इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 4041 (2006): Terminoloty for refractories [MTD 15:

Refractories]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 /ndian Standard
TERMINOLOGY FOR REFRACTORIES
(First Revision )

ICS 81.080

Q BIS 2006
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

February 2006
Price Group 7
 I
Refractories Sectional Committee, MTD 15

NATIONAL FCIREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) which is identical with ISO 836:2001 ‘Terminology for refractories’
issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian
Standards on the recommendation of the Refractories Sectional Committee and approval of the
Metallurgical Engineering Division Council.

This Indian Standard was originally published in 1983. This revision of the standard has been taken up
to align it with ISO 836 by adoption, under dual numbering system.

Only the English language text in the International Standard has been retained while adopting it in this
Indian Standard.

The text of the ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard
without deviations. Certain terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used in
Indian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should
be read as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice
is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appears to the following International Standard for which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in its place are
listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of

Equivalence

(1S 460 Specification for test sieves:

(Part 1) :1985 Wire cloth test sieves
ISO 565 : 1990 Test sieves — (third revision) Technically
Metal wire cloth, perforated metal < (Part 2) :1985 Perforated plate test Equivalent
plate and electroformed sheet — sieves (third revision)
Nominal sizes of openings
(Part 3): 1985 Methods of examination
[ of apertures of test sieves (thirdrevision)

The technical committee has reviewed the provisions of the following International Standards referred
in this adopted standard and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this
standard:

International Standard Title

ISO 10081-1 Classification of dense shaped refractory products — Part 1: Alumina silica

ISO 10081-2 Classification of dense shaped refractory products— Part 2: Basic products
containing less than 7 percent residual carbon
 1S4041 :2006
ISO 836:2001

Indian Standard
TERMINOLOGY FOR REFRACTORIES
( Fh-st Revkion )

1 Scope 006

This International Standard describes terms used in

alumino-silicate
raw material composed primarily of alumina and silica
I
International Standards dealing with refractory materi-
als and products and that assist in the understanding
of the terms and the standards themselves. The de- 007
scriptions are those generally understood within the anti-oxidant
refractories industry and should not be taken as ab- metallic element or other substance added to a car-
solute definitions. bon-containing refractory (107) in order to improve its
resistance to oxidation

[ISO 10060:1 993]

2 Terms and definitions

001
008 I
apparent porosity
abrasion
ratio of the total volume of the open pores (092) in a
surface wear of a material caused by the mechanical
porous refractory (107) to its bulk volume (018) ex-
action of moving solids
pressed as a percentage of the bulk volume

002 [EN 993-1:1 995]

acid refractory
refractory (107) containing a substantial amount of
silica which reacts chemically with a basic refractory
009
(009), a basic slag (121), a high alumina refractory
(071 ) or alkali bearing components at high tempera-
basic refractory
refractory (107) which may react chemically at high I
ture
temperature with an acid refractory (002), an acid
slag (121 ), an acid flux or alumina
003
aggregate Typical components are magnesia (080), cal-
NOTE
grain forsterite.
cium oxide, chromite (037), spinel (123),
constituent particle of a refractory (107) composition,
normally coarse in size

004 010
air-setting jointing material binder
air-setting mortar substance added to a non-plastic granular or fibrous
refractory cement material to give workability (139) and green
type OJ jointing material (076) which hardens at am- strength (066) or dry strength (054) to the formed
bient temperature by a chemical bond (036) or a hy- material
draulic bond (073)

[ENV 1402-1:1994] 011

bloating
permanent expansion occurring when some types of
005 clay or refractory (107) are heated
alkali resistance
resistance of a refractory (107) to chemical deterio- NOTE Bloating is usually the result of the formation of
ration following exposure to an alkali environment po~es.

