjs esa lko/ku jguk)% We have to
ekaxuk)% There came a time when he had to turn
watch for the party problem.
to his enemies for help.
• Watch out (lko/ku jguk] lrdZ jguk)% Unless you
• Turn up (mifLFkr gksuk)% Very few people turned
watch out, he may kill you.
up on his nuptials.
• Watch over (ns[k&js[k djuk)% God watches over
• Turn upon (ij vkfJr gksuk)% Don't try to turn
us.
upon others.
• Wave aside ([kkfjt dj nsuk] njfdukj dj nsuk)%
• Wait about/around (fdlh ls feyus ds iwoZ fcuk
The judge waved your objection aside.
eryc ds cgqr le; xqtkj nsuk)% Please, don't keep
• Wave down (gkFk fn[kkdj xkM+h jksduk)% While I
her waiting about/around at the gate.
was returning from the cinema late last night, a
• Wait on (ukSdj ds :i esa lsok djuk)% She waits policeman waved me down.
on her husband.
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• Wave off (fonk djuk)% I went to the airport to • Work on/upon (izHkkfor djuk] mÙksftr djuk)% Her
wave off my friend's children. sufferings worked upon my feelings so much that
• Wind down [can djuk (dksbZ O;olk;)]: He is go- I gave her all the help she needed.
ing to wind down his business. • Work out (gy djuk)% She worked out all the
• Wind up (lekiu djuk)% It is now time to wind problems without any difficulty.
up the game. • Work up (mÙksftr djuk] HkM+dkuk)% He worked
• Wipe away/off (iksN
a Mkyuk] iksN
a dj gVk nsuk)% himself up into a state of hysteria.
(i) He wiped away her tears with a handker- • Write (somebody) down (ds :i esa o.kZu djuk)%
chief. I will write her down as a rare beauty.
(ii) She needs a handkerchief to wip off the sand. • Write down [(fy[kuk] fyfic¼ djuk (dkxt ij):
• Wipe out (vfLrRo feVk nsuk)% Epidemics broke You may write down my address.
out in this village and wiped out all the population. • Write out (iwjk fy[kuk@lfoLrkj fy[kuk)% Write
• Wipe up (fdlh pht ls@ij ls /wy] rjy dks diM+k out a copy of the agreement between us.
ls gVk nsuk)% The waiter wiped up the table. • Write up (izdk'ku ds fy, jpuk djuk_ ys[kd dk
• Work off [(xqLlk] ijs'kkuh] vkfn ij) dkcw ikuk]
dke djuk)%
NwVdkjk ikuk)% She worked off her anger by beat- (i) He is writing up a novel.
ing her children. (ii) Mis. Mehta is writing up for the newspa-
pers.
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6. SOME TROUBLESOME WORDS
1. Abatement (lekiu] deh] NwV] dVkSrh)% The ar- Adapt (vuqdwy cukuk] vuqdy w djuk)% One of my
rival of the police helped the abatement in the friends adapted himself to the new organisation.
incidence of crimes. Adept (fuiq.k] dq'ky] n{k)% Sachin Tendulkar is
Abetement (nq"izsj.k] mdlkgr)% Her abetment adept in cricket.
in making the situation from bad to worse is now 11. Advice (lykg)% We must follow the advice of
an open secret. our elders.
2. Accede (LFkku izkIr djuk] Lohdkj djuk)% Queen Advise (lykg nsuk)% The teacher advised the
Victoria acceded to the throne in 1837. students to work hard.
Exceed (vfrØe.k djuk] lhek ls ckgj tkuk)% 12. Affection (Lusg] yxko)% She has a lot of affec-
Their success exceeded all expectations. tion for me.
3. Accent (Lojk?kkr] mPPkkj.k fpà)% The speaker's Affectation (<ksx
a ] cukoVhiu] fn[kkok)% His little
accent was not well. affectation irriated her.
Assent (lger gksuk] LohÑfr nsuk)% My father did 13. Affluence (foiqyrk] izpqjr)% He quickly rose to
not assent your proposal. affluence and became wealthy.
4. Accept (Lohdkj djuk)% She offered me a gift Effluence (cfg"izokg] cfg%L=kko)% The effluence
and I accepted it. from the leather factory should be strictly stopped.
Except (flok;)% Everyone except Raju came. 14. Air (gok] ok;q)% Polluted air can be the cause of
5. Accomplish (iwjk djuk] laokjuk] fu[kkjuk)% We our death.
hope to accomplish the construction work of this Heir (mÙkjkf/dkjh)% Mr. Sen did not leave an heir
project in time. behind him.
Accomplice (lgvijk/h] lgdehZ)% His accom- 15. Alien (ijk;k] fons'kh)% As I am an alien, I have
plice in the bank robbery was shot dead in an en- no privilege to cast my vote.
counter with the police.
Align (iafDrc¼djuk] le>kSrk djuk)% Pakistan is
6. Acetic (rstkch vEyh;)% Vinegar is always ace-
not ready to alian with India on the Kashmir is-
tic in taste. sue.
Ascetic (oSjkxh_ lU;klh)% A group of ascetics 16. Ailment (chekjh)% Her ailment made me anx-
came to the temple of my village. ious.
7. Action (deZ] dk;Z ] dk;Zokgh)% The police took Element (rRo] vo;o)% Justice is an important
stern action against the kidnappers. element of a good government.
Auction (uhyke_ uhyke djuk)% I bougth a televi- 17. All ready (iw.kZ rS;kj)% The police were all ready
sion set in the auction. to nab the criminals.
8. Adage (dgkor] yksdksfDr)% 'United we stand, di- Already (igys ls gh] igys gh)% She had already
vided we fall is an adage. danced before I came.
Edge (fdukjk] Nksj)% The sharp edge of the blade 18. All right ('all is right'): All right, I will see you
cut my toe badly. soon.
9. Addition (;ksx] tksM+] ladyu)% She is good at Alright: Note: "alright" is an incorrect form and
addition and subtraction. it should be avoided.
Edition (laLdj.k)% This is the latest edition of A 19. All round (pkSrjiQk] loZrkse[
q kh)% He is an all round
miror of Common Errosr. sportsman.
10. Adopt (xksn ysuk] viuk cukuk)% Mrs. Singh adopted All around (pkSrjiQk)% You will find the sand all
an orphan boy. around there.
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20. All together (,d lkFk] lkFk&lkFk)% The sheep Essay (fuca/] lkfgfR;d jpuk] izFke ys[ku)% We
moved all together in the same direction. have to write three essays in this examination.
Altogethe (iw.kZr)% I don't altogether agree with 31. Assess (dj yxkuk] tqekZuk djuk] ewY;kadu djuk]
you. fuèkkZfjr djuk)% Assess the damage at Rs 35000.
21. Allude (bZ'kkjk djuk] ladr
s djuk)% You alluded to Ashes (HkLe] jk[k)% Ashes were all that remained
certain latest developments in your speech. of her books after the fire.
Elude (cp fudyuk] Vkyuk)% He eluded the po- 32. Attach (yxkuk] tksM+uk] tCr djuk] lfEefyr djuk)%
lice for weeks. Please, attach a lable to each piece of luggage.
22. Altar (osnh)% She laid the offerings on the altar. Attache (jktnwr&lgk;d)% I am going to talk to
Alter (cnyuk)% Her decision never alters. the U.S. attache.
23. Amoral (uhfr ckã] uhfr fujis{k)% Such things are 33. Aught (d.k] fdafpr] dksbZ oLrq] va'k)% Tell me
amoral by nature. aught you know about this match.
Immoral (vuSfrd)% Some people still think it im- Ought (pkfg,)% We ought to start at once.
moral to have sex before marriage. 34. Aural (d.kZ lac/a h] dku ls lac¼)% Mr. Sinha is an
24. Angel (nsonwr] LoxZnwr] iQfj'rk)% Angels are usu- aural surgeon.
ally shown in pictures as human beings dressed in Oral (ekSf[kd] tckuh] eq[korhZ)% He is eager to
white with wings. give an oral test.
Angle (dks.k] n`f"Vdks.k)% We must look into the 35. Axle (/qjh] dhyh] v{k)% The back axle of the car
case from a different angle. is broken.
25. Antic (fofp=k] foy{k.k gjdr tks nwljksa dks galkus ds Excel (ls c<+dj gksuk] vkxs fudy tkuk] mRÑ"V dk;Z
mís'; ls dh tk,)% People laugh at the clown's silly djuk)% The firm excels in producing cheap ra-
antics. dios.
Antique (izkphu] iqjkru)% He deals in antique 36. Bacon (lwvj dk ekal)% She didn't like bacon.
objects. Beacon (chdu] ladrs izdk'k] |ksrd] vkdk'knhi)%
26. Appraise (ewY;kadu djuk)% It would be unwise to The teachings of Lord Buddha served as a bea-
buy the house before having it appraised. con to me in my struggle for success.
27. Artist (dykdkj] dykizseh[ laxhrdkj)% He is a 37. Bad (cqjk] [kjkc] v;ksX;] ?kfV;k] vuqi;qDr)% You
great artist. can't take photographs if the light is bad.
Artiste (uV] vfHkusrk] xk;d] dkjhxj)% Among the Bed ('k ;k)] fcLrj] iyax] pkjikbZ)% The beggar's
artistes apperaring on the stage tonight we have bed was a park bench.
Kumar Shanu.
38. Bag (FkSYkk] cksjk] >ksyk)% She gave me a bag full of
28. Ascent (mRFkku] vkjksg.k] p<+kbZ)% Who was the fruit.
first man to make an ascent on Mount Everest?
Beg (Hkh[k ekaxuk] izrh{kk esa cSBs jguk] mRlqdrk ls
29. Aspire (vdka{kk djuk] egRokdka{kk j[kuk] mQapk mBuk)% ekaxuk)% He was so poor that he had to beg from
Aspiring musicians must practise many hours a passers-by.
day.
39. Bait (tkuoj ;k eNyh idM+us ds fy, pkjk yxkuk)%
Expire (cq>uk] vUr ;k [kRe gksuk)% Our present Bait a hook with a worm.
lease of the flat expires next month. Bat (fpexknM+_ cYyk)% He has not seen a bat.
Inspire (izsfjr djuk] izsj.kk nsuk] fnekx esa fcBkuk)%
40. Bale (xV~Bj] xkaB] caMy)% The cloth was packed
His noble example inspired the rest of us to make
in bales.
greater efforts.
Bail (tekur] izfrHkwfr])% The magistrate granted
30. Assay ('kq¼rk dh ijh{kk] tka p] fu/kZj.k] iz ;ksx)%
him bail.
Make an assay of an ore.
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Ball (xsan] danqd] xksyk)% The boys were playing Besides (vykok)% She presented me a tie be-
foot ball in the field. sides a suit.
41. Bawl (fpYykuk] ph[kuk)% That boy has been bawl- 51. Biannual (lky esa nks ckj gksus okyk)% A biannual
ing for hours. meeting was held in my college.
Bowl (I;kyk] dVksjk] fdlh oLrq dk Hkhrjh xksykdkj Biennial (}Sokf"kZd] f}o"kZO;kih)% The biennial
fjDr Hkkx)% He drank the water from a big bowl tournament ended successfully.
42. Bare ([kqyk gqvk] vuko``r] uaxk] ttZj] FkksM+k)% I do 52. Block ([kaM] fiaM] lkapk] BIik] iz[kaM] Nkik)% He
not like to run bare foot. beat the thief with a block of wood.
Bear (jhN] Hkkyw] eanfM+;k)% A grisly bear became Bloc (xqV] ny)% There are many political blocs
the centre of attraction in my village. in our country.
Beer (tkS dh 'kjkc] fc;j)% Mr. Sinha drinks a 53. Blonde (lqugjh] xksjh)% Who was that blonde
bottle of beer in a day. girl I saw you with last night?
43. Baron (lkear] uokc] tehankj)% Mr Shahay be- Blond (lqugjk] xksjk)% I saw a blond boy in the
came one of the top barons in my district. cinema hall.
Barren (cka>] vuqoZj] catj] uhjl] fujFkZd)% A bar- 54. Brake (czsd] jksd] jks/d)% His brakes failed on a
ren lady adopted a beautiful girl. steep hill.
Barn ([kfygku] dksBkj)% He sleeps in his barn at Break (rksM+uk] foHkDr djuk] VqdM+s djuk)% She
night. dropped the plate and it broke into pieces.
44. Batter (isQ
a Vuk] fcxkM+uk] pdukpwj djuk)% He bat- 55. Breath ('okla] lkal] ne)% His breath smelt of
tered the door down. garlic.
Better (vf/d vPNk] mUur] ifj'kq¼] vf/d Ñikyq)% Breathe (lakl ysuk] lkal [khapuk] ne ysuk)% He
You are a better man than I (am). was breathing hard after running for the train.
Better (lq/kjuk)% I hope you will better your 56. Bridal (fookg lac/a h] oSokfgd)% I attended a bridal
performance this time. party last night.
45. Beach (leqnz rV)% I like to take a sun bath on the Bridle (yxke] fu;a=k.k] ckxMksj)% I bridled his
beach. tongue.
Bitch (dqÙkh)% He has a lovely bitch. 57. Bustard (fuyksj] lksgu fpfM+;k)% I saw a bustare
46. Beatify (vkuafnr djuk] /U; ?kksf"kr djuk)% After in the zoo.
hearing the teachings of my guru I feel beatified. Bastard (o.kZladj larku] gjkeh] uktk;t larku)% I
Beautify (laqnj cukuk)% Mr. Kunal was engaged was shocked to hear that Sohan was a bastard.
in beautifying his garden. 58. Callous (dBksj] l[r] fu"Bqj)% I never saw a cal-
47. Beet (pqdanj)% I like eating beet-roots. lous man like you.
Callus (peM+s dk eksVk ;k ?kuk Hkkx)% My wound
Beat (ihVuk] ekjuk] pksV igqapkuk)% Somebody was
has healed but that part of the skin has turned cal-
beating at the door.
lus.
48. Bellow (xjtuk] xtZu djuk] ph[kuk] Mdjuk)% The
59. Canal (ugj] fo'kk[kk)% The Suez Canal joins the
tiger bellowed angrily.
Mediterrancean Sea and the Red Sea.
Below (uhps] ds uhps] fupys LFkku ij)% Please do
Kennel (dqDdqj'kkyk] ykseM+h dh ekan])% I made a
not write below this line.
beautiful kennel for my dog.
49. Berth (xkM+h esa lksus dh txg)% I could not get a
60. Cannon (rksi] ukykfLFk)% Indian military forces
berth in the train.
destroyed the enemy with heavy cannon fire.
Birth (tUe)% I do not know the date of his birth.
Canon (dkuwu] fu;e] vf/fu;e] fl¼kar)% This film
50. Beside (cxy esa)% A stranger sat beside me. breaks all the canons of good taste.
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areas of Africa are affected by drought. some goats.
96. Dual (}Sr] nksgjk] f}fo/)% She has played a dual 107. Gate (}kjk] iQkVd] izo's k }kjk)% The garden gate is
in your affairs. very high.
Duel (}U} ;q¼] >xM+k] yM+kbZ)% He defeated me in Gait (pky] pyus dk <ax] dne pky)% She walks
that duel. with an unsteady gait.
97. Edict (jktkKk] iQjeku] /ekZns'k)% We should obey 108. Gauge or Gage (eki] uki] xst] ekud)% What
the edicts of parliament. gauge of wire should we use for the wiring work.
Addict (vkfn gksuk] yr yxkuk] O;lu yxkuk)% He Gauze (tkyh)% A gauze patch was applied to his
was addicted to drinking. wound.
98. Electric (fo|qr lEcU/h_ fctyh ls lEcfU/r)% He Gaze (VdVdh_ VdVdh yxkdj ns[kuk)% He gazed
deals in electric goods. at a beautiful looking girl.
Electrical (fo|qr)% She is an electrical engineer. 109. Genteel (dqyhu] f'k"V)% She is too genteel to be
99. Elementary (izkFkfed] izkjafHkd] ewy)% I want to criticised.
teach him elementary mathematics. Gentle (Hknz] lqTtu] dksey] ean)% I like a man
Alimentary (iks"k.kkRed] vkgkj laca/h)% His ali- with a gentle heart.
mentary canal is badly damaged. 110. Hail (vksyk] vksyko`f"V)% A hail- storm lashed the
100. Eminent (izfl¼] Js"B)% Mr. Anand is an emi- town.
nent scholar. Hale (LoLFk] etcwr rxM+k)% I never saw a hale
Imminent (lkfUudV_ 'kh?kz gksus okyh (?kVuk)% A man like you.
storm is imminent. 111. Hare ([kjxks'k] [kjgk)% The hunter killed a hare
101. Envelop (<duk] can djuk] fNikuk)% A baby was with a knife.
enveloped in a blanket. Hair (ds'k] cky] jksoka)% There is a hair in my
Envelope (fyiQkiQk)% I bought an airmail enve- soup.
lope. Heir (mÙkjkf/dkjh)% He has no heir
102. Extant (izpfyr] fo|eku] ekStwn)% I have seen the Here (;gk¡)% Come here soon.
earliest extant manuscript of his poem. Hear (lquuk@lquokbZ djuk)% The judge is hearing
Extent (foLrkj] iSQyko] lqfoLr`r {ks=k)% I was amazed the case.
at the extent of his knowledge. 112. Heal (vkjksX; ;k LoLFk cukuk] ?kko Hkjuk)% The cut
103. Fair (lqanj] mTtoy] pednkj] lkiQ)% Farmers are soon healed, but it left a scar.
hoping for fair weather. Heel (,aM
s h)% I have some pain in my heel.
Fare (HkkM+k] fdjk;k] ;k=kh)% What is the bus fare 113. Heroin (eknd inkFkZ] gSjkbu] ekWfiZQu ls O;qRiUu inkFkZ)%
to London? Your addiction to heroin has ruined you.
104. Final (vafre] vk[kjh] fu.khZr)% Today I read the Heroine (ohjkMuk] ukVd dh ukf;dk)% Madhuri
final chapter of his book. Dixit is the heroine of the film 'Tejab'.
Finale (var] lekfIr] lekiu (laxhr jpukesa))% I 114. Hey (izlUUrk] iz'ulwpd] è;kukd"khZ vO;;)% Hey,
saw the grand finale of a pantomime last night. come and look at this.
105. Flair (varcksZ/] varizjs.kk] Vksg ysu dh {kerk] tUetkr Hay (lw[kh ?kkl] 'kq"d ?kkl)% They are playing in a
izo`fÙk)% He doesn't show much flair for the piano. hay-field.
Flare (HkHkd] yiV] mÙkst] iznhfIr)% The fire flared 115. Historic (bfrgkl izfl¼] ,sfrgkfld)% Jolota gave
up as I put more logs on it. a historic programme here last night.
106. Foul (xank] efyu] v'yhy] ?k`f.kr] ?kfV;k)% This Historical (,sfrgkfld] bfrgkl lEcU/h)% She has
medicine tastes foul. visited a lot of historical places.
