Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
AT HOTEL CATHAY
12TH – 15TH JULY 2010
LIST OF ACRONYMS
PC Provincial Commissioner
Table of Contents
1.0: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………4
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report intends to give a general outline of both events and proceedings of the Kuresoi
consultative meeting held at Hotel Cathay-Nakuru on 13th and 14th July 2010
In all cases of Post Election Violence, the Central Rift Valley province has always been the
epicenter of inter-ethnic conflicts. Out of the 1,133 deaths reported according to the Waki
Report on the 2008 Post Election Violence (PEV), 744 cases were in Rift Valley alone. The
districts of Uasin Gishu (230 deaths), Larger Nakuru (213) and Trans Nzoia (104), Molo
(94), and Kuresoi (105) registered the highest deaths in the country, all in Rift Valley. The
Larger Nakuru district has experienced the violence each general elections with Molo,
Kuresoi and Naivasha districts experiencing the violence even in a relatively calm general
election like the 2002.
As the country moves towards the National Referendum on the new Proposed Draft
Constitution, tensions are high in most parts of Central Rift Valley Province, in Nakuru,
Rongai, Molo, Kuresoi, Njoro, Kipkelion districts. These tensions are emerging from the
mis-interpretations by the political leaders on issues among them Land, which has been as
the centre stage in the previous post election violence among communities living in the Rift
Valley Province it is in line with this that the forum was organized and facilitated by the
Provincial Peace Forum, PPF with support from USAID/DAI through KTI (Kenya transition
initiative).
The meeting which was mainly consultative attracted well over 60 participants all drawn
from diverse ethnic communities and of different gender age and opinion but united in
purpose; to promote a violence free referendum in Kuresoi and Molo districts .Also present
were group representatives of the youth women, clergy elders, politicians. Civic leaders,
public administration and the donor agency representatives.
I. To analyze and gain a common understanding of the issues history and context: The
forum intended to find out what reasons for conflict is identity conflict prone areas,
the pattern of the conflict been going on as well as describing the current situation
for development of the effective conflict management strategies and action plan.
II. To discuss ways of addressing the conflict and work towards a lasting peace and
stability through finding /proposing a sound and applicable efficient approach
strategies to peace building, conflict prevention and resolution .the forum intended
to carry a comparative analysis of the previous strategies employed in the
management of this conflict by discussing success stories and challenges that have
hindered the conflict management strategies employed in the past .the forum also
sought to know what is to be done where and how so as to promote peace co-
existence conflict/violence mitigation.
III. To purpose a frame work for coordination and an early warning system to address
potential violence especially those that as related to the oncoming referendum
exercise.
The meeting started by a word of prayer from Pastor Lucy Njoroge.The facilitator
welcomed the participants and asked them to be free in the mode of communication. He
also emphasized the need of establishing roles of engagement that would facilitate smooth
running of the meeting. The participants proposed among others time management, active
participation,participants to freely and openly tell it all. Switching off (silent mode) mobile
phones. Then stressed the need for participant to be objective in their discussion and to
respect the views and opinions of the others that may seem conflicting to them by adopting
a spirit of tolerance and avoid being judgmental. He then welcomed Mr. Kubasu,
Provincial Peace Secretariat from PPF.
Mr.Kubasu, Provincial Peace Forum, Secretariat, outlining the objective of the forum and the way
forward.
He started by thanking all the participants for honoring the invitation to work with PPF and
described this as a consultative meeting that seeks and come up with ways and means of
preventing the referendum and environment conflicts experienced in Kuresoi Molo through
conflict mapping analysis and facilitate a feasible conflict management strategy. He
encouraged the participants to work closely as partners with the government and take
active role in conflict prevention through reporting early warning signs to the provincial
administration officers and to be involved in lobbing for the realization of the reform
Agenda and for realization of the peaceful voting during the coming referendum on the
proposed constitution draft.