1
 I
IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

012 020
block carbon monoxide disintegration
generally rectangular, refractory (108), usually of a breakdown of a refractory (107)caused by the depo-
larger size than a brick (014) sition of carbon resulting from the dissociation of car-
bon monoxide
013
bond [ISO 12676:–]
connecting link between the constituent particles of a
refractory (107) producing coherency and strength 021
carbon monoxide resistance
resistance of a refractory (107) to carbon monoxide
014
disintegration (020) when exposed to carbon mon-
brick
oxide under specified conditions of atmosphere and
generally rectangular, refractory (108), with one di-
temperature
mension greater than the other two and of a size that
can usually be laid with one hand [ISO 12676:–]

015 022 ‘
-bulk ceramic fibre carbonization
buIk refractory ceramic fibre (USA) process of removing volatile components from a re-
ceramic fibre (026) in the as-produced state, before fractory (107)which has been either bonded or im-
ccmversion to other products pregnated with carbonaceous material such as pitch,
tar or resin, so as to retain the residual carbon
[EN 1094-1 :1997]

016
[ISO 10060:1993]

023
I
bulk density castable ceramic fibre
ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous re- castable refractory ceramic fibre (USA)
fractory (107) to its bulk volume (018) ceramic fibre (026) with inorganic and/or organic
binder (01 O) which maybe cast
[ISO 5016:1997]
[EN 1094-1 :1997]
017
bulk density (of a granular material)
grain bulk density 024
ratio of the mass of a quantity of dry granular material casting
to the total volume of its grains, including the volume installing an unshaped refractory (136)of sufficient
of any closed pores (039) within the grains fluidity to enable it to be poured or pumped

[ISO 8840:1987] NOTE Vibration (137), tamping or rodding may also

be additionally used to shape and compact the material.
018
bulk volume
sum of the volumes of the solid materials, the open
025
pores (092) and the closed pores (039) in a porous
ceramic bond
refractory (1”07)
bcmd (013) produced by sintering (120)or liquid for-
mation at high temperature
[1S0 5016:1997]

026
019
ceramic fibre
calcination
refractory ceramic fibre (USA)
heat treatment of a raw material prior to use in the
man-made mineral fibre suitable for use as heat-
manufacture of a refractory (107) for the purpose of
insulating material, containing less than 2 % in total
producing chemical or physical changes and elimi-
mass of-alkaline oxide and alkaline earth oxides
nating volatile ch~mically combined constituents and
volu~e changes [EN 1094-1 :1997]

2
 IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

027 033
ceramic fibre blanket ceramic fibre rope
.
refractory ceramic fibre blanket (USA) refractory ceramic fibre rope (USA)
flexible, normally needled, ceramic fibrous insulating ceramic fibre (026) which has been formed, with or
material, free of binder (01 O), with nominally deter- without the addition of other filaments, wires or yarns,
mined dimensions into one or several types of rope, i.e. twisted, cabled
or lagging
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
[EN 1094-1:1 997]

028
ceramic fibre board 034
refractory ceramic fibre board (USA) ceramic fibre tape
substantially rigid flat sheet normally containing inor- ceramic fibre textile
ganic and/or organic binder (01 O), ,produced by a wet refractory ceramic fibre tape (USA)
process refractory ceramic fibre textile (USA)
ceramic fibre (026) which has been woven with or
[EN 1094-1 :1997] without the addition of other filaments, wires or yarns

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

035
029 ceramic fibre yarn
ceramic fibre felt refractory ceramic fibre yarn (USA)
refractory ceramic fibre felt (USA) ceramic fibre (026) which has been twisted into a
flexible, fibrous insulating material of nominally deter- continuous thread with or without the addition of rein-
mined dimensions, containing some proportion of in- forcing filaments
organic and/or organic binder (010)
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
036
chemical bond
inorganic or organic-inorganic bond (013) with hard-
ening by a chemical, but not hydraulic, reaction at
ambient or higher temperatures
030
ceramic fibre mat [ENV 1402-1:1 994]
refractory ceramic fibre mat (USA)
flexible, non-needled, ceramic fibrous insulating mate-
rial 037
chromite
[EN 1094-1:1 997] raw material containing a substantial amount of chro-
mium sesquioxide combined with other di- and tri-
valent metal oxides to form a cubic crystalline struc-
ture, and whose chemical composition is suitable for
use in a refractory (107)
031
ceramic fibre module 038
refractory ceramic fibre module (USA) chromite refractory
ceramic fibre (026) product formed into a unit used in chromite magnesia refractory
furnace construction chromite magnesite refractory
refractory (107) composed predominantly of chro-
mite (037) and containing greater than or equal to
032 30 YO by mass of chromium sesquioxide and less than
ceramic fibre paper 30 YO by mass of magnesium oxide
refractory ceramic fibre paper (USA)
flexible, fibrous insulating material, formed on a paper NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data on
making machine chromite refractories.