Fowl (ikyrw eqxhZ] eqxhZ)% We keep afew fowls and
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116. Hoard (xksnke] [ktkuk] dks"k] xqIrLFkku)% Last night Industrious (m|eh] ifjJeh] vè;olk;h)% This
I found a miser's hoard. factory needs a large number of industrious
Horde ([kkukcnks'k tkfr] HkhM+ >qaM)% There were workers.
hordes of people on either side of the road. 126. Jest (gkL;kLin pht] etkd] fnYyxh] pqVdqyuk)%
117. Holy ('kq¼ ikou] /ekZRek] ifo=k)% I have bathed in Many a true word is spoken in jest.
the holy water of the Ganga. Zest (mRlkg)% The zest of the Indian cricket team
Holey (Nsnnkj] lqjkxnkj] fNfnzy)% This book is all in Sharajh was remarkable.
holey, so it looks bad. 127. Kettle (dsryh] nsxph)% Clean the kettle and make
118. Homely (?kjsyw] ifjfpr] lknk] lk/kj.k] Hksksyk&Hkkyk)% some tea.
I want a homely servant for my house. Cattle (i'kq] eos'kh)% The prisoners were herded
Homily (mins'k] izopu] /eksZins'k)% I read the book like cattle.
in which the homillies of M.K. Gandhi are de- 128. Knot (xkaB] fookg ca/u] eqlhcr] laqnj D;kjh)% Make
scribed. a knot at the end of the rope.
119. Hop (,d Vkax ij dwnuk] iqQnduk] yaxM+kuk)% He had Nought ('kwU;] dqN ugha])% Write three noughts
hurt his left foot and had to hop along. on the blackborad.
Hope (vk'kk] mEehn] Hkjkslk] vkdka{kk)% Our hope 129. Later (nsj djds] nsj ls] nsj rd)% At first things
for fine weather was not disappointed. went well, but later on we ran into trouble.
Hoop (NYyk] ?ksjk] vaxwBh)% He has bought a bar- Latter (ckn dk)% He did not give me the answer
rel bound with iron hoops. to the latter part of the question.
120. Human (ekuoh;)% Human life is full of ups and 130. Lather (isQu] >kx)% Make up a lather on your
down. chin before shaving.
Humane (n;kyq)% M.K. Gandhi was a man of Leather (peZ] peM+k)% This sofa is covered in
humance nature. real leather.
121. Imaginary (dkYifud)% He is talking about an 131. Lesser (de] NksVk] y?kqrj] ?kfV;k)% This is the
imaginary country. lesser of the two evils.
Imaginative (dYiuk'khy)% Wordsworth was an Lessor (iV~Vknkrk] iVVkdÙkkZ)% I am the lessor of
imaginative poet. this field.
122. Except (flok] vfrfjDr)% I like everybody ex- 132. Licence (vuqKfIr] vuqKk i=k)% This used to be a
cept Ram. pub but the landlord has lost his licence.
Expect (vk'kk djuk] mEehn djuk)% You cannot License (vuqKk i=k nsuk)% These shops are li-
expect to learn a foreign language in a week. censed to sell tobacco.
123. Informant (lwpd] lwpuknkrk] tkudkjh nsuo s kyk)% 133. Locale (LFkku] fLFkfr)% The director is looking for
The journalist did not want to reveal the identity of a suitable locale for his new film.
the informant. Local (LFkkuh;) There is no local train for this
Informer (eq[kfcj] lwpuk nsus okyk O;fDr)% He station.
was killed by criminals because he was an informer 134. Loose (<hyk] eqDr] ca/ueqDr] LoPNan)% She likes
of police.
to wear a loose frock.
124. Ingenious (es/koh] dq'ky] izoh.k)% An ingenious
Lose ([kks nsuk] oafpr gks tkuk] volj [kks nsuk)% He
mind can solve this difficult crossword puzzle.
lost a leg in an accident in the factory.
Ingenuous (ljy] lPPkk] fu"diV] laHkzkar): I like
Loss (gkfu] ?kkVk] {k;)% The loss of his wife was
an ingenous smile of man.
a great blow to him.
125. Industrial (vkS|ksfxd)% Ahamadabad is an indus-
135. Mail (Mkd FkSyk] iklZy] Mkd xkM+h)% He sent me a
trial town.
letter by air mail.
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Knight [lkear] 'kwjohj] ?kksMk+ ('krjat dk)]: A knight 153. Plait (pquu] pquV] flyoV] f'kdu] >qjhZ)% There are
killed five robbers. two plaits in your shirt.
144. Pain (nnZ] ihM+k] rdyhiQ] osnuk] O;Fkk)% She feels Plate (ifV~Vdk] pknj] r'rjh] Fkkyh)% We should
some pain in the back. use paper plates in a function.
Pane (f[kM+dh esa yxh dkap dh iV~Vh)% I broke my 154. Polish (ped] ikWfy'k)% She does not use any nail
window pane last night. polish.
145. Pair (tksM+k] ;qXe] ;qxy] uj&eknk)% I bought a pair Police (iqfyl] vkj{kh] iqfyl ds flikgh] vkj{kd)%
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There were over 100 police men on duty at the 163. Relive (fiQj ls thuk] iqu% thou ikuk] fiQj ls gks'k esa
railway station. vkuk)% I relived that fateful day over and over in
155. Pore (ja/z] fNnz] jkse dwi)% He was sweating at my mind.
every pore. Relieve (vkjke nsuk] NqVdkjk nsuk] eqDr djuk] ?kVkuk)%
Pour (cgkuk] izokfgr djuk_ cguk)% I turned down This drug will relieve your pain.
over the bucket and the water poured all over the 164. Right (Bhd] lgh] U;k;iw.kZ] U;k;ksfpr] vPNk)% You
floor. were quite right in deciding to refuse her offer.
156. Practice (vH;kl)% The idea would never work Rite (/kfeZd laLdkj)% His last rites were per-
in practice. formed last night.
Practise (vH;kl djuk)% I am not practising Write (fy[kuk] jpuk djuk] i=k Mkyuk)% The teacher
enough to win this race. asked the boy to write a letter.
157. Pray (fourh djuk] ;kpuk djuk] oanuk djuk] iwtk 165. Rubble (jksM+]s vux<+s iRFkj)% This road is made of
djuk)% They prayed to God for an end to their rubble.
sufferings. Rabble (HkhM+] tekoM+k] fuEu oxZ)% The cruel rabble
Prey (f'kdkj_ f'kdkj djuk_ ywVikV] djuk)% The destroyed the building.
lion was eating its prey. 166. Sail (iksr ls vkxs c<+uk] iksr ls lSj djuk)% The ship
158. Quarry ([kqyh [kku] [kknku] lwpuk dk lzkr
s )% She is sails along the coast.
the daughter of the owner of a marble quarry. Sale (foØ;] fcØh] fofue;)% I am sorry this paint-
Query (iwNrkN] tkap&iM+rky] lansg)% Your report ing is not for sale.
raises several important queries. Sell (cspuk] foØ; djuk] iQjks[r djuk)% Can she
159. Quite (iw.kZr;k] iwjh rjg] lepqp] oLrqr%)% The be persuaded to sell the horse?
theatre was not quite full. 167. Sore (nq%[kh)% She becomes a bit sore to remem-
Quiet ('kkafr] ekSu] fLFkj] xaHkhj] lkSE;)% The teacher ber the accident.
asked the boy to be quiet. Soar (gok esa mQij&uhps tkuk] mM+uk)% The jet soared
160. Refuse (budkj djuk)% She refused to marry in the sky.
him. 168. Soul (vkRek)% Do you believe in the immortality
Refuge (vkJ;)% They sought refuge from the of the soul?
storm. Sole (,dkadh] vdsyk)% The failure of the brake
161. Region ({ks=k] bykdk] izn's k] vf/dkj {ks=k)% I have was the sole cause of the accident.
pain in the abdominal region. 169. Story (dgkuh)% She told me a beautiful love story.
Reason (dkj.k] rdZ] nyhy] ;qfDr)% Give the rea- Storey (eafty)% He has built a five storey build-
sons for the downfall of the Mughal Empire. ing.
162. Reign (jkT;] 'kklu] lkezkT;] 'kkludky)% The revo- 170. Weak (detksj)% She is too weak to walk.
lution was followed by a reign of terror. Week (lIrkg)% Meenakshi comes to see me twice
Rain (o"kkZ] o`f"V] ckSNkj] cjlkr)% Don't go out in a week.
the rain.
171. Zealous (mRlkgh)% Indians were zealous for lib-
Rein (yxke] ckxMksj] jkl)% The rider pulled the erty before 1947.
rein of the horse. Jealous (bZ";kZyq] Mkgh)% He was jealous of Ram's
success.
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7. VERBS, ADJECTIVES & NOUNS FOLLOWED
BY PREPOSITIONS
Verbs Followed by Prepositions ness, etc.)
1. Abound (cgqrk;r esa gksuk] vf/drk esa gksuk) in or 20. Appeal (iqufoZpkj dh izkFkZuk djuk ;k vihy djuk)
with something to the judge/somebody
2. Absolve (iki] nks"k vkfn ls eqDr djuk) of or from Appeal (iqufoZpkj dh izkFkZuk djuk) for mercy/
a charge something.
Appeal (iqufoZpkj dh viyh djuk] è;ku vkÑ"V
3. Abstain (ijgst djuk) from wine, somking
djuk) against a sentence
4. Accede (Lohdkj djuk) to a request
21. Apply (vkosnu djuk) to a person
5. Accord (lger gksuk_ esy [kkuk) with something
Apply (vkosnu djuk) for some post/something
6. Accrue (lwn vkfn ds :i esa c<+uk) to somebody
7. Accuse (vfHk;ksx yxkuk] nks"kkjksi.k djuk) some-
23. Argue (rdZ ;k cgl djuk) with a person for or
body of something (theft, murder, etc.)
against a point
8. Acquiesce (lger ;k jkth gksuk) in something (a
24. Arrive (igqapuk] izkIr djuk) at a conclusion
decision, etc.)
Arrive (igqapuk) at a station/a place
9. Acquit (vijk/ ;k vfHk;ksx ls eqDr djuk) a person
of all charges/all complicity. Arrive (igqapuk) in a country
10. Adapt (vuqdwy cukuk) to new surroundings 25. Ask (ekaxuk] ;kpuk djuk) for something (assis-
tance, etc.)
11. Adhere (fpiduk] fdlh er ij n`<+ jguk) to a
plan/a rule/a principle Ask (iwNrkN djuk) of or from somebody
12. Admit (eku ysuk] Lohdkj ysuk) of or into a secret 26. Associate (feyuk] lekxe djuk) with a group
13. Admonish (lk/jk.k psrkouh nsuk] MkaVuk) of or for
a fault 27. Attribute (Js; nsuk) Something to somebody/
somebody's help, etc.
14. Agree (lger gksuk] ,der gksuk) to a proposal
28. Blame (nks"k yxkuk) a person for something
Agree (lger gksuk] ,d er gksuk) on some matter
Blame (nks"k yxkuk) something on somebody
15. Aim (y{; cukuk] mís'; cukuk] fu'kkuk yxkuk) at a
target
29. Blush [(vkuan] yTtk vkfn ls) eq[k eaMy yky gksuk]
Aim at doing something
at some thought, an embarassing situation, etc.
16. Alight (lokjh ij ls mrjuk) from a bus/a train,
Blush [(yTtk ls) eq[k eaMy yky gksuk] for/
etc.
with shame
Alight (mrjuk) on the ground
30. Border (fdukjk gksuk] lhek gksuk) on a place
17. Allude (ladsr dj dguk) to a fact
31. Borrow (m/kj ysuk] ½.k ysuk) of or from a
18. Answer (mÙkj nsuk) to a person friend/somebody
Answer (mÙkj nsuk) for misconduct/something. 32. Break the news (lekpkj nsuk) of somebody's death
Break bad news (cqjk lekpkj nsuk) to a friend/to
19. Apologize ({kek ;k ekiQh ekaxuk) to somebody somebody
Break (rksMu
+ k fudkyuk) (sever/cut relations) with
Apologize ({kek ekaxuk) for something (rude- somebody
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77. Deprive (oafpr djuk) a person of a thing 97. Enter ('kkfey gksuk) into a new era/a conversa-
78. Desist (NksM+ nsuk) from an attempt tion/ one's plan
79. Despair (fujk'k gksuk) of success Enter ('kq#vkr djuk) upon a career
80. Deviate (iFkHkz"V gksuk] xqejkg gksuk) from a certain 98. Entrust (lkSia uk] lqin
q Z djuk) something with some-
course thing
81. Determine (r; djuk] fuf'pr djuk) on doing Entrust (lqiqnZ djuk) (something to somebody
something 99. Escape (cpdj fudy tkuk) from a cage/ jail
82. Die (ejuk) of a disease/ an illness/ hunger/ star- 100. Excel (mRÑ"V gksuk) in something
vation/ thirst/ grief/ shame 101. Exchange (fofu;e djuk) one thing for another
Die (ejuk) from a wound/over eating/ over drink- Exchange (fofu;e djuk) something with a per-
ing/ food poisoning son
Die (ejuk) by violence/ one's own hand 102. Excuse ({kek djuk) for something
Die (ejuk) through neglect. Excuse (eqDr djuk_ NwV nsuk) from something
Die (ejuk) for one's country/one's belief 103. Exempt (eqDr djuk] cjh djuk) a person from a
Die (ejuk) in one's bed/ battle / accident. fine
Die (ejuk) in harness 104. Exonerate (funksZ"k Bgjkuk cjh djuk) a person
Die with (ds lkFk lekIr gks tkuk@foyqIr gks tkuk) from blame/some charge
somebody 105. Fail (vliQy gksuk) in an attempt
83. Differ (vlger gksuk] erHksn gksuk) with/from a Fail (vliQy gksuk) of a purpose
person on a subject 106. Fall (iaQl tkuk) among thieves
Differ (vleku gksuk) from something Fall in love with a person (fdlh O;fDr ds fy, izse
84. Different (fHkUu) from something ls Hkj tkuk)
85. Dig ([kksnuk) for something Fall (gksuk) into error
86. Digress (izlax ls cgduk) from the path Fall (geyk djuk] VwV iM+uk) on the enemy
87. Disagree (vlger gksuk) with a peron on some Fall (vpkud iM+ tkuk) upon evil days
matter 107. Fill (Hkjuk) with something
88. Disapprove (vLohdkj djuk] ukeatwj djuk) of
108. Fire (xksyh pykuk) on/at the enemy/ somebody
something
109. Flirt (izse dk Lokax djuk) with somebody
89. Dispute (>xM+uk) with a person about some-
thing 110. Free (eqDr djuk) of / from something/some-
body
90. Dissent (folEer gksuk) from an opinion
111. Glance (fuxkg Mkyuk] 'kh?kzrk ls ns[kuk) at an
91. Dissuade (jksduk] fopkj cnyoku) from an action
object
92. Distinguish (iQdZ crykuk] fHkUurk izdV djuk)
Glance fuxkg Mkyuk] 'kh?kzrk ls ns[kuk) over a
between two things
letter
Distinguish (iQdZ crykuk] fHkUurk izdV djuk)
112. Glory ([kq'kh eukuk] izlUu gksuk) in success
one thing from another
113. Grieve (nq%[kh gksuk] 'kksd eukuk) at/for / about an
93. Dwell (cluk) in some place
event
94. Embark ('kq: djuk) on/upon the right path/
Grieve (nq%[kh gksuk] 'kksd eukuk) for somebody
some business
114. Grumble (>qa>ykuk) at somebody / something
95. Encroach (vfrØe.k djuk) on one's authority
115. Guard (lqj{kk djuk) against something
96. Enlist (HkrhZ djuk) in the army
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116. Guess (vuqeku yxkuk) at something 138. Lament (foyki djuk] [ksn izdV djuk) for the
117. Hanker (ykylk gksuk] rhoz mRdaBk gksuk) after dead/ something lost
riches/wealth 139. Languish (fu#Rlkfgr gks tkuk) for home
118. Happen (gksuk] ?kfVr gksuk) to somebody Languish (fu#Rlkfgr gksuk_ lqLr gksuk) in prison /
119. Hide (fNikuk) something from somebody jail
120. Hint (b'kkjk djuk) at something 140. Lead (ys tkuk] igqapkuk) to some place
121. Hope (vk'kk djuk) for something Lead (my>k nsuk] iQalk nsuk) into something
122. Hover (eaMjkuk) over a nest 141. Lean (lgkjk ysdj [kM+k gksuk) against the wall
123. Hunt ([kkstuk) after or for something Lean (>qduk_ lgkjk ysdj [kM+k gksuk) on a staff
124. Import (vk;kr djuk) goods into a country Lean (>qduk] fdlh vksj eqM+uk) to a certain opin-
ion
Import (vk;kr djuk) goods/things from a coun-
try 142. Listen (lquuk) to a person / complaints / some-
thing
125. Impress (eu ij xgjk izHkko Mkyuk) an idea on
somebody 143. Live (thuk)for riches or fame or something
Impress (eu ij xgjk izHkko Mkyuk) somebody Live (thfodk dekuk)by honest labour
with an idea Live (fdlh pht dks [kkdj ;k ihdj thou&;kiu
126. Impute (vjksi yxkuk] nks"k yxkuk] nks"kkjksi.k djuk) djuk) on fruit/ vegetables/ juice/ milk/ oxygen/
blame to a person something water
127. Inform (lwpuk nsuk] lwfpr djuk) somebody of Live (thou xqtkjk djuk) within one's means
something 144. Long (pkg j[kuk) for something
Inform (lwpuk nsuk] lwfpr djuk) against some- 145. Indulge (fyIr gksuk) in undesirable activites
body Indulge (fyIr gksuk) oneself with wine
128. Insist (vkxzg djuk] tksj Mkyuk) on a point
146. Infer (fu"d"kZ fudkyuk) one fact from another
129. Intermingle (ijLij fefJr djuk ;k gksuk) one
147. Inflict (d"V nsuk] naM nsuk) pain on a person
thing with another
148. Inquire (Nkuchu djuk) into a case/ something
130. Invite (vkeaf=kr djuk) a person to dinner/ a party
149. Infring (vfrya?ku djuk) on one's rights
131. Involve (iQalkuk) somebody in debt/ something
150. Insqire (iwNrkN djuk) of a person about or con-
132. Jeer (f[kYyh mM+kuk_ galh mM+uk) at a person
cerning some matter
133. Join (fgLlk ysuk] 'kkfey gksuk) in a game
151. Inspire (izsfjr djuk) a man with courage / some-
Join (feykuk] tksM+uk) one thing to another thing)
134. Judge (fu.kZ; djuk) of something by something 152. Interfere (gLr{ksi djuk) with a person in his
135. Jump (dw nuk) at an offer affairs
Jump (igqapuk) to a conclusion 153. Intersect (foHkkftr djuk) with each other
136. Knock (ekjuk) one's head against a wall 154. Intrigure ("kM;a=k djuk) with the opposition /
Knock ([kM+[kM+ dh vkokt djuk_ [kM+[kM+kuk) at somebody
the door 155. Introduce (ifjp; djkuk) a man to others.
137. Labour (ifjJe djuk) under a misapprehension Introduce (fuos'k djuk] Mkyuk) something into a
Labour (ifjJe djuk) for the public good story
Labour (ifjJe djuk) in a good cause Introduce (vkjaHk djuk) into / to some place /
something
Labour (ifjJe djuk) at some task
156. Invest (in ij cSBkuk] vf/dkj nsuk) a man with
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8. Accurate (;FkkFkZ] Bhd) in one's statistics 35. Apprehensive (vk'kafdr] Hk;Hkhr) of the result
9. Accused (vfHk;qDr) of a crime (murder/ theft/ 36. Apprised (lwfpr) of a matter
robbery, etc.) 37. Appropriate (vuqdwy) to an occasion
10. Acquainted (tkuadkj] ifjfpr) with a person / a 38. Assiduous (yfTtr) of one's conduct
thing 39. Assiduous (ifjJeh) in one's studies
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149. Respectful (vknjiw.kZ] lEekuiw.kZ) to/towards one's 20. Antidote (izfrdkjd] izfrfo"k] fo"kgj) against in-
superiors fection
150. Responsible (mÙkjnk;h) to somebody for some- Antidote (izfrdkjd] izfrfo"k] fo"kgj) to some poison
thing 21. Apology ({kek ;kpuk) for some fault
151. Sanguine (vk'kkiw.kZ) of success 22. Apprehension (cks/] vk'kadk] fxjÝrkjh] le>) of
152. Satiated (r`Ir) with pleasure/ something danger
153. Sensitive (laosnu'khy) to criticism 23. Approach (mixeu] vfHkxeu] igqp
a ) to some place/
154. Short (vYi) of money/ funds/ space something
155. Similar (leku) to a person or thing 24. Arrival (vkxeu) in a country
156. Suspicious (lansgkLin) of something Arrival (vkxeu) at a place (the station/ the air-
port/ the bus-stop etc.)
