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1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói w`b †_‡KB gyw³hy‡×i cUf‚wg iwPZ n‡q‡Q| fvlvi H‡K¨i gva¨‡g
†h RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi D™¢e Zv cvwK¯Ívwb A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK †kvl‡Yi gva¨‡g
Av‡iv `„pZv jvf K‡i| Z‡e gyw³hy‡×i Zvr¶wYK cUf~wg m„wó‡Z 1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb I AvBqye
Lv‡bi cZb f‚wgKv iv‡L| ¶gZvq AwawôZ nq Aci mvgwiK kvmK †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb| Zvi
Avg‡j 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| wbe©vP‡bi ivq Abyhvqx ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g MYZš¿
weKvk m¤¢e wQj| wKšÍz weRqx AvIqvgx jxM‡K ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi bv K‡i Avevi ïiy nq lohš¿| RvZxq
cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb evi evi ¯’wMZ †NvlYv, ûgwKi gva¨‡g evOvwji ivq‡K D‡c¶v Kiv n‡j AvIqvgx
jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb 1971 mv‡ji gvP© †_‡K Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`b| 7 gv‡P©
†im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wZwb cÖ‡qvR‡b N‡i N‡i `~M© M‡o †Zvjvi AvnŸvb I ¯^vaxbZvi WvK †`b| d‡j
GKw`‡K evOvwj ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ¯ÍzwZ wb‡Z _v‡K, Ab¨w`‡K Zv `g‡b cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK kvmK‡Mvôx c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK mgv‡ek NUv‡Z _v‡K| cvkvcvwk †kL gywR‡ei mv‡_ †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv I fz‡Ævi
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g weåvwšÍ m„wói †Póv Pj‡Z _v‡K| 25 gvP© MYnZ¨v ïiy Kivi m¤ú~Y© cÖ¯ÍzwZ m¤úbœ
K‡i Bqvwnqv Hw`b XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| BwZnv‡mi me©v‡c¶v wbg©g I ee©i GB MYnZ¨vi gva¨‡gB
cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKP‡µi we`v‡qi m~Pbv nq, ïiy nq evOvwji gyw³hy×| 25 gvP© ga¨iv‡Z †kL gywRe
¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`b hv 26 gvP© Gg. G. nvbœvb I 27 gvP© †gRi wRqvi PÆMÖvg †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K
cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| ïiy nq cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK evwnbxi weiy‡× evOvwji cÖwZ‡iva
hy×| hv b'gv‡mi mdj hy‡×i gva¨‡g mvdj¨ jvf K‡i|
G BDwbU c‡o Avcwb 1969 mv‡ji MYAfz¨Ìvb, AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb I Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi mvgwiK
kvmb Rvwi, 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq, 1971 mv‡ji Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb, 25
gvP© cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi MYnZ¨v I gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv Ges ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
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Ebmˇii MYAfz¨Ìvb
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GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vcU eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi wewfbœ ch©vq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ¸iyZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb wewfbœ Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© Aa¨vq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
n‡q Av‡Q| Ebmˇi RbM‡Yi Av‡›`vjb †h †Kej e¨vcK we¯Ívi jvf K‡iwQj ZvBÑB bq, Gi
gva¨‡g AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbvg‡j mvwaZ ÔDbœqb I mg„w×'i h_v_© iƒcwUI c„w_exi mvg‡b D‡b¥vwPZ
n‡q c‡o| QvÎ Am‡šÍvl‡K †K›`ª K‡i 1968 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i †h cÖv_wgK NUbvewji m~ÎcvZ Zv
cieZx©Kv‡j †KejgvÎ QvÎ mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ mxgve× bv †_‡K Qwo‡q c‡o kªwgK-K…lK I e¨vcK
mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨| GKwU mvaviY `vwe- AvBqy‡ei cZb‡K †K›`ª K‡i cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'As‡ki gvbyl G mg‡q GK‡hv‡M c‡_ bv‡g| G Afz¨Ìv‡bi cwiYwZ‡Z ïay AvBqye
Lv‡biB cZb N‡Uwb eis ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi c_ myMg nq|
Afz¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vcU
1969-Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vcU m~wPZ nq †`k wefvM I cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m~Pbv †_‡KB| 1947
mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi Ae¨ewnZ ci †_‡KB †K›`ªxq miKvi ¯^vqËkvmb Bmy¨‡Z cÖwZK‚jZvi m¤§yLxb
n‡Z _v‡K| ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ‡kœ 1949 mv‡j c~e©evsjv †_‡K msMwVZ `vwe cÖ_g D”PvwiZ nq| c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jxM jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZ c~e©e‡½i Rb¨ AvÂwjK ¯^vqËkvmb I ivóªfvlv
wn‡m‡e evsjv‡K ¯^xK…wZ`v‡bi `vwe DÌvcb K‡i| Z‡e ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z Z`vbxšÍb c~e©evsjvq
Av‡›`vjb `vbv †eu‡a I‡V 1950 mv‡ji msweavb cÖYq‡bi j‡¶ MwVZ †gŠwjK bxwZgvjv KwgwU KZ…©K
DÌvwcZ cÖ¯Ív‡ei wec‡¶| cÖ¯ÍvewU‡Z D`y©‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kivi K_v ejv nq Ges
cÖ‡`kmg~n‡K Kvh©Kixfv‡e †Kvb ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`vb Kivi welqwU Gwo‡q hvIqv nq| ZvB G cÖ¯Ív‡ei
wec‡¶ c~e©evsjvq M‡o I‡V †gŠwjK bxwZgvjv KwgwU we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb| e¨vcK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L
cvwK¯Ívb †K›`ªxq miKvi KwgwUi mycvwikgvjvi Ici MYcwil‡`i Av‡jvPbv ¯’wMZ iv‡L|
cvwK¯Ívb †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii weiy‡× evOvwj‡`i wØZxq cÖwZev`x I cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V evsjv
fvlvi `vwe wb‡q| cvwK¯Ívb miKvi evOvwji fvlvi Ici AvNvZ nvb‡Z ïiy K‡i 1948 mvj †_‡K|
G mgq †_‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi KZ…©K D`y©‡K GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv †NvlYv g~jZ evsjv fvlvi
cÖwZ cÖKvk¨ nvgjv| ZLb †_‡K c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR I eyw×Rxex gnj evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªfvlvq
DbœxZ Kivi `vwe‡Z c~e©evsjvq miKvi we‡ivax e¨vcK Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| 1952 mv‡j fvlv
Av‡›`vjb cÖKUiƒc jvf K‡i| QvÎ mgvR MVb K‡i me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` Ges G
cwil‡`i D‡`¨v‡M 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi QvÎ mgvR miKv‡ii †`qv 144 aviv f½ K‡i iv¯Ívq
cÖwZev` wgwQj wb‡q †ei n‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z K‡qKRb QvÎ wbnZ I eû QvÎ AvnZ nq| Gi
cÖwZev‡` 22 †deªyqvwi XvKvmn mgMÖ †`ke¨vcx Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V Ges cvwK¯Ívb miKvi cÖ_gev‡ii
g‡Zv evOvwj‡`i K‡Vvi Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡LvgywL nq| Aek¨ G Av‡›`vj‡b †klch©šÍ evOvwj‡`iB weRq
m~wPZ nq Ges 1956 mv‡ji msweav‡b evsjv fvlv cvwK¯Ív‡bi wØZxq ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v jvf K‡i|
Aciw`‡K fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡iB c~e©evsjvq cvwK¯Ívb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i