3
 IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

039 044
closed pores corrosion
. pores that are enclosed within a refractory (107)and surface wear caused by the -chemical action of exter-
are not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test nal agencies
specified in ISO 5017:1998
045
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 5016:1997. crater
clearly defined hole in the surface of a brick (014)
I
NOTE 2 In principle, these pores are those which are not whose parameters, maximum diameter, minimum di-
connected to the atmosphere, either directly or via one an- ameter and depth can be measured
other.
[ISO 12678-2:1 996]
040
closed porosity
ratio of the total volume of the closed pores (039) in 046
a porous refractory (107)to its bulk volume (018), creep .
expressed as a percentage of the bulk volume creep in Compression
isothermal deformation of a stressed refractory (107)
[EN 993-1 :1995] as a function of time

041 [EN 993-9:1 997]

coating
unshaped refractory (136) consisting of a mixture of
fine aggregate (003) and bond (013), supplied for
use with a higher water or other liquid content than a
jointing material (076) cb47
dead-burned
[ENV 1402-1 :1994] heat-treated raw material for a basic refractory (009)
rendering it more stable and less reactive to atmos-
NOTE 1 The principle bond may be ceramic (025), hy- pheric hydration or carbon dioxide
draulic (073), ~hemical (036) or organic (093). The mix-
ture is applied manually (with a brush or trowel), by
pneumatic or mechanical projection, by spraying or dipping.
048
NOTE 2 Other types of coating can be applied to refrac-
deflocculant
tory components by specialized techniques (e.g. flame or
plasma spraying) but these are generally considered as ad-
vanced technical ceramic materials rather than refractories.
deflocculating agent
electrolyte added to a material to produce dispersion
I
of fine particles

042 049
cold compressive strength deflocculated castable
cold crushing strength refractory castable (109) with a hydraulic bond
maximum load (applied under specified conditions at (073), with a minimum of 2 % by weight of ultra-fine
room temperature) divided by the area over which the particles (less than one micron) and at least one de-
load is applied, that a refractory (107) will withstand flocculafing agent (048)
before failure occurs
[ENV 1402-1 :1994]
[ISO 10059-1 :1992]
050
043 dense-shaped refractory prodwct
corner defect dense refractory
missing corner of a brick (014) defined by three di- refractory (107) with specific dimensions, having a
mensional measurements true porosity (133) df less than 45 ‘Y. by volume

[ISO 12678-2:1 996] [EN 993-1 :1995]

 I
IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

051 058
doloma fines
. intimate mixture of calcium and magnesium oxides small-sized fraction of a mixture of particles used in
produced by calcination of the naturally occurring or the manufacture of a refractory (107)
synthetic mixed carbonate or hydroxide

NOTE The term “dolomite” is sometimes used to de- 059

scribe doloma material but is the correct term for naturally fireclay refractory
occurring uncalcined rock. firebrick
refractory (107) composed predominantly of alu-
052 mino-silicate (006) containing greater than or equal
doloma refractory to 30 Y. and less than 45 ‘Yo by mass of aluminium
refractory (107) composed predominantly of doloma oxide
(051)
NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.
NOTE ISO 10881 -2:— contains compositional data on
doloma-containing refractories. 060
firing
053 heat-treatment of a shaped-refractory (107)
dry mix
dry vibratable refractory (U8A) 061
unshaped refractory (136) specially designed to be flint clay
placed in the dry state by-vibration (137) or ramming hard “flint-like naturally occurring kaolinitic material
(104) showing conchoidal fracture which is practically de-
void of natural plasticity
[ENV 1402-1:1 994]
062
NOTE During placing a dry mix reaches maximum forsterite
compaction and it becomes possible to remove the former magnesium orthosilicate, often naturally occurring,
either before or after heating. The material may include a with a chemical composition suitable for use as a re-
temporary bond but it eventually has a ceramic bond (025).
fractory (108) raw material

063
forsterite refractory
054
refractory (107) composed predominantly of for-
dry strength
sterite (062) and containing greater than 40 % by
mechanical strength of a shaped and dried, but un-
mass of magnesium oxide
fired, refractory (107)

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081 -2:—.