Nouns Followed by Prepositions 25. Assault (izgkj] geyk) on a person or thing
1. Abhorence (?k`.kk) of something (ingratitude etc.) 26. Attack (geyk] vkØe.k) (n/c) on a country/
2. Ability (;ksX;rk] {kerk] lkeF;Z) for or in some somebody
work 27. Attraction (vkd"kZ.k) to or towards a thing
3. Abstinence (ijgst] la;e] egkR;kx) from wine 28. Authority (vf/dkj) over a person
4. Abundance (izpqjrk] cgqrk;r] ckgqY;] cgqyrk) of Authority (fdlh fo"k; dk egku~ fo}ku) on a
wealth/food subject
5. Access (igqap] izo's k] iSB) to a person or place Authority (vf/dkjh) for saying or doing
6. Accession (vf/feyu] ifjxzg.k] jkT;kjksg.k] in xzg.k) 29. Aversion (fo#fp] foeq[krk) to or from a person
to the throne or thing
7. Accomplice (lgvijk/h] lgdehZ) with a person 30. Candidate (izR;k'kh] mEehnokj) for a post
in a crime
31. Care (ftEesnkjh) for somebody's safety
8. Accusation (vfHk;ksx] vfHk;kstu] nks"kkjksi.k) of forg-
Care (ijokg djuk] fpUrk djuk) of one's books
ery
9. In accordance (jtkeanh] laxfr] vuq:irk) with 32. Charge (vkjksi] vfHk;ksx) of murder
some rule 33. Claim (nkok) on or against somebody
10. Affinity (yxko] ukrk] vkd"kZ.k) with something Claim (nkok) to property/ something
Affinity (yxko] vkd"kZ.k) between two person; 34. Compact (le>kSrk) with a person
to/for somebody 35. Comment (leh{kk] fVIi.kh) on something
11. Adherence (fpidko] yxko) to a rule/plan/cause 36. Comparison (rqyuk) to/with somebody or some-
12. Afffection (>qdko] pkg] Lusg] izse) for somebody thing
13. Alliance (eS=kh] fookg lEcU/] laf/) with a person Comparison of one thing with another
or state By/in comparison (rqyuk) with
14. Allusion (b'kkjk] ladr
s ] funsZ'k] vLi"V mYys[k) to 37. Compassion (d#.kk] n;k) for somebody
something 38. Competition (izfr;ksfxrk) with somebody
15. Alternative (fodYi) to a method/something Competition (izfr;ksfxrk) for something
16. Ambition (egRokdka{kk) for something 39. Complicity (cqjs dk;ks± esa lg;ksx) in a crime
17. Analogy (vuq:irk] rqY; :irk) between things 40. Compliance (vuqikyu] vuqo`fÙk) with a request
18. Animosity (nq'euh] oSeuL;rk)against somebody 41. Condemnation (nks"kkjksi.k) to death
19. Answer (mÙkj) to a question 42. Confidence (fo'okl) in somebody
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43. In comfomity (rnuqlkj] mlds vuqdwy) with 66. Dislike (ukjktxh] fp<+) of/for a person or thing
anyone's views/ request 67. Distaste (v#ph) for mathematics/something
Conformity (vuqdwyrk] vuq:irk) to rule/ fashion 68. Doubt ('kadk) of or about something
44. Compensation (eqvkotk] {kfriwfrZ) for a loss 69. Duty (dÙkZO;) to a person/ a country
45. Connection (laca/] la;kstu) with a person or 70. Encroachment (vf/Øe.k] vfrØe.k) on/upon
thing one's rights
46. Connivance (ekSukuqdwyrk] p'eiks'kh] fdlh vijk/ 71. Engagement (opuc¼rk) with somebody
esa lg;ksx) of somebody at/in a crime Engagement (O;Lrrk) in some work
47. Consciousness (osruk] gks'k) of guilt/ something
Engagement (lxkbZ) to a person
48. Consideration (fopkj] egRo) for somebody's
72. Entrance (izos'k) into a place
feelings
73. Enmity ('k=kqrk) with/for somebody
49. Contact (lEidZ) with somebody/something
74. Esteem (lEeku] J¼k) for somebody
50. Contempt (?k`.kk] frjLdkj] mis{kk) for a person or
thing 75. Exception (viokn) to a rule
51. In contrast (fojks/] izfrdwyrk] fo"kerk) with a 76. (Make) an exception (viokn) of somebody or
person or thing something
52. Contrast (fojks/] izfrdwyrk] fo"kerk) to a person 77. Excuse (ekiQh) for a mistake
or thing 78. Exemption (eqDrh] cjh) from a penatly/some-
Contrast (fo"kerk] fojks/) between two things thing
53. Controversy (fookn) on or about something 79. Experience (vuqHko) of something
Controversy (fookn) with somebody Experience (vuqHko) in doing something
54. Contribution (lg;ksx] pUnk] va'knku) to a fund 80. Failure (foiQyrk) of electricity/ a plan
Contribution (lg;ksx] pUnk] va'knku) towards 81. Failure (foiQyrk] vliQyrk) of somebody in
some project something
55. Conversation (ckrphr] okÙkkZ) with somebody 82. Faith (fo'okl) in somebody or something
56. Correspondence (i=kkpkj) with a person 83. Familiarity (?kfu"Brk] ifjp;) with a person or
thing.
Correspondence (lekurk] vuq:irk) to a thingL
84. Freedom (eqfDr] Lora=krk) from care
Correspondence (lekUkrk] vuq:irk) between
two things 85. Glance (n`f"V) at a person or thing
57. Decision (fu.kZ;] iSQlyk) on some case Glance (n`f"V) over a wide surface
58. Decline (iru) of an empire 86. Gratitude (ÑrKrk] vkHkkj) for a thing
Decline (voufr] àkl) in moral/price Gratitude (ÑrKrk] vkHkkj) to a person
59. Degradation (fuEuhdj.k] inkofur) from some 87. Grief (nq%[k) at an event
position/rank Grief (nq%[k) for a person
60. Delight (vkuUn) in music/something/somebody 88. Guess (vuqeku) at the truth/something
61. Descent (oa'k&Øe) from ancestros 89. Harmony (lkeUtL;] leUo;) with anything
62. Dependence (fuHkZjrk) on a person or thing 90. Hartred (?k`.kk) of or for somebody
63. Desire (bPNk) for wealth / something Hatred (?k`.kk) of a thing
64. Disagreement (vlgefr) with somebody 91. Heir (mÙkjkf/dkjh) to some property
65. Disgust (?k`.kk) at meanness/ something Heir (mÙkjkf/dkjh) of somebody
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8. SOME IMPORTANT VERBS & THEIR FORMS
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9. ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION-1
1. Abattoir : (dlkbZ[kkuk) A place where animals 22. Anarchist: (vjktd) person who seeks to
are killed for food overturn the established Government
2. Abstinence: ([kkus& ihus esa la ;e j[kus okyk) 23. Anecdote: (fdLlk) A short amusing story
Careful in eating and drinking 24. Anorexia: (v#fp) A prolonged disorder of eating
3. Abstruse: (le>us es a eq f 'dy) Difficult to due to loss of appetite
understand 25. Anthology: (dkO;&la x z g ) Book of literary
4. Acoustics: (èofu'kkL=k) Science of sound selection by various authors
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43. Barb: (dafV;k) Sharp projection from fishhook 67. Cemetery: (dfczLrku) Place for corpses to be
or other object buried
44. Ballistic: (cksfyLVhd) Related to the study of 68. Centrifugal: (dsn
a zR;kxh) Moving away from the
dynamics of the projectile centre
45. Bankrupt: (fnokfy;k) Person unable to pay his 69. Centripetal: (dsUækfHkeq[k) Tending towards the
debts centre
46. Bequeath: (olh;r djuk) Leave to someone 70. Chauvinist: (va / jk"Vª h oknh) Blindly devoted
by means of a will patriot
47. Bibulous: ('kjkch) Addiction to or fond of 71. Chiropodist: (iknfpfdRld) One who treats the
alcoholic liquor ailments of feet
48. Biennial: (f}okf"kZ d ) That which happens in 72. Circumlocution: (diViw. kZ ckrsa) Roundabout
every two years way of expression
49. Bilingual: (f}Hkk"kh) One who can speak two 73. Clairvoyant: (Hkfo";oDrk) Fortune teller
languages (Having foresight)
50. Biped: (f}in) A creature having two feet 74. Coerce: (etcw j djuk) Use of force to get
51. Blasphemy: (bZ'k&fuank) Speaking irreverently someone to obey
about God or sacred things 75. Cognate: (vkReh;) Having the same source or
52. Bludgeon: (iq f yl dk Ma M k) A heavy headed origin
weapon 76. Collateral: (laikf'kZ"kd) Security given for loan
53. Bohemian: (cksg sf u;k dk) One who does not 77. Conflagration: (vkx) Huge destruction by fire
follow usual norms of social life 78. Connoisseur: (ikj[kh) person having sound
54. Brittle: (Hkaxqj) Hard but easily broken judgment in the field of art
55. Buccaneer: (Mkdw djuk) A sailor who attacked 79. Connubial: (oSokfgd) Pertaining to marriage or
ships at sea and stole from them matrimonial state
56. Bureaucracy: (ukSdj'kkgh) Government by group 80. Contagious: (la Ø ked) Which spreads by
of paid officials physical touch or contact
57. Cacophony: (dksykgy) Unpleasant sound 81. Coquette: (u[kjk fn[kkuk) A woman or girl who
58. Calligraphy: (lqy[
s k) Art of beautiful handwriting flirts
59. Camaraderie: (lkSgknZ) Feeling of friendship and 82. Cornucopia: (cdjh dk lha x ) Symbol of
trust among people who work or spend a lot of abundance
time together 83. Coronation: ( j k T ; k fH k " k s d ) Ceremony of
60. Cannibal: (ujHk{kd) The man who can eat crowning
human flesh 84. Cosmopolitan: (loZ n s' kh;) Belonging to the
61. Carcinogenic: (dklhutu) Causing cancer whole world
62. Carillon: (?kaVk cktk) Set of bells capable of being 85. Cynosure: (=k`{k) Centre of attraction
played 86. Defrock: (ppZ esa iknjh dks gVk nsuk) To officially
63. Carnage: (ujlagkj) Killing of large number of remove a priest from his job
people 87. Delirium: (izyki) Mental disorder marked by
64. Carnival: (dkfuZ oy) Public merrymaking and confusion
feasting 88. Demagogue: (nyifr) A political leader who
65. Cartography: (ekufpdkjh) Art of map making delivers sentimental speeches
66. Catechism: (ftjg) Book for religious instruction 89. Democracy: (yksdra =k) A government by the
people, of the people, and for the people
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90. Demographic: (tulka f [;dh;) Related to 116. Elegy: ('kksdxhr) A poem or song expressing
population balance lamentation
91. Dermatologist: (Ropk fo'ks"kK) One who studies 117. Ellipsis: (vaMkdkj) Omission of words from a
skin and its diseases text
92. Destitution: ( f u " d k l u ) Lacking basic 118. Emetic: (mcdkbZ dh) Substance causing vomiting
necessities of life 119. Emigrant: (mRizoklh) A person who leaves his
93. Detrimental: (gkfudkjd) Causing harm and own country and goes to live in another
damage 120. Empathy: (lgkuqHkwfr) Ability to identify another
94. Dexterous: (fuiq.k) Skilful at handling things person’s feeling
95. Dialectical: (}a } kRed) Related to the art of 121. Endearment: (eksg) A word or expression that
debate is used to show affection
96. Diatribe: (fookn) Bitter and violent attack in 122. Epicure: (jfl;k) Person fond of delicious food
words 123. Epidemic: (egkekjh) Disease affecting a wide
97. Diffidence: (vkRela'k;) Lack of self confidence area
98. Dinghy: (d'rh) A small boat 124. Epigram: (pq Vdq y k) A short poem with witty
99. Diorama: (lw;ksZn;) Three dimensional scene from saying
nature or history 125. Epilogue: (milagkj) A short speech at conclusion
100. Dipsomaniac: ('kjkc dh yr) A person who of a dramatic work
has a strong desire for alcoholic drinks 126. Epitaph: (Le`fr ys[k) Inscription in the memory
101. Dirge: (efjl;k) A song sung at burial of a dead person
102. Disenfranchise: (ukxfjdrk ls oa f pr djuk) 127. Epithet: ( f o ' k s " k . k ) Words or phrase
Deprive of the right to vote characteristically used to describe a person or thing
103. Disputatious: (csyxke) Fond of arguing 128. Epistemologist: (Kku eheka l k okyk O;fDr)
Philosopher who studies the nature of knowledge
104. Dissertation: (fuca/) A long piece of writing
on a particular subject 129. Epitome: ( i z r h d ) Perfect example or
embodiment
105. Diurnal: (izfrfnu) Active during the day time
130. Equinox: (fo"kqo) Period of equal days and night
106. Doggerel: ([kksVk) Worthless or foolish poetry
131. Etymology: (O;qRifÙk) Study of word parts
107. Dorsal: (i`"Bh;) Related to the back of an animal
132. Eugenic: (;qtfud) The science of improving
108. Drudgery: (dfBu ifjJe) Hard boring work
the quality of human race
109. Dynasty: (jktoa ' k) Succession of rulers
133. Euphemism: (O;atuk) Mild expression in place
belonging to one family
of an unpleasant one ( The expression ‘he passed
110. Dyspeptic: ( e a n k f Xu x z Lr ) Suffering from away’ is a euphemism of ‘he died’)
indigestion 134. Euphoria: (mRlkg) A strong feeling of happiness
111. Ecologist: (ifjfLFkfrfoKku 'kkL=kh) Person
135. Euphonic: (lqjhyk) Pleasant to listen
concerned with the interrelationship between the
living organism and the environment 136. Euthanasia: (lq[ke`R;q) Practice of killing a person
without pain who is suffering from a disease that
112. Edible: ([kk|) Something fit to be eaten
cannot be cured
113. Effeminate: (lzkS.k) A person having womanly
137. Eviscerate: (va r Mh fudkyuk) to remove the
traits
internal organs of the body
114. Effigy: (iqryk) Statue of a famous person
138. Exegesis: (Vhdk) Explanation and elucidation
115. Egoism: (vga d kj) Excessively interested in of scripture
one’s self
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mankind grown
237. Misogamy: ('kknh ls ?k` . kk) Hatred from 261. Obelisk: (vksfcfyLd) Tall column tapering and
marriage ending in a pyramid
238. Misogynist: (ukjh }s"kh) A man who hates women 262. Obituary: (e`R;qys[k) Death notice
239. Monarchy: (jktrU=k) Government under a single 263. Obsequy: (nkg&laLdkj) Funeral ceremony
ruler 264. Obsolete: (vizpfyr) No longer used because
240. Monastery: (eB) Place where monk lives something new has been invented
241. Monotheism: (,ds'ojokn) Believe in one God 265. Octagon: (v"Vdks.k) A figure with eight sides
242. Moratorium: (jks d ) Authorized delay in an and angles
activity 266. Olfactory: (lw?kusokyk) Concerning the sense of
243. Moribund: (ej.kklUu) Coming to an end smell
244. Mortuary: (eqnkZ?kj) A place where dead bodies 267. Oligarchy: (dq y hura = k) Government by a
are kept privileged few
245. Myriad: (vla[;) Very large number 268. Omnipotent: (loZ'kfDreku) All powerful
246. Narcissist: (vReeksgh) Conceited person 269. Omnipresent: (txnh'oj) Present everywhere
247. Nautical: (leqnhz ) Pertaining to ships or navigation 270. Omniscient: (loZK) Knowing everything
248. Necromancy: ( d k y k t k n w ) Practice of 271. Onomatopoeia: (vFkkZuqj.ku) Words formed in
connecting with the dead people of an existing the imitation of natural sounds
word 272. Opaque: (vikjn'khZ ) Which cannot be seen
249. Neologism: (fuvks y fxTe) A new word or through
expression or a new meaning uofufeZr iz;ksx 273. Optimist: (vk'kkoknh) Person who looks on the
250. Nepotism: (HkkbZ & Hkrhtkokn) Undue favor to bright side
one’s own relative 274. Oratorio: (vksj Vksfjvks) Dramatic poem set to
251. Niggle: (dkykiO;;) Spend too much time on music
minor points 275. Ornithologist: (i{kh dk vè;;u djus okyk)
252. Nihilist: (u kfLr oknh ) One who considers Scientific student of birds
traditional believes to be groundless and existence 276. Orthography: (beyk) Correct spelling
meaningless 277. Ostracize: (lekt ls ckgj fudkyuk) To turn
253. Nirvana: (fuokZ.k) The ideal state in which the out of society
individual loses himself in the attainment of an 278. Oviparous: (vaM ksR iUUk) Bearing eggs and not
imperial beatitude young ones
254. Nocturnal: (jkr dk) Active at night 279. Pachyderm: (isdhMeZ) Thick skinned animal
255. Nonentity: (rqPNrk) Person of no importance 280. Pacifist: ('kkafroknh) Person opposed to violence
256. Nonpareil: (vrqy) Person or thing which has 281. Palatable: (Lokfn"V) Food or drink that are
no equal pleasant to taste
257. Nostalgia: (fo"kkn) Longing for the past (Home 282. Palimpsest: (peZ i =k dk nks c kjk mi;ks x )
sickness) Parchment used for the second time after original
258. Nuance: (vfr lw{e varj) Shade of difference writing has been erased
in meaning or colour 283. Panacea: (loZjksxgkjh) Remedy for al diseases
259. Numismatist: (U;w f etekfVLV) Person who 284. Pandemonium: (foIyo) Wild and noisy disorder
collects coins
285. Panegyric: (Lrou) Formal praise
260. Nursery: (ulZjh) Place where young plants are
286. Pantomime: (ewdkfHku;) Acting without dialogue
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338. Restitution: (cgkyh) Pay for damage 364. Sojourn: (Msjk Mkyuk) Stay for a short time
339. Reticent: (vYiHkk"kh) One who speaks less 365. Soliloquy: (vkReHkk"k.k) Talking to oneself
340. Retribution: (izfrdkj) Punishment for offences 366. Solstice: (v;ukar) Point at which sun is farthest
341. Rhapsodize: (vfr iz'kalkiwoZd dguk) To speak from the equator
or write in an exaggerated enthusiastic manner 367. Somnambulist: (uhan esa pyus okyk) One who
342. Rhetoric: ( H k k " k. k d k y ) Art of effective walks in sleep
communication 368. Somniloquist: (uhan esa cMcM+kus okyk O;fDRk)
343. Rostrum: (O;k[;ku pcwrjk) Platform for speech One who talks in sleep
making 369. Sonorous: (mPp 'kCndkjh) Having pleasant
344. Rotunda: (jksVksM
a k) Circular building covered with sound
a dome 370. Soporific: (fuanklk) Sleep causing, Sleepy
345. Saboteur: (èoald) One who commits sabotage 371. Sorocide: (cgugark) Killing of one’s sister
or destroyer of property 372. Spartan: (la;eh) Lacking luxury and comfort
346. Sacrilegious: (ifo=k oLrq nw"kd) Treating holy 373. Spoonerism: (vk|{kj dk ysu&nsu) Accidental
thing without respect transposition of sound in successive words
347. Sacrosanct: (iq.;e;) Most sacred 374. Sporadic: (fNViqV) Occurring irregularly and not
348. Sanctimonious: (ik[kaMh) Displaying hypocritical at regular time intervals
devoutness 375. Stoic: (mnklhu) A person who is indifferent to
349. Sartorial: (nthZ) Pertaining to tailors pleasure or pain
350. Savage: (taxyh) Violent and uncivilized 376. Stultify: (ew[kZ cukuk) Cause to appear stupid or
351. Scapegoat: (cyh dk cdjk) Someone who foolish
bears the blame for others 377. Suffragist: (ukjh ervkf/dkjokn) Advocate of
352. Scavenge: (eka t uk) Hunt through discarded voting rights for women
materials for usable items 378. Sybarite: (fo"k;h) Lover of luxury
353. Scurry: (ckSNkM+) Move hurriedly with short steps 379. Sycophant: (pkiywl) Person who flatter others
354. Scrutinize: (rkduk) Examine closely and 380. Symbiosis: (lgtho) Independent mutually
carefully beneficial relationship
355. Seismic: (Hkwadi lac/a h) Pertaining to earthquakes 381. Synagogue: (;gw n h miklukx` g ) Place where
356. Seminary: (enjlk) School for training future Jews worship
ministers 382. Tantalize: (cgq r d"V igq a p kuk) Torture with
357. Serendipity: (vkdfLed ykHko` fÙk) Accidental disappointment
or by chance discovery 383. Tantamount: (leku) Equivalent in effect or value
358. Sibylline: (xq I r) Mysterious or difficult to 384. Tantrum: (xqLls dk vkos'k) A sudden short period
understand of angriness
359. Siesta: (>idh) Period of rest or sleep after lunch 385. Tarantula: (VkjsV
