Engineered Composite Solution Packet

Date: November 17, 2017

Standard Used: ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1

Case Number: ORCTC111317a

Description: 9” Pipeline Protection

Distributor/Installer: MAINCCO S.A.

Customer: Antamina



Setting the Standard ....................................................................................................... 2
Custom Designed Solutions ............................................................................................ 2
Engineered Composite Solutions .................................................................................... 2
Product Advantages ....................................................................................................... 3
Scope ............................................................................................................................. 4
Project Design Inputs ...................................................................................................... 4
Design Considerations .................................................................................................... 4
Option 1 – 16 layers of carbon fiber and 8 layers of Unidirectional fiber glass. ................ 5
Non-Leaking Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 6 ..................................................................... 5
Non Leaking Analysis - Gas Research Institute (GRI) Equation ................................................................ 6
Results for wall loss analysis on Non-Leaking pipes ...................................................................................... 7
External load Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 21 ................................................................. 8
Maximum Bending Moment Calculation ............................................................................................................. 9
Maximum moment for a new pipe .......................................................................................................................... 9
Maximum moment for 16 layers of CB fabric ................................................................................................. 10
Maximum moment for 8 layers of Fiber Glass ................................................................................................ 10
Results ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Option 2 – 8 layers of carbon fiber and 8 layers of Unidirectional fiber glass. ............... 11
Non-Leaking Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 6 .................................................................. 11
Non-Leaking Analysis - Gas Research Institute (GRI) Equation ............................................................. 12
Results for wall loss analysis on Non-Leaking pipes ................................................................................... 13
External load Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 21 .............................................................. 14
Maximum Bending Moment Calculation .......................................................................................................... 15
Maximum moment for a new pipe ....................................................................................................................... 15
Maximum moment for 8 layers of CB fabric .................................................................................................... 16
Maximum moment for 8 layers of Fiber Glass ................................................................................................ 16
Results ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Material Recommendation ........................................................................................... 17
Option 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Option 2 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 18
Option 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Option 2 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Final Recommendation ................................................................................................. 18

Setting the Standard

The ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1 is the ASME standard for governing the use of nonmetallic
systems to repair tanks, vessels, piping, etc. Citadel Technologies has been a part of the
ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1 committee since it was originally founded, and actively
participates in advancing the breadth and depth of ASME’s composite repair standard for
tanks and pipelines. Citadel Technologies not only contributes to the development of the
ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, but maintains compliance with the mandatory testing as well. As
PCC-2 becomes increasingly utilized for the composite repair of corroded, eroded, and
damaged systems, Citadel Technologies will continue to lead the composite repair industry.

Custom Designed Solutions

Citadel Technologies employs PE’s, PhD’s, Master’s, and Bachelor’s engineers that are
available around the clock to design each tank and pipe repair with the highest regard for
safety and accuracy. The process begins with the collection of information on a one-page
engineering assessment form. Once this information is submitted to Citadel Technologies’
engineering team, they will use the ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1 and associated repair
standards to design the exact composite repair required for the anomaly in question,
providing the customer with assurance that they have a safe long-term repair installed on
their corroded assets, every time.

Engineered Composite Solutions

Citadel Technologies has created the leading engineered composite solution (ECS) system
used to rehabilitate and restore original operational strength to corroded, eroded, or
otherwise compromised metallic piping. Our ECS is engineered to provide strength that
enables operations to be restored to maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP)
without shutting down.

Independently tested at both the university and national laboratory levels. The first
component is a solid epoxy primer, which ensures complete bonding and load transfer
between the repair and the substrate. The second component and most unique feature of the
system, is its bi-directionally woven carbon-fiber material, which provides reinforcement in
the hoop and axial directions and is the strongest available non- metallic repair on the
market. The third part of the binding force in the system is the polymeric epoxy resin,
which allows for uniform loading thoroughly the entire wrap. For repairs that require
surfaces to be modified (e.g.: heavy pitting or irregular shapes), the high modulus filler can
be applied. These components form an engineered composite system that is stronger than
steel. The bi-directionally woven carbon-fiber material used with the DiamondWrapÒ
HPTM composite system allows for negligible creep, ensuring a longer service life.