Ges cieZx©Kv‡j †K›`ªxq miKvi Z_v AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b RbMY‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i|
cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 1954 mv‡j| G wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM we‡ivax
`j¸‡jv hy³d«›U MVb K‡i wbe©vP‡b AeZxY© nq Ges gymwjg jxM‡K †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ K‡i
weRq AR©b K‡i| hy³d«›U 1955 mv‡ji 3 GwcÖj gwš¿mfv MVb K‡i| wKšÍz GKgvm †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB
30 †g cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi hy³d«›U gwš¿mfv evwZj †NvlYv K‡i c~e©evsjvq Mfb©‡ii kvmb
Pvjy K‡ib| hy³d«›U miKvi e¨_© n‡jI wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi fivWzwe I hy³d«‡›Ui weRq
evOvwj‡`i g‡b RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv e„w× K‡i Ges cieZx©Kv‡j RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b Drmvn
cÖ`vb K‡i|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g msweavb cÖYxZ nq 1956 mv‡j| wewfbœ w`K †_‡K G msweavb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© n‡jI G‡Z
AvÂwjK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi welqwU D‡cw¶Z nq| wKšÍz '56 cieZx©Kv‡j c~e©evsjvq `je`‡ji †cÖ¶vc‡U
¯^vqËkvm‡bi cÖ‡kœ †Kvb †Rviv‡jv Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡Vwb| DcišÍz, 1958 mv‡j †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb
¶gZvq G‡m ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wbwl× †NvlYv Ki‡j Av‡›`vjb w¯ÍwgZ n‡q Av‡m|
AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m mKj ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib Ges wZb eQi ci MYZš¿
cybcÖwZôvi cÖwZkªywZ †`b| wKšÍz wZb eQi ciI AvBqy‡ei ˆ¯^ivPvix g‡bvfve Z_v wbh©vZb I
†MÖdZvix bxwZ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK gnj I me©mvaviY‡K DwØMœ K‡i †Zv‡j| Ggwb gyn‚‡Z©
1962 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi KivwP‡Z †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| G msev` c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b †cŠuQvi m‡½ m‡½ e¨vcK cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q| GUvB AvBqy‡ei weiy‡× cÖ_g cÖKvk¨
Av‡›`vjb Ges G Av‡›`vj‡bi c_ a‡iB '60-Gi `k‡K AvBqye we‡ivax NUbveûj Av‡›`vj‡bi
m~ÎcvZ nq| 31 Rvbyqvwi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎiv mvgwiK AvB‡bi wb‡lavÁv Agvb¨ K‡i
we‡¶v‡f †d‡U c‡o Ges miKv‡ii KwZcq Avgjv Qv·`i nv‡Z bv‡Rnvj nb| Gfv‡eB ïiy nj
evlwÆi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb|
1962 mv‡ji 1 gvP© AvBqye Lvb cvwK¯Ív‡bi wØZxq msweavb †NvlYv K‡ib| msweav‡b cye© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
¯^vqË kvmbvwaKv‡ii welqwU `viybfv‡e D‡cw¶Z Ges †`‡k K‡Vvi GKbvqKZvwš¿K kvmb cÖwZôv
Kiv nq| ZvB G msweav‡bi weiy‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b bZzb K‡i Zxeª Av‡›`vjb ïiy nq| B‡Zvc~‡e© †kL
gywReyi ingvb mn KwZcq †bZv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡j †mUvI Av‡›`vj‡bi Bmy¨‡Z hy³ nq| ZvB bZzb
msweavb evwZj, MYZš¿ cÖwZôv Ges †mvnivIqv`x© I †kL gywRe mn †MÖdZviK…Z †bZv‡`i gyw³i
`vwe‡Z 15 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Gw`b cywjkx wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` 24 gvP©
†_‡K Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Ae‡k‡l e¨vcK Av‡›`vjb I cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡LvgywL
n‡q AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡j 8 Ryb mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib|
AvBqye Lv‡bi weiy‡× wØZxq QvÎ Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V 1962 mv‡j wk¶v Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU©‡K †K›`ª
K‡i| AvM÷ gv‡m G Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ n‡j QvÎiv bZzb K‡i Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q|
†Kbbv G Kwgk‡b c~e©evsjvi ¯‹zj, K‡jR wk¶v‡K msKzwPZ Kiv n‡qwQj| XvKv K‡jR †_‡K ïiy
K‡i Av‡›`vjb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjqmn †`‡ki wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b Qwo‡q c‡o| wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b
QvÎiv ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡i Ges 17 †m‡Þ¤^i QvÎiv †`ke¨vcx niZvj Wv‡K| Gw`b Qv·`i mv‡_
Drmvn wb‡q †hvM †`q †`‡ki mvaviY gvbyl| G w`‡bi Av‡›`vj‡b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wZb Rb wbnZ mn
`y'kZvwaK AvnZ nq| D‡ËwRZ QvÎiv AvBqy‡ei weiy‡× †køvMvb †`q Ges Zvi KzkcyËwjKv `vn K‡i|
1962 mv‡j mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi I ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K gyw³ Ges `jxq Kvh©µ‡gi wKQyUv
my‡hvM †`Iqv n‡j cybivq ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ ïiy nq| 1962 mv‡j dRjyj nK Ges '63 mv‡j
†mvnivIqv`x© g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡j g~jZ ivR‰bwZK †bZv wn‡m‡e Avwefz©Z nb †kL gywReyi ingvb
(AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ) Ges gvIjvbv fvmvbx (b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ)| B‡Zvg‡a¨ †kL
gywRe †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡i AvIqvgx jxM‡K kw³kvjx wfwˇZ `uvo Kivb| 1964 mv‡j Ô‡fvUvwaKvi
Kwgk‡bi' wi‡cvU©‡K †K›`ª K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Avevi †Rvi`vi n‡Z _v‡K|
Kwgkb Ab¨vb¨ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vP‡bi K_v mycvwik Ki‡jI cieZx© †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b
c‡iv¶ wbe©vP‡bi mycvwik Ki‡j cÖwZev` I cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V|
1964 mv‡ji 11 gvP© wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖwZwbwa mgb¦‡q Ôme©`jxq msMÖvg KwgwU' MwVZ nq|
G KwgwU cÖvßeq¯‹ †fvUvwaKvi I cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vP‡bi `vwe wb‡q 19 gvP© niZvj AvnŸvb K‡i| G w`b
XvKv, bvivqYMÄ, Lyjbv, PÆMÖvgmn Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i me©vZ¥K niZvj cvwjZ nq| '64 mv‡j GK
D‡ËRbvKi NUbv N‡U 16 gvP© ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡q mgveZ©b Abyôvb‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G w`b
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvevwmK nj¸‡jv †_‡K K‡qKRb Qv·K †MÖdZvi Ki‡j †mLv‡b D‡ËRbv †`Lv †`q|
22 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgveZ©b Abyôv‡b †hvM w`‡Z G‡m Mfb©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb evavi m¤§yLxb
nb| Gw`b cywjk Qv·`i Ici nvgjv Pvwj‡q K‡qKkZ Qv·K †MÖdZvi K‡i| Gi cÖwZev‡` QvÎiv
Av‡›`vjb ïiy Ki‡j c‡ii K‡qK w`‡b mviv cÖ‡`‡k 14 kZ ¯‹zj I 74wU K‡jR eÜ K‡i †`Iqv nq
Ges 12kZ QvÎ †MÖdZvi nq| QvÎ Av‡›`vjb‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z wM‡q AvIqvgx jx‡Mi K‡qKRb
†bZvI †MÖdZvi nb| 29 gvP© me©`jxq msMÖvg KwgwU ÔcÖwZev` w`em' cvjb K‡i| 1964 mv‡ji
AvM÷ I †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Z _v‡K| 29 AvM÷
XvKvq Qv·`i Ici cywjkx wbh©vZb I QvÎ †bZv‡`i †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZev‡` 6 †m‡Þ¤^i XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ †bZviv wgwjZfv‡e 22 `dv `vwebvgv iPbv K‡i| `vwe¸‡jv QvÎ-¯^v_© mswkøó