055
edge defect
missing edge of a brick (014) or block (012) defined 064
fused grain refractory
by three dimensional measurements
refractory (107) made predominantly from grain that
has solidified from a fused or molten condition
[ISO 12678-2:1996]

065
056
granulometric class
erosion
mesh width of the finest sieve through which 95 % by
surface wear of a refractory (107) caused by the me-
mass of an unshaped refractory (136) material
chanical action of a fluid, whether or not it contains
passes
solid material

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

057
fin
NOTE The sieve referred to is in accordance with
thin layer of material on a face of a brick (014) or
ISO 565:1990.
block (01 2) that projects beyond the edge

[ISO 12678-2:1 996]

 IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

066 072
green strength hydration tendency
. mechanical strength of a shaped, but unfired refrac- tendency of a refractory (108) raw material or produ-
tory (1 07) ct to combine with water when exposed to moist air
or steam under controlled test conditions
067
gunning NOTE Adapted from 6S 1902-.3.141996.
application technique that uses pneumatic or me-
chanical means to project a gunning material (068)
on to a hot or cold surface 073
hydraulic bond
bond (01 3) formed by the chemical reaction of spe-
068 cific solid particles with water to produce setting and
gunning material hardening at ambient temperature
mixture of aggregate (003) and bond (013), espe-
cially prepared for placing by pneumatic or mechani- [ENV 1402-1 :1994]
cal projection
074
[ENV 1402-1:1994] injection mix
unshaped refractory (136) specially designed to be
NOTE Gunning materials may be either injected by a pump using .pressures of between 10 bar
and 20 bar
a) a refractory castable (109) which is supplied dry and
used after the addition of water during or before gun- [ENV 1402-1:1 994]
ning;
NOTE An injection mix may be supplied ready for use,
b) a plastic refractory (098) which is specially designed or may require mixing.
for gunning under high air pressure with special
equipment, and normally delivered in a ready-to-use 075
state. insulating refractory
refractory (107) with a low thermal conductivity
069 (129) and low heat capacity
hairline crack
fine crack visible on the surface of a brick (014) or NOTE Insulating refractory is a general term. Shaped
products are more specifically defined (see 116).
block (01 2) whose length may be measured and
whose width is less than or equal to 0,2 mm

076
[ISO 12678-2:1996]
jointing material
refractory (107) intended for laying and jointing
brick(s) (01 4) or block(s) (012) by troweling, grout-
ing in the joints or dipping
070
heat setting jointing material [ENV 1402-1:1 994]
heat -setting mortar
refractory mortar NOTE 1 These materials are mixtures of fine aggregate
type of jointing material (076) which hardens at ele- (003) and bond (01 3), supplied in the dry state or mixed
vated temperatures and contains a chemical bond with suitable liquids ready for use.
(036) and/or a ceramic bond (025)
NOTE 2 See also air-setting mortar (004) and heat
setting mortar (070).
071
high alumina refractory 077
refractory (107) composed predominantly of alumina lime refractory
and/or alumino-silicate (006) containing greater than refractory (107) containing greater than or equal to
or equal to 45 0/0by mass of a!uminium oxide 707. by mass of calcium oxide and less than 30% by
mass of magnesium oxide
NOTE ISO 10081-1 :— contains compositional data on
high alumina refractories. NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081 -2:—.

6
 I

IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

078 084
low alumina fireclay refractory magnesia refractory
refractory (107) composed of alumino-silicate (006) refractory (107) containing greater than 807. by
and silica, containing less than 85 Y. by mass of silica mass of magnesium oxide
and a minimum of 10 O/. and less than 30 O/. by mass
ofaluminium oxide NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data on
magnesia refractories.
NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.
085
magnesia spinel refractory
079 refractory (107)composed predominantly of magne-
low cement castable sia (080) and spinel (123) containing greater than or
LCC equal to 20 Y. by mass of magnesium oxide
deflocculated castable (049) containing greater than
1 O/. and a maximum of 2,5 O/. calcium oxide on a cal- NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data on
cined basis magnesia spinel refractories.