Mr. Kubasu took the opportunity to thank the participants for their efforts towards
realization of peace in Kuresoi and reminded them that the government has recognized
their contribution and is willing to join hands with them to ensure a peaceful referendum
period through the caravan. Lastly he thanked USAID/DAI for their contribution and
support in facilitating the meeting and other successful peace initiatives in the North Rift
region.
In his remark, the youth representatives Mr. Luke thanked the organizations (PPF and DAI)
of the workshop for ensuring that the youth have been mainstreamed in this peace building
process. Mr. Luke retaliated that although there has been many peace initiatives in
Kuresoi/Molo in the past, the youth who have been affected most have been sidelined.
Mr. Luke identified unjust structures resources different opinion objectives and cultural
diversity as the main causes of the conflict in Kuresoi. He also blamed women and elders
for taking active role in escalation of conflicts by spreading rumors and marginalizing youth
efforts respectively.
It described success stories associated with youth group activities such as sports and culture
for peace environmental conservation and cultural exchange programmes according to him
although the youth in this region have good intentions they are faced with resource
challenges.
Mr. Luke’s presentation was followed by women leaders’ remarks. The women as
represented by Pastor Lucy Asked the government to implement peace initiatives that will
address conflicts during its early stages since they are the most affected party when
conflicts escalade to violence. She stressed the need to address land issues IDPS and Mau
evictees, she also recommended extensive civic education so as to reduce the role of
politicians in interpreting the draft constriction, and in her conclusion she thanked the
government and organizers for facilitating the meeting at the right time.
He told the participants that they should ensure that Kuresoi will not experience conflicts
again and asked the organizers if they can facilitate a peace meeting for Molo, Nakuru, and
Naivasha. He finally thanked PPF and USAID/DAI offices for their effort to address the
issues and asked the participants to note the need to preserve Mau forest since it is a water
catchments area.
“They are not reflected in the budget yet they are still hungry and suffering especially
during rainy seasons”
She therefore asked the government to speed up and act on the plight of this forgotten lot
of Kenyans.
Councilor Matukel appreciated the efforts of the P C’s office and asked the government to
send people to collect and record information from the ground so as to come up with the
real issues affecting the Ogiek people and their opinion regarding the conflict. In his
closing remarks he asked the participants to promote civic education and be weary in
approaching the Mau issues since it is different and complex.
In his presentation, Mr. Kona narrated success stories in peace initiatives under taken by
PPF in partnership with USAID through KTI program. He also talked about the need to
understand that as Kenyans we are inter-connected and as such stand together as a country.
He said his office is recording positive feedback and asked the participants to come
forward and ensure Kuresoi, Molo and its
environment is safe. He also stressed the need
for commitment in realizing sustainable peace
and development.
3.1 Introduction
The participants were asked to discuss the causes, pattern, actors, when it started and the
current situation. This was meant to analyze and gain a common understanding of the
issues leading to conflict.
The participants were asked to form four groups’ in terms of their ethnic background. These
groups included:
Ogiek
Luhya
Kikuyu
Kalenjin
3.2.1 Ogiek
According to the Ogiek, land and historical injustices, leadership wrangles, unemployment,
poor infrastructure, political differences and kipsigis trespass on Ogiekland are the main
courses of the Molo/Kuresoi conflict. Although this conflict was first experienced in 1992,
the trend has been recurring after every 5 years –during election periods. The actors have
included the elders, youth and women and the areas mostly affected have included Mawe
Mbili, Kamwaura, Wateri and Ngongongeri where cases of animal and livestock theft have
been reported frequently.
Registration of the real Ogiek and lack of information about the draft and civic education
has led to the current tensions in Kuresoi.
3.2.2 Abaluhya
According to their representative the Luhya feel that the main causes of the conflict, which
started in 1992, have included cultural differences, resources, biased IDP resettlement and
employment opportunities which have always taken the tribal lines. Just like their Ogiek
counterparts the Luhya noted that the main hot spots include Kuresoi, kamwaura and
Keringet Divisions.