n‡jI G‡Z ˆ¯^ivPv‡ii Aemvb, MYZš¿ cÖwZôv, cÖZ¨¶ †fvUvwaKvi, cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb,
ivRe›`x‡`i gyw³ cÖf…wZ ivR‰bwZK Bmy¨‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv nq| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, G mgq †_‡KB Qv·`i
¯^v_© I RvZxq ¯^v_© HK¨m~‡Î Ave× Kiv nq| 22 `dv `vwe wb‡q QvÎiv 17 †m‡Þ¤^i Ôwk¶v w`em'
cvjb K‡i Ges G w`b †_‡K Av‡›`vjb cÖej AvKvi aviY K‡i| miKvi ciw`bB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
mKj ¯‹zj-K‡jR I 19 Zvwi‡L XvKv, ivRkvnx I gqgbwmsn K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq eÜ †NvlYv K‡i| QvÎ
Av‡›`vj‡bi msev` Qvcv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i cwÎKvi Ici wb‡lavÁv Rvwi Kiv nq| GZwKQy K‡iI miKvi
Av‡›`vjb `gv‡Z cv‡iwb| µ‡g QvÎ Av‡›`vjb RvZxq Av‡›`vj‡b GKÎxf‚Z n‡q wekvj iƒc aviY
K‡i|
1963 mv‡j †mvnivIqv`x©i g„Zz¨i ci †kL gywReyi ingvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡ib|
ZiyY †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb wewfbœ Rbmfvq e³…Zvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'A‡ji ˆel‡g¨i wPÎ AZ¨šÍ
wbLuyZfv‡e Zz‡j a‡ib Ges AvBqye Lv‡bi ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb hv c~e©evsjvi
RbmvaviY‡K Mfxifv‡e AvK…ó K‡iwQj| G mgq 1966 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡× evsjvi cÖwZ
Ae‡njvi wPÎwU c~e©evsjvi RbMY‡K nZvk K‡i Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^vqËkvm‡bi cÖkœwU †Rviv‡jv n‡q
I‡V| hy× †k‡l 1966 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m jv‡nv‡i GK Kbdv‡i‡Ý †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e©evsjvi
¯^vqËkvmb I ¯^vwaKvi m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| wKšÍz Pig we‡iv‡ai gy‡L
Qq`dv `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq| `vwe¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wQjÑ
1. jv‡nvi cÖ¯ÍvewfwËK †dWv‡ij miKvi MVb I c~Y© AvÂwjK ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`vb|
2. †`k i¶v I ciivóªbxwZ e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ e¨vcv‡i AvÂwjK miKvi‡K ¶gZv cÖ`vb|
3. cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'A‡j c„_K gy`ªv Pvjy A_ev we‡kl mv‡c‡¶ GKB gy`ªv envj|
4. Ki avh© I Av`v‡q AvÂwjK miKvi‡K ¶gZv cÖ`vb|
5. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b I evwYwR¨K †¶‡Î AÂj‡K ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb|
6. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ wgwjwkqv evwnbx MV‡bi AbygwZ cÖ`vb|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi miKvwi gnj I c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Bmjvgcš’x Ges evgcš’x †bZ…e„›` Qq `dv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi
fv½b Z_v wew”QbœZvi `wjj e‡j AvL¨v w`‡jI c~e©evsjvi RbMY Qq `dv `vwe Av`v‡qi j‡¶ e¨vcK
MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| AvBqye Lvb Av‡›`vjb `gv‡bvi j‡¶ 8 †g '66 †kL gywRe‡K †MÖdZvi
Ki‡j cÖwZev‡` 7 Ryb †`ke¨vcx me©vZ¥K niZvj AvnŸvb Kiv nq| G w`b wnsmvZ¥K Av‡›`vj‡b
XvKv, bvivqYM‡Ä 11 Rb cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wbnZ nq Ges kZ kZ AvnZ nq| G‡ZI miKvi ¶všÍ
nqwb| 16 Ryb evOvwji gyLcÎ msev`cÎ B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi m¤úv`K †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK
wgqv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq Ges B‡ËdvKmn KwZcq cwÎKv wbwl× Kiv nq| miKv‡ii Giƒc
wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i we‡ivax`jxq m`m¨iv IqvK AvDU K‡i
Ges QvÎ-RbZv `ye©vi Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ¯ÍzwZ wb‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e '66 mv‡ji cieZx© Av‡›`vjb Qq
`dv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB AvewZ©Z nq Ges Qq `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe †klch©šÍ ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g
iƒc jvf K‡i|
Qq `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe wb‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb hLb †Rvi`vi
nw”Qj, ZLb miKvi evOvwj‡`i ¯^vwaKvi bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ GK K‚U‡KŠkj Avwe®‹vi K‡i| miKvi
1968 mv‡ji 18 Rvbyqvwi †kL gywRe‡K cÖavb Avmvgx K‡i 35 Rb mvgwiK I †emvgwiK †bZvi
weiy‡× ÒAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÓ bvgK GK wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i| G‡`i weiy‡× Awf‡hvM
†`Lv‡bv nq Giv fvi‡Zi mwµq mn‡hvwMZvq A_© I A¯¿ wb‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K
wew”Qbœ Kivi j‡¶ fvi‡Zi AvMiZjvq Av‡Mi eQi GK loh‡š¿ wjß nq| Awf‡hv‡Mi c‡¶
KZ¸‡jv wg_¨v `wjjcÎ `v‡qi Kiv nq| †MÖdZv‡ii ci Zuv‡`i‡K we‡kl UªvBeybv‡j wePv‡ii e¨e¯’v
Kiv nq| 1968 mv‡ji 19 Ryb wePvi ïiy nq Ges '69 mv‡ji 22 †deªyqvwi wbõjfv‡e gvgjv evwZj
†NvwlZ nq|
AvMiZjv gvgjv `v‡qi Ges Avmvgx‡`i †MÖdZvi I wePv‡ii ïbvbx cwÎKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ n‡j
c~e©evsjvq AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb bZzb gvÎv jvf K‡i| gvgjvi cÖwZev‡` 1968 mv‡ji 1jv
wW‡m¤^i cÖwZev` w`em Ges 7 wW‡m¤^i XvKvq niZvj cvwjZ nq| G mgq GKUv mvaviY NUbv‡K
†K›`ª K‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bI AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V hv c~e©evsjvi wecøex RbZv‡K
Drmvn hywM‡qwQj| 1968 mv‡ji AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb 1969 mv‡ji ïiy‡Z MYAfy¨Ìv‡b iƒc
jvf K‡i Ges G MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ga¨w`‡qB AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb N‡U|
Ly‡j †`Iqv Ges ew›` Qv·`i gyw³ cÖ`vb Ges Qv·`i wk¶v msµvšÍ KZ¸‡jv `vwe DÌvwcZ nq|
GKB mg‡q 8 Rvbyqvwi ZrKvjxb mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡bi 8wU ivR‰bwZK `j wg‡j ÔMYZvwš¿K msMÖvg
cwil`' (WvK) bvgK †gvP©v MVb K‡i Ges 8 `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡i hv‡Z 6 `dv I 11 `dvi mg_©b
cvIqv hvq|
Gici †_‡K ÔWvK' I QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o
I‡V| ÔWvK'-Gi AvnŸv‡b 14 Rvbyqvwi mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡b c~Y© niZvj cvwjZ nq| 17 Rvbyqvwi ÔWvK' I
ÔQvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i' †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M mviv †`‡k `vwe w`em cvwjZ nq| Hw`b Wv‡Ki wgwQ‡j cywjk
jvwVPvR© K‡i| QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi eUZjvq wgwjZ nq Ges wgwQj wb‡q †ei n‡j
cywjk jvwVPvR© K‡i| Gw`b cywjkx wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` 18 Rvbyqvwi ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Gw`b
QvÎ Av‡›`vjb e¨vcK R½xiƒc aviY K‡i| cywjk Qv·`i Ici e¨vcK wbh©vZb Pvjvq Ges cÖ‡KŠkj
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi `y'Rb Qv·K †MÖdZvi K‡i| cÖwZev‡` ciw`b Avevi ag©NU WvKv nq Ges Gw`bI
cywjk 8 Rb Qv·K †MÖdZvi K‡i|
†mbvevwnbx webv Kvi‡Y ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK I cÖ±i W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K †e‡qv‡bU PvR©
