Casting Ingot Casting1,2,5 Sheet Forging2,5 Sheet

Lost Wax Casting2,5

Wire Foil Making1,5 Gold Leaf5,9
Au Openwork5 Etching1

Wire Beading2,5 Hammered Wire2 Drawn Wire5

Casting2,5
Foil Gilding8 Leaf Gilding9
Engraving2,5 Repoussé2,5
Bell Founding5 Draw Swaging2

Wire Weaving2,5

Strip-Twisted
Strip Making2
Wire2
Die Sinking1 Inlaying2,5 Chasing2,5
2
Open Mold
Chain-making2
Strip-Drawn Wire6

Pressblech2,5 Coining1 Spinning*

2 1,2 Block-Twisted 5
Chip-carving Filigree Tube
Wire2

Fusing Temperature Spun Gold3 Au Textiles*

Soldering2,5,9 Pb Sn

'Cold' Working 'Annealing' Temp. 'Melting' Temp. Cloisonné2 Enamelling1,2,5,9 Champlevé2

Riveting2,5 Welding*
Processes, some from ~100C to from ~800C
may use hot water, ~800C. Includes upwards, includes
but no temp. soft soldering and eutectic soldering

Brazing1,2,5,9
beyond 100C oxidation and brazing Gem Setting1,5 Lapidary1,2,5 Bead Making4
Miscellany

Granulation1,2 Eutectic Soldering1,2,5 Cu

Tools & Materials

Finishing Vessels Levers Impact Block2 Die1,2,5 Mandrel2,5 Pitch Bowl2,5 Rolling Swage5

Metallurgy Brass Brush1,2,5 Crucible2,5 Shears2 Anvil2,5

This refers to an
additional anvil-type
Cut or punched pattern
for Pressblech and
Rod or bar, used as an
anvil for shaping
Petroleum or pine
pitch, used for
Another tool
beading wire, it is
for

