Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T.

Jarullah

Conversion between Distillation Curves

A) API Method
1- TBP vs ASTM

TBP  a ( ASTM )b

(T should be in R for ASTM or TBP)

2- ASTM vs EFV

EFV  a (ASTM)b ( sp.gr ) c

(T should be in R for ASTM or TBP)

B) Daubert Method.
More recently, Daubert (1994) published a new method for distillation curves interconversion
using the following equations:
Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

The symbols stands for ASTM D86 and TBP temperatures, respectively, both in
F. The subscripts 0 and f stand for the initial and final temperatures, respectively. Ai and Bi
are constants given in Table below.

Thermal Properties

1) Specific Heat (cp): The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise
the temperature by one degree Celsius. It depends on the temp., where it increases with
increasing in temp. and decreasing in density. The following eq. can be used to estimate cp

 0.415 
c Lp  4.1868   0.0009 T  288.15
  15.6 
 L 
Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

cp in J/g.K , T in K, and  15
L
.6
is the density of oil at 15.6 0C, g/cm3.

Also Fig. 13 is used to find cp. For hydrocarbons gasses, Fig.14 is used for this purpose.

Fig. 13. Specific heat of Mid liquids oils with a correction factor for other bases of oils

Ex: How much heat is required to heat 100 bbl of crude oil (API = 40) from 100 to 200 F.

Sol: Note: Appendix A is used to convert vol. to weight of Oil materials.

From Appendix A, at API 40, lb/bbl = 288.54
From Fig. 13, cp at 100F = 0.465 Btu/lb.F and at 200F = 0.54 Btu/lb.F
Average cp = (0.465+0.54)/2 = 0.52 Btu/lb.F
m = 288.54 lb/bbl * 100 bbl = 28200.54 lb
Q = 0.52 * 28200.54 * (200 – 100) = 1466428.08 Btu
Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Fig. 14. Specific heat of Mid oil vapors with a correction factor for other bases of oils

2) Heat of Combustion: The amount of heat released per unit mass or unit volume of a
substance when the substance is completely burned under standard conditions.
For crude oil or oil fractions, the heat of combustion increases with increasing in temp., API
and hydrogen content, and decreases with increasing in sulfur, ash and water content.

Heat of combustion  43434  93.2(API - 10), kJ/kg

Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Figure 15. Gross heats of combustion of liquids petroleum hydrocarbons