K‡i nZ¨v K‡i Ges K‡qKRb QvÎ I Aa¨vcK ¸wj‡Z AvnZ nb|
18 †deªyqvwii ci NUbvi `ªyZ AebwZ N‡U| Ae¯’v Dcjwä K‡i AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax `jxq †bZv‡`i
wb‡q †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK AvnŸvb Ki‡j †bZviv Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib Ges XvKv mn mgMÖ †`‡k RbZv
Av‡›`vj‡bi AwMœg‡š¿ Suvwc‡q c‡o| AvBqye Lvb Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h, AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi
e¨ZxZ Ae¯’v AbyK‚‡j Avbv m¤¢e bq| ZvB 21 †deªyqvwi GK †eZvi fvl‡Y AvBqye Lvb †NvlYv †`b
†h, cieZx© †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b wZwb Avi cÖv_x© n‡eb bv Ges GKB mv‡_ AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I
ivRew›`‡`i gyw³i Av‡`k †NvlYv K‡ib| AvBqye Lv‡bi †NvlYv †gvZv‡eK 22 †deªyqvwi AvMiZjv
wg_¨v gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq Ges †kL gywReyi ingvb mn mKj ivRew›` gyw³jvf K‡i| Kvivgy³
†kL gywRe‡K 23 †deªyqvwi †mvnivIqv`x© (eZ©gvb) D`¨v‡b wekvj MYmsea©bv †`Iqv nq Ges Hw`bB
Zuv‡K Qv·bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avng` Ôe½eÜz' Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ K‡ib|
MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ¸iyZ¡
1969-Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb wQj AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbvg‡j me©v‡c¶v kw³kvjx I R½x Av‡›`vjb| GwU ïiy
n‡qwQj miKvwi wbh©vZbwe‡ivax GKwU mvaviY jovB wn‡m‡e| wKšÍz AwP‡iB ¯^Z:ù‚Z© Av‡›`vj‡bi
iƒc wb‡q Zv Qwo‡q c‡owQj MÖv‡g-M‡Ä| Av‡›`vj‡bi Pwi‡ÎI e¨vcK cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| G
cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q e¨vcK MYRvMi‡Yi ga¨w`‡q| m‡½ m‡½ Av‡›`vj‡bi Zvrch©I e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
cÖ_gZ, MYAv‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z †M‡jB ej‡Z nq 11 `dvi K_v| G Kg©m~wPi d‡j QvÎ
mgvR ˆ¯^ivPvix miKv‡ii weiy‡× GK cÖwZ‡iva I `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| 11 `dv I 6 `dvi
g‡š¿ `xw¶Z n‡q †`ke¨vcx GK cÖPÛ MYwecø‡ei m„wó nq| G MYAv‡›`vj‡bi MwZ-cÖK…wZ j¶ K‡i
¶gZvmxb miKvi w`‡knviv n‡q c‡o Ges Zv cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cvK miKvi nZ¨v I wbh©vZbg~jK
e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i| d‡j Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv Zxeª I †Rviv‡jv n‡Z _v‡K Ges mgMÖ †`k we‡¶v‡f †d‡U
c‡o| G Av‡›`vj‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z AvBqye Lvb gywRe mn mKj ivRew›`‡`i webvk‡Z© gyw³ cÖ`vb
K‡ib| Zxeª Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb †klch©šÍ ¶gZv Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|
wØZxqZ, G Av‡›`vj‡bi mydj wn‡m‡e msm`xq miKvi e¨e¯’v I mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ
cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡bi ¯^xK…wZ wg‡j|
Z…ZxqZ, G Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡q MÖvg I kniv‡j †kªYx †PZbvi D‡b¥l N‡U Ges †kªYx msMÖv‡gi
AvswkK weKvk mvwaZ nq|
PZz_©Z, G Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j me‡P‡q eo jvf n‡jv ¯^Zš¿ RvwZ wn‡m‡e evOvwj‡`i †h RvZxqZv‡eva
1948-Gi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡q ïiy n‡qwQj Zv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| G Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡qB
evgcš’x‡`i e„nr Ask Ges Wvbcš’x msMVbfz³ m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ c~e©evsjvq c„_K ivóª MV‡bi
AvKv•¶v e„w× cvq| QvÎjx‡Mi mfvq ¯^vaxb mgvRZvwš¿K evsjv‡`k Movi cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ nq|
†kvlYgy³ mgvR cÖwZôvi †PZbv RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i, hvi d‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi RbwcÖqZv e„w× cvq|
cÂgZ, 1969- Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb RvZxq †PZbvi cÖZxK GKz‡k †deªyqvwi‡K miKvwi QywUi w`b wn‡m‡e
cÖwZwôZ K‡i| G mgq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` 21 †deªyqvwi‡K knx` w`em wn‡m‡e †NvlYvi `vwe
Rvwb‡qwQj| '54 mv‡j hy³d«›U gwš¿mfv 21 †deªyqvwi‡K QywUi w`b †NvlYv K‡iwQj| wKšÍz '58 mv‡j
mvgwiK AvBb Rvwii ci G QywU evwZj n‡q hvq| '69-Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi dj¯^iƒc 21 †deªyqvwi
c~‡e©i gh©v`v wd‡i cvq|
lôZ, 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weR‡qi †cQ‡b '69-Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi cÖfve wQj
cÖZ¨¶ Ges mwµq| evOvwj‡`i †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× cÖwZev` Rvbv‡Z Ges evOvwj RvwZi ¯^vwaKvi
AR©‡bi cÖ‡kœ AvIqvgx jxM †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb wQ‡jb me©`v AUj Ges cÖwZev`gyLi| '69-Gi
MYAv‡›`vjb †kL gywRe mn AvIqvgx jxM †bZv‡`i gyw³i c_ myMg K‡iwQj| gyw³jv‡fi ci †kL
gywRe evOvwji ¯^v_© i¶vq m`v mRvM I mwµq wQ‡jb| Gid‡j Zuvi RbwcÖqZv DˇivËi e„w× †c‡Z
_v‡K| '69-Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡b mgvRZvwš¿K `j¸‡jvi ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv wQj| Avi '70-Gi wbe©vPbx
g¨vwb‡d‡÷v‡Z †kL gywRe mgvRZvwš¿K wPšÍvaviv I Av`k©‡K mshy³ Kivq evgcš’x‡`i mg_©b jvf
K‡ib| m‡e©vcwi '69-Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ga¨w`‡q c~e©evsjvq †h RvZxq HK¨ M‡o I‡V '70-Gi
wbe©vP‡b Zv cy‡ivcywi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c‡¶ P‡j hvq| Avi G‡¶‡Î ¶gZvmxb miKv‡ii wbh©vZb,
wbcxob AvIqvgx jxM‡K wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Z Drmvnx K‡iwQj| †gvUK_v, miKv‡ii Rbwe‡Ølx bxwZ I
†kL gywReyi ingv‡bi RbgyLx PwiÎ '70 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq‡K mnR K‡iwQj|
mvims‡¶c
1969-Gi MYAv‡›`vjb wQj c~e©evsjvi BwZnv‡m wewfbœ Av‡›`vjb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU wfbœ Pwi‡Îi
Av‡›`vjb Ges wbtm‡›`‡n cvwK¯Ív‡bi 22 eQ‡ii MYAv‡›`vjbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| G
Av‡›`vj‡bi †PZbvq DÏxß n‡q evOvwj RvwZ 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡owQj
Ges †klch©šÍ ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k AR©‡b m¶g n‡qwQj| '69-Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb evOvwj
RvwZi RvZxqZvev‡`i weKvk NwU‡qwQj Ges ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi †cQ‡b Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡qwQj|
GRb¨ c~e©evsjvi Ici †_‡K cwðgv ¯^v_©v‡b¦lx gn‡ji Avwac‡Z¨i Aemvb Ges ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg
evsjv‡`k MV‡bi †cQ‡b '69-Gi MYAv‡›`vjb I MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| †jwbb AvRv`, Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb, ivóª mgvR I ivRbxwZ, BDwcGj, XvKv 1997|
2| †gRevn Kvgvj, ÔEbmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb, GKwU mgx¶v', evsjv‡`k BwZnvm mwgwZ cwÎKv|
3| †gvnv¤§` dinv`, Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 1989|
4| gI`y` Avng` (Abyev`: RMjyj Avjg), evsjv‡`k t ¯^vqËkvmb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, BDwcGj, XvKv
1992|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g msweavb iwPZ nqÑ
(K) 1952 mv‡j (L) 1954 mv‡j