[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

086
medium cement castable
080 MCC
magnesia deflocculated castable (049) containing greater than
magnesium oxide produced by calcination (019) of
naturally occurring or synthetic magnesium carbonate
or hydroxide and used as a raw material, normally in
2.5 ?4. calcium oxide on a caicined basis

[ENV 1402-1:1994]
I
the dead-burned (047) state

NOTE Naturally occurring carbonate rock is termed

“magnesite” which is sometimes incorrectly used to describe 087
the calcined product. modulus of rupture
.
maximum stress that a prismatic test piece of a re-
081 fractory (107)of specified dimensions can withstand
magnesia carbon refractory when it is bent in a three-point bending device
refractory (107) composed predominantly of magne-
sia (080) and between 77. and 50 % by mass of re- [1s0 5014:1 997]
sidual carbon

082 088
magnesia chromite refractory mouldable ceramic fibre
refractory (107) composed largely of magnesia (080) mouldable refractory ceramic fibre (USA)
and chromite (037) in which the magnesia is the pre- ceramic fibre (026) with inorganic and/or organic
dominate component by mass binder (01 O) which maybe moulded

NOTE ISO 10081 -2:— contains compositional data on [EN 1094-1:1 997]
magnesia chromite refractories.

083
magnes-ia doloma refractory 089
refractory (107) composed largely of magnesia (080) neutral refractory
and doloma (051) in which the magnesia predomi- refractory (107) which has no appreciable chemical
nates by mass reaction at high temperature with an acid refractory
(002), a basic refractory (009), an acid or basic slag
NOTE ISO 10081-2:— contains compositional data on (121) or flux
magnesia doloma refractories.

7
 IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

090 096
no cement castable pitch bonding
NCC tar bonding
. deflocculated castable (049) containing a maximum use of pitch or tar to produce a bond (013) in a
of 0,2 Y. calcium oxide on a calcined basis and con- pressed unfired refractory (107)
taining no hydraulic setting cement
097
[ENV 1402-1:1994] pitch impregnation
use of liquid pitch or tar to impregnate a refractory
(107) after forming or firing (060)
091
open c-rack NOTE Adapted from IS-O 10060:1993.
crack or tear in the surface of a brick (014) or block
(01 2) whose length is more than 10 mm and whose
width is more than 0,2 mm 098
plastic refractory
[ISO 12678-2:1996] mouldable refractory
unshaped refractory (136),supplied ready for use,
092 with a high workability (139),made up of aggregate
open pores (003), bond (01 3) and liquid, and which hardens after
pores in a refractory (107) that are penetrated by the placing by the action of heat
immersion liquid in the test specified in
ISO 5017:1998 NOTE 1 According to the type of product, the main bond
(01 3) may be ceramic (025), chemical (036) or organic
(093). Plastic refractory materials are normally supplied in
[ISO 5016:1 997]
soft, pre-formed blocks or slices and placed by ramming
(104) (mechanical or manual).
NOTE These pores are, in principle, all those that are
connected with the atmosphere, either directly or via one NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.
another.

093
organic bond 099
bond (01 3) of organic nature with bonding or hard- pre-formed shape
ening at ambient temperature or at a higher tempera- shape made from an unshaped refractory (136),
ture cast or moulded and pre-treated by the manufacturer,
so that it can be directly placed in service
[ENV 1402-1:1994]
[ENV 1402-1:1 994]

094
permeability
property of a refractory (107) allowing a fluid to pass 100
through it when under a difference of pressure pre-formed shape (rigid)
rigid shape made of ceramic fibre (026) with the ad-
[EN 993-4:1 995] ‘ dition of inorganic and/or organic binder (010), fired
or unfired

[EN 1094-1:1 997]

