SOAL LATIHAN UAS EKONOMIKA MIKRO

1. Jelaskan pengertian beberapa istilah di bawahini.

a) Theory of Firm b) Economic Cost
c) Fungsi produksi jangka panjang d) Opportunity Cost
e) The law of diminishing marginal return f) Jalur Ekspansi
g) Fungsi Produksi Cobb-Daouglas h) Surplus Konsumen

2. Sebut dan jelaskan tahap-tahap keputusan produksi perusahaan.

3. Jelaskan dengan gambar pengaruh kemajuan teknologi terhadap produksi.
4. Sebut dan jelaskan macam-macam return to scale.
5. Jelaskan dengan gambar infleksibilitas produksi dalam jangka pendek.
6. Jelaskan dengan gambar terjadinya dead weight loss (DWL) akibat monopoli,
dibandingkan dengan pasar persaingan sempurna.
7. Buatlah analisis kesejahteraan atas kebijakan penetapan harga minimum.
8. Buatlah analisis kesejahteraan atas kebijakan pembatasan penawaran (supply
restriction).
Answer :
1.
A. theory of the firm, which describes how a firm makes cost-
minimizing production decisions and how the firm’s resulting cost
varies with its output.
B. economic cost Cost to a firm of utilizing economic resources in
production.
C.
D. opportunity cost Cost associated with opportunities forgone
when a firm’s resources are not put to their best alternative use.
E. law of diminishing marginal returns Principle that as the use of
an input increases with other inputs fixed, the resulting additions
to output will eventually decrease.

F. expansion path Curve passing through points of tangency

between a firm’s isocost lines and its isoquants. (pg.249)
 G. Cobb-Douglas production function Production function of the
form q AKa Lb, where q is the rate of
output, K is the quantity of capital, and L is the quantity of labor,
and where A, a, and b are positive constants.(pg.276)
H. consumer surplus is the total benefit or value that consumers
receive beyond what they pay for a good; producer surplus is the
analogous measure for producers

1. Production Technology: We need a practical way of describing

how inputs (such as labor, capital, and raw materials) can be transformed into
outputs (such as cars and televisions). Just as a consumer can reach a level of
satisfaction from buying different combinations of goods, the firm can produce a
particular level of output by using different combinations of inputs. For example,
an electronics firm might produce 10,000 televisions per month by using a
substantial amount of labor (e.g., workers
assembling the televisions by hand) and very little capital, or by building a
highly automated capital-intensive factory and using very little labor.
2. Cost Constraints: Firms must take into account the prices of labor, capital,
and other inputs. Just as a consumer is constrained by a limited budget,
the firm will be concerned about its cost of production. For example, the
firm that produces 10,000 televisions per month will want to do so in a
way that minimizes its total production cost, which is determined in part
by the prices of the inputs it uses.
3. Input Choices: Given its production technology and the prices of labor,
capital, and other inputs, the firm must choose how much of each input to
use in producing its output. Just as a consumer takes account of the prices
of different goods when deciding how much of each good to buy, the firm
must take into account the prices of different inputs when deciding how
much of each input to use. If our electronics firm operates in a country
with low wage rates, it may decide to produce televisions by using a large
amount of labor, thereby using very little capital.

3.

4.
- returns to scale Rate at which output increases as inputs are increased
proportionately.
- increasing returns to scale Situation in which output more than doubles when
all inputs are doubled.
- constant returns to scale Situation in which output
doubles when all inputs are doubled.
- decreasing returns to scale Situation in which output less than doubles when
all inputs are doubled.
5.