(M) 1956 mv‡j (N) 1962 mv‡j|
2| AvBqye Lv‡bi Avg‡j msweavb iwPZ nqÑ
(K) 1958 mv‡j (L) 1962 mv‡j
(M) 1964 mv‡j (N) 1968 mv‡j|
3| 1969 mv‡ji 8 Rvbyqvwi 8wU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mgb¦‡q MwVZ †gvP©vi bvg wQjÑ
(K) MYZvwš¿K msMÖvg cwil` (L) hy³d«›U
(M) QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` (N) mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `j (Kc)|
4| Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi mgq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi knx` wk¶‡Ki bvgÑ
(K) Avmv`y¾vgvb (L) gwZDi
(M) kvgmy‡¾vnv (N) nvweeyi ingvb|
5| †kL gywReyi ingvb Ôe½eÜz' Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ nbÑ
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi cÖ_g ch©vq ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiyb|
2| MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi †kl ch©vq m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
3| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi †cQ‡b Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| Ebmˇii MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vcU Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| Ebmˇii MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi weKvk ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbvc~e©K Gi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
cvV-2
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• AvBqye Lv‡bi ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi cÖK…wZ I KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• cwðg cvwK¯Ívb AvBqy‡ei RbwcÖqZv n«v‡mi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• AvBqy‡ei cZ‡bi Zvr¶wYK KviY Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi ¶gZv MÖnY I Zuvi cÖwZkªywZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi BwZnv‡m AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb I ivóªbvqK wn‡m‡e Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi DÌvb GK ¸iyZ¡c~Y©
NUbv| AvBqye Lvb‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi †jŠngvbe kvmK ejv n‡Zv| wZwb c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ívb wb‡q GK
ALÛ I AwefvR¨ iv‡óªi `vwe`vi n‡jI `yb©xwZi Abymvix wQ‡jb| Avi G bxwZ‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z wM‡q
wZwb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b ¶gZv I m¤ú` cywÄf‚Z K‡ib Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Z_v eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k‡K
K‡i‡Qb wbh©vZb, †kvlY I ewÂZ| Zuvi G bxwZi weiy‡× c~e©evsjvq M‡o I‡V Zxeª AvBqye we‡ivax
Av‡›`vjb, Avi Gi mv‡_ Zuvi Af¨šÍixY fzj I `ye©jZv wg‡j †klch©šÍ Zuvi cZb NUvq|
AvBqye Lvb c~e©evsjvq wk¶v‡K msKzwPZ K‡i ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB 1962 mv‡ji wk¶v bxwZi
weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡j wZwb K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `gb K‡ib| wZwb evsjv‡K D`y©‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi
loh‡š¿ wjß wQ‡jb| wZwb evOvwji nvRvi eQ‡ii HwZn¨ 1jv ˆekvL Ges †iwWI‡Z iex›`ª m½xZ
cwi‡ekb wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi Ici Zuvi `gbbxwZ wQj N„Y¨ I nxb
loh‡š¿i cwiPvqK|
nZ¨v Kiv nq Ges 18 †deªyqvwi ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ±i W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K ¸jx K‡i nZ¨v Kiv
n‡j AvBqye we‡ivax MY Av‡›`vjb GK MYAf‚¨Ìv‡b cwiYZ nq| AvBqye Lvb cwiw¯’wZ cÖwZK‚‡j
†`‡L 22 †deªyqvwi AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i mKj ew›`‡K wbtkZ© gyw³ `vb K‡ib| Gi
ga¨w`‡q AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi cÖ_g avc iwPZ nq|
'69 mv‡ji 10 gvP© AvBqye Lvb ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z GK †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK AvnŸvb K‡ib| fvmvbx b¨vc
I fz‡Ævi wccjm cvwU© Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| AvIqvgx jxMmn K‡qKwU `j Zv‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i|
ˆeV‡K AvBqye Lvb gvÎ `y‡Uv `vwe- (1) †dWv‡ij msm`xq MYZš¿ cÖwZôv Ges (2) cÖvßeq¯‹‡`i
cÖZ¨¶ †fv‡U wbe©vPb †g‡b wb‡j AvIqvgx jxM †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|
ˆeVK †_‡K wd‡i G‡m 21 gvP© †kL gywReyi ingvb 6 `dv I 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`b|
GKB mgq cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b GK BDwbU †f‡½ 4wU ¯^Zš¿ cÖ‡`k MV‡bi `vwe RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i
Ges D³ `vwei mg_©‡b e¨vcK QvÎ-kªwgK MYAv‡›`vjb ïiy nq| d‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Avi
†Kej c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bB mxgve× bv †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i| GgZve¯’vq AvBqy‡ei
c‡¶ ¶gZvq AwawôZ _vKv Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| AvBqye Lvb DcvqvšÍi bv †`‡L 1969 mv‡ji 24 gvP©
†Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi nv‡Z ¶gZv Ac©b K‡i| Gfv‡e cÖej MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi ga¨w`‡qB AvBqye
Lv‡bi cZb nq|
mvims‡¶c
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b AvBqye Lv‡bi GK `k‡Ki kvmbKvj wewfbœ Kvi‡Y ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| hw`I
GB †jŠn gvb‡ei cwiYwZ n‡qwQj Lye AcgvbRbK| Zuvi Giƒc cwiYwZi Rb¨ cÖavbZ `vqx wQj
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb m¤ú‡K© ˆelg¨ I `gb bxwZ Ges cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b Abym„Z fzj bxwZ| ZvQvov
e¨w³MZ AnwgKv‡evaI Zuvi aŸsm †W‡K G‡bwQj| bZzb kvmK Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi d‡j
Rbg‡b Avkvi mÂvi n‡jI †hme cÖwZkªywZ w`‡q wZwb ¶gZvq Av‡mb †klch©šÍ †m¸‡jv i¶v
K‡ib| Avi ZvB GKBfv‡e wZwbI evOvwj RvwZ KZ…©K cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nb|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| mvjvnDwÏb Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm, 1947Ñ1971, XvKv, AvMvgx
cÖKvkbx, 1997|
2| wR.WweøD †PŠayix, ALÛ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kl w`b¸‡jv, XvKv, nK K_v cÖKvkbx, 1991|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| AvBqye Lvb 1958 mv‡j †h mvgwiK kvm‡Ki KvQ †_‡K ¶gZv MÖnY K‡ib Zuvi bvgÑ
(K) B¯‹v›`vi gxR©v (L) †Rbv‡ij nvwg`
(M) †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb (N) ivI digvb Avjx|
2| AvBqye Lvb MYAfy¨Ìvb †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ 1969 mv‡ji 10 gvP© †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK AvnŸvb K‡ibÑ
(K) XvKvq (L) jv‡nv‡i
(M) ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z (N) KivwP‡Z|
3| Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZv MÖnY K‡ib 1969 mv‡jiÑ
(K) 24 gvP© (L) 20 †deªyqvwi
(M) 25 gvP© (N) 27 gvP©|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi †cQ‡b Zuvi ˆelg¨g~jK bxwZ KZUzKz f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi eY©bv w`b|
3| Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi cÖwZkªywZ I Gi ev¯Íevq‡bi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi KviY wPwýZ Kiyb| wK cÖwµqvq Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZv MÖnY K‡ib Zv eY©bv