object, used when the stamping. May have sheet, or as a form for securing sheets for curved and has a
work must be pressed one or two parts making chain links. Repoussé; pitch can handle at each end
Brass-bristled brush, Ceramic or metal Cutting tool, best used Supporting device, any
Granule between two anvils. Various shapes are also be poured into the
Production2 used for cleaning vessel used for melting for sheet metal (side shape, any size.
Material requirements possible, including vessel to be worked.
metals, and for giving metals or heating cutters are better for Usually made from
Fe are the same as for Hammer2,5 round, oval and Fats, oils and mineral
Steel* a matte finish. They chemicals. Shape wire). Either made ferrous metal, other
anvils. square. powders often added. Sandbag*
were also used to varies depending on from two pieces materials are possible
Parting1 Au Ag prepare the surface of function; a small neck riveted together, or depending on the Tool with a small, hard
gilding before a or a lid will reduce from a single piece work, but the anvil head, used for shaping Leather pad filled with
Cu Zn metal by deforming
Brass 5,9
burnisher was used. absorption of oxygen. bent in half and must always be harder Chisel 1,2,5
sand, used for raising
Tongs are needed to hammered flat to act than the objects cross section, and for Organarium5 Punch1,2,5 sheet metal with a
handle crucibles, due as a spring. placed upon it. This striking punches...etc. mallet
Acid Testing* Used for cutting
2,5 to extreme heat and category includes openwork patterns in A type of swage, used Used with a hammer, a
Cu Sn Burnisher potential fragility. large, static to bead wire. The wire punch applies a
Bronze5 metal, and for cutting
Cuppels are a sub- blacksmiths anvils and bar and sheet. In the Mallet2,5 is placed between the symbol or pattern.
Smooth, hard tool Tongs 2,5 Swage2
Au type smaller stakes. Also modern era, these blocks, and the top is Smooth punches are
Touch Testing7
used for compacting includes portable Tool with a large, soft struck with a mallet or used for chasing and
have largely been Shaped anvil with
Ag Au the surface of metal Various types, used for plates or blocks on head, used for shaping hammer. These repoussé. Similar
Electrum* replaced by the different depressions
and making it holding work while which objects can be metal without objects represent a processes to die
piercing saw. Some and grooves, used for
reflective. The tool Mold2,5 hammering, or for hammered. Surfaces deforming the cross- high level of technical sinking are used to cut
Ag Au decorative work may applying shapes and
must be highly lifting hot crucibles. should be kept in good section. Wood, horn or ability during the punches with patterns,
have used chisels, as patterns to sheet/wire.
Sn Pb polished, and Molten metal is poured Pliers are a sub-type condition. hide were used. medieval period. ie. engraving.
Cupellation2,5 Pewter* done in the Far East.
Pb Cu materials include iron, into moulds to give the of tongs, made in a
haematite or agate. metal a predefined wide range of different
shape. Molds can be shapes, depending on
Amalgamation1,5,9 Hg open, eg. A two-part their function.
mold, or closed, like a
Alloying2,5,9 File2,5 lost-wax mold. Various
materials can be used, Tweezers2,5
General Clay5 Dividers2,5 Hacksaw2 Pump Drill* Soft Brush1,5
Metal bar with regular including stone, metal,
teeth, used for grinding Refractory material, Used for marking and For cutting bars of Hand-powered drill Used for painting and
sand and plaster. Ingot used for molds, metal. Of limited use with a flywheel. This applying glues and
materials into shape, Tool for fine Acid5 measuring. Can be
moulds are also used, crucibles and hearth for cutting sheet and has several gold leaf. Usually plant
or smoothing rough manipulation, these used with a straight-
generally resulting in a linings. When fired and fine wire. The more advantages over the fibre or hair
edges are sprung for easy edge for geometric
bar or disc that can be Various acids and useful piercing saw is
picking and releasing ground, also used as construction bow drill. References
forged into another other corrosive a post-medieval tool.
of objects. While large an abrasive. to these tools are rare.
shape. chemicals. Strong
Niello1,2,5,9 Ag S Pb Fire Gilding1,2,5,9 Au Hg tweezers exist, work Touchstone2
Graver2,5 acids were probably
like filigree requires
uncommon in the early
very small, precise tips Charcoal5 Drawplate2,5 Lathe2,5 Abrasive stone, used
Handheld cutting tool, medieval period. Weak
Pestle & Mortar* for manipulation of Scales 2
for assessing gold
used for scraping or acids like citric acid
delicate wires and Rotary mechanism content by comparing
Ag Hg removing material. and vinegar will Used as a fine Used for drawing wire,
Vessel used for similar objects. Used for dividing
Version 4.1
10
Vernis Brun* Silvering
Must be very sharp. remove oxides slowly; abrasive and as a usually into a round powered by hand, or it to a sample of a
The names Burin and grinding and mixing abrasion was probably chemical in its own cross-section. Usually by foot pedal, usually materials and known fineness –
Scorper are also used. materials, including a more common right. It is also the made of metal, but horizontal, but measuring weights. several samples of
They must be amalgams of gold and method for removing most common fuel for wood and stone are sometimes vertical, eg. Usually a bar with a different alloys are
mercury. Both pestle Vice/Clamp2 fulcrum in the centre.
for grinding almalgam. needed for this.
Scratch Brushing1,5 Tinning5 Sn precisely ground and
polished. and mortar are usually
Various types, used for
oxides. early metallurgy also used.
Read the Primitive
made of the same
substance, so that one gripping small objects Method Blog at:
while pressure is
Scribe*
does not damage the
other. Ceramic and applied, eg. during primitivemethod.org
Au Pb Ag Sn
Burnishing5 Surface Enrichment5 stone are commonly
used substances, as
engraving. Unlike
modern vices, wedges Elements Gold1,2,5 Lead1,2,5 Silver1,2,5 Tin5 Follow the Primitive
Sharp pointed tool
used for marking and are bronze and iron, would generally be
used to fasten the
Method on Twitter:
each with their own
drawing directly onto
metal. properties. clamp. Cu
Copper1,2,5
Fe
Iron5
Hg
Mercury5
S
Sulphur5
Zn Zinc* @primitivemethod
Finishing Polishing2,5

© Jamie Hall 2011