a ;qyk) Venomous spider
360. Simian: (canj dk) Monkeylike 386. Tautological: (vuqykfid) Needlessly repetitious
361. Sinecure: (PkSu dh ukSdjh) A Well paid position 387. Taxonomist: (oxhZdkj.k oSKkfud) Specialist in
with little responsibility classifying animals or plants
362. Skullduggery: (vuS f rd O;ogkj) Dishonest 388. Teetotalism: (e|R;kx) Practice of abstaining
behavior totally of alcoholic drinks
363. Smother: (cq>kuk) Kill by suffocation 389. Theist: (vkfLrd) Person who believes in God
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390. Theocracy: (/eZ r U=k) Government run by 403. Vicarious: (izR;f/Ñr) Felt or experienced by
religious leaders watching or reading rather than by doing in yourself
391. Trajectory: (iz{ksioØ) Path taken by a projectile 404. Vindicate: (laHkyuk) Clear from blame
392. Truant: (csdkj ?kweus okyk) One who stays away 405. Vindictive: (rkefld) Having desire for revenge
from work or school without permission 406. Viviparous: (thfor) Bearing living young ones
393. Ubiquitous: (loZ O ;kid) Something that is and not eggs
present everywhere 407. Vivisection: (foHkktu) Act of dissecting living
394. Ursine: (lwvj dh rjg) Bear like animals
395. Usury: (lwn[kksjh) Lending money at illegal rates 408. Voracious: (isVw) Eating or wanting large amount
of interest of food
396. Uxoricide: (iRuhgark) Killer of one’s wife 409. Vulnerable: (Hks | ) Susceptible to attack or
397. Uxorious: (L=khHkDr) Foolishly devoted to one’s damage
wife 410. Vulpine: (eDdkj) Like a fox
398. Vendetta: ( i z f r ' k k s / ) A long and violent 411. Wanderlust: (liQj dk vuqjkx) Strong longing
disagreement between two families or groups in to travel
which people are murdered in return of previous 412. Warren: ([kjxksa'kksa dk taxy) Tunnels in which
murders rabbit lives
399. Ventriloquist: (x#M+o knh) Someone who can 413. Whinny: Neigh like a horse
make his or her voice seem to come from another 414. Xenophobia: (fons'kh yksxksa dks uk ilUn djuk)
person or thing
Fear or hatred from foreigners
400. Verbatim: ('kCn'k%) Word for word
415. Yeoman: ({ks=kiky) Man owning small estate or
401. Verso: (dh vksj) Any left hand page of an open middle class farmer
book 416. Zealot: (dV~VjiaFkh) Person who shows excessive
402. Vespers: ('kke dh izkFkZuk) Evening prayers in zeal or enthusiasm
church
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10. ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION-2
1. A minister representing a sovereign or a state
in a foreign country = ambassador
2. A person sent on a mission = emissary
3. A person who spends his money recklessly = spendthrift
4. A person who can neither read nor write = illiterate
5. A person who lives at the same time as another = contemporary
6. A lover of mankind = philanthropist
7. A lover of womankind = philogynist
8. A lover of oneself = egoist
9. A lover of others = altruist
10. A lover of food = gourmand
11. A person who loves his own country = patriot
12. A person who regards the whole world as his country = cosmopolitan
13. A person who believes in the total abolition of war = pacifist
14. A person who is fond of fighting = bellicose
15. A man who is womansih in his habits = effeminate
16. A person who is devoted to the welfarc of women = feminist
17. One who is all-powerful = omnipresent
18. One who is present everywhere = ommniprnestly
19. One who knows everything = omniscient
20. One who belives in fate = fatalist
21. One who supplicates or entreats earnestly = supplicant
22. One who has narrow religious views = bigot
23. One who plays for pleasure = amateur
24. One who plays for money = professional
25. One who eats too much = glutton
26. One who feeds on vegetables = vegetarian
27. One who eats human flesh = cannibal
28. One who breaks images and idols = iconoclast
29. One who is over-enthusiastic about some religious
principles or beliefs = fanatic
30. One who walks in sleep = somnambulist
31. One who talks in sleep = somniloquent
32. One who makes a scientific study of language = linguist
33. One who knows many languages = polyglot
34. One who enjoys another person’s confidence = confidant
35. One who is appointed by parties to settle disputes = arbitrator
36. One who breaks in a house to steal = burglar
37. One who sails around stopping and robbing ships at sea = pirate
38. One who abstains from alcoholic drink = teetotaler
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39. A person who leaves his own country and goes to live
in another = emigrant
40. A person who comes to one country from another to settle = immigrant
41. To send out of one’s native country = expatriate
42. One who leads others in any field = pioneer
43. One who commits the first act of attack = aggressor
44. One who speaks for others = spokesman
45. One who wastes money for luxury = extravagant
46. One who is unable to pay his debt = insolvent/bankrupt
47. One who abandons his religious faith = apostate
48. One who makes an eloquent public speech = orator
49. One who undergoes the penalty of death for
Persistence in his faith = martyr
50. A child whose parents are dead = orphan
51. A man whose wife is dead = widower
52. A woman whose husband is dead = widow
53. A person who takes advantage of every change for
Success, sometimes to other people’s disadvantage = Opportunist
54. A girl or woman who flirts, that is, tries to attract
People and make advances in love simply to
Satisfy her vanity = coquette
55. A person who has a long experience of any occupation = veteran
56. A person who does clever tricks which appear magical = conjuror
57. A person who travels into or through a country
for the purpose of learning about it = explorer
58. A disease that can be spread by touch = contagious
59. A disease that is found regularly in a particular place = endemic
60. A disease that causes death = fatal
61. A child born after the death of its father = posthumous
62. A child brought up by persons who are not its parents = foster-child
63. Having a tendency to break the law to do socially
unacceptable things = delinquent
64. A disease caused by bacteria and passed from one
Person to another = infectious
65. A remedy for all kinds of diseases = panacea
66. A medicine that induces sleep = narcotic
67. An office which has no work but high salary = sinecure
68. A game or battle in which no party gains victory = drawn
69. A roundabout way of expression = circumlocution
70. A story in which ideas are symbolized as people = allegory
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71. A short simple story designed to teach a moral
Or religious lesson = parable
72. A short story in which animals or objects speak a
story that gives wholesome moral lesson = fable
73. A talk between two people = dialogue
74. An old story about great events and people
In ancient times, which may not be true = legend
75. A long speech for a single actor or actress,
usually alone on a stage = monologue
76. An introduction to a long poem, a play, etc. = prologue
77. A speech made by one of the actors at the end of a play = epilogue
78. A string of beads used for prayer = rosary
79. The act of speaking a loud one’s thoughts when alone = soliloquy
80. A speech which is delivered without any previous Preparation = extempore
81. The first venture of a person = maiden
82. The life-history of a man written by himself = autobiography
83. The life-history of a man written by someone else = biography
84. Animals which live both on land and in water = amphibians
85. Animals which live in flocks = gregarious
86. Animals which give milk and suckle their young ones = mammals
87. An animal which lives on the flesh of others = carnivorous
88. Animals which live in water = aquatic
89. A style full of words = Verbose
90. A style in which a writer displays his knowledge = pedantic
91. Repetition or writing word for word = verbatim
92. Matter written by hand = manuscript
93. Words opposite in meaning = antonym
94. Words different in meaning but similar in sound = homonym
95. Words similar in meaning = synonym
96. Anything which is no longer in use = obsolete
97. Article sold by one country to another = export
98. Article bought by one country from another = import
99. A state which is impartial to all religions = secular
100. That which cannot be heard = inaudible
101. That which cannot be consumed by fire = incombustible
102. That which cannot be believed = incredible
103. That which cannot be blotted = indelible
104. That which cannot be denied for questioned = indisputable
105. That which cannot be cured = incurable
106. That which cannot be corrected or reformed = incorrigible
107. That which cannot be explained = inexplicable
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11. IDIOMS & PHRASES
1. To do something above board (fdlh dk;Z dks 12. Apple pie order (iw.kZ :i ls O;ofLFkr): perfect
[kqYye [kqYyk djuk): to do something openly, order She always keeps her books in apple pie
without any secrecy or deception order.
All the political parties criticize one another above 13. To upset the apple cart (lkjh ;kstuk, foiQy
board dj nsuk): to throw all plans in confusion
2. To settle one’s account with (fglkc fdrkc John’s carelessness upset the apple cart of my
pqdrk djuk): to pay what one owes to someone business.
She has settled her account with me. 14. With open arms ([kqys fny ls): cordially
3. On account of (ds dkj.k): because of The chief minister welcomed the advice of the
leader of the opposition with open arms.
She is absent from duty on account of illness.
15. In the arms of Morpheus (funzk dh xksn es) a : in
4. Within an ace of (cky cky cp tkuk): failing,
the lap of sleep
escaping by a narrow margin
After crying for an hour, the baby went in the arms
This old man was within an ace of being run down
of Morpheus.
by a speedy car.
16. At daggers drawn (dV~Vj 'k=kqrk es)
a : at great
5. To add fuel to fire (?kh dk dke djuk): to say
enmity The brethren of this community always
something that makes people react more strongly
remain at daggers drawn.
or fiercely
The leader added fuel to fire by provoking the 17. Have an axe to grind (O;fDrxr LokFkZ j[kuk):
angry mob to attack the police van. to have a selfish motive
Our leader has an axe to grind in helping these
6. Rolling in the aisles (ga l h ls csg ky) : much
children.
amused, helpless with laughter
This comedian will have the audience rolling in 18. To be on one’s back (chekj gksdj pkjikbZ ij
the aisles. iM+ tkuk): to be ill in bed
7. Visits like those of angles (cgq r de vkuk Mr. Rajan, who used to work for more than twelve
hours a day is on his back now :a :days.
tkuk): rare visits
19. Back bite (ihB ihNs cq jkbZ djuk) : denounce
These days her visits to your house are like those
of angles. somebody in his absence
Everyone should avoid back biting.
8. Ever and anon (;nk dnk) : now and then,
occasionally He visits my house ever and anon. 20. A bag of bones (nqcyk iryk vkneh): a lean
and thin person
9. Upon the anvil (fuekZ.k ;k rS;kjh dh fLFkfr es)
a :
in the state of formation or preparation Cancer has made him a bag of bones.
All his projects are on/upon the anvil. 21. To hold/keep somebody at bay (djus okys dks]
10. God’s ape (tUe tkr eq[kZ): a born fool utnhd vkus ls jksduk): to prevent (an enemy,
purser) from coming near
She is a God’s ape.
We must hold/keep our enemies at bay.
11. To keep up appearances (ckgjh fn[kkok cuk;s
22. To be at one’s beads (iw t k ikB djuk) : to
j[kuk) : to maintain a public impression of
workship My father is at his beads everyday.
prosperity despite unfavourable conditions
23. To tell one’s beads (ekyk tiuk): to say one’s
Mr. Sinha tried to keep up appearances despite
heavy loss in business. prayer Why does she tell her beads all day?
24. To spill the beans (xqIr lwpuk nsuk): to give
away secret information
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47. A blood horse (vjc uLy dk vaxzsth ?kksM+k): an 59. To hold one’s breath (MkDVjh ijh{kk esa vFkok
English horse of Arab breeds v kos'k esaFkksM+
h nsj d s fy , l ka
l j ksd uk) : to stop
A blood horse is very strong and useful. breathing for a short time
48. Blue blood (dqyhurk): alleged superiority by She held her breath while the doctor was examining
reason of birth her.
Jawaharlal Nehru was a man of blue blood. 60. To take away one’s breath (vpEHks es a Mky
49. To keep the pot boiling (thfodk pykuk): to nsuk): to surprise
procure the necessaries of life The news of his son’s death in an accident took
The deprived section of the society feels problems away his breath.
in keeping the pot boiling. 61. To bridge the gulf (le>kSrk djuk): to remove
50. A bone of contention (>xM+s dh oLrq): a thing/ the differences and reconcile
subject of dispute The two enemies bridged the gulf and became
Kashmir is a bone of contention for India and friends.
Pakistan. 62. To prick the bubble (fdlh pht+ ds ckjs esa fdlh
51. Born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth (cgqr dk Hkze Hkax djuk): to destroy somebody’s illusion
/uh ifjokj esa tUe): born in a very rich family about something
Jawaharlal Nehru was born with a silver spoon in Her failure in the examination pricked the bubble
his mouth. of her brilliance
52. Bottom dollar (vafre iSlk): the last penny 63. A drop in the bucket/ocean (cgqr gh ge): a
He has spent the bottom dollar he had. quantity too small to make an impact
The bonus given to the employees is a drop in the
53. In the same box (,d gh LoHkko dk) : of the
bucket/ocean.
same nature
The husband and wife are in the same box. 64. To build castles in the air (gokbZ fdys cukuk):
to indulge in daydreaming or visionary schemes
54. Brain drain (mPp iz f 'kf{kr yks x ks a dk vf/d
Only a fool builds castles in the air.
fodflr ns'k esa pyk tkuk): the loss of trained
professional persons as doctors, engineers etc. to 65. A bull market (oLrq v ksa ds ew Y ; esa o` f ¼ okyk
a higher developed country India is facing the ckt+kj): market where prices are rising
problem of brain drain. Patna market is a bull market.
55. To tax one’s brain (fdlh dfBu dk;Z ds fy, 66. A bull’s eye (y{; fcanq): the centre of the target
fnekx ij tksj nsuk): to set oneself to a difficult To get a government job is a bull’s eye for an
task unemployed youth.
I taxed my brain to solve this sum and finally 67. To take a bull by the horns (fdlh eqf'dy dk
succeeded. fgEer ls lkeuk djuk): to face a difficulty or
56. To make one’s bread (vkthfodk dekuk): to danger boldly. Whenever he finds himself in
earn livelihood trouble, he takes a bull by the horns.
I make my bread by honest labour. 68. To bury the hatchet (nq'euh lekIr djds nksLr
57. Bread buttered on both sides ( c g q r cu tkuk): to stop quarrelling and become friends
HkkX;'kkyh): fortunate circumstances; very lucky The two enemies buried the hatchet yesterday.
Mr. verma enjoys the bread buttered on both sides. 69. To miss the bus (ekSdk gkFk ls xaok nsuk): to
58. To break the ice (vkjEHk djuk) : to make a lose an opportunity
beginning; to overcome reserve A wise man does not miss the bus in life.
The host broke the ice by introducing all his guests 69(b).To beat about the bush: to avoid coming to the
to one another. point (vlyh ckr ij uk vkuk)
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Both the parties were beating about the bush in 82. To work against the clock (tYnh tYnh dke
court. djuk): to work fast
70. To call spade a spade (Li"V ckr djuk): to The labourers worked against the clock and went
speak in plain terms home.
The accused called spade a spade in court. 83. In the clouds (dkYifud lalkj es) a : in an unreal
71. To swallow a camel (cgqr lgu'khy gksuk): to world/imaginary world
have a great power of tolerance He lives in the clouds of marrying a Miss India.
He was cheated by his friend but swallowing a 84. To carry coals to Newcastle (cka l cjs y h ys
camel he did not grumble at all. tkuk): to take goods to a place where they are
72. Feathers in one’s cap (xkS j o dh okLrq ) : already plentiful
something of which one may be proud Offering loans to a rich man is like carrying coals
Becoming an I.A.S. is feathers in Mohan’s cap. to Newcastle.
73. To throw up the cards (vkReleiZ.k djuk): to 85. A cog in the machine/wheel (,slk O;fDr tks
surrender fdlh cM+s laLFkku esa egRoghu in ij gks): a
Pakistan threw up the cards in the Kargil War. person who plays a minor role in a large
74. To cast pearls before swine (HkSal ds vkxs chu organization, activity etc.
ctkuk): to offer valuable things to persons who People do not know her because she is just a cog
cannot appreciate them in the machine (wheel).
The famous singer sang a classical song in the 86. Cold fish (,slk O;fDr ftlesa lkalkfjd ekuork dk
function of the political leaders but it was like vHkko gks): person lacking in normal cordiality ,
casting pearls before swine. sympathy or other feelings
75. To cast one’s bread upon the waters (us d h My friend is a cold fish, so very few people like
dj nfj;k esa Mky): to do good things without him.
expecting anything in return 87. Pros and cons (rdZ&fordZ): arguments for and
A true saint casts his bread upon waters. against something
76. To bell the cat (fcYyh ds xys esa ?kaVh cka/uk): to The pros and cons of the strike were discussed in
attempt something dangerous detail.
Very few people dare to bell the cat these days. 88. To keep oneself cool (vius vkidksa 'kkar j[kuk):
77. Like a cat on hot bricks (cgqr ijs'kku): very to remain calm
nervous. You are leading a life like a cat on hot She keeps herself cool even in a critical situation.
bricks. 89. To turn the corner: to pass through a crisis
78. A cat and dog life (dyÞiw.kZ thou): a life in safely
which parents are constantly quarrelling Only the brave turn the corner.
My neighbour is leading a cat and dog life. 90. Rough corners (xok#a O;ogkj) : boorish or
79. A cat’s paw (nwljks ds gkFk dh dBiq ryh): a unsophisticated manners or characteristics
person who is used as a tool by another He is notorious for his rough corners.