Kiyb|
cvV-3
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi cUf‚wg Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wbe©vP‡bi cÖv°v‡j cÖYxZ AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`k m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wbe©vPbx e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wbe©vP‡b ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Kg©m~wP I cÖPvivwfhvb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wbe©vP‡bi djvdj wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wbe©vP‡bi ¸iyZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weR‡qi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi 24 eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m 1970 mv‡j wØZxq mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| G wbe©vP‡b c~e©
I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKvwaK ivR‰bwZK `j AskMÖnY Ki‡jI †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq wQj j¶Yxq| wbe©vPbx djvdj HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯ÍvewfwËK c~e©vÂj‡K
GKwU c„_K AÂj wn‡m‡e cÖgvY K‡i| wbe©vP‡bi djvdj wQj Qq `dvwfwËK evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i
weRq Ges wbe©vP‡bi djvd‡ji wfwˇZ GKw`‡K cwðgv kvmKeM© c~e©evsjvi Ici Zv‡`i KZ©„‡Z¡i
ˆeaZv nvivq, Aciw`‡K ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡qi c_ cÖk¯Í K‡i|
K‡ib Ges msweavb I mKj ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib| Gici †_‡K 1969 mvj
ch©šÍ Pj‡Z _v‡K AvBqye Lv‡bi ˆ¯^ikvmb| AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbvg‡j 1960 I '62 mv‡j `y'evi
we‡ivax `jwenxb Ges 1964 mv‡j me©`jxq wbe©vP‡bi bv‡g cÖnmb Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj| Zuvi ˆ¯^ikvmb
Ges c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ ˆel‡g¨i weiy‡× 1966 mv‡j ZrKvjxb AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ
†kL gywReyi ingvb evOvwj RvwZi †gŠwjK AwaKvi I c~e©evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKv‡ii `vwe m¤^wjZ
Qq `dvwfwËK RbwcÖqZv I Av‡›`vjb `gv‡bvi j‡¶ †kL gywRe mn 35 R‡bi weiy‡× 1968 mv‡j
ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv' bvgK wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i Ges Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb‡K K‡Vvi n‡¯Í
`gb Ki‡Z _v‡K| wKšÍz AvBqye Lv‡bi GB ˆeix g‡bvfv‡e c~e©evsjvi RbMY w¶ß n‡q 1968 I '69
mv‡j GK `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| †klch©šÍ MYAv‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb 1969 mv‡ji 25
gvP© †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i c`Z¨vM K‡ib| B‡Zvc~‡e© AvMiZjv gvgjv
cÖZ¨vnvimn mKj ivRew›`‡`i gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib|
Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m 26 gvP© GK †eZvi fvl‡Y cieZx© wbe©vPb I wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i nv‡Z
¶gZv †Q‡o †`qvi cÖwZkªywZ †`b Ges 1970 mv‡ji 30 gvP© Zvwi‡Li †NvlYv Abyhvqx 1970 mv‡ji
A‡±vei gv‡mi g‡a¨ wbe©vPb AbywôZ nIqvi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| 7 wW‡m¤^i RvZxq cwil‡`i I 17
wW‡m¤^i cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL avh© nq| Z‡e 12 b‡f¤^i c~e©evsjvi wKQy A‡j fqven
NywY©So I R‡jv”Q¦vm nIqvq H me A‡j 1971 mv‡ji 17 Rvbyqvwi wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq|
S) GKB mv‡_ ejv nq msweavb iPbv Ges msweavb‡K mZ¨vwqZKiY ch©šÍ mvgwiK kvmb envj
_vK‡e|
T) †cÖwm‡W›U †NvlYv K‡ib †h, bee‡l©i cÖ_g †_‡K ivR‰bwZK ZrciZv ïiy n‡e Ges G‡¶‡Î
`j¸‡jvi Rb¨ wKQy AvPiYwewa `y'w`b ci †NvwlZ n‡e|
U) cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi cybiy¾xweZ cÖ‡`k¸‡jv 1970 mv‡ji cqjv RyjvB‡Z cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
V) 13 Rb gwnjv cÖwZwbwa wb‡q 313 Avm‡bi RvZxq cwil` n‡e Avi 621 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q n‡e
cuvPwU cÖv‡`wkK cwil`|
M. wbe©vPbx e¨e¯’vcbv
1969 mv‡ji 28 RyjvB Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi †NvlYv Abyhvqx cvwK¯Ív‡bi mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i GKRb evOvwj
wePviK wePvicwZ Avãym mvËv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU wbe©vPb Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq| G wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi
cÖv_wgK KvR wQj GKwU mve©Rbxb †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍzZ Kiv| Kwgkb mdjZvi mv‡_ G `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡iwQj| †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍzZ Kivi Rb¨ mviv †`ke¨vcx ¯’vcb Kiv nq GK weivU Kvh©Kix
e¨e¯’v hv‡Z wQj 285 Rb †iwR‡÷ªkb Awdmvi, 1,404 Rb mnKvix †iwR‡÷ªkb Awdmvi, 14,121
Rb mycvifvBRvi Ges 45,766 Rb MYbvKvix| bZzb †fvUvi ZvwjKvi cÖ¯ÍzwZ PjwQj 1969 mv‡ji
27 AvM÷ n‡Z| wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍzwZ †kl nq| ZvwjKvfz³ †fvUv‡ii g‡a¨
3,12,14,935 Rb wQj c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ges 2,52,06,263 Rb wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi| G †fvUvi
ZvwjKvq DcRvZxq Awaevmx‡`i‡K AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq|
wbe©vPbx mxgvbv wb‡`©kKi‡Yi Rb¨ wePvicwZ Avãym mvËvi‡K †Pqvig¨vb I cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'As‡ki
nvB‡Kv‡U©i GKRb K‡i wePvicwZ wb‡q GKwU Kwgkb MwVZ nq| Kwgkb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b RvZxq
cwil‡`i 58wU wbe©vPbx GjvKv Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i 96wU wbe©vPbx GjvKvq fvM K‡i Ges cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡b RvZxq cwil‡`i 39wU Ges 4wU cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i 89wU wbe©vPbx GjvKvq wef³ K‡i|
1970 mv‡ji 5 Ges 25 Ryb h_vµ‡g c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbe©vPbx GjvKviI †fvUvi P~ovšÍ
nq|
7. K…lK-kªwgK cvwU© - 4
8. b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (fvmvbx) - 14
9. cvwK¯Ívb `i`x msN - 1
10. cvwK¯—vb cvwK¯Ívb †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© - 79
11. cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg jxM (Kb‡fbkb) - 93
12. cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg jxM (KvDwÝj) - 50
13. cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg jxM (KvBqyg) - 65
14. cvwK¯Ívb b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (Iqvjx) - 39
15. cvwK¯Ívb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖm - 4
16. cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq jxM - 12
17. ¯^Zš¿ - 114
†gvU = 781
Rbmfvq fvlY `vbKv‡j e‡jb †h, cvwK¯Ív‡b Bmjvg bq, eis cyuwRev`B wecbœ n‡q‡Q| wZwb Av‡iv
e‡jb Bmjvg wecbœ nIqvi ayqv ïay wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ RbMY‡K weåvšÍ Kivi wg_¨v cÖPviYv gvÎ|
Gfv‡e wewfbœ `j wewfbœ gZvgZ wb‡q wbe©vP‡b Ask †bq| e³…Zv I wee„wZ‡Z wewfbœ `‡ji †h
mve©Rbxb Av`k© I j¶ cwijw¶Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi cÖPvivwfhv‡bi g~j welq wQj