The pattern of conflict has been described as starting with secrete meetings ,rumous
,assault cases ,tensions ,robberies and rape followed by creation of no go zones. This can
also be observed through patterns of migration and threats, closure of institutions and
finally attacks and retaliations leading to displacement and fear among the community
members. The actors involved include the police, NGOS and the media. The participants
felt that the high tensions in this area are caused by the Mau Evictees pressure and need to
address their survival and existence needs.
3.3.3 Kikuyu.
This group identified generalization of issues, ignorance and the assumptions that all
kikuyu support a particular party, hypocrisy and government laxity to address unequal
distribution of employment as among the reasons that have led to escalation of this
conflict. The actors involved in this conflict were divided into those that are involved
directly and those involved indirectly.
Elders.
Politicians.
Women.
Directly
Youths.
Married Youth.
Militia groups e.g. kalenjin warriors, Mungiki etc.
This group noted that tension is high and speculates that whichever side will win, conflict
is bound to arise. The summary of the group’s discussions and presentation are as tabulated
below:
3.4 What are the causes of the conflict the Kuresoi Conflict?
2.which are the areas prone -Mawe mbili -Olenguruoni -Kuresoi District
to violence -Water -Kamara
-Ngongongori -Total
-Kuresoi -Landi
-Kamwaura -Mau-Samit
-Kuresoi center -Mulima Jogoo
-Kiptororo -Kiptororo
-Kipkerwa
-Kongoi
3.7 Actors involved and for how long has the conflict been existing.
6. What is the Sensitive due to Mau evictees -there is still early -people are feared and
current registration of real have a lot of warnings and threatened not to vote for
situation Ogiek leading to pressure tension the proposed constitution
tension -threats of fear of eviction
-lack of -high tensions between
The reasons for the conflict in Molo and Kuresoi range from land and IDPs issues to
unemployment and unequal distribution of resources among the inhabitants who are
mainly of Kalenjin and Kikuyu origin. The participants observed that the main areas
affected includes the three divisions of Kuresoi,Kamara and Keringet .The pattern of conflict
included formation of groups, rumous and increased tensions that are as a result of hate
speech propagated by politicians and spread of leaflets that bare threats and warnings. This
is sometimes followed by creation of no go zones information that is always spread
through word of mouth.
The conflict has mainly been fueled by the role of the media, the police, NGOs with vested
interests, thieves, elders, youth and women. The police as an institution is blamed for
being biased in their operation which is tribal based while the media is blamed for
wrongfully showing video clips from their archives in their news updates. An example is
given when the media shoed (in 2008) houses that were burned in 1992.
This conflict, according to the participants, has been on and off since 1992 but keeps on
erupting whenever there is any political differences among the local or national leadership.
Mr. Luke, a representative of the Kalenjin community explained that conflict between
kalenjin and Kikuyu started in 1975 when there was a forced eviction in Chepakundi and
Orofa. Currently people who perceived to be likely to vote for the proposed constitution
are threatened a situation which has called for immediate action as non kalenjin are selling
their land. Tension is high and the region is volatile.
4.1 Introduction
This session intended to discuss ways of addressing the conflict and work towards a lasting
peace and stability through critically analyzing the past conflict prevention and
management strategies employed, which ones succeeded, failed and why. The following is
a summary of what the two groups presented.
The session also involved discussions that aimed at coming up with other management
strategies that will ensure sustainable peace is achieved, by addressing what ought to be
done, by who and where.
Kuresoi group members putting their heads together in search of a viable approach to sustainable
peace in Kuresoi
-youths should be
involved in community
development and -networking and collaboration
leadership All stake holders (me The whole of Kuresoi -volunteering and community
-training people in you and others) District mobilization
conflict early warning
-introducing shelter
programmes that is
fairly conducted
-preaching peace in
churches and Barazas
-promoting social
activities at district
levels
-monitoring , evaluation
and reporting should be
encouraged
-conducting
This way, Molo group members discussing what should be done, by whom, where and how.
provincial
administration
officials
-promoting
reconciliation spirit
Having been a region that experiences intermittent conflict in the past 18 years, many
actors including both the government and nongovernmental peace stakeholders have tried
to put up a fight against violence through employing many conflict management strategies
which included the following:
Signing of peace accord.