She is a cat’s paw of her boss. 91. To count the cost (dke 'kq : djus ls igys
80. To rain cats and dogs (ewlyk/kj o"kkZ gksuk): to laHkkfor tksf[keksa ij fopkj djuk): to anticipate
rain very heavily the risk involved in undertaking a venture
It has been raining cats and dogs since last night. A wise man always counts the cost.
81. To lick one’s chops: to wait with pleasure 92. Dutch courage ('kjkc ihus ls vkus okyh fgEer):
I was licking my chops for the announcement of courage that comes from drinking
the result. He committed this crime because of his Dutch
courage.
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93. From the cradle (cpiu ls): since childhood 106. To die in harness (vfUre le; rd dke
He has been lucky from the cradle. djrs&djrs ejuk): to die while still working
94. Cream of the shop (loksZÙke): the best His father died in harness.
Puja is the cream of the shop in this college. 107. Dim and distant (cgqr le; igys): long past
95. By hook or by crook (tS ls Hkh gks) : by one
means or another The Sati System was in vogue dim and distant in
He became a Probationary Officer by hook or by our society.
crook. 108. Dull as dish water/Dull as ditch water (cgqr
96. Off the cuff (vukSipkfjd :i ls fdlh ckr dh T;knk mckmQ): extremely dull, boring
lwpuk nsuk): (imparting information) unofficially Mr. Sinha’s speech was dull as dish water/dull as
or informally He has given me this ditch water.
information off the cuff. 109. A dog’s chance (rfu Hkh vk'kk ugha): no hope
97. To lift the curtain on (lcdks crk nsuk): to make at all
known or public There is a dog’s chance in her survival.
He lifted the curtain on the secret marriage of 110. A word in one’s ears (xqIr :i ls): secretly
Ram and Sita. He conveyed his message to her a word in her
98. Cut throat competition (cgq r vf/d Li/kZ ) : ears.
very tough competition 111. A bad egg (,d csdkj ;k cksbZ e ku O;fDr) : a
There is a cut throat competition in every kind of worthless or dishonest person
business. There is no place for a bad egg in this office.
99. Sword of Damocles (laHkkfor [krjk): imminent 112. To end in smoke (csdkj tkuk): to waste
danger He failed to see the sword of Damocles
and met with his destruction.
All his efforts to marry her ended in smoke.
100. Dead to the world (xgjh uhan es)
a : fast asleep 113. An eye for an eye (tSls dks rSlk): retaliation
The policy of an eye for an eye is not good.
The theft took place when the members of the
family were dead to the world. 114. A fair weather friend (lkFk NksM+ nsus okyk nksLr):
a person who ceases to be a friend when one is in
101. In deep water (xgu ladV es)
a : in great difficulty
trouble
She does not lose courage and patience even in
Beware of a fair weather friend.
deep water.
115. A fair weather sailor (eYykg ftlus rwiQku dk
102. To give the devil his due ('k=kq ds lkFk Hkh U;k;
lkeuk ugha fd;k gS): one who has never faced a
djuk): to give deserved credit even to a person
storm
one dislikes
A fair weather sailor may put you in danger.
It is the demand of justice to give the devil his
due. 116. To chew the fat (xi yM+kuk): to chat
103. To raise the devil ('kksjxqy djuk): to cause a A fool wastes his time chewing the fat.
disturbance 117. To find favour with (fdlh dk leFkZ u iz k Ir
The leader of the opposition raised the devil in the djuk): to be approved of by someone
assembly. Ram’s proposal found favour with a majority.
104. To die in a ditch (dk;j dh Hkkafr ejuk): to die 118. To feel in one’s bones (vkus okyh fdlh ?kVuk
a cowardly death ds ckjs esa iwokZ H kkl gksu k) : to know or sense
A brave soldier hates dying in a ditch. something intuitively
105. To die in shoes (gR;k dj fn;k tkuk): to be He felt in his bones that he would be killed .
murdered An honest leader often dies in shoes. 119. On one’s feet ([kM+s gq,): in a standing position
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126. Other fish to fry (è;ku nsus ;ksX; vU; ckrs): 139. To give up the ghost (ej tkuk): to die
other matters requiring attention The renowned film star Amrish Puri gave up the
I must go now because I have other fish to fry. ghost on 12th jan., 2005.
140. To be hand in glove with (pksyh nkeu dk lkFk
127. To fit somebody like a glove (Bhd fiQV gksuk):
to fit the wearer perfectly in size and shape, to be gksuk): to be very intimately associated (with)
very suitable and accurate Seema is hand in glove with Sunita.
Her coat fits her like a glove. 141. To handle somebody with kid gloves (lw>&cw>
128. Flesh and blood (viuh Hkkoukvksa vkSj detksfj;ksa ls O;ogkj djuk): to treat with extreme tact or
ds lkFk ekuo LoHkko): human nature with its gentleness
emotions, weaknesses, etc. We should handle our children with kid gloves.
Flesh and blood can stand more than human nature 142. The golden rule (Lof.kZ e fu;e) : a very
can bear. important rule of conduct
129. To make a person’s blood creep (Hk;Hkhr dj Hospitality is the golden rule of life.
nsuk): to frighten or horrify him 143. Good for nothing (csdkj): worthless
The terrorists made my blood creep. His old coat is good for nothing.
130. To foam at the mouth (cgqr Øks/ esa gksuk): to 144. To cook one’s goose (v/q j s fo'okl ds lkFk) :
be extremely angry to ruin one’s chances or plans completely
The headmaster foamed at the mouth to see
Mohan teasing a girl
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I disclosed my secrets and cooked my goose 159. Hat in hand (fouezrk ls): humbly, respectfully
myself. He talked to me hat in hand.
145. With good grace (LosPNk ls): willingly 160. Under one’s hat (xqIr): confidential; private
She helps her friends with good grace. Their love affairs under their hats are now known.
146. With a grain of salt (iwj h rUe;rk ls) : with 161. To take up the hatchet (;q¼ dh rS;kjh djuk):
reservations to prepare for or go to war
I believe her with a grain of salt. The Indian Army is taking up the hatchet.
147. Grapes from thorns (fdlh vla H ko pht dh 162. To have clean hands (iwjh rjg ls funksZ"k gksuk):
mEehn): expectation of something impossible to be very perfectly innocent
It is foolish of you to get grapes from thorns. He has clean hands in the fodder scam.
148. To have one foot in the grave (e`R;q ds djhc 163. To have irons in the fire (gkFk es a dbZ dke
gksuk): to be near death gksuk): to have many projects in hand
This serious patient has one foot in the grave. I do not visit you these days because I have irons
149. Gravy train (lqxe vkSj vkdfLed /u dk Lkzksr): in the fire.
source of much or easy money 164. To keep one’s head above water (dfBukbZ esa
Smuggling is a gravy train. larqyu cuk, j[kuk): to manage or survive a
150. Green eyed (bZ";kZyq): jealous difficult experience
Nobody likes a green eyed man. A wise and brave man keeps his head above water.
151. Like grim death (n`<+rk ls): very firmly 165. To have the heart of stone (dBksj ân; gksuk):
He climbed the tree like grim death. to feel no pity
152. The daily grind (fnu&iz f rfnu dk dke) : Her husband has the heart of stone.
everyday work 166. In the seventh heaven (lkros vkleku es a ) :
Students should complete the daily grind regularly. extremely happy
153. To split hairs (cky dh [kky fudyuk): to find Hearing the news of his selection in the P.O.
examination, he was in the seventh heaven.
fault with
He split hairs of my every achievement. 167. Heavy tidings (cqjs lekpkj): bad news
154. Hale and hearty (Hkyk paxk): very healthy She was shocked to hear the heavy tidings of her
dismissal.
The beggar is hale and hearty.
168. Cat in hell’s chance (fdlh izdkj dh lEHkkouk
155. Hammer and tongs (iwj s tksj 'kksj ds lkFk) :
u gksuk): no chance at all
with great noise or vigour
It is a cat in hell’s chance of his coming today.
The victory of the party was celebrated hammer
and tongs. 169. High and dry (vlgk; NksM+ nsuk): abandoned
156. To hand in one’s cheek (ej tkuk): to die High and dry children should be helped by the
government.
My elder brother handed in his cheeks in the Kargil 170. High and mighty (?keaMh): arrogant
war. The high and mighty is not honoured in society.
157. To fly off the handle (cgqr mÙksftr gksuk): to 171. High days and holidays (R;kSgkj rFkk mRlo ds
become very agitated or angry volj): festivals and occasions
When he teased her, she flew off the handle. We enjoy high days and holidays very much.
158. Hard and fast rules (l[r fu;e): strict rules/ 172. A hill of beans (de ewY; dh oLrq): a thing of
principles little value
Our school has made some hard and fast rules for Your old watch is a hill of beans.
boys and girls.
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resulting from revolutionary changes, reforms, etc. Oil the officer’s hand and get your work done.
in society 236. To oil one’s tongue (uezrk ls cksyuk): to speak
A brave new world has come in politics. politely
224. To follow one’s nose (varcksZ/ ls viuk ekxZn'kZu He oils his tongue when he talks to me.
djuk): to guide oneself by instinct 237. To hold out the olive branch ('kkafrokrkZ ds fy,
The man/woman who follows his/her nose is rS;kj jguk): to be ready to have a peace talk
honourable. Pakistan should hold out the olive branch.
225. To pay through the nose (vf/d ewY ; nsuk): 238. Once in a blue moon (cgq r gh de) : very
to pay an excessive price rarely
We have to pay through the nose even for the Golden chances come once in a blue moon in life.
onion.
239. By ones and twos (,d&,d ;k nks&nks djds):
226. To poke one’s nose into (gLr{ksi djuk) : to one or two at a time
interfere
Audience began to leave the meeting by ones and
It is your bad habit to poke your nose into my private twos.
matter.
240. With open arms (cM+ s iz s e ls ) : with great
227. Next to nothing (djhc&djhc u ds cjkcj) : affection
almost nothing
They welcomed the guests with open arms.
He inherited from his ancestors next to nothing.
241. Like an oven (cgqr T;knk xje): very hot
228. Hard/tough nut (to crack) (dfBu leL;k): a
The environment is like an oven today.
difficult problem or situation
242. Over and above (blds vfrfjDr): besides
Air pollution is a tough nut to crack.
I have a shirt over and above two T-shirts.
229. The nuts and bolts (cqfu;knh fooj.k) : basic
practical details ) 243. To throw overboard (ifjR;kx djuk): to reject
or abandon
The minister has the nuts and bolts of his portfolio.
After failing in the first match, he has thrown
230. Not for nuts (fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ugha): under no
overboard by the team.
circumstances
244. To get one’s back (cnyk ysuk): to take one’s
I will marry her not for nuts.
revenge
231. To put one’s oar in (fcuk ekaxs lykg nsuk): to
Sumit is afraid lest his friend should get his own
interfere with
back on him.
Don’t put your oar in when two men are talking.
245. At a snail’s pace (dNq , dh pky ls) : very
232. To pull a good oar (dq'ky ukfod gksuk): to be slowly
efficient oarsmen
He is sick these days and moves at a snail’s pace.
He should pull a good oar.
246. To paddle one’s own canoe (vius vki ij fuHkZj
233. To rise to the occasion (volj iM+us ij viuh
jguk): to depend on oneself alone
{kerk fn[kkuk): to prove oneself able to deal with
He wasted much money to find service but now
an unexpected situation, problem etc.
he is padding his own canoe.
My friend rose to the occasion when I needed his
247. Pain in the neck (ijs'kku djus okyk O;fDr ;k
help.
oLrq): annoying or boring person or thing
234. Odd and even (HkkX; fu.kZ; dk [ksy): game of
Your friend is idle; he is actually pain in the neck.
chance
She won one thousand rupees in odd and even. 248. Beyond the pale (lhek ls ijs): beyond the
limits of propriety, courtesy, protection, safety
235. To oil someone’s hand or palm (?kwl nsuk): to
His pleading was beyond the pale.
bribe someone
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249. To put pen to paper (fy[kuk izkjaHk djuk): to 261. To be beaten at the post (va f re{k.k es a gkj
begin to write tkuk): to lose at the last moment
The press reporter put pen to paper when the Chief India was beaten at the post in hockey against
Guest started speaking. Australia.
250. To break the peace ('kkafr Hkax djuk): to cause 262. To pour cold water (fu#Rlkfgr djuk) : to
disturbance discourage
Indisciplined students break the peace in the class. Don’t pour cold water on his plan.
251. To set/put (somebody) on a pedestal (vf/d 263. To pour oil on the flames (vkx esa ?kh Mkyuk):
vknj nsuk): to glorify, idealize to make anger more intense, make a quarrel
He sets his teacher on a pedestal. bitterer
252. To peg away (at something) (MV dj dke You should not pour oil on the flames.
djuk): to work hard and persistently 264. Printer’s devil (eqnz .kky; esa dke lh[kus okyk
He pegged away at factory last year and earned yM+dk): the youngest apprentice in a printing
a lot of money. office
253. To pick holes in another’s coat (fdlh esa nks"k This boy is a printer’s devil.
ryk'kuk ;k voxq.k <wa<uk): to seek out faults in 265. Pudding face (iwQyk gqvk psgjk): large fat face
him or in his conduct Your grandfather has a pudding face.
Good people don’t pick holes in another’s coat. 266. To huff and puff (cqjh rjg Fkd tkus ds dkj.k
254. To be in the picture (ekeys ls ifjfpr gksuk): xgjh lkal ysuk): to breathe heavily or rapidly
to be familiar with the matter because one is exhausted
She is in the picture in this crime. He was huffing and puffing when he reached the
255. Pie in the sky (>wBh vk'kk,): the illusory aspects school running.
of future benefits 267. To pull somebody’s leg (etkd esa Vkax f[kpkbZ
We should not depend on pie in the sky. djuk): to make fun of somebody
256. One’s pigeon (mÙkjnkf;Ro): one’s responsibility I have warned him of pulling my leg.
or business 268. To pull no punches (fdlh Hkh iz dkj ls viuh
It is not my pigeon to manage money for her vkykspuk de u djuk): not to soften one’s criticism
marriage. in any way
257. To pipe one’s eye (iwQV&iwQVdj jksuk): to weep Ramu pulled no punches and humiliated her.
bitterly 269. To pull one’s punches ({kerk gksrs gq, Hkh tksj
He is piping his eye at his father’s death. ls vkØe.k u djuk): to attack less vigorously
258. To pay the piper (fdlh pht dk [kpZ mBkuk): than one is able to
to pay the cost of something He pulls his punches even when his enemy attacks
You will have to pay the piper for what you do. him.
259. To be poles apart (,d nqljs ls dkslksa nwj gksuk): 270. Born in purple (jkt?kjkus esa tUe): born in a
to be widely separated royal family
The government and its employees are poles apart She is born in purple.
on the issue of demands. 271. To push one’s luck ( [k rj k mB k uk ] Hk kX ;
260. To pop the question (fookg dk izLrko j[kuk): vktekuk) : to take ever increasing risks or
to propose marriage chances
He popped the question to her and she accepted Everyone should push his luck.
it.
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296. A sitting duck (og O;fDr ;k oLrq ftl ij 308. At full stretch (iw.kZ {kerk ds lkFk): to the limit
vklkuh ls geyk fd;k tk lds): a person of thing of one’s ability
that is an easy target to attack She is preparing for the examination at full stretch.
The poor villagers are the sitting ducks for the 309. To keep on a string (iwj k&iwj k dkcw j[kuk ;k
terrorists. fu;a=k.k djuk): to have control or hold over (a
297. Slip through one’s fingers (idM+ esa uk vkuk): person) His father keeps on a string over him.
fail to grasp an opportunity 310. On the stroke (Bhd oDr ij): at right time
The chance slipped through my fingers. He spoke the truth on the stroke.
298. A snake in the grass (vkLrhu dk lka i ) : a 311. A stumbling block (vojks/): an obstacle
secret enemy
I don’t have any stumbling block on the path of
Your friend is a snake in the grass. my progress.
299. Sons of a gun (cnek'k): rogue, rascal 312. Between sun and sun (lw;ksZn; ls lw;kZLr rd):
Avoid the company of the sons of a gun. from sunrise to sunset
300. Fairly and squarely (bekunkjh ls): honestly He works hard between sun and sun.
The headmaster deals with his staffs fairly and 313. To see the sun (tUe ysuk): to be born
squarely. She saw the sun in 1992.
301. A narrow squeak (cky&cky cpuk): a narrow 314. A month of Sundays (le; dh yEch vof/): A
escape long period of time
The passengers escaped a narrow squeak in a It passed a month of Sundays and my work
bus accident. remained incomplete.
302. To steal the show : to attract the most attention 315. All and sundry (fcuk Hks n &Hkko ds lHkh) :
and praise (especially unexpectedly)
Everyone without distinction
The film has several actors but the new one has
Grains and clothes were distributed to all and
stolen the show.
sundry.
303. To steer clear of (vyx jguk): to stay away
316. To sweep the board (lkjs buke thruk): To win
from
all the prizes
The doctor advised him to steer clear of
Being a shrewd gambler he swept the board.
intoxication.
317. To go with a swing (iwjh y; j[kuk): To have a
304. A stick- in- the -mud (:f<+oknh): a person who
strong rhythm
resists change
The singer went with a swing in the party last
Your grandfather is a stick-in-the-mud.
night.
305. A storm in a tea cup (csd kj dk gks& gYyk) :
318. Swings and roundabouts (ykHk&gkfu ds larqfyr
much ado about nothing
gksus dh oLrq): A matter of balancing profits against
The nuisance was a storm in a tea cup. losses
306. A cock and bull story (rdZghu] csrqdk cgkuk): The businessman must have swings and
an absurd and improbable story especially one used roundabouts in the business.
as an excuse)
319. At one fell swoop (,d gh >iVs es)
a : in a single,
He told me a cock and bull story when I asked deadly action
him the reason for his being late
The robbers snatched the money bag at one fell
307. A yellow streak (dk;jrk) : cowardice in swoop and fled.
somebody’s character
320. To draw the sword (yM+kbZ 'kq: djuk): to begin
He has a yellow streak, so he cannot take any a war
risk in life.
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She has drawn the sword with her in laws against The car came to us at full tilt along the deserted
exploitation. road.
321. To sheathe a sword (yM+kbZ dk var djuk): to 333. In the nick of time (,d oDr ij): only just in
stop a fight time
Pakistan should sheathe a sword and make The police saved him from the murderer in the
friendship with India. nick of time.
322. To take (somebody) heed (lpsr jguk): to be 334. A kick in the teeth (:dkoV): an unpleasant
careful and often unexpected action
Take heed lest you should fail. The wrong decision of the secretary is a kick in
323. To get tanked up (u'ks esa /q r gksuk) : to get the teeth for the employees.
drunk 335. Tooth and nail (iwjh 'kfDr yxkdj): with all
Rana got tanked up last night. one’s resources or energy; fiercely)
324. Wear and tear (lkekU; iz;ksx ds dkj.k gksus okyh India played tooth and nail but lost the match.
{kfr): damage caused by ordinary use 336. To throw in the towel (gkj Lohdkj djuk): to
The carpet could not stand up to the wear and admit that one is defeated
tear of continued use. The Congress Party threw in the towel in the Bihar
325. The king of terror (e`R;q): death Assembly elections.
Everybody has to meet the king of terror. 337. To turn the corner (eqlhcr dk oDr Vy tkuk):
to pass through a crisis safely
326. Thick and fast (tYnh&tYnh ,oa i;kZ Ir la[;k
When the doctor’s report came, I knew he had
es)
a : rapidly and in great numbers
turned the corner.