AvÂwjKZv ev D`xqgvb evOvwj RvZxqZvev`| fz‡Ævi g~j e³e¨ wQj Zuvi ÒBmjvwg mgvRZš¿Ó Ges
Kvk¥xi mgm¨vi b¨vq fviZ- cvwK¯Ívb weev`mn ˆe‡`wkK bxwZi Ici| Wvbcš’x `j¸‡jv Bmjvgx
Av`‡k©i Ici Ges we‡`kx ÔBRg' †hgbÑ mgvRZ‡š¿i wec` †_‡K †`k i¶vi Ici †Rvi †`q|
Iqvjx Lv‡bi †gŠwjK Av`k© wQj ag©wbi‡c¶ ivRbxwZ Ges Zuvi wb‡Ri cÖ‡`‡ki AvÂwjK mgm¨vw`
mgvavb| fvmvbx Zuvi e³…Zvq `vwi`ª we‡gvP‡bi K_v e‡jb|
wbe©vPbx cÖPviYvq g~j AvKl©Y wQj †kL gywReyi ingvb I fz‡Æv| G `y'†bZvi evPbfw½ Ges R¡vjvgqx
e³…Zv RbMY‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx cÖwZkªywZ wQj RbM‡Yi wbKU
†ewk AvKl©Yxq| wbe©vPbx cÖPviYv RgRgvU n‡q DV‡j 1970 mv‡ji 12 b‡f¤^i c~e©evsjvq R‡jv”Q¦vm
†`Lv †`q| G‡Z G A‡ji gvbyl I m¤ú‡`i e¨vcK ¶wZ mvwaZ nq| fvmvbx mn KwZcq †bZv
wbe©vPb †cQv‡bvi `vwe Zzj‡jI †kL gywRe wbw`©ó mg‡q wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi `vwe‡Z AUj wQ‡jb|
Ae‡k‡l c~e©evsjvq 7 Ges 17 wW‡m¤^i h_vµ‡g †K›`ªxq Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vPb AbywôZ
nq, Avi eb¨vKewjZ 9wU Avm‡b 17 Rvbyqvwi 1971 mv‡j wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq|
P. wbe©vP‡bi djvdj
1970 mv‡ji RvZxq cwil‡`i wbe©vPbx djvdj
Q. wbe©vP‡bi ¸i“Z¡
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPbB wQj †ewk Aeva I wbi‡c¶| GRb¨ G wbe©vP‡bi
¸iyZ¡ me©vwaK| ZvQvov evOvwj RvZxqZvev` I ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡qi †cQ‡b wewfbœ
w`K †_‡K G wbe©vPb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© wQj|
1. evOvwj ¯^vZš¿¨ev‡`i weRq: 1947 mv‡ji ci †_‡KB evOvwj RvwZ fvlv-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ me©‡¶‡Î
¯^vZš¿¨ev` `vwe K‡i AvmwQj| cwðg cvwK¯Ívb bvbv Dcv‡q Zv‡`i‡K `wg‡q †i‡LwQj| 1970 mv‡ji
wbe©vP‡b evOvwji †m ¯^vZš¿¨ev‡`i weRq N‡U|
2. AvÂwjK cÖvavb¨: G wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM I wcwcwc AvÂwjK cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| d‡j Dfq
`jB GKKfv‡e †Kvb A‡ji Ici KZ…©Z¡ Kivi ˆeaZv nvivq| GKB mv‡_ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb KZ…©K
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K kvmb A‰ea e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq|
3. ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwei ˆeaZv cÖgvY: evOvwj RvwZ `xN©w`b †_‡K AvÂwjK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe wb‡q
Av‡›`vjb KiwQj| miKvi G `vwe‡K A‰ea e‡j cÖZ¨vLvb K‡iwQj| Ae‡k‡l wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi cÖwZ RbM‡Yi ivq evOvwj‡`i 6 `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwei ˆeaZv cÖgvY K‡i|
4. evOvwj RvZxqZvev` my`„pKiY: 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb †_‡K ïiy K‡i wewfbœ RvZxq ¯^v‡_©i
cÖ‡kœ Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡gi ga¨w`‡q c~e©evsjvq †h RvZxqZvev` M‡o D‡VwQj, 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b
Zv Av‡iv my`„p nq|
5. AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ¸iyZ¡ e„w×: 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b c~e©evsjvq †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b G A‡j AvIqvgx jxM Z_v †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi ¸iyZ¡
e„w× K‡i Ges cieZx© †h †Kvb RvZxq cÖ‡kœ G `‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡i welqwU ¯úó n‡q I‡V|
6. evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡q cÖfve: wbe©vP‡bi c~‡e© Bqvwnqv Lvb †NvlYv w`‡qwQ‡jb †h, wbe©vP‡b weRqx
`j †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil` MVb Ki‡e Ges RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡e| wKšÍz
wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zkfv‡e weRqx nIqvq ïiy nq lohš¿| d‡j 1971 mv‡ji 3 gvP© RvZxq
cwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ekb ïiy nIqvi K_v _vK‡jI 1 gvP© Bqvwnqv Lvb RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb
Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ †NvlYv K‡ib| Zuvi G †NvlYv †h D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z, evOvwj RvwZ Zv ¯úóB
Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj Ges Zviv GUvI Dcjwä Kij †h, hy‡×i gva¨‡gB Zv‡`i‡K ¯^vaxbZv
wQwb‡q Avb‡Z n‡e|
Bqvwnqvi †NvlYvi cÖwZev‡` c~e©evsjvq e¨vcK cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q| 2gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
eUZjvq ZrKvjxb WvKmy mn-mfvcwZ Av.m.g. ie evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ AswKZ jvj-meyR cZvKv
D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| 7 gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b)
wekvj Rbmfvq evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³msMÖv‡gi †NvlYv †`b| Gici †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i welqwU ¯úó Ges wewfbœ ¯’v‡b hy‡×i cÖ¯ÍzwZ ïiy n‡q hvq|
Bqvwnqvi †NvlYvi cÖwZev‡` c~e©evsjv AkvšÍ n‡q DV‡j 15 gvP© wZwb XvKv Av‡mb Ges 25 gvP© ch©šÍ
†kL gywReyi ingv‡bi mv‡_ e¨_© Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q hvb| Gig‡a¨ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi
ˆmb¨ I A¯¿ Avm‡Z _v‡K| 25 gvP© Bqvwnqv †Mvc‡b XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib Ges evOvwj‡`i‡K K‡Vvi n‡¯Í
`gb Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q hvb| †m iv‡ZB wbixn evOvwji Ici cwðgv evwnbx AvµgY Pvwj‡q nvRvi
nvRvi gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i Ges iv‡Z †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i cvwK¯Ívb wb‡q hvq|
†MÖdZv‡ii c~‡e©B †kL gywRe ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv Iqvi‡jm‡hv‡M PÆMÖvg cvwV‡q †`b| PÆMÖvg †_‡K
AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Ave`yj nvbœvb ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎwU 26 gvP© †`kevmx‡K Rvwb‡q †`b| 27 gvP©
B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui †gRi wRqvDi ingvb PÆMÖvg KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi
†NvlYvcÎwU cybivq cvV K‡i †`kevmx‡K Rvbvb| 26 gvP© †_‡K c~e©evsjvq e¨vcKfv‡e ïiy nq
gyw³hy×| Ae‡k‡l 9 gvme¨vcx hy‡× 30 j¶ gvby‡li cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª wn‡m‡e we‡k¦i `iev‡i cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq, 1970
mv‡ji wbe©vPb ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡qi c_ ˆZwi K‡i w`‡qwQj Ges ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×
Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡qwQj|
c~‡e©B Gme `vwe e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡iwQj| d‡j wbe©vP‡b RbmvaviY AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU
w`‡q g~jZ Zv‡`i `vwei cÖwZ mg_©b Ávcb K‡i‡Q|
wØZxqZ, cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci †_‡KB cwðgv‡ji kvmKeM© bvbv Dcv‡q c~e©vÂj‡K †kvlY
K‡i‡Q| G †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× cÖwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bK cÖvY wemR©b w`‡q‡Q| ZvB wbe©vP‡b cwðgv
`j¸‡jv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Zviv cÖwZ‡kva Av`vq K‡i‡Q|
Z…ZxqZ, wbe©vPbx cÖPviYvq †kL gywRe Bmjvwg Av`‡k©i cÖwZ kª×v †`wL‡q G A‡ji ag©cÖvY gvby‡li
mg_©b †c‡q‡Qb|