Product Advantages

Citadel Technologies´ DiamondWrapÒ HPTM saves time, labor, and equipment costs, while
being a safer alternative to traditional repair methods. Piping can be wrapped and repaired
without welding. DiamondWrapÒ HPTM adheres to existing steel substrate and provides
structural reinforcement, eliminating confined space cutting and grinding activities.
Overhead repairs can be completed using scaffolding and personnel lift systems, dangerous
overhead lifting and positioning of heavy steel plating is eliminated. DiamondWrapÒ HPTM
contains no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and requires no specialized personal
protective equipment.

• Superior alternative to cut out/replacement.

• Not limited by size – can install on all diameters of tanks and vessels.
• Repairs all geometries quickly with ease: straight lengths, welded seams, angles,
valves, fittings, etc.
• Adheres to carbon steel, stainless steel, alloys, PVC, FRP, and more.
• High strength to weight ratio
• Carbon fabric wrap has negligible creep, experiencing less than 1% strain over a
projected 100-year life.
• Long service life – greater than 50 years.
• No VOCs – no respirators or breathing PPE required for installation.
• No welding and no hot works permits required.
• Each anomaly is individually engineered – will have supporting documentation
from start to finish for every step in the process and the analysis behind each repair.
• Supplied as a complete kit, so there is no measuring or pouring in the field, and
therefore a quality installation is assured every time.
• Designs can be performed for hoop, axial, and bending loading.

Scope

Citadel Technologies has been contacted to developed a composite repair solution to
protect a 9” pipeline from impact and bending due to landslides. The section to be
protected is approximately 40 meters long.

Project Design Inputs

The following are the design inputs that assisted with the calculations that were
performed in accordance with ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1.


Pipe Information
Diameter (OD) 9.625 in
Original wall thickness 0.22 in
Grade of steel X65
Content

Design conditions
Design Pressure 3700 psi
Design Temperature 80 °F

Operating conditions
Operating Pressure 3700 psi
Operating Temperature 80 °F

Components
Straight pipe 40 linear meters

Design Considerations
Three different sets of equations are going to be used for the design of this repair based on
pressure containment, soil load, and bending moment. ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1 Equation
6 and GRI which are a hoop stress calculation based on the diameter and pressure of the
pipe and showing how the composite restores pressure containment. Equation 21 is a soil
load calculation that determines the allowable soil load on the pipe. Additionally, a
comparative calculation which gives the additional bending moment added by the repair.
The final product is also improved by the addition of the Impact Protection Mesh.

Option 1 – 16 layers of carbon fiber and 8 layers of Unidirectional

fiber glass.
Non-Leaking Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 6

Through testing and analysis, it has been shown that ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1 Equation 6
provides a more conservative repair thickness compared to Equation 5, and therefore it is
used regardless of whether there is pressure within the pipe during installation or not.

1 𝑃𝐷
𝑡"#$%&" = − 𝑠𝑡1 2015 𝐴𝑆𝑀𝐸 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 2. 𝐸𝑞. 6
𝜖* 𝐸* 2

The assumptions made in deriving Equation 6 are that the substrate material is elastic,
perfectly plastic, i.e., no strain hardening and that no defect assessment is performed other
than use of the minimum remaining wall thickness (of the substrate) to infer the internal
pressure at the point of substrate yield. In the derivation of equation (6), it is assumed that
the underlying substrate does yield and the repair laminate is designed based on the
allowable strain of the composite. Only hoop loading should be considered in determining
the design repair laminate thickness. Table 1 summarizes all repair parameters needed to
calculate the minimum thickness of 0.473” per Equation 6.

Table 1 –Input Data to Calculate Minimum Repair Thickness

Long term strain, 𝜖* 0.005 in/in

Tensile modulus for the composite laminate, E= 5,364,272 psi

Specified minimum yield strength of the steel, S 65,000 psi

Design pressure, P 3700 psi

Diameter of the pipe, OD 9.625 in

Original wall thickness 0.3937 in

Remaining wall thickness, ts 0.07874 in

Wall loss 80 %

𝑡"#$%&" = 0.473 𝑖𝑛
The number of plies for the repair will be calculated by dividing the minimum thickness

5



(Eq.6) over the minimum ply thickness per layer of repair as follows:

𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓
𝒏= 2015 𝐴𝑆𝑀𝐸 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 2. 𝐸𝑞. 23
𝒕𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒆𝒓

Table 2 – Equation 23: Number of plies of the repair.