095
permanent change in -dimensions on
heating
permanent linear change 101
PLC protrusion
dimensional expansion or contraction that remains in indentation
a refractory (107) that is heated with no externally imperfection that may occur during the moulding or
applied force to a specified temperature for a speci- firing process of a brick (014)orablock(012)
fied time and then cooled to ambient temperature
[ISO 12678-2:1 996]
NOTE Adapted from ISO 2478:1987

8
 I

IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

102 107
pyrometric -one equivalent refractory, noun
PCE refractory product
reference number o“fthe pyrometric reference cone refractory material
(103) that has bent over to the same degree as test non-metallic material or product (but not excluding
pieces of a refractory (107)or the number of the two those containing a proportion of metal) whose chemi-
cones (1 03) that have bent over, one a little more and cal and physical properties aHow it to be used in a
one a little less than the test pieces when the cones high temperature environment
(1 03) and the test pieces have been mounted to-
gether and heated under specified conditions
108
[EN 993-12:1 997] -refractory, adj
able to be used in a high temperature environment

1-09
‘T03 refractory castable
pyrometric reference cone castable
cone non-coherent mixture .of aggregate (003) and bond
blunt-tipped skew triangle pyramid with sharp edges, (01 3), mainly supplied dry and placed by casting
of specified shape and dimensions and of such com- (024) after the addition and mixing of water or another
position that, when mounted and heated under speci- liquid
fied conditions, it bends in a known manner with
reference to its heat temperature

[EN 993-13:1995]
NOTE

110
Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.
I
refractoriness
characteristic property of a refractory (107) that al-
104 lows it to withstand a high temperature in its environ-
ramming ment and conditions of use
process of installing or shapinq an unshaped refrac-
tory (136) involvin~ repeated i~pact 111
refractoriness-under-load
R-U-L
105 particular measure of the -behaviour of a refractory
ram mix (107) subjected to the combined effects of load, rising
ramming mix temperature and time
unshaped refractory (136) which is non-coherent
before use, made up of aggregate (003), bond (013) [EN 993-8:1 997]
and if necessary liquid, and placed by ramming (104)
(mechanical or manual) or vibration (137) 112
regular castable
NOTE 1 According to the type of product, the main bond refractor casteble (109) with a hvdraulic bond
(013) may be ceramic (025), chemical (036), or organic
(073) co~taining cement -but without ; deflocculant
(093). Ram mixes are used as-delivered or after the addition
(048) and with a calcium oxide content greater than
of liquid(s).
2,5 ?4. by weight on a calcined basis
NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.
NOTE Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994.

106
reference temperature
temperature of collapse
temperature at which the tip
ence cone (103) reaches the
of the cone is mounted when
113
resilience
ability of ceramic fibres (026) to spring back after
compression to 50 “Y. of thickness
of a pyrometric refer-
level on which the base
the cone is heated at a
[ISO 10635:1 999]

NOTE Resilience is the ratio of the thickness of .a

I
specified rate under specified conditions product after the application and relaxation of a compres-
sive force which reduces the original thickness to 50 % of its
[EN !393-1 3:1 995] original value, to its original.thickness.

9
.
 . . .. . ..

1S4041 :2006
ISO 836:2001

114 121
resin bonding slag
. non-metallic material formed during refining of metal,
use of resin to produce a bond (013) in a refractory
(1 07) when heated to a relatively low temperature (up as ‘a by-product of a high temperature process, or re-
to 800 “C) sulting from chemical reaction between refractory
(107) and its service environment
[ISO 10060:1 993]

115 122
segregation spalling
separation of aggregate (003) and fines (058) during fracture or rupture of a refractory (107) resulting in
fabrication of a refractory (107) to leave a honey- the physical detachmentof pieces of the refractory
comb appearance and/or a layer of excess fines
123
[ENV 1402-7:1998] spinel
magnesium aluminate,Mg0.A1203

116 NOTE The term also applies in a gerreral sense to a

shaped insulating refractory class of compounds with a cubic crystalline structure, com-
shaped refractory (107) having a true porosity (133) posed of mixtures of di- and tri-valent metal oxides.
of nOt IeSS than 45% by volume
EXAMPLE Chromite (037)
[1S0 5016:1997]