The volunteers were coming thick and fast in the
338. To turn one’s back (Mj ds dkj.k Hkkx tkuk):
flood affected areas.
to flee, to run away with fear
327. To be skating on thin ice (uktqd elys ij ckrs
The soldier turned his back from the battlefield.
djuk): to talk about or do something that can
339. To take the veil (lU;kfluh cuuk): to become
cause disagreement, protest or other trouble
a run
You should be tactful in skating on thin ice.
She didn’t marry and took the veil.
328. To cut one’s own throat (vius ikao esa vius
340. An iron hand in a velvet glove (e/q j vkpj.k
vki dqYkgkM+h ekjuk): to bring about one’s own
ruin
esa fNih dBksjrk): ruthlessness concealed by soft
speech or good manners
She cut her own throat quarrelling with her
husband. Amrita treats her employees with an iron hand in
a velvet glove.
329. To be in the throes of (la?k"kZ djuk): struggling
341. A bird’s- eye- view (mQaps LFkku ls ns[kk x;k uhps
with the task of
dk utkjk): (of something) general view from a
The army was in the throes of reorganization.
high position looking down
330. To go with the tides (le;kuqlkj dk;Z djuk):
The Prime Minister had a bird’s eye: view of the
work according to circumstances
flood situation in Bihar from a helicopter.
The people, who go with the tides never, suffer
342. To warm the cockles (of somebody’s heart)
loss.
(fdlh dks [kq'k djuk): to make somebody feel
331. To tie the knot: to marry
pleased or happy
She will tie the knot next year.
I warmed the cockles of her heart by informing
332. Full tilt (iwjh rkdr ds lkFk): with full speed or her of her husband’s arrival.
force 343. To muddy the waters (xqM xkscj dj nsuk): to
make a situation confused and unclear
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12. THE SAME WORD USED AS DIFFERENT
PARTS OF SPEECH
He would not lie - he is above that
She is abvoe deceit.
Adv: (c) upstream from a place.
(a) a little more or less than; a little before of after; Look at the waterfall above the bridge.
approximately.
I drove for about ten kilometres.
He is about the same age as you. Adj:
(b) nearly (a) not persent at sth; at another place.
I am about ready. He was absent form school yesterday.
(c) here and there all around. Do you remember your absent friends.
Many people were sitting about on the grass. (b) not existing; lacking.
His books are lying about on the floor. Love was totally absent from his childhood.
(d) moving around. Happiness is absent in the family.
There was nobody about. V: not be present at something; stay away from some-
He will soon be about again. thing.
(e) somewhere near; not far off. She deliberately absented herself from the meet-
She is somewhere about. ing.
(f) facing around.
It is the wrong way about.
N:
Put the car about.
(a) deed: thing done.
Prep:
It is an act of kindness to help the poor.
(a) here and there in a place in many directions.
(b) any of the main divisions of a play.
He was walking about the village.
It is a play in five acts.
I shall travel about the world.
The hero dies in Act 4. Scene 3.
(b) (indicating positin, etc) at points throughout; here
(c) law or decree made by a legislative body.
and there.
Parliament has passed an act which makes such
Papers are strewn about in the room.
sports illegal.
(c) not far off from: near to a place,
(d) way of behaving which is not genuine, but which
I dropped my purse somewhere about here. is adopted for the effect it will have on others;
(d) in connection with; concerning or regarding: on pretence.
the subject of somebody/something. Don't take her seriously – it is all an act.
This is a book about flowers. She is just putting on an act.
He is careless about his personal appearance. (a) do something; perform actions;
You acted wisely by ignoring such unsound ad-
vice.
Prep:
The time for talking is past; we must act at once.
(a) beyond the reach of because too good, great, and
(b) do what is expected of one as a professional or an
so on.
official person.
She is above suspicion.
The police refused to act without more evidence.
(b) too good, etc, for sth.
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Adj: Adj:
(a) going before others. attentive and quick to think or act.
He was a member of the advance party. He is alert to possible dangers.
(b) done or provided in advance. Although he is over ninety, his mind is still remark-
I gave him advance warning of the danger. ably alert.
He made an advance booking for the play. Are you mentally very alter?
N: N:
(a) forward movement. (a) special watchfulness before or during an attack.
The enemy's advance was halted. The troops were placed on full alert.
(b) progress. (b) warning given to prepare for danger or an attack.
This is a book about the continued advance of The police gave the public the alert for suspected
civilisation. dacoits.
(c) money paid before it is due, or for work only par- V:
tially completed; loan, (a) warn to watch for danger and be ready to act.
The bank made him an advance of Rs. 10,000. The police have already been alerted.
She asked for an advance on her salary. (b) make somebody aware of something.
(d) attempts to establish a friendly or an amorous or a You should alert the staff to crisis facing the com-
sexual relationship. pany.
He made advances to her.
V:
(a) come or go forward. N:
The mob advanced towards us shouting angrily. (a) strong feeling of displeasure and hostility.
Our troops have advanced ten kilometres. He spoke in anger about the plight of the poor.
(b) make progress. He was filled with anger at the way he had been
tricked.
Try to advance in your career.
I slapped her in a moment of anger.
(c) move or put somebody/something forward.
V:
The general advanced his troops at night.
fill somebody with anger; make angry.
(d) help the progress of something.
Your rude behaviour angered her.
Such conduct is unlikely to advance your inter-
ests.
(e) make or present (a claim, suggestion, etc)
N: dress; clothes.
Scientists have advanced a new theory to explain
He was wearing costly attire.
this phenomenon.
V: dress somebody.
(f) pay money before it is due to be paid, lend money.
The child was attired in white clothes.
He asked his employer to advance him a month's
salary.
The bank advanced him ten thousand rupees.
N:
(g) bring an event to an earlier date.
tool with a handle and a heavy metal bland used
The date of the meeting was advanced from the
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N:
N: foolish talk.
hair growing on the chin and the lower cheeks of
Nobody likes your babble. a man's face.
V:
Who is the man with the beard?
(a) talk in a way that is difficult or impossible to un-
He has grown a beard.
derstand.
V:
Stop babbling and speak more slowly.
oppose bravely, defy somebody/something openly.
(b) chatter in a thoughtless or confused way.
What are you babbling about? Can you beard a tiger?
Can you beard your employer?
N:
(a) fussy, unattractive or bad-tempered woman. Adj:
She is an awful old bag. (a) of the most excellent, desirable, suitable, etc, kind.
(b) container made of flexible material. She is my best friend.
He has bought a bag. That was the best dinner I have ever had.
(c) all the birds, animals, etc, shot or caught. It is best to go by bus.
We got a good bag today. Note: The term best man means male friend or
V: relative of a bridegroom who supports him at
(a) put into a bag. his wedding.
They have bagged up wheat. Example: He acted as my best man.
(b) kill or catch something. Adv:
They bagged four birds. (a) in the most excellent manner.
(c) take something without permission but without in- I work best in the mornings.
tending to steal. Do as you think best.
Who has bagged my pen? She is the person best able to cope with the task.
(d) sag or hang loosely, looking like a cloth bag. (b) most, to the greatest degree.
He was wearing trousers that bag at the knee. I enjoyed her first novel best.
He is the best-known politician.
N:
N:
(a) establishment for keeping money, valuables, etc. (a) that which is best; the outstanding thing or
personamong several.
I have no money in the bank.
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Let me have a look at the brief of the case. After the storm, came a calm.
(b) case given to a lawyer. V: cause somebody to become calm.
Will you accept this brief? Just calm down a bit.
(c) Instructions and information relating to a particu- Have a cup of coffee it will help to calm you down.
lar situation.
It is not part of my brief to train new employees.
V:
(a) give a brief to somebody. N: prudence; being careful to avoid danger or mis-
The company has briefed a top lawyer to define takes.
it. Proceed with caution.
(b) give somebody detailed information or isturction You should exercise exterme caution when driv-
in advance about something. ing in fog.
The Prime Minister was fully briefed before the V:
meeting. (a) warn somebody to be careful.
We were cautioned not to drive too fast.
(b) warn or advise somebody against something.
N: I cautioned him against undue optimism.
(a) road by which traffic can go round a town, busy,
area, etc, instead of through it.
If we take the bypass, we shall avoid the con- N:
gested areas. (a) attractiveness; power of pleasing, fascinating or
(b) alternative passage for blood to circulate through attracting people.
during a surgical operation, especially on the heart. She is a young woman of termendous charm.
He underwent a bypass surgery. V:
V: (a) delight; please, fascinate or attract somebody.
(a) ignor (a rule, procedure, etc) or fail to consult some- She charms everyone she meets.
body in order to act quickly.
I was greatly charmed by her vivacity, stunning
He bypassed his colleagues on the board and went beauty and high spirits.
ahead with the deal.
(b) influence or protect somebody/something by or as
(b) go around or avoid something, using a bypass. if by magic.
We managed to bypass the shopping centre by tak- He has a charmed life.
ing side-streets.
(c) provide (a town, etc) with a bypass.
This is a plan to bypass the town centre. Adj:
(a) near in space or time.
The temple is close to the college.
Adj:
(b) near in relationship.
(a) not windy.
He is a close relative of mine.
It is a calm cloudless day.
(c) intimate; dear.
(b) quiet, untroubled; not excited, nervous or agitated.
She is a close friend of mine.
It must be borne in mind that is is bery important
(d) carful; thorough.
to keep calm in an emergency.
Pay close attention to what your parents say.
The city is calm again after yesterday's riots.
(e) humid.
N: calm condition or period.
It is very close today.
People welcome the calm of a summer evening.
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(d) control; manage somebody/something.
Pushpa directed the planning of the festival.
Adj: He directed the film.
(a) loved by somebody; greatly valued. (e) turn or aim something in a particular direction.
You are my dear friend. He directed my attention to what she was doing.
He lost everything that was dear to him. (f) command; order.
(b) expensive. The officer directed the soldiers to advance.
He was wearing a dear dress.
Clothes are getting dearer.
That shop is too dear for me. N:
Adv: at a high cost. (a) person who has been trained in medical science.
If you want to make money, buy cheap and sell As he fell ill, we had to call the doctor.
dear. (b) person who has received the highest university de-
N: lovable person. gree.
How are you, dear? He is a doctor of Philosophy.
Now, my dears, come with me. V:
Thank you, you are a dear. (a) give medical treatment for something or to some-
Be a dear and give me that book. body.
He was doctored by a famous physician.
(b) add something harmful to (food or drink)
Adj: They doctored her fruit juice with posion, and she
(a) going straight. died,
Are there any direct flights to Kolkata? (c) change something in order to deceive.
He had gone direct to the lounge. He doctored the evidence.
(b) frank; straightforward. The report about the accident has been doctored.
I have a direct way of speaking.
(c) exact; complete.
Your reply today is in direct contradiciton to that
you said last week. N: common domestic animal that is often kept as a
Adv: pet or used to guard or hunt things.
(a) using a straight route; without interrupting a jour- I have a dog.
ney. V:
The train goes to Madras direct. (a) follow somebody closely and persistently.
(b) Personally; with no one in between. She has been dogging me all day.
I perfer to deal with her direct. The police dogged the suspected dacoit.
V: (b) keep affecting.
(a) tell or show somebody how to get somewhere. Bad luck has dogeed me all the year.
Direct her to the airport. Her career was dogged by misfortune.
(b) address (a letter, etc.) The project has been dogged by a number of tech-
Direct the letter to his home address. nical problems.
(c) intend that a particular person or group should no-
tice.
Adj: defective, worthless.
Let me direct these remarks to postgraduate stu-
dents. These are dud light bulbs.
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This is dud battery. attention, etc)
I gave her a dud cheque for ten thousand rupees. The police employed force to open the door.
N: Person or thing that fails to work properly. Employ your spare time better.
The new general manager is a complete dud. He was busily employed in washing his clothes.
The new system is a dud.
These light bulbs are duds.
This battery is a dud. Adj:
(a) precise; correct in every detail.
She is in her mid-twenties; well, twenty-four to be
Adj: exact.
(a) not bright or clear: What were his exact words?
It is a dull colour. (b) capable of being precise and accurate.
He is dull of hearing. He is a very exact person.
(This sentence is equivalent to He is slightly deaf.) V:
(b) slow in understanding; stupid (a) demand and enforce the payment of something.
He is a dull pupil. The kidnappers exacted a ransom of ten lakh ru-
Do you have a dull mind? pees from the family.
(c) lacking interest or excitement; boring; monotonous. (b) insist on and obtain sth.
The conference was deadly dull. He exacts obedience from his staff.
I thought the book dull and unoriginal. (c) require; make something necessary.
It iwll be so dull here without her. Her work exacts great care and attention to de-
tail.
(d) not sharp.
It is a dull knife.
(e) (of trade) slow: not busy. N:
There is always a dull period after January sales. (a) organ of sight.
(g) (of feelings) not intense. I have two eyes.
I stared at her in dull discomfort. He is blind in one eye.
V: make or become dull. (b) observation; power of seeing.
Watching television dulls one's wits. I have sharp eyes.
She took medicine to dull the pain. His eyes fell upon an advertisment in a newspa-
Time had dulled the edge of his grief. per.
V:
(a) observe or watch somebody/domething in the
specified way.
N: Service or employment. She eyed me with suspicion.
She has been in my employ for a span of a little (b) look at something with longing.
over two years.
The children were eyeing the sweets.
He left my employ after an argument.
V:
(a) give work to somebody for payment. N:
I employed her to look after the baby. (a) front part of the head.
He has not been employed for four months now. Go and wash your face.
(b) make use of somebody/something; occupy (time, (b) expression shown on a face.
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She had a face like thunder. The house was in flames.
I am a good judge of faces. (b) person with whom one was once in love; sweet-
V: heart or lover.
(a) be opposite to; have or turn the face towards some- She is an old flame of mine.
body/something. V:
The window faces the street. (a) burn with a bright flame.
The picture faces page 10. Wax flames quikly.
Turn round and face me. (b) glow or shine like flames.
(b) meet somebody/something confidently or defiantly. He has flaming red hair.
He turned to face his attackers. Her face flamed with anger.
(c) confront, require the attention of somebody/some-
thing.
Many problems face the government. N:
(a) wild animal of the dog family.
The fox is known for its cleverness and cunning.
N: (b) person who is clever and able to get what he wants
(a) rapid; moving quickly. by deceiving or manipulating.
He is a fast runner. He is a sly old fox.
(b) happening quickly. V:
It was a fast trip. (a) be too difficult for somebody to understand; baffle
(c) (of a watch or clock) showing a time later than or confuse.
the true time. He was completely foxed by her behaviour.
This clock is ten minutes fast. (b) discolour (the pages of a book) with brown marks.
(d) reckless, spending too much time and energy on This volume is foxed on the flyleaf.
pleasure and excitement.
She leads a fast life.
(e) Close; loyal; very intimate. N:
She is fast friend of mine. (a) fear or anxiety.
Adv: He was in a fink about changing jobs,
(a) quickly (b) coward.
I can run fast. Are you a funk?
Night was fast approaching. V: avoid something or doing something because of
(b) firmly; tightly; securely. fear.
He was fast asleep. He funked telling his wife that he had lost his job.
V: go without (certain kinds of) food, especially for
religious reasons.
N: continuous trivial chatter.
She fasts on Tuesdays.
Stop your gab.
You should fast once a weak.
V: chatter about unimportant things.
N: period of going without food.
She has been gabbing on the phone for about an
He was on a fast of three days.
hour.
N:
(a) Portion of burning gas; visible part of fire.
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(b) that which is morally right or acceptable.
Communism claimed to be a force for good (of
N: fast unintelligible speech. mankind)?
Nobody like your gabble.
V: talk quickly and indistinctly.
Take your time and don't gabble. N:
(a) fool; silly or stupid person.
Are you a goof?
N: (b) stupid error.
(a) hot-tasting spicy root used as a flavouring agent. Sorry, that was a bit of a goof on my part.
(b) energy; spirit; liveliness. V: make a mess of; fail to do something properly.
Our footaball team needs a bit more ginger in it. She had a great chance, but she goofed again.
Adj:
(a) flavoured with ginger.
Give me a ginger cake. N:
V: make somebody/something more vigorous or lively. (a) place where one lives with one's family.
Let us have some dancing to ginger up the party. The doctor visits patients in their homes.
The Prime Minister appointed some new minis- (b) place from which something originates.
ters to ginger up his adminstration. Greece is the home of democracy.
Adj:
(a) of or connected with one's home.
V: cause somebody to receive, hold, have or own I have a happy home life.
something.
He enjoys home comforts.
This rope has too much give in it.
(b) domestic; in one's own country.
Don't worry if the shoes seem a bit tight a first,
Do your best for the good of the home industries.
the leather has plenty of given in it.
Adv:
(a) at, in or to one's home or country.
Adj: He has gone home.
(a) of high quality. She is on her way home.
Her English is very good. Is he home yet?
(b) thorough; complete; round. Will the Indian authorities send him home for trial?
I gave him a good beating.
(c) suitable; appropriate.
N: man to whom a woman is married.
She is good for the job.
What is your husband?
(d) valid for.
He will make someone a very good husband.
This ticket is good for five months.
V: try to save; use something sparingly and economi-
(e) not less than; rather more than.
cally.
I waited for her for a good hour.
You should husband your resources.
It is a good two kilometres to the station.
Do you husband your salary?
N:
(a) that which gives benefit, advantage, etc.
Work hard for the good of the country. N:
It is for your good. (a) importance or significance.
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It is a matter of great import.
(b) meaning of something; when not directly stated.
What is the hidden import of his speech? N:
(c) imported goods, services, and so on. (a) metal instrument to move the bolt of a lock, or to
lock or unlock something.
Huge import of foodgrains was a heavy drain on
foreign exchange reserves. Turn the key clockwise to open the lock.
V: (b) general tone or style to something.
(a) mean or convey something to somebody. His speech was all in the same key.
What did these developments import to you? (c) a set of answers to exercise or problems.
(b) bring goods, ideas, etc from a foreign country into This is a book of Hindi tests, complete with key.
one's own country. (d) thing that provides access, control or understand-
These cars have been imported from Japan. ing.
Diet and exercise are the key to good health.
The key to the whole affair was her jealousy.
N: Adj: very imprortant or essential.
(a) making of secret plans to do something bad; con- She is a key figure in the dispute.
spiracy. He holds a key position in the organisation.
It is a novel of mystery and intrigue. V:
(b) secret arrangement. (a) make something similar to something else.
Tell me something about your amorous intrigues. She keyed her mood to that of the other guests.
V: (b) make something suitable for something else.
(a) make and carry out secret plans or plots to do some- The farm was keyed to the needs of the local
thing bad. people.
Some of the members of the club had been in- (c) make somebody excited, nervous or tense.
triguing to get the secretary dismissed. The manager warned us not to get too keyed be-
(b) arouse somebody's curiosity or interest. fore the match.
What you say intrigues me; tell me more.
I intrigued her with an exciting story.
N:
(a) Chil or young person.
N: sudden rough blow or thrust. How are your wife and kids?
He gave me a jab in the arm. Half the kids round her are unemployed.
V: poke or push at somebody/something roughly. (b) younger.
She jabbed me in the ribs with her elbow. Where is your kid brother?
(c) young goat.
He has bought two kids.
N: bad luck, curse.
V: deceive somebody, especially playfully; tease.
Someone has put a jinx on this car; it is always
Don't kid her.
giving me trouble.
Don't kid yourself–it won't be easy.
V: bring bad luck to somebody/something.
He has been jinxed.