Repair thickness, 𝑡"#$%&" 0.473 in

Ply thickness of the composite repair material, 𝑡_%Q#" 0.025 in

Number of plies CB fabric, n 22 ply

Total recommended ply count (including GRI) 16 ply

Non-Leaking Analysis - Gas Research Institute (GRI) Equation

Gas Research Institute (GRI) developed the following equation during the initial phase of
composite repair testing to determine the required thickness of repair. This formula is
based on pipe yield pressures and the strength per layer of the composite repairs. In this
equation, the Py value is found by a determination of the pipe’s original yield strength.
When this value is used, the required thickness determined returns the defective pipe to its
original yield pressure.


𝑅O ∗ 𝑃Q ∗ (1 − 𝑥)
𝑡L&M =
𝑆UV

where:

W∗X
𝑃Q = Y
Z[

𝑆UV = 0.77 ∗ 𝑈𝑇𝑆 ∗ 𝑡V

1 − 𝑊_O11
𝑥= c.d

𝑊_O11
1−
𝐿b
1 + 0.4
𝑅O ∗ 𝑡1

Table 3 –Input Data to Calculate Minimum Repair Thickness according to GRI

Ultimate tensile strength of the fabric, 𝑈𝑇𝑆 64,407 psi

Specified minimum yield strength of the steel, S 65,000 psi

Design pressure, P 3700 psi

Radius of the pipe, 𝑅O 4.8125 in

Original wall thickness, 𝑡1 0.3937 in

Wall loss, 𝑊_O11 80 %

Ply thickness of the composite repair material, 𝑡V
0.0225 in
Defect length, L
2 in
Minimum repair thickness, tmin
0.225 in
Number of plies of CB fabric, n
10 ply
Total recommended ply count (including GRI)
16 ply

Results for wall loss analysis on Non-Leaking pipes

The resulting minimum repair thickness is based on the average of the ply count using
ASME and GRI equations. The resulting average is 16 layers of CB fabric installed over a
repair length of 40 meters. This ply count can withstand a pressure of 3700 psi with a wall
loss up to 80%.

7



External load Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 21

For external load analysis for buried pipes, to prevent the collapse of a repaired pipe due to
the weight of the soil, the external soil pressure Pext, soil shall be less than the collapse
resistance of the repair system, Pc
h
2𝐸* 𝑡L&M
𝑃#eX,1O&_ = b
2015 𝐴𝑆𝑀𝐸 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 2. 𝐸𝑞. 21
3(1 − 𝜐 ) 𝐷
b
4 𝐷 𝜋𝐷b 1 𝐷
𝑃* = 𝐷 ℎ+ − + ℎ+ 𝛾1O&_
𝜋𝐷 2 8 3 2

𝑃* ≤ 𝑃#eX,1O&_

Table 1 –Input data to calculate the maximum height (h) of soil that the repair can
withstand without collapsing the pipe.

Repair thickness, 𝑡L&M 0.360 in

Tensile modulus for the composite laminate, E= 5,364,272 psi

Diameter of the pipe, OD 9.625 in

Soil unit weight, 𝛾1O&_ 0.072 lb/in3

Poisson ratio, 𝜐 0.022 in

h = 224 𝑖𝑛 = 5.65 𝑚

The repair can withstand 5.65 meters of soil on the top of the pipe without collapsing it.

8



Maximum Bending Moment Calculation

For a comparison between a new, pristine, steel pipe and the addition of the
composite, the following calculation was performed by analyzing the increase in the
moment of inertia and the extra stiffness of the Carbon Fiber and Fiberglass.