NOTE These products are characterized by low ther-

mal conductivity (129) and low heat capacity. 124
surface crazing
crazing
network of hairline cracks (069) confined to the sur-
117
face of a coherent refractory (107)
shot content
percentage of non-fibrous particles that would be re-
NOTE Adapted from ISO 12678-2:1996.
tained on a 75 ~m nominal aperture sieve complying
with the requirements given in ISO 565

[1S0 10635:1999]
125
118 tap-hole -mix
silica refractory tap-hole plastic (USA)
refractory (107) containing greater than or equal to specially designed plastic refractory (098), supplied
93 0/0by mass of silica ready for use, made up of aggregate (003), bond
(013) and liquid which, after firing, form a carbon bond
NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.
NOTE 1 These materials are specially designed to fill
119 blast furnace tap-holes.
siliceous refractory
refractory (107) containing less than 93 “/0 and NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV }402-1:1 994.
greater than or equal to 85% by mass of silica

NOTE Adapted from ISO 10081-1 :—.

126
120 tempering
sintering heating a pitch bonded (096) refractory (107) to a
joining of particles and increasing their contact inter- relativelylow temperature(up to 800 “C)
faces by atom movement within and between the par-
ticles due to the application of heat [ISO 10060:1993]

10
 1S 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001

127 135
tensile strength ultra-low cement castable
parting strength ULCC
maximum tensile force that a coherent ceramic fibre deflocculated castable (049) containinggreaterthan
(026) product can withstand before it fails 0,2 % and up to 1,0 O/. calcium oxide on a calcined
basis
NOTE Adapted from ISO 10635:1999.
“NOTE Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994. I
128
texture 136
relationship between the shapes and sizes of the unshaped refractory
grains and pores in a coherent refractory (1 07) mixture consisting of aggregate (003) and bond
(01 3), prepared ready for use either directly in the
129 condition in which they are supplied or after addition
thermal conductivity of one or more suitable liquids and which satisfies the
quantity of heat transmitted through a refractory requirements of refractoriness (11 O)
(107) in unit time divided by unit cross-sectionalarea
and unit temperature gradient along the direction of NOTE 1 Such a mixture may contain metallic, organic or
heat flow inorganic fibrous material and may be either dense or insu-
lating. An insulating mixture is one whose true porosity
130
thermal diffusivity
(133) is not less than 45 YO when determined in accordance
with ISO 5016, using a test piece fired to specified condi-
tions.
I
thermal conductivity (129) of a refractory (107) di-
vided by its heat capacity per unit volume NOTE 2 Adapted from ENV 1402-1:1994,

[1S0 8894-1 :1987]

131 137
thermal shock resistance vibro-compaction
resistance of a refractory (107) to damage caused by vibration
abrupt temperature changes use of vibration to compact an unshaped refractory
(136) during installation or test piece preparation
NOTE Adapted from EN 993-11:1997 where test
pieces are cooled abruptly from 950 ‘C to room temperature
by air blowing.
138

132
true density
warpage
deviation of a plane surface on a refractory (107) I
from being flat
ratio of the mass of the solid materialof a porous re-
fractory (107) to its true volume (134)
[ENV 1402-7:1 998]

[ISO 5018:1983]

133
139
true porosity
workability
ratio of the total volume of the open pores (092) and
measure of the ease of moulding or shaping an un-
the closed pores (039) in a porous refractory (107)
shaped refractory (136)
to its bulk volume (018)

[ISO 5016:1997] ,

140
f 34 yield by volume
true volume mass of unshaped refractory (136),as delivered,
volume of the solid material in a porous refractory which is necessary to place 1 m3 of material, ex-
(107) pressed in tonnes to the nearest 1 Y.

[ISO 5016:1997] [ENV 1402-1:1994]

11
 I
1s,4041 :2006
ISO 836:2001

Bibliography

[1] ISO 565:1990, Test sieves — Me/a/ wire [12] ISO 10081 -2:—2), Classification of dense
cloth, perforated metal plate and electrofor- shaped refractory products — Part 2: Basic
med sheet — fVomina/ sizes of openings, products containing less than 7 % residual
carbon.