PZz_©Z, 1970 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡mi eb¨vq G A‡j Rvb-gv‡ji e¨vcK ¶wZ mvwaZ nq|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmKeM© G cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| †kL gywRe eb¨vZ© gvby‡li `ytL-`y`©kv I
miKv‡ii e¨_©Zv cÖPvi K‡i wbe©vP‡b mdjZv AR©b K‡i‡Qb|
cÂgZ, †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi e¨w³MZ B‡gR AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weR‡qi †cQ‡b BwZevPK f‚wgKv
†i‡L‡Q| †bZv wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb mevi wcÖq Ges e³v wn‡m‡e mevi D‡aŸ©| wZwb e³…Zvi gva¨‡g
gvbyl‡K mn‡R AvK…ó Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb hv wbe©vP‡b cÖfve †d‡jwQj|
lôZ, fy‡Æv GK- BDwb‡Ui K_v †NvlYv K‡i cvÄvwe‡`i wbKU RbwcÖqZv †c‡jI cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨vb¨
cÖ‡`‡ki wbKU weivMfvRb nb|
mßgZ, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AbyMZ bv n‡qI Bmjvwg mgvRZ‡š¿i K_v cÖPvi K‡i fz‡Æv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Bmjvgcš’x‡`i mg_©b cvb wb| Aciw`‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbmsL¨vi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Ask wQj A-gymjgvb| d‡j Zviv fz‡Ævi Bmjvwg cÖPviYvi wecix‡Z AvIqvgx jxM‡K mg_©b
w`‡qwQj|
AógZ, fz‡Æv mvaviY gvby‡li Kj¨vYv‡_© mgvRZ‡š¿i K_v †NvlYv K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi cyuwRcwZ‡`i
mg_©b nvivb|
begZ, m‡e©vcwi 1947 mv‡ji ci †_‡K c~e©evsjvq †h ¯^vZš¿¨ev` I c„_K RvZxqZvev` M‡o
D‡VwQj '70 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Zv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c‡¶B KvR K‡iwQj| G‡¶‡Î †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi e¨w³MZ B‡gR I mgmvgwqK †cÖ¶vcU AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq‡K mnR K‡iwQj|
mvims‡¶c
cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ¸iyZ¡ wQj Acwimxg| G wbe©vP‡bi
ga¨w`‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv c~e©v‡j kvmb Kivi ˆeaZv nvivq| Acic‡¶, wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi weRq evOvwj RvZxqZvev`‡K Av‡iv my`„p K‡i| Ae‡k‡l cwðgv kvmKeM© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
weRq‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡j Gi weiy‡× cÖwZev`, cÖwZ‡iva I †klch©šÍ gyw³ hy‡×i m~Pbv nq Ges G
hy‡× †klch©šÍ evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`iB weRq nq| ZvB ejv hvq, 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi g‡a¨
¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki exR wbwnZ wQj|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ, evsjv‡`k: RvwZiv‡óªi D™¢e, XvKv, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 2000|
2| wR.WweøD. †PŠayix, ALÛ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kl w`b¸wj, XvKv, nK Kbv cÖKvkbx, 1991|
3| gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q I †kL gywRe, XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1998|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv †`b 1969 mv‡jiÑ
(K) 25 gvP© (L) 26 gvP©
(M) 30 gvP© (N) 5 GwcÖj|
2| 1970 mv‡ji RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡bi w`b avh© nq h_vµ‡gÑ
(K) 7 wW‡m¤^i Ges 17 wW‡m¤^i (L) 5 wW‡m¤^i I 10 wW‡m¤^i
(M) 17 wW‡m¤^i I 27 wW‡m¤^i (N) †KvbwUB bq|
3| Bqvwnqv Lvb wbe©vP‡bi cÖv°v‡j †h Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib Zvi bvgÑ
(K) Ge‡Wv (L) †cv‡Wv
(M) RbwbivcËv AvBb (N) AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av`k|
4| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b RvZxq cwil‡` gwnjv Avmb wb‡q †gvU Avmb msL¨v wQjÑ
(K) 300 (L) 621
(M) 313 (N) 350|
5| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi mgq cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi wQ‡jbÑ
(K) nvgy`yi ingvb (L) Ave`ym mvËvi
(M) Gm.G. ingvb (N) gKmygyj nvwKg|
6| RvZxq cwil` wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØw›`¡ZvKvixi msL¨v wQjÑ
(K) 600 (L) 750
(M) 781 (N) 650|
7| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnYKvix `‡ji msL¨v wQjÑ
(K) 24 (L) 30
(M) 15 (N) 14|
8| AvIqvgx jxM RvZxq cwil‡` gwnjv Avmbmn †gvU Avmb jvf K‡iÑ
(K) 162wU (L) 160wU
(M) 167wU (N) 170wU|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`k ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
2| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPbx e¨e¯’vcbvi Ici msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
3| GB wbe©vP‡bi djvdj m¤ú‡K© GKwU UxKv wjLyb|
4| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi djvdj wKfv‡e evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi Afy¨`‡q f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi cÖv°v‡j †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb KZ…©K cÖYxZ AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv Av‡`k
m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c eY©bv w`b| wbe©vP‡b wewfbœ `‡ji Ae¯’vb wbY©q Kiyb|
2| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b wewfbœ `‡ji Kg©m~wP Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weR‡qi KviY
e¨vL¨vmn GB wbe©vP‡bi djvdj g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
cvV-4
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
1971 mv‡ji Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU/cUf‚wg Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
7 gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi e³…Zvi HwZnvwmK ¸iyZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨vwß I Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci †_‡K ïiy K‡i 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© ch©šÍ Pjgvb Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb
wQj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi cÖ_g ce©| wbe©vP‡bi djvd‡ji wfwˇZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi nv‡Z ¶gZv
n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii †¶‡Î ¶gZvmxb mvgwiK miKv‡ii Ah_v Mwogwm I cÖZviYv Ges cvwK¯Ívb wccjm cvwU©i
†bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Ævi Amn‡hvwMZv wQj G Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb KviY| G
Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨vwß wQj LyeB e¨vcK Ges Zvrch©c~Y©| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi mvdj¨RbK cwiYwZ‡Z evOvwj
RvwZ hy‡×i gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívwb kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡q ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv K‡i|
†NvlYv K‡ib cvwK¯Ív‡bi †KD XvKvq RvZxq cwil` Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡j Zvi wbR `vwq‡Z¡ Zv
Ki‡eb| Gi †cQ‡b wZwb KviY wn‡m‡e bZzb msweavb cÖYqb Zuvi `‡ji gZvgZ‡K cÖvavb¨ cÖ`v‡bi
`vwe QvovI c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Zvi I wbe©vwPZ Acivci m`m¨‡`i Ici fviZxq nvgjvi ARynvZ †`Lvb|
d‡j cwiw¯’wZ A‡bKUv inm¨gq n‡q I‡V| Gw`‡K AvIqvgx jxM 6 `dvi wfwˇZ cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi I
cÖv‡`wkK AvB‡bi Lmov ˆZwii Kv‡R AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| 