I think this computer must be jinxed–it is always N: Sleep
breadking down.
Did you you have some kip night?
V: lie down to sleep.
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I shall kip here to night. Adv:
He kipped out in a field. (a) after all others.
She kipped down on the floor. He came last in the race.
This country ranks last in industrial output.
(b) most recently; on the occasion before the present
V: time.
(a) go too slow; fail to keep space with others. I last saw him in Pairs four years ago.
The small boy soon became tired and lagged far V:
behind the rest of the walkers. (a) endure; continue for a period of time.
Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are lag- The war lasted two weeks.
ging far behind.
He will not last long in that job—it is too tough.
(b) period of time separating two events, especially
How long do you think this fine weather will last?
an action and its effect, delay.
(b) be adequate or enough.
There was a log of several seconds between the
lightning and the thunder. We have enough food to last four days.
There will be a one-year lag between the time I (c) be strong enough to survive or endure something.
write this book and its publication. He is very ill and probably will not last the night.
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V: want something very much; have an intense de-
sire for something.
I am longing to see her again.
She longed for him to ask her to dance. Adj: nothing more than; no better or more than.
She is a mere child.
He is not a mere boxer, he is a world champion.
N: Mere words won't help.
(a) strong sexual desire. N: pond; small lake.
Curb your lust. There is a mere in this village.
He gratified his lusts.
(b) intense desire for something or enjoyment of some-
thing. N:
He has a lust for power. (a) quality of deserving praise or reward; excellence;
Do we have a lust for fame and glory? worth.
I have no lust for money. He is a man of merit.
The general was filled with the lust of battle. There is not much merit in this plan.
V: feel a strong desire for somebody/something. It is a work of high literary merit.
Don't lust after ugly women. (b) fact, action, quality, etc, that deserves praise or
He lusted for revenge. reward.
We judged her on her merits.
The merits of the project are quite obvious.
N: V: deserve; be worthy of something.
(a) adult male human being. His suggestion merits consideration.
These are clothes for men. This experiment merits closer examination.
Are you a good man? It was not important enough to merit a special dis-
(b) person; human being of either sex. cussion.
All men must die.
(c) mankind; the human race.
N:
Man is mortal.
(a) large disorderly crowd.
(d) husband, male lover, boyfriend, and so on.
The fans rushed onto the pitch in an excited mob.
She wanted to bring her man to the party.
The police faced a mob throwing bricks and petrol
Her man has been sent abroad by his employers.
bombs.
(e) male person under the authority of somebody else.
(b) gang of criminals.
The manager gave the men (i.e., the workers) their
Whose mob are you with?
instructions.
V: crowd round somebody noisily in great numbers,
(f) valet; manservant.
either to attack or admire.
My man will drive you home.
The actor was mobbed by teenagers.
(g) male person with the qualities of courage, tough-
Pop stars are always moaning about being mobbed
ness, etc, often as so Be a man.
by their fans.
They acquitted themselves like men.
V: supply something for sevice or to operate some-
thing. N: the celestial body that moves round the earth once
They manned the telephones all through the night. every twenty-eight days and shines at night by light
I don't know how to man this machine. reflected from the sun.
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Can you explore the surface of the moon? This copy is nearer the original than the others I
I have seen television pictures of a man walking have seen.
on the moon We don't have that colour in stock – this is the
V: wander about aimlessly or listlessly. nearest.
She spent the whole summer mooning about at Adv:
home. (a) at a short distance form time or space.
Stop mooning and get on with some work. Please come near and listen to me.
Her wedding day is drawing near.
(b) similar to.
V: Most views were fairly near the truth.
(a) give a name to somebody/something. (c) at a short distance away.
They named their child Sundari Devi. Are you all sitting near enough the screen?
(b) identify; give the name of somebody/something. We found a few shops quite near.
He can name all the plants in this garden. Prep:
(c) specify; state something precisely; mention. With only a short distance or time between.
We have named a date for the meeting. Faridabad is near Delhi.
(d) nominate somebody for, or appoint somebody to, a Don't sit near the door.
position.
His birthday is very near Diwali.
He has been named as the new director.
V: approach; come close to somebody/something in
N: space or time.
(a) word or words by which a person, place, thing or Our examination is nearing.
an animal is known and sopken to or of. Ram,
The day is nearing when we will have to decide.
Patna, Delhi etc.
(b) reputation; fame.
Ramesh Publishing House has a name for hon- Adj:
esty and relibility.
(a) gone by in time.
(c) famous person.
The time for discussion is past.
Mahatma Gandhi is a name in history.
(b) just ended or finished; gone by recently.
The past month has been a difficult one for him.
V: talk informally and aimlessly (Usually to oneself) I have seen little of her in the past few weeks.
He nattered about his work. (c) belonging to an earlier time.
N: informal conversation. Past and present students of the college were in-
vited.
They had a quick natter.
N:
(a) time that has gne by.
Adj: I have been there many times in the past.
(a) within a short distance or time form somebody/ (b) a peron's past life or career, specially one that is
something; not far. His flat is very near (from this discreditable.
place). I know nothing of her past.
I hope to buy a new car in the near future. Prep:
(b) closely related. (a) Later than something; after.
He is a near relation of mine. It was past midnight when we got home.
(c) similar. It is ten minutes past six.
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He is sitting right beside you.
(b) all the way; completely.
Adj: Go right to the end of the road.
(a) moving fast or doing something in a short time. The apple was rotten right through.
Are you quick to learn? He fell right to the bottom of the stairs.
The thief got away—he was too quick for me. (c) correctly; properly; satisfactorily.
(b) done in a short time. Nothing seems to be going right for me at the mo-
Go and have a quick meal. ment.
He has a quick eye for imperfections. Have you guessed right or wrong?
His quick wits saved the boy's life. (d) immediately.
(d) sensitive; easily roused. I must answer that phone, but I shall be right back.
She is always very quick to take offence. (e) to the right side.
Be careful not to annoy him—he has got a quick Turn right at the end of the street.
temper. N:
(e) intelligent; competent. (a) what is good, just, honourable, and so on.
He is not as quick as his sister. Do you know the difference between right and
His spellings are poor but he is very quick at fig- wrong?
ures. (b) proper claim to something; or authority to do some-
Adv: quickly. thing.
Come as quick as you can. You have no right to do this.
Everyone is trying to get rich quick now-a-days. (c) thing one may do or have by law.
I don't know who ran quickest. Everyone has a right to a fair trial.
N: soft slender flesh, especially below the finger-nails. (d) right-hand side or direction.
He has bitten his nails to the quick. Go ahead and take the first turning on the right.
V:
(a) return itsefl/something to proper, correct or upright
N: rubbish; waste or worthless material. position.
Throw away the kitchen refuse. I managed to right the car after is skidded.
That is a dump for refuse. The ship righted itself after the big wave and
V: say or show that one is unwilling to give, accept, passed.
grant, or do something. (b) correct itself/something.
She refused his proposal of marriage. The fault will right itself if you give it time.
He refused to help me. Can you right a wrong?
N: type of gun with a long barrel. N:
I have two rifles. (a) common white substance obtained from mines,
V: search and rob something. present in sea water. used for flavouring and pre-
The safe had been rifled and many documents serving food.
taken. Give me a grain of salt.
(b) thing that makes something more interesting, lively,
and so forth.
Adv: Her humour added salt to her conversation.
(a) exactly; directly. V: to pout salt on or in food to season it.
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(c) thorough; full and complete. V:
I gave her a sound thrashing. (a) name or pen letters of a word in their correct or-
(d) accurate and careful; competent. der.
It is a sound piece of writing. How do you spell your name?
He is a sound tennis player. That word is spelt with a PH, not an Fº
(e) (of sleep or a sleeper) deep; peaceful and uninter- We spell her name M-O-H-I-N-I.
rupted. (b) put the letters of words togethr in the correct or
Are you a sound sleeper? accepted order. These children cannot spell.
V: (c) have something as a result; mean.
(a) give a specific impression when heard. The failure of their crops spelt disaster for the peas-
Her voice sound sweet. ant farmers.
Does your voice sound hoarse?
She sounds just the person I need for the secre-
N:
tarial job.
(a) person or thing that is being discussed or described.
Your excuse sounds unconvincing.
It is an intersting subject of conversation.
His explanation sounds reasonable.
(b) branch of knowledge studied in a school, etc.
(b) pronounce something.
English and history are my favourite subjects.
You don't sound the 'h' in hour.
(c) Person or thing that causes a specified feeling or
The 'b' in dumb is not sounded.
action.
N:
His appearance was the subject for some critical
(a) sensation detected by the ear. comment.
Sound travels more slowly than light. (d) word or words in a sentence naming who or what
Can you measure the speed at which sound trav- does or undergoes the action stated by the verb.
els? (e) any member of a State apart from the supreme
(b) thing that can be heard. ruler.
I heard a strange sound outside. I am an Indian by birth and an American subject
He crept upstairs without a sound. by marriage.
V:
(a) cause somebody/something to experience or un-
(a) great attration, fascination, etc, caused by a per- dergo something.
son or thing; strong influence. We subjected him to ridicule.
I am not under the spell of her stunning beauty. He was repeatedly subjected to torture.
(b) charm; words which spoken one thought to have Were you subjected to bitter criticism?
magical power.
(b) bring a country, etc, or a person under control.
Give me a book of spells.
Ancient India subjected most of Asia to its rule.
The wizard recited a spell.
Adj:
(c) state or condition caused by the speaking of such
(a) under the control of somebody else; not politically
words.
independent.
He was under a spell.
That is a subject province.
The magician cast a spell on him.
They are subject peoples.
(d) period of time during which something lasts.
(b) under the authority of somebody/something.
He rested for a short spell.
We are subject to the law of the land.
There was a long spell of warm weather.
Many peasants are subject to the local landowner.
Do you like the cold spell in January?
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Blood was welling out from the wound. He was wont to give lengthy speeches.
Adj:
(a) in good helath
Are you quite well? Adj: of the least excellent, suitable, desirable, etc, king.
Is she well enough to travel? This is the worst essay I have read.
(b) in a satisfactory state or position. What you have told me confirms my worst fears.
I am very well where I am. Adv: most badly.
All is well that ends well. He is one of the worst dressed men I know.
It seems that all is not well at home. Manufacturing industry was worst affected by the
fuel shortage.
(c) advisable or desirable.
Gita played badly, Rita played worse, and I played
Bear in mind that it would be well to start early.
worst of all.
Adj:
N: the most bad part, state, event, possibility, etc.
(a) in a good, right or satisfactory manner.
The worst of the storm in now over.
Mridual Devi speaks English very well.
When they did not hear from her, they feared the
I can read well enough without glasses. worst.
I hope verything is going very well with you. He was always optimistic, even when things were
Things did not go well for us at fist, but everything at their worst.
is fine now. V: defeat somebody in fight or competition.
(b) in a kind manner. I have been worsted by my enemy.
She treated me very well. She was worsted by me at badminton.
(c) thoroughly; completely or carefully. Note:
Shake the mixture well before use. (i) 'worst' is now rarely used as a verb.
Read the document well before you sing it. (ii) Its use as a verb, though rare, is usually made in
I am well able to manage on my own. the passive voice.
(d) with praise or approval.
She always speaks well of me.
(e) justifiably; reasonably or probably. Adj:
You may well be right. (a) unjust; not morally right.
I might well consier it later. It is wrong to steal.
I cannot very well leave now. (b) not true or correct.
It may well be that the train is delayed. Your estimate of the cost was completely wrong.
(f) to a considerable extent or degree. He did the sum but got the wrong answer.
She looks well over twenty. (c) mistaken.
He was driving at well over the speed limit. Can you prove that I am wrong?
He leaned well back in his chair. You are wrong in thinking that it is getting colder.
It was well worth waiting for her. (d) not required, suitable or the most desirable.
You are doing it the wrong train.
He came the wrong way.
N: habit; custom. You are wearing your jumper the wrong way
He went for a walk after breakfast, as was his round.
wont. He is the wrong man for the job.
Adj: in the habit of doing something; accustomed to do- Your decision proved to be wrong.
ing something. (e) In a bad condition.
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V: Pull something with a sudden sharp tug.
She yanked the rope and it broke.
N: sudden sharp tug.
V:
The old chain only needed a couple of yanks be-
(a) bear, produce or provide.
fore it snapped.
These trees do not yield fruit.
Our experiments yielded new insights.
N: My investment in business yielded high profit.
(a) fibres that have been spun for kniting, weaving, (b) allow oneself to be overcome by pressure; cease
etc. opposition to some boyd/something.
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She yielded to tepmation, and had another apple.
The government has not yielded to public opinion.
The town was forced to yield after a long siege. Adj: amusingly ridiculous; eccentric.
(c) bend or break under pressure; be forced out of He leads a zany lifestyle.
the usual or natural shape. He had a zany haircut.
Despite all our attempts to break it open, the lock N: comical or eccentric perosn.
didn't yield. People say that you are a zany.
The dam eventually yielded and collapsed under Nobody likes a zany.
the weight of water.
(d) be replaced or superseded by something.
The cinema has largely yielded to the home video. V:
Increasingly, farm land is slowly yielding to prop- (a) destroy suddenly and forcefully.
erty evelopment.
The Bofors zapped the enemy guns.
(e) deliver somebody/something to somebody; reluc-
(b) cause to move suddenly or quickly in the specified
tantly give control of something to somebody.
direction.
The hijackers of the plane have yielded four of
The tide zapped us up towards the coast.
their hostages to the police.
N: vigour; feeling of energy, liveliness, etc.
(f) reveal something; disclose something.
The universe is slowly yielding up its secrets to I highly admire her grand expression of zap at the
scientists. dancing party.
(g) concede; admit that one is inferior to somebody/
something.
N:
I yield to no one in my admiration for his work.
N: amount of that which is yielded or produced. (a) lowedst point; nothing; nil.
What is the yield of wheat per acre? Economic growth is at zero.
What is the annual milk yield? Prospects of success in the talk were put at zero.
(b) freezing point.
It was fourteen below zero when they woke up.
N: Adj: nothing at all of a particular thing.
(a) shaped piece of wood fixed across the necks of We drove in zero visiblity.
two animals, especially oxen, pulling a cart, plough, Its running costs were zero.
and so on.
(b) two oxen working together.
He has five yoke of oxen. N: line, path, etc, forming a zigzag.
Note: The word, yoke is also pused in the plural. Can you define a zigzag?
(c) oppressive control; burdensome restraint.
Adj: (of a path, line, etc) turning right and left alter-
Don't work under the yoke of a cruel employer. nately at sharp angles.
Throw all the yoke of slavery. The road to the airport is zigzag.
Don't go by that zigzag street.
N: loud wailing cry. V:
Did you hear the yowl coming from that direc- (a) move forward by going at an angle first to the right
tion? and then to the left.
V: utter a yowl. We zigzagged laboriously up the track.
The baby was kept awake as cats were yowling The narrow path zigzags up the hillside.
all the night.
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13. PROVERBS & THEIR USAGE
1. Avarice is the root of all evils -Greed is the main reason behind all evils.
ykyp cqjh cyk gSA
Incorrect : Avarice is the route of all evils.
Correct : Avarice is the root of all evils.
2. Black will take no other hue-Evil is all-pervading.
lwjnkl dh dkyh defj;k p<+s u nwtks jaxA
Incorrect : Black shall take no other hue.
Correct : Black will take no other hue.
3. A burnt child dreads the fire - One is forever scared of the thing that caused pain or hurt.
nw/ dk tyk NkWN Hkh iwaQd&iawQd dj ihrk gSA
Incorrect : A burnt child fears the fire.
Correct : A burnt child dreads the fire.
4. Truth is bitter - Truth often is very unpleasant to hear and tackle.
lPph ckr lcdks dM+oh yxrh gSA
Incorrect : Truth is sour.
Correct : Truth is bitter.
5. Ill-gotten goods seldom proper - Money earned through corrupt means is easily lost.82
pksjh dk /u eksjh esa tkrk gSA
Incorrect : Ill-gotten articles seldom prosper.
Correct : Ill-gotten goods seldom prosper.
6. If you want a thing well done, do it yourself - Do not depend on thers if you seek perfection.
fcuk vius ejs LoxZ ugha fn[kkbZ iM+rkA
Incorrect : If you want a thing well done, make it yourself.
Correct : If you want a ting well done, do it yourself.
7. There is no smoke without fire - There is always a basis for talks however untrue they may appear.
fcuk vkx ds /qvka ugha mBrkA
Incorrect : There is no ember without fire.
Correct : There is no smoke without fire.
8. Rome was not built in a day- A difficult aim cannot be achieved all at once.
gFksyh ij ngh ugha terkA
Incorrect : Rome was not made in a day.
Correct : Rome was not built in a day.
9. When in Rome, do as the Romans do - In an alien setting one should follow the conduct of the locals.
tSlk nsl] oSlk HkslA
Incorrect : When in Rome, act as the Romans do.
Correct : When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
10. Spare the rod and spoil the child - Occasionally it is good to enforce strict discipline.
NM+h yxs pu&pu fo|k gks, /e&/eA
Incorrect : Spare the cane and spoil the child
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Correct : Spare the rod and spoil the child.
11. Union is strenght - The strength is in numbers.
,d gh cy gSA
Incorrect : Union is courage.
Correct : Union is strength.
12. Every cloud has a silver lining - Even in the apparent by bad situations there is something positive.
gj jkr dh lqcg gksrh gSA
Incorrect : Every cloud has a silver streak.
Correct : Every cloud has a silver lining.
13. All is fair in love and war - In the face of extreme situations, one can resort to actions that may not be
presribed.
izse vkSj ;q¼ esa lHkh dqN tk;t gSA
Incorrect : All is fare in love and war.
Correct : All is fair in love and war.
14. A figure among ciphers - Among the ignorant many, the man with limited knowledge is the person with
importance.
vU/ksa esa dkuk jktk
Incorrect : A figure between ciphers.
Correct : A figure among ciphers.
15. Beggars cannot be choosers - A person who is in want of something cannot afford to be fussy.
nku dh cfN;k ds nkar ugha ns[ks tkrsA
Incorrect : Buggers cannot be choosers.
Correct : Beggars cannot be choosers.
16. Dianond cuts diamond - It needs a thig or person of equal strenght or status to beat another.
yksgk yksgs dks dkVrk gSA
Incorrect : Diamond breaks diamond.
Correct : Diamond cuts diamond.
17. Too many cooks spoil the broth - when one is dong something with the advice of many, the thing is sure
not to meet success.
cgqr ls tksxh eB mtkM+A
Incorrect : Too many cooks spoil the kitchen.
Correct : Too many cooks spoil the broth.
18. Strike the iron while it is hot - Things should be done when the situation is conducive to it/ opportunities
should not be lost.
le; dk mfpr mi;ksx djksA
Incorrect : Strike the iron as it is hot.
Correct : Strike the iron while it is hot.
19. One in search of truth must dive below - When one wants unravel the truth, it is wise to go the root of
the matter.
ftu [kkstk fru ikb;ka] xgjs ikuh iSBA
Incorrect : One in search of truth must go below.
Correct : One in search of truth must dive below.
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20. Penny wise, pound foolish - When you lose higher stakes because you went for the lower and the non-
important ones.
v'kfiQZ;ka yqVkdj dks;ys ij eksgjA
Incorrect : Penny wise, pound stupid.
Correct : Penny wise, pound foolish.
21. Once bitten twice shy - One is very scared of the situation, wherein an earlier experience of the same was
unpleasant.
nw/ dk tyk NkaN Hkh iwaQd&iwaQd dk ihrk gSA
Incorrect : Once beaten, twice shy.