Figure 1: Repair Schematic

Maximum moment for a new pipe

𝑀𝑐
𝜎1X##_ =
𝐼

𝜎1X##_ = 65,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑂𝐷 = 9.625 𝑖𝑛 : External Diameter of the pipe

𝑡1 = 0.3937 𝑖𝑛 : Original wall thickness of the pipe


𝑂𝐷
𝑟b = = 4.8125
2

𝑂𝐷
𝑟w = − 𝑡1 = 4.8125 − 0.3937 = 4.4188
2


𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼M#U $&$# = 𝑟 x = 𝑟b x − 𝑟w x = 4.8125x − 4.4188x = 121.84 𝑖𝑛x
4 4 4


𝜎1X##_ 𝐼 65,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ∗ 121.84 𝑖𝑛x
𝑀M#U $&$# = = = 1,645,681 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑖𝑛
𝑐b 4.8125 𝑖𝑛

9



Maximum moment for 16 layers of CB fabric

𝜎𝐼
𝑀"#$%&"#| *%"}OM =
𝑐h *%"}OM

ƒ„
𝜎*%"}OM = 𝐸% 𝜀 *%"}OM = 3,185,209 psi x 0.01 = 31,852 psi
ƒ„

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼*%"}OM = 𝑟 x = 𝑟h x − 𝑟b x = 5.1725x − 4.8125x = 140.91 𝑖𝑛x
4 4 4


𝜎*%"}OM 𝐼*%"}OM 31,852 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ∗ 140.91 𝑖𝑛x
𝑀"#$%&"#| *%"}OM = = = 867,777 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑖𝑛
𝑐h 5.1725 𝑖𝑛
Maximum moment for 8 layers of Fiber Glass

𝜎𝐼
𝑀"#$%&"#| …† =
𝑐x …†

ƒ„
𝜎…† = 𝐸% 𝜀 …† = 3,289,497 psi x 0.0149 = 49,013 psi
ƒ„

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼…† = 𝑟 x = 𝑟x x − 𝑟h x = 5.3965x − 5.1725x = 103.89 𝑖𝑛x
4 4 4

𝜎…† 𝐼…† 49,292 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ∗ 103.89 𝑖𝑛x
𝑀"#$%&"#| …† = = = 943,644 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑖𝑛
𝑐x 5.3965 𝑖𝑛

Results

The effect of adding 16 layers of Carbon Fiber and 8 layers of unidirectional Fiberglass
is an increase in the maximum allowable bending moment by a full factor of 2.10.

1,645,681 + 867,777 + 943,644
𝑰𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒂𝒙 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎
1,645,681


The combined system will provide a 2.10 increase factor (110%) in maximum
allowable bending moment when applied to a new, undamaged pipe.

10



Option 2 – 8 layers of carbon fiber and 8 layers of Unidirectional

fiber glass.
Non-Leaking Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 6

Through testing and analysis, it has been shown that ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1 Equation 6
provides a more conservative repair thickness compared to Equation 5, and therefore it is
used regardless of whether there is pressure within the pipe during installation or not.

1 𝑃𝐷
𝑡"#$%&" = − 𝑠𝑡1 2015 𝐴𝑆𝑀𝐸 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 2. 𝐸𝑞. 6
𝜖* 𝐸* 2

The assumptions made in deriving Equation 6 are that the substrate material is elastic,
perfectly plastic, i.e., no strain hardening and that no defect assessment is performed other
than use of the minimum remaining wall thickness (of the substrate) to infer the internal
pressure at the point of substrate yield. In the derivation of equation (6), it is assumed that
the underlying substrate does yield and the repair laminate is designed based on the
allowable strain of the composite. Only hoop loading should be considered in determining
the design repair laminate thickness. Table 1 summarizes all repair parameters needed to
calculate the minimum thickness of 0.266” per Equation 6.

Table 1 –Input Data to Calculate Minimum Repair Thickness

Long term strain, 𝜖* 0.005 in/in

Tensile modulus for the composite laminate, E= 5,364,272 psi

Specified minimum yield strength of the steel, S 65,000 psi

Design pressure, P 3700 psi

Diameter of the pipe, OD 9.625 in

Original wall thickness 0.3937 in

Remaining wall thickness, ts 0.16 in

Wall loss 49 %

𝑡"#$%&" = 0.266 𝑖𝑛
The number of plies for the repair will be calculated by dividing the minimum thickness

11



(Eq.6) over the minimum ply thickness per layer of repair as follows:

𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓
𝒏= 2015 𝐴𝑆𝑀𝐸 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 2. 𝐸𝑞. 23
𝒕𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒆𝒓

Table 2 – Equation 23: Number of plies of the repair.

