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Vikas Gupta
Junior Resident
Deptt. Of Community Medicine
PGIMS, Rohtak
Next to air, water is a necessity of life. We
cannot live without it for more than a few day,
just as without air we cannot live for more than
a few minutes. Therefore, as in case of air
naturetohas
Next air,provided
water isus awith ample amount
necessity of life.of
We
water. Drinking
cannot water it
live without must
for be pure…..
more than a few
day, just as without air we cannot live
MAHATMA for
GANDHI.
more than a few minutes. Therefore, as in
case of air nature has provided us with
ample amount of water. Drinking water must
be pure…..
MAHATMA GANDHI.
• INTRODUCTION
• PROBLEM STATEMENT: WORLD AND INDIA
• FRAMEWORK FOR SAFE DRINKING WATER
• GUIDELINE VALUES
• PROGRAMMES FOR SAFE WATER
• In 1981, 34th WHA in a resolution emphasized that safe
drinking water is a basic element of “primary health”
care which is a key to the attainment of “health for all”.
Safe water pleasant to taste, odour, colourless, and does not stain
clothes and utensils.
A per capita availability of less than 1700 cubic metres (m3) per year is
termed as a water-stressed condition while per capita availability below
1000 (m3) per year is termed as a water scarcity condition.
Rural Urban
≥40Lpcd, piped supply
source should without
be - 1.6 Km sewerage – 70
and <100 m Lpcd
elevation
difference in piped supply
hilly area with sewerage
– 135Lpcd
1 hand
pump/250
persons+ 30L metropolitan
additional – 150 Lpcd
water in
DDP(desert
developmant
public stand
programme)
post- 40Lpcd
for cattle
3L •Drinking
5L •Cooking
15L •Bathing
Wells 19%
Surface water 3%
In many rural areas, women still have to
walk a distance of about 2.5 kms to reach
the source of water.
Specified
technology
targets
What is Water safety plans?
Prevention of
Reduction or removal
Minimization of contamination during
of contamination
contamination of storage, distribution
through treatment
source waters. and handling of
processes.
drinking-water.
• For eg. engineers, catchment & water managers, water quality specialists,
environmental or public health or hygienist professionals, operational staff and
2. representatives of consumers.
• Turbidity
For source • UV absorbency
• Algal growth
For treatment • pH
• Light absorbency
• Membrane integrity
• Turbidity and Colour
systems monitoring.
• Effective management implies definition of actions to
be taken in response to variations that occur during
normal operational conditions; of actions to be taken
in specific incident situations where a loss of control of
the system may occur; and of procedures to be
followed in unforeseen and emergency situations.
• Investigates the activity and identifies the corrective or preventive measures and
gives feedback to water supplying agency.
Training of
Monitor community
Education of
outbreaks of Sanitary members and Intersectoral
safe water to
water borne inspection. PRI for home coordination.
people
diseases and well
chlorination.
• On-site inspection and evaluation by
qualified individuals of all conditions,
Sanitary devices, and practices in the water supply
system that pose an actual danger to the
inspection health and well being of the consumers.
sampling • Turbidity
• Chlorine (residual)
• pH
and analysis
• For establishing a baseline status in the country,
• If all such laboratories are made fully functional and considering a capacity of
3,000 samples to be tested in a year per laboratory, the number of sources that
could be tested in a year would be 3,000x 1869 = 56 lakh samples i.e. about 50%.
• Under National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), provision for setting
up new sub-district level laboratories has been made to bridge the gap.
<5000 1
3. • Chemical aspects
4. • Radiological aspects
Indian Standard
Drinking Water - Specification
IS 10500 : 2012(Second Rivision)
Colour, Hazen Units
IS 10500-2012 Desirable : 5 Hz. , Permissible : 15 Hz.
Sources Natural
Risks or effects Scale in utensils and hot water system, soap scums
Pipes, landfills
Sources
Hazardous waste landfills
Landfills
Sources
Deposits in rock and soil
Fertilizers
Sources Industrial wastes
Minerals, seawater
Industrial waste
Sources
Geological
Activated Alumina, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis, Ion
Treatment
Exchange
Fluorosis
Arsenic
IS:10500-2012 Desirable: 0.01 mg/l Permissible: 0.05mg/l
Septic systems
Sources Industrial discharge, mining sites
Geological
Fertilizer
Sources Electronics, steel, plastics mining
Digestive Issues
Stunted Growth
Lead
IS 10500-2012 Desirable : 0.01 mg/l, Permissible : 0.01 mg/l
Reduces mental capacity (mental retardation), interference with
Risks or effects kidney and neurological functions, hearing loss, blood
disorders, hypertension, death at high levels
Fungicides
Batteries, fungicides
Sources
Mining, electrical equipment, plant, paper and vinyl chloride
Natural deposits
Dichloromethane 20
Vinyl chloride 55
1.1-dichloroethane 30
1.2-dichloroethane 50
AROMATIC HYDROCARBON
Benzene 10
Toluene 700
Xylenes 500
Ethyl benzene 300
Styrene 20
Benzolalpyrene 0.7
Aldrin 0.03
Chlordane 0.2
DDT 2
2,4-D 30
Heptachlor 0.03
Hexachlorbenzene 1
Lindane 2
Methoxychlor 20
Pentachlorophenol 9
• 1949 The Environment Hygiene Committee (1949) recommends the
provision of safe water supply to cover 90 per cent of India’s population in
a timeframe of 40 years.
• 1987 Drafting of the first National Water Policy by the Ministry of Water
Resources.
• Although this target has not been fully achieved, the expansion of
coverage attained during the 1990s, as reflected in the Census data,
shows the objective of 100 percent safe water access should not be
difficult to achieve in the next five years or so.
• Indeed, the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-08 to 2011- 12) foresees
the provision of safe drinking water to all rural habitations.
Drinking Water Supply Programs &
Policies at a Glance
• 1999 For ensuring sustainability of the systems, steps are initiated
to institutionalize community participation in the implementation
of rural drinking water supply schemes through sector reform.
• The approach paper for the 11th Five Year Plan calls for a
comprehensive approach which encompasses individual health
care, public health, sanitation, clean drinking water, access to food
and knowledge about hygiene and feeding practice.
• The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (until 2011
the Department of Drinking Water Supply in the Ministry of
Rural Development) is responsible for rural water supply
and sanitation.