[2] ISO 2478:1987,

products —
Dense
Determination
shaped

change in dimensions on heating.

of
refractoy
permanent
[13] ISO 10241:1992, /nternationa/ terminology
standards — Preparation and layout. I
[14] ISO 10635:1999, Refractory products —
Methods of test for ceramic fibre products.
[3] ISO 5014:1997, Dense and insulating shaped
refracto~ products — Determination of mo-
du/us of rupture at ambient temperature. [15] ISO 12676:--2), Refractory products — De-
termination of resistance to carbon monoxide.

[4] ISO 5016:1997, Shaped insulating refractory

[16] ISO 12678-2:1996, Refractory products —
products — Determination of bulk density and
Measurement of dimensions and external
true porosity.
defects of refractory bricks — Part 2: Corner
and edge defects and other surface imperfec-
[5] ISO 5017:1998, Dense shaped refractory tions.
products — Determination of bulk density,
apparent porosity and true porosity.
[171 EN 993-1:1995, Methods of test for dense

[6] ISO 5018:1983, f?efractoty materials — De-

shaped refractory products — Part 1: Deter-
mination of bulk density, apparent
and true porosity.
porosity I
termination of true density.

[7] ISO 8840:1987, ‘Refractory materials — De- [18] EN 993-4:1995, Methods of test for dense
termination of bulk density of granular mate- shaped refractory products — Part 4: Deter-
rials (grain density). mination of permeability to gases.

[8] ISO 8894-1:1987, Refractory materia/s — [19] EN 993-8:1997, Methods of test for dense
Determination of therms/ conductivity — shaped refractory products — Part 8: Deter-
Part 1: Hot-wire method (cross-array). mination of refractoriness-under-load.

[9] ISO 10059-1:1992, Dense, shaped refractory

products — Determination of cold compres- [20] EN 993-9:1997, Methods of test for dense
sive strength — Part 1: Referee test without shaped refractory products — Part 9: Deter-
packing. mination of creep in compression.

[10] ISO 10060:1993, Dense, shaped refractory [21] EN 993-11:<), Methods of test for dense
products — Test methods for products con- shaped refractory products — Part 11: De-
taining carbon. termination of resistance to thermal -shock
(ENV).
[11] ISO 10081-1 :—’ ), Classification of dense
shaped refractory products — Part 1: Alumi- [22] EN 993-12:1997, Methods of’ test
— for dense
na-silica. shaped refractory products — Part 12: lJe-
termination of pyrometric cone equivalent (re-
fractoriness).

1) To be published. (Revision of 1S0 1.0081-1:1991) 2) To be published.

12
 IS 4041:2006
ISO 836: 20CM

[23] EN 993-13:1995, Methods of test for dense fracto~ materials. General and textural pro-
shaped refractory products — Part 13.” Speci- perties. Determination of hydration tendency.
fication for pyrometric reference cones for la-
boratory use. [29] BS 3446-1:1990, British standard g/ossa~ of
terms associated with refractory materials.
General and manufacturing.
[24] EN 1094-1:1997, /nsu/sting refractory pro-
ducts: — Part 1: Terminology for ceramic fibre [30] BS 3446-2:1990, British standard g/ossary of
products. terms associated with refractory materials.
Applications in the coke, glass, cement and
[25] ENV 1402-1:1994, Unshaped refractory pro- other non-metallurgical industries.
ducts — Part 1: Introduction and definitions.
[31] ‘BS 3446-3:1990, British standard glossaty of
terms associated with refractory materia/s.
[26] ENV 1402-7:1998, Unshaped refractory prod- Applications in the metallurgical industries.
ucts — Part 7: Tests on pre-formed shapes.
[32] DODD and MURFIN, Dictionary of Ceramics,
3rd edition 1994.
[27] ASTM C71 -00, Standard Terminology Rela-
ting to Refractories. [33] PRE Glossary: 1999, Equivalent refractory
terms in English, French, German, Italian and
[28] BS 1902-3.14:1996, Methods of testing of re- Spanish — F.4deration Europeene des Fabri-
cants de Produits Refractaires, Brussels.

13
 —-——— —. —

I
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