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Access as a Candidate for 5G
Dr. Essam Sourour
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
Faculty of Engineering, Wadi Aldawaser
1/22
Presentation Layout
• The demand on cellular service and 5G response to it
• NOMA and how it works
• Advantages of NOMA
• Conclusions
2/22
Cellular Mobile Communications
3/22
Demand on Cellular Mobile
Communications
• Demand on cellular mobile communications is increasing
• 1G, 2G and 3G systems provided voice services
2G deployed in 1990
3G deployed in 2000
4G deployed in 2010
• The 3.5G (HSPA) and the 4G (LTE) focused on data services
• 4G LTE provided data rate up to 1 Gbps
• Still a dramatic increase in mobile users and wireless devices is
anticipated
4/22
Demand for 5G, Vision 2020
• Powerful smartphones, tablet PCs and laptops are popular
• Demanding real time video and multimedia capabilities
• Number of wireless connected devices increasing
• 5G systems are expected to exceed 4G:
1000 times increase in capacity (connected devices/cell)
10 times increase in data rate ( 10 Gbps)
10 times spectral efficiency (data rate per Hz)
25 times cell throughput ( data rate per cell)
• Several candidate technologies are under research
5/22
What Does 5G Look Like?
• Reliable connection, anytime, anywhere
Machine to machine
Device to device
Internet of things
Internet of vehicles
HD real time video
Mobile gaming
High energy efficiency
Green systems
Lower latency
Higher reliability
Wi‐Fi integration
6/22
How Can 5G Do That?
• Dense microcells
• Relay stations
• Massive number of antennas per base station and devices
• Beamforming antenna patterns
• Using millimeter waves (frequencies bands above 10 GHz)
• Cognitive radio
• Spatial modulation
• Non‐Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
7/22
Orthogonal vs. Non Orthogonal Multiple
Access (OMA vs. NOMA)
• 2G, 3G and 4G are mainly OMA systems
• Users are allocated orthogonal resources
Separate time slots, and
Separate frequency allocation
• OMA avoids inter‐user interference
• Fast growth in mobile devices vs. limited available spectrum
• NOMA: new signal design, users share time & frequency
8/22
Motivations of NOMA
• Serve more than one user on the same time and frequency
resource
• Higher spectral efficiency (more data rate per Hz)
• Benefit from the geographical distribution of users
• Better serve cell edge users (users far from the base station)
• Some applications need low data rate. A waste of resources to
allocate dedicated time and frequency
Sensor readings
Inter‐vehicle communications
Machine to machine communications
9/22
How NOMA works (1) ?
• Consider two users example
• The base station selects two appropriate users to pair
Near‐user (strong channel gain)
Far‐user (weak channel gain)
• Served on same time and frequency
• Tx Power is split between them
High power share to Far‐user
Low power share to Near‐user
• Typically interference should happen !!
10/22
NOMA Superimposed Signal, QPSK
example
Conventional QPSK NOMA QPSK
11/22
How NOMA works (2) ?
• Far‐user signal has small interference from the Near‐user signal
Far‐user decodes its signal normally
Suffers from slight extra interference
• Near‐user signal has large interference from Far‐user
Near‐user decodes Far‐user signal first
Subtracts this interference from the composite NOMA signal
Hence, Far‐user interference is cancelled
Near‐user decodes its data from the cleaned signal
• Note that Far‐user is unable to cancel Near‐user interference
because it is too weak to be decoded
12/22
Far‐User and Near‐User Processing
Far‐User Processing
Near‐User Processing
13/22
Is NOMA Beneficial?
• Performance is measured by the Shannon channel capacity
14/22
Capacity Comparison
• In OMA each user takes half the bandwidth, but no interference
• OMA: and
• NOMA Near‐user can cancel Far‐user signal:
• NOMA Far‐user can't cancel Near‐user signal:
15/22
Capacity Comparison
W Pnear W Pfar
C OMA log 2 1 + log 2 1 bits/s
2 noise 2 noise
Pnear Pfar
C NOMA W log 2 1 +W log 2 1 bits/s
noise Pnear noise
In OMA all users below 4 Mbps
In NOMA some users reach 8 Mbps
19/22
National Instrument Grant to PSAU
• A grant of wireless equipment was received from National
Instrument last year for project:
Enhancing Non‐Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Using
Interference Alignment
• Research team: Essam Sourour and Mohammed Al‐Ansi
• Goal is to implement NOMA on USRP (wireless modems) using
LabVIEW)
• Grant:
$50 k for 2 USRP, USRP Controller, master clock, and LabVIEW
Training and support
The college offered lab room, PC, desk, chairs, tables, power cables, etc. 20/22
National Instrument Grant
21/22
Conclusions
• NOMA is based on sharing resources between users
• Sharing allows higher sum of data rate
• Can help increase number of users and higher data rate
• Adopted as a candidate for 5G
• Considerable research is going on to put it into practice
22/22