Repair thickness, 𝑡"#$%&" 0.266 in

Ply thickness of the composite repair material, 𝑡_%Q#" 0.025 in

Number of plies CB fabric, n 12 ply

Total recommended ply count (including GRI) 8 ply

Non-Leaking Analysis - Gas Research Institute (GRI) Equation

Gas Research Institute (GRI) developed the following equation during the initial phase of
composite repair testing to determine the required thickness of repair. This formula is
based on pipe yield pressures and the strength per layer of the composite repairs. In this
equation, the Py value is found by a determination of the pipe’s original yield strength.
When this value is used, the required thickness determined returns the defective pipe to its
original yield pressure.


𝑅O ∗ 𝑃Q ∗ (1 − 𝑥)
𝑡L&M =
𝑆UV

where:

W∗X
𝑃Q = Y
Z[

𝑆UV = 0.77 ∗ 𝑈𝑇𝑆 ∗ 𝑡V

1 − 𝑊_O11
𝑥= c.d

𝑊_O11
1−
𝐿b
1 + 0.4
𝑅O ∗ 𝑡1

12



Table 3 –Input Data to Calculate Minimum Repair Thickness according to GRI

Ultimate tensile strength of the fabric, 𝑈𝑇𝑆 64,407 psi

Specified minimum yield strength of the steel, S 65,000 psi

Design pressure, P 3700 psi

Radius of the pipe, 𝑅O 4.8125 in

Original wall thickness, 𝑡1 0.3937 in

Wall loss, 𝑊_O11 49 %

Ply thickness of the composite repair material, 𝑡V
0.0225 in
Defect length, L
2 in
Minimum repair thickness, tmin
0.225 in
Number of plies of CB fabric, n
4 ply
Total recommended ply count (including GRI)
8 ply

Results for wall loss analysis on Non-Leaking pipes

The resulting minimum repair thickness is based on the average of the ply count using
ASME and GRI equations. The resulting average is 8 layers of CB fabric installed over a
repair length of 40 meters. This ply count can withstand a pressure of 3700 psi with a wall
loss up to 49%.

13



External load Analysis – ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1, Equation 21

For external load analysis for buried pipes, to prevent the collapse of a repaired pipe due to
the weight of the soil, the external soil pressure Pext, soil shall be less than the collapse
resistance of the repair system, Pc
h
2𝐸* 𝑡L&M
𝑃#eX,1O&_ = b
2015 𝐴𝑆𝑀𝐸 𝑃𝐶𝐶 − 2. 𝐸𝑞. 21
3(1 − 𝜐 ) 𝐷
b
4 𝐷 𝜋𝐷b 1 𝐷
𝑃* = 𝐷 ℎ+ − + ℎ+ 𝛾1O&_
𝜋𝐷 2 8 3 2

𝑃* ≤ 𝑃#eX,1O&_

Table 1 –Input data to calculate the maximum height (h) of soil that the repair can
withstand without collapsing the pipe.

Repair thickness, 𝑡L&M 0.180 in

Tensile modulus for the composite laminate, E= 5,364,272 psi

Diameter of the pipe, OD 9.625 in

Soil unit weight, 𝛾1O&_ 0.072 lb/in3

Poisson ratio, 𝜐 0.022 in

h = 68 𝑖𝑛 = 1.72 𝑚

The repair can withstand 1.72 meters of soil on the top of the pipe without collapsing it.

14



Maximum Bending Moment Calculation
For a comparison between a new, pristine, steel pipe and the addition of the
composite, the following calculation was performed by analyzing the increase in the
moment of inertia and the extra stiffness of the Carbon Fiber and Fiberglass.

Figure 2: Repair Schematic

Maximum moment for a new pipe

𝑀𝑐
𝜎1X##_ =
𝐼

𝜎1X##_ = 65,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑂𝐷 = 9.625 𝑖𝑛 : External Diameter of the pipe

𝑡1 = 0.3937 𝑖𝑛 : Original wall thickness of the pipe


𝑂𝐷
𝑟b = = 4.8125
2

𝑂𝐷
𝑟w = − 𝑡1 = 4.8125 − 0.3937 = 4.4188
2


𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼M#U $&$# = 𝑟 x = 𝑟b x − 𝑟w x = 4.8125x − 4.4188x = 121.84 𝑖𝑛x
4 4 4


𝜎1X##_ 𝐼 65,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ∗ 121.84 𝑖𝑛x
𝑀M#U $&$# = = = 1,645,681 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑖𝑛
𝑐b 4.8125 𝑖𝑛