Games, sports and cultural activities.
Risk takers.
Conflict resolution trainings.
Operation ujirani mwema and Rudi nyumbani.
The media.
The church.
Use of community elders from all tribes
Humanitarian assistance.
Enhancement of security for all tribes.
Resettlement of people in different places
Chiefs Barazas.
In line with this the Kuresoi group suggested that all stakeholders should net work and
mobilize their communities in an effort to address the conflict through involving the youth
community development and leadership, training people in early warning, preaching
peace in churches, stop the use of inflammatory language, hate speeches and words,
Encouragement of civic education and community projects e.g. Kazi kwa Vijana in the
whole of Kuresoi district.
The Molo group in their part, stressed the need to have strategies that are grass roots based
and people driven in all mentioned hot spots such as Sirikwa, strategies which will carry
out civic education, promote cultural appreciation through exchange programs and
promote reconciliation spirit through networking with other stakeholders and local
communities.
In tackling the third objective, the participants identified resources and socio cultural
differences as the most fundamental causes which are always triggered by political
differences and tribalism. They also identified politicians, businessmen, thieves and the
youth as the main actors in their role in using their influence to gain political power,
businessmen’s opportunity to increase the prices and thieves take advantage of lawlessness
to steal and conduct livestock raids.
In order to propose a framework for coordination and early warning system to address
potential violence and prevent referendum-related violence the participants suggested the
following; that both NGOs and community leaders, law enforcement agencies and other
stakeholders to work closely in peace building and mitigation of the Kuresoi Molo conflict
especially during the referendum period. This can be done through, addressing the need to
sensitize the community on the content of the draft constitution, the need for peaceful
election campaign and the need for enforcement of National Cohesion Act by reporting the
offenders. They unanimously agreed that confidence and trust can only be built through
promoting cultural interaction, preaching peaceful coexistence and strengthening of
community policing and peace networks.
They also promised to take active role in prevention of political manipulation and
incitement during referendum and building sustainable peace in their communities by
acting as role models and peace ambassadors, creating awareness on the importance of
peace.
Youth, Kimani – “The meeting was a privilege granted to the people of Molo and Kuresoi
Realized when it comes to issues of peace one need to sacrifice”
“What is it that is very painful and costly that has to be paid by deaths of fellow
Kenyans”Mr.Kimani.
Madam Lucy - Thanked the facilitators encouraged the all participants to promote peaceful
co-existence and encouraged participants to be more involved. She also thanked all
participants and said that she was happy to work with the government through provincial
administration.
Luke, Youth leader - Thanked Kuresoi D.C for his patience and love for peace and
appreciated the role of both PPF and DAI in prevention of conflict in Kuresoi and Molo
Districts.
D.C closing remarks - Asked the participants to dedicate their time and resources so as to
cascade down to the village level what you have learnt
in this meeting in relation to peace building.
Told the participants that the Government is working
together with them.
Government is committed to bringing the conflict to an
end and ensure sustainable peace.
Kuresoi has been one of the best areas in his
administration career. He assured the participants of
closer, working relationship in implementation of
grassroots meetings
Mr.Silas.D.C. Kuresoi
“Peace will not be built by foreigners but us”.
The meeting successfully came to an end with the unanimous agreement that the peace
process be named Kuresoi Molo Peace Caravan.
MOLO
WHEN CONFLICT CAUSES WHO ACTION
ZONES
SALOME
19 TH
JULY Molo Town POLITICS ZACHAYO PETER CONSULTATIVE
NJOROGE MEETINGS
23RD JULY Kiambogo CATTLE RUSTLING LUCY JOSEPH
NJUGUNA
24TH JULY Marioshoni LAND AND JOHNSON C.
POLITICS BONGERI C
26TH JULY Mau Narok LAND PETER KIMANI
KURESOI
WHEN CONFLICT ZONES CAUSES ACTION WHO TARGET
GROUPS