The Cloud Adoption Toolkit

Addressing the Challenges of Cloud

Ad ti
Adoption in
i the
th Enterprise
E t i

Ali Khajeh-Hosseini, David Greenwood,

James W. Smith, Ian Sommerville

S T A N D R E W S
C L O U D C O M P U T I N G C O - L A B O R A T O R Y
 Cloud Computing

• Infrastructure as a Service
• Virtual machines
• On demand
On‐demand I i h
Is it cheaper?
?
Will it save energy?
• Elastic What are the risks/benefits?
What are the risks/benefits?
How will it affect my organisation?
• Resource pooling
• Pay per use

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 Enterprise IT Systems

• Enterprises want to use the cloud, but they 
h
have large‐scale complex IT systems:
l l l IT t
– Number of lines of code
Number of lines of code
– Number of people
– Amounts of data involved
– Heterogeneous hardware and software
– Connections and interdependencies
Connections and interdependencies

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 Cloud = Organisational Change

• Accounting will change

• Compliance will change
p g

• Security will change
Security will change

• IT project management will change
IT project management will change

• Engineering will change
Engineering will change

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 Cloud = Organisational Change

• Support will change
• End users: what do you do when it fails?

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 Cloud Adoption in Enterprise

• Could take 10 to 15 years
• What to keep in‐house, what to migrate?
Wh t t k i h h tt i t ?

O
Our aim is to support decision makers
i i t td i i k

Challenges:
Ch ll
1. Provide accurate information on costs
2. Support risk management
3 Ensure decision makers can make informed 
3. E d ii k k i f d
trade‐offs between the benefits and risks
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 Cloud Adoption Toolkit

• Supports decision making using a bag of tools:
– Technology Suitability Analysis
– Cost Modelling
Cost Modelling
– Energy Consumption Analysis
– Stakeholder Impact Analysis
– Responsibility Modelling
Responsibility Modelling

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Using the Toolkit

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 Cost Modelling

• Provides accurate cost estimates of running IT 
systems on the cloud 
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• Helps architects evaluate the design of a 
Helps architects evaluate the design of a
proposed IT system with respect to its 
operational costs
l
• Cost uncertainty in the cloud:
Cost uncertainty in the cloud:
1. Resources consumed
2. Deployment options used
3 Cloud provider
3. Cloud provider’ss pricing model
pricing model
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Cost Modelling

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Cost Modelling

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 Stakeholder Impact Analysis

• Support decision makers in determining the socio‐
political viability of a proposed IT system
political viability of a proposed IT system
• Identifying the impact of changes to stakeholders‘ 
work activities in terms of their:
1 Practicalities: time, resources, capabilities
1. P ti liti ti biliti

2 Social factors: interests, values, status, satisfaction
2. Social factors interests values status satisfaction

3 Political factors: perception of fairness, 
3. Political factors: perception of fairness
distribution of benefits, drawbacks and risks
distribution of benefits, drawbacks and risks
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 Case Study

Company A (major Minutely Offshore

oil company) data oil rig

Company A Offshore
Tape Database  Application  Firewall
oil rig
Drive Server Server
Company B
(IT solutions Company B Amazon’s
company) Cloud
Company C (end users)

Company C
Company C
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 Results

• Infrastructure costs over 5 years In‐house Cloud

£37 000
£37,000 £23 000
£23,000

• Around 37% cheaper
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• 218 support calls over 5 years
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• 20% of them would be eliminated
f h ld b l d
• Backup, power and network issues would be Amazon’s responsibility

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 Stakeholders

• Technical manager
– Looks attractive, security of VMs
Looks attractive security of VMs
• Support staff
– Feel threatened, don’t want to rely on others for support
l h d d ’ l h f
• Project manager
– Hard to sell but simplifies cash flow and reduces required 
skill‐set
• Business development manager
– New opportunities, reduces energy usage
New opportunities reduces energy usage
• End users
– System failure
S t f il
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 Stakeholder Impact Analysis

Benefits Risks
Opportunity to manage income & outgoings Deterioration of customer care & service quality

Opportunity to offer new products/services  Increased dependence on external 3rd party

Improved status Decrease of satisfying work
Removal of tedious work Departmental downsizing

• Final decision: do not migrate the system to the 
cloud because the benefits do not outweigh the risks
cloud because the benefits do not outweigh the risks
• Considering migration of non business‐critical 
systems

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 Other tools

• Energy consumption analysis
– There
There’ss a trade‐off between energy efficiency and 
a trade off between energy efficiency and
performance
– Find optimum energy usage of an IT system when its 
Find optimum energy usage of an IT system when its
deployed on a private cloud

• Responsibility modelling
– Who
Who’ss responsible for what when you have different 
responsible for what when you have different
people constructing, operating & maintaining a system 
across multiple organisations departments and clouds?
across multiple organisations, departments and clouds?
– Understand duties and ensure they are discharged

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 Summary

• In enterprises, cloud = organisational change

• The
The Cloud Adoption Toolkit offers a promising 
Cloud Adoption Toolkit offers a promising
starting point in supporting decision makers in 
the enterprise

• We
We are currently evaluating the tools with 
are currently evaluating the tools with
bigger case studies
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www.cs.st‐andrews.ac.uk/stacc
/

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