15



Maximum moment for 8 layers of CB fabric

𝜎𝐼
𝑀"#$%&"#| *%"}OM =
𝑐h *%"}OM

ƒ„
𝜎*%"}OM = 𝐸% 𝜀 *%"}OM = 3,185,209 psi x 0.01 = 31,852 psi
ƒ„

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼*%"}OM = 𝑟 x = 𝑟h x − 𝑟b x = 4.9925x − 4.8125x = 66.65 𝑖𝑛x
4 4 4


𝜎*%"}OM 𝐼*%"}OM 31,852 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ∗ 66.65 𝑖𝑛x
𝑀"#$%&"#| *%"}OM = = = 425,224 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑖𝑛
𝑐h 4.9925 𝑖𝑛

Maximum moment for 8 layers of Fiber Glass

𝜎𝐼
𝑀"#$%&"#| …† =
𝑐x …†

ƒ„
𝜎…† = 𝐸% 𝜀 …† = 3,289,497 psi x 0.0149 = 49,292 psi
ƒ„

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼…† = 𝑟 x = 𝑟x x − 𝑟h x = 5.2165x − 4.9925x = 93.64 𝑖𝑛x
4 4 4

𝜎…† 𝐼…† 49,292 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ∗ 93.64 𝑖𝑛x
𝑀"#$%&"#| …† = = = 884,838 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑖𝑛
𝑐x 5.2165 𝑖𝑛

Results

The effect of adding 8 layers of Carbon Fiber and 8 layers of unidirectional Fiberglass
is an increase in the maximum allowable bending moment by a full factor of 1.79.

1,645,681 + 425,224 + 884,838
𝑰𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒂𝒙 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟗
1,645,681

The combined system will provide a 1.79 increase factor (79%) in maximum
allowable bending moment when applied to a new, undamaged pipe.

16



Material Recommendation

Option 1

Quantity Recommended Kit Kit Description

9-inch DiamondWrap® HP™ Standard

1 DWHP-0916S-40LM-SB 16-Ply 40 linear m. Spiral Special Build
kit

DP-0908S-40LM-SB 9-inch DiamaPro® Standard 8-Ply 40

1
linear m. Spiral Special Build kit
20 CMF-1-C C-sized Standard CMF putty
IPM-02-40LM-SB Impact Protection Mesh, 2 ply, 40 linear
1
meter special build, includes tape

Option 2

Quantity Recommended Kit Kit Description

9-inch DiamondWrap® HP™ Standard 8-

1 DWHP-0908S-40LM-SB
Ply 40 linear m. Spiral Special Build kit

DP-0908S-40LM-SB 9-inch DiamaPro® Standard 8-Ply 40

1
linear m. Spiral Special Build kit
20 CMF-1-C C-sized Standard CMF putty
IPM-02-40LM-SB Impact Protection Mesh, 2 ply, 40 linear
1
meter special build, includes tape

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Conclusion
Option 1
This DiamondWrap® HPTM engineered composite repair solution was custom designed to
repair 40 meters of 9” diameter pipe. The maximum pressure for this design is 3700 psi,
and the composite repair can hold up to 80% wall loss. Also, this repair can withstand 5.65
meters of soil on top of the pipe and 2.10 times more bending moment than a new pipe.
The impact resistance of this design is improved by the addition of the Impact Protection
mesh.

Option 2
This DiamondWrap® HPTM engineered composite repair solution was custom designed to
repair 40 meters of 9” diameter pipe. The maximum pressure for this design is 3700 psi,
and the composite repair can hold up to 49% wall loss. Also, this repair can withstand 1.72
meters of soil on top of the pipe and 1.78 times more bending moment than a new pipe.
The impact resistance of this design is improved by the addition of the Impact Protection
mesh.

Final Recommendation

Citadel Technologies recommends the 16 ply option of Carbon Fiber with 8 ply additional
Unidirectional Fiberglass and Impact Protection Mesh to provide the most complete
solution offering the highest structural reinforcement. This option will not interfere with the
cathodic protection already in place, it will not damage the pipe during installation, it will
not allow external corrosion to advance in the presence of water, and it will supply the most
strength to the pipe in the event of a landslide.

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