Correct : Once bitten, twice shy.
22. Learning breeds controversy - Knowledge makes a person so aware, so as to question and not accept
unconditionally.
fo|k esa fookn gksuk LokHkkfod gSA
Incorrect : Learning creates controversy.
Correct : Learning breeds controversy.
23. Hard nut to crack - Difficult to solve.
yksgs ds pus pckuk
Incorrect : Hard nut to creak.
Correct : Hard nut to crack.
24. It is no use building castles in the air - One should not make conclusions that are not based on reality.
gok esa fdys cukukA
Incorrect : It is no use making castles in the air.
Correct : It is no use building castles in the air.
25. Half a loaf is better than no bread - When one is needy, he has to settle for something less that may not
fulfil the desire but satisfy the need.
ugha ekek ls dkuk ekek vPNkA
Incorrect : Half a loaf is bitter than no bread.
Correct : Half a loaf is better than no bread.
26. He jests at scars who never felt a wound - One who was never felt pain cannot understand that of the
others.
tkds iSj u iQVh fcokbZ] lks D;k tkus ihj ijkbZA
Incorrect : He jests at scars who never fault a wound.
Correct : He jests at scars who never felt a wound.
27. Example is better than precept - Practise what you preach.
mins'k djus ls Lo;a djuk HkykA
Incorrect : Example is bitter than precept.
Correct : Example is better than precept.
28. Give a dog a bad name and hang him - Giving a person a bad name will eventually ensure his demise.
fdlh dks ekjuk gS rksbYtke yxkdj ekjksA
Incorrect : Give a dog a bed name and hang him.
Correct : Give a dog a bad name and hang him.
29. Good health is above wealth - It is better to be healthy than rich. 60
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Correct : Many a little makes a mickle.
50. All are not alike - No two persons or situations in life are similar to each other.
ikapksa maxkfy;ka cjkcj ugha gksrhA
Incorrect : All are not like.
Correct : All are not alike.
51. A bad man is better than a bad name - It hardly metters how bad your are untile you get caught.
cn vPNk cunuke cqjkA
Incorrect : A bed man is better than a bad name.
Correct : A bad man is better than a bad name.
52. A honey tongue, a heart of gall - A person who talks sweet, but has evil intentions.
eq[k esa jke] cxy esa NqjhA
Incorrect : A honey tongue, a hart of gall.
Correct : A honey tongue, a heart of gall.
53. Ill got, ill spent - Money earned through wrong means is often lost and is eventually of no use.
iki dk /u izk;f'pr esa tkrk gSA
Incorrect : Ill got, eel spent.
Correct : Ill got, ill spent.
54. Like cures like - A shrewd person can be effectively dealt with shrewdness.
tgj dks tgj ekjrk gSA
Incorrect : Like treats like.
Correct : Like cures like.
55. Let the past bury the dead - It is better to forget the past and carry on.
chrh dks xkM+k]s ;k Hkwy tkvksA
Incorrect : Let the past forget the dead.
Correct : Let the past bury the dead.
56. It is too late to lock the stable door when the steed is stolen - After the event or the thing has
happened, it is too late to make amends.
vc iNrk;s gksr D;k tc fpfM+;ka pqx x;h [ksrA
Incorrect : It is too late to close the stable door when the steed is stolen.
Correct : It is too late to lock the stable door when the steed is stolen.
57. Pure gold does not fear the flame - A person doing good deeds has nothing to fear.
lkap dks vkap ughaA
Incorrect : Pure gold does not worry about the flame.
Correct : Pure gold does not fear the flame.
58. One nail drives out another- People of equivalent capabilities are suited to compete with each other.
dkaVs ls dkaVk fudyrk gSA
Incorrect : One nail drives after another.
Correct : One nail drives out another.
59. Riches have wings - Money is easily spent and doesnt’t stay for long.
y{eh papyk gksrh gSA
Incorrect : Riches possess wings.
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Correct : Riches have wings.
60. Poverty breeds strife - Poverty leads to misunderstandings and problems.
nfjnzrk dyg dh tM+ gSA
Incorrect : Poverty spreads strife.
Correct : Poverty breeds strife.
61. Crying in wilderness - Making suggestins that are not likely to be foolwed.
HkSl ds vkxs chu ctkukA
Incorrect : Crying on wilderness.
Correct : Crying in wilderness.
62. Misfortunes never come alone - During a bad phase, all things around us go bad.
eqlhcr vdsys ugha vkrhA
Incorrect : Misfortunes never visit alone.
Correct : Misfortunes never come alone.
63. A miss is as good as a mile - if one fails in somehing it makes no difference how close one came to
succeding
gkj rks gkj gh gSA
Incorrect : A miss is as nice as a mile.
Correct : A miss is as good as a mile.
64. The more the merrier - The more the people or things there are the better.
ftrus T;knk mruk etkA
Incorrect : The more the neater.
Correct : The more the merrier.
65. All’s well that ends well - When the result turns out to be good, then no matter however bad the process
was, it can be set aside.
vUr Hkyk rks lc HkykA
Incorrect : All’s well that finishes well.
Correct : All’s well that ends well.
67. Drowning man catches the straw - A person in dire straits looks towards support from even the most
inconsequential things.
Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjkA
Incorrect : Drowning man catches upon straw.
Correct : Drowning man catches the straw.
68. Cut your coat according to your cloth - One should desire according to one’s capabilities.
rsras ikao ilkfj;s tsrh yach lSjA
Incorrect : Cut your coat according to your clothe.
Correct : Cut your cloth according to your cloth.
69. Might is right - A person with power is often proved to be right even though he might not be so.
ftldh ykBh mldh HkSlA
Incorrect : Might is rite.
Correct : Might is right.
70. Perseverance prevails - Devotion to one’s work pays off in the end.
/hjt esa izkfIr gSA
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Incorrect : To the good, the world is good.
Correct : To the good, the world appears good.
90. To make castles in the air - To dream about something and come to conclusions even before the events
have happened in reality.
gok esa iqy cka/ukA gokbZ fdys cukukA
Incorrect : To build castles in the air.
Correct : To make castles in the air.
91. Beneath the rose lies the serpent - There is some evil dormant even when one is surrounded by good-
ness.
fc"k&jl Hkjk dud&?kV tSlAs
Incorrect : Beneath a rose lies the serpent.
Correct : Beneath the rose lies the serpent.
92. Crows are never the whiter for washing - Bad/evil cannot be turned around by mere advice.
uhe u ehBh gks; lhpks xqM+&?kh lsA
Incorrect : Crows are never the whiter after nwashing.
Correct : Crows are never the whiter for washing.
93. A drop in the ocean- A little effort when the need is of a massive one.
mQaV ds eqga esa thjkA
Incorrect : A drip in the ocean.
Correct : A drop in the ocean.
94. Familiarity breeds contempt- One ceases to be fully aware of and to appreciate the qualities of someone
too close.
?kj dk tksxh tksxM+k vku xkao dk fl¼A
Incorrect : Familiarity produces contempt.
Correct : Familiarity breeds contempt.
95. He who would sow will must reap well - A person who has taken wise decisions often gets good results
for them.
vPNk djks vPNk ikvksaA dj Hkyk] gks HkykA
Incorrect : He who would sow well, must rip well.
Correct : He who would sow well, must reap well.
96. It takes all sorts to make the world - In this world there are people of all kinds and types.
rqylh ,fg lalkj esa] Hkkafr&Hkkafr ds yksxA
Incorrect : It takes all sorts to build the world.
Correct : It takes all sorts to make the world.
97. No one knows the weight of another's burden - One who is not involved would not grasp the other's
problems.
tkds ikao u iQVh fcokbZ lks dk tkus ihj ijkbZA
Incorrect : No one knows the wait of another's burden.
Correct : No one knows the weight of another's burden.
98. One flower makes no garland - No situation in life can be dealt with only idea, a holistic picture is
necessary.
,d iwQy ls ekyk ugha curhA
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Incorrect : One flower builds no garland.
Correct : One flower makes no garland.
99. Self-praise is no recommendation - Praising oneself does not prove one's worth.
vius eqag fe;ka feV~Bw cuus ls dke ugha pyrkA
Incorrect : Self-praise is no praise.
Correct : Self-praise is no recommendation.
100. Where there is a will, there is a way - Whatever the difficulty, if there is the wish to override it, it can be
done.
tgka pkg] ogka jkgA
Incorrect : Where there is a determination, there is a way.
Correct : Where there is a will, there is a way.
101. Let bygones be bygones - It is better to carry on forgetting the past.
Ckhrh lks chrh] chrh rkfg folkj ns] vkxs dh lqf/ ysxkA
Incorrect : Let by gones go bygones.
Correct : Let by gones be bygones.
102. Hard work always pays - One always gets the result of hard work.
ifjJe gh lcls cM+k /u gSA
Incorrect : Hard work ever pays.
Correct : Hard work always pays.
103. Idleness is the root cause of all ills - Idle mind is the devil's workshop.
lqLrh lHkh jksxksa dh tM+ gSA
Incorrect : Idleness is the root cause of all evils.
Correct : Idleness is the root cause of all ills.
104. All roads lead to Rome - One can attain a particular goal by adopting all possible ways and means.
jkLrs vyx&vyx] ij eafty ,d
Incorrect : All roads go to Rome.
Correct : All roads lead to Rome.
105. Vows made in storm, are forgotten in calm - Resolutions taken during adverse times are forgotten the
moment times change for the better.
nq%[k esa lqfeju lc djS] lq[k esa djS u dks;A
Incorrect : Vows created in storm are forgotten in calm.
Correct : Vows made in storm are forgotten in calm.
106. Respect yourself and you will be respected - To gain respect from others we must first respect and
value ourselves.
viuh bTtr vius gkFkA
Incorrect : Respect yourself and you will get respected.
Correct : Respect yourself and you will be respected.
107. Living from hand to mouth-Living in absolute poverty.
jkst dqavk [kksnuk jkst ikuh ihukA
Incorrect : Living by hand to mouth.
Correct : Living from hand to mouth.
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108. Handsome is, that handsome does - A person in judged good, by his good actions.
lqUnj og tks lqUnj dke djsA
Incorrect : Handsome is, that handsome works.
Correct : Handsome is, that handsome does.
109. A divided house cannot stand - Without unity there are liable to be quarrels.
ftl ?kj esa iwQV gks] og [kM+k ugha jg ldrkA
Incorrect : A divided home cannot stand.
Correct : A divided house cannot stand.
110. Between two stools we come to the ground - To reach higher goals we have to undergo severe struggles.
nqfo/k esa nksuksa x,] ek;k feyh u jkeA
Incorrect : Between two stoles we come to the ground.
Correct : Between two stools we come to the ground.
111. Do good and cast it into the river - One should not expect the results of goodness done, is should be done
for itself.
usdh dj nfj;k esa MkyA
Incorrect : Do good and cast it to the river.
Correct : Do good and cast it into the river.
112. Courtesy costs nothing - To extend civility does not take any extra effort.
'kjkiQr esa dqN [kpZ ugha gksrkA
Incorrect : Courtesy casts nothing.
Correct : Courtesy costs nothing.
113. Every ass loves his bray - Each of us is appreciative of his/her actions irrespective of the fact that it may
not be so good.
gj x/s dks viuh vkokt lqjhyh yxrh gSA
Incorrect : Every donkey loves his bray.
Correct : Every ass loves his bray.
114. Good marksman may miss - Everyone however expert may make mistakes.
?kksM+s dk lokj Hkh fxjrk gSA
Incorrect : Good marksman may lose.
Correct : Good marksman may miss.
115. His wits are gone a wool gathering - When one acts without a semblance of thought or rationality.
mldh vDy pjus xbZ gSA
Incorrect : His wits are on a wool gathering.
Correct : His wits are gone a wool gathering.
116. It is hard to live in Rome and fight the Pope - One cannot always fight with the people and circum-
stances one lives with.
ty esa jgdj exj ls cSj djuk mfpr ughaA
Incorrect : It is hard to live in Rome and quarrel the Pope.
Correct : It is hard to live in Rome and fight the Pope.
117. Measure for measure - Blow for blow.
gR;k ds cnys iQkalh@tSls dks rSlkA
Incorrect : Measure by measure.
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Correct : Measure for measure.
118. Nothing is stable in this world - Every situation is liable to change any moment.
lalkj esa dqN Hkh LFkk;h ughaA
Incorrect : Nothing is stable at this world.
Correct : Nothing is stable in this world.
119. One today is better than two tomorrows - The present however unsatisfactory is better than the dreams
of a beautiful tommorow.
ukS uxn u rsjg m/kjA
Incorrect : One today is better then two tomorrow.
Correct : One today is better than two tomorrow.
120. Prasising you at your face is flattery.
eqag ij dh xbZ iz'kalk [kq'kken gksrh gSA
Incorrect : Praising you in your face is flattery.
Correct : Praising you at your face is flattery.
121. Socitey moulds man - The nature and behaviour and behaviour of a person is dependent upon his sur-
rounding both manimate and animate.
[kjcwtas dks ns[kdj [kjcwtk jax idM+rk gSA
Incorrect : Society creates man.
Correct : Society moulds man.
123. The once lost cannot be regained - What had happened in the past cannot be erased, one can only be in
command of ther present.
x;k oDr fiQj gkFk ugha vkrkA
Incorrect : Time if lost cannot be regained.
Correct : Time once lost cannot be regained.
124. Something is better than nothing - What little you own is better than nothing.
ugha ls dqN Hkyk@ukgha ekek ls dkuk ekek vkPNkA
Incorrect : Something is bitter than nothing.
Correct : Something is better than nothing.
125. The wearer best knows where the shoe pinches - The person who is undergoing a situation best knows
the difficulties involved.
ftldk nq%[k ogha turk gSA@tkds ikao uk iQVh fcokbZ] lks D;k tkus ihj ijkbZA
Incorrect : The bearer best knows where the shoe pinches.
Correct : The wearey best knows where the shoe pinches.
126. Prosperity gains friends, but adversity tries them - When times are good, friends are aplenty. Only
when we face bad times does one get to see the true colours of these people.
[kq'kgkyh fe=k cukrh gS] ijUrq foink mudks ij[krh gSA
Incorrect : Prosperity gains friends, but adversity tests them.
Correct : Prosperity gains friends, but adversity tries them.
127. Many heads, many minds - The More the men, the more the ideas they offer.
ukuk eqfu ukuk efrA
Incorrect : Many heads, many moods.
Correct : Many heads, many minds.
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128. High winds blow on high hills The bigger you are the bigger the difficulties you are likely to face.
cM+kas dh cM+h ckrA
Incorrect : High winds blow on high heels.
Correct : High winds blow on high hills.
129. experience teaches the unskilled - Repeated action is the way to perfection.
dke dk dke fl[kkrk gSA
Incorrect : Experience trains the unskilled.
Correct : Experience teaches the unskilled.
130. Good mind, good find - A man with good intentions views the world in the same manner.
vki Hkyk rks tx HkykA
Incorrect : Good mind, good discovery.
Correct : Good mind, good find.
131. Guilty conscience is always suspicious - One who is in the woring, doubts all around him.
pksj dh nk<+h esa frudkA
Incorrect : Guilty conscience is ever supicious.
Correct : Guilty conscience is always suspicious.
132. Everything looks yellow to the jaundiced eye - A person who is perjudiced and with evil intentions,
thinks the same of all around him.
cqjh utj ls cqjk gh nh[krk gSA
Incorrect : Everything looks yellow with the jaundiced eye.
Correct : Everything looks yellow to the jaundiced eye.
133. He breaks his wife's head and then buys a plaster for it - Hurting intentionally and then providing
solace and balm for the injury.
pwgk ekjdj xkscj lq?a kkukA
Incorrect : He breaks his wife's head and than byus a plaster for it.
Correct : He breaks his wife's head and then buys a plaster for it.
134. Out of the frying pan into the fire - From one bad situation to another.
vkleku ls Vidk, [ktwj esa vVdkA
Incorrect : Out of the frying pan for the fire.
Correct : Out of the frying pan into the fire.
135. Man is a slave to his stomach - All efforts are done merely to satisfy the hunger of our stomach.
vkneh isV dk nkl gSA
Incorrect : Man is a slave for his strmach.
Correct : Man is a slave to his stomach.
136. He who would catch the fish must not mind getting wet - A person who aims high must not be bothered
by its associated problems.
ukpus mBs rks ?kw?a kV dSlk
Incorrect : He who would hold the fish must not mind getting wet.
Correct : He who would catch the fish must not mind getting wet.
137. He that is warm thinks all are so - A person who is good and happy thinks the same of everyone around
him.
vki lq[kh rks tx lq[khA
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Incorrect : He that is worm thinks all are so.
Correct : He that is warm thinks all are so.
138. Fortune favours the brave - A person who makes the efforts is the one liable to get the result.
iq:"k flag ts m|eh] y{eh rkdh psfjA
Incorrect : Fortune supports the brave.
Correct : Fortune favorus the brave.
139. Give loan, enemy own - Extending credit is the surest way to make enemies.
m/kj nhts] nq'eu dhtsA
Incorrect : Give credit, enemy own.
Correct : Give loan, enemy own.
140. Coming events cast their shadows before - One is often forwarned before a happening.
gksugkj fcjoku ds gksr phdus ikrA
Incorrect : Coming events cost their shadows before.
Correct : Coming events cast their shadows before.
141. As the king, so are the subjects - The nature of the leader is reflected in his followers.
tSls jktk oSls iztk
Incorrect : As the king, such are the subjects.
Correct : As the king, so are the subjects.
142. A thing is valued where it belongs - The value of everything if judged according to its appropriatnss.
taxy esa eksrh dh dnz ugha gksrhA
Incorrect : A thig is valued where it stays.
Correct : A thing is valued where it belongs.
143. Cattle do not die from crow's cursing - Good cannot be harmed by mere evil wishes.
fcYyh ds ljkis Nhdk ugha VwVrk
Incorrect : Cattle do not die at crow's cursing.
Correct : Cattle do not die from crow's cursing.
144. Deep rivers move with silent majesty, shallow brooks are noisy - A person with conviction moves
ahead with confidence, it's the one who is in self-dout that acts otherwise attracting a lot of attention.
tSls ek;k oSls x;kA
Incorrect : Deep rivers move in silent majesty, shallow brooks are noisy.
Correct : Deep rivers move with silent majesty, shallow brooks are noisy.
145. Fool to others, to himself a sage - One who has a very high opinion of himself is pite of the poor thought
of others.
vius eqag fe;ka feV~BwA
Incorrect : Foll to others, to himself a saint.
Correct : Fool to others, to himself a sage.
146. One lie leads to another - When we try to' justify one' s lies, we merely end up with more lies in order to
cover up the first one.
>wB dk vUr ugha
Incorrect : One lie takes to another.
Correct : One lie leads to another.
147. The more haste, the worse speed - When we hurry, we end up making more mistakes that slow us
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down.
vkxs nkSM+] ihNs NksM+A
Incorrect : The more haste, the slower speed.
Correct : The more haste, the worse speed.
148. Truth lies at the bottom of the well - The quest for truth is ardous, as it lies surrounded by many lies.
eksrh xgjs ikuh esa gksrk gSA
Incorrect : Truth lies at the end of the well.
Correct : Truth lies at the bottom of the well.
149. To count one's chickens before they are hatached - To rejoice about the results before the conlusion
have been reached.
?kj ?kksM+k udkl eksyA
Incorrect : To count one's chickens before they are born.
Correct : To count one's chickens before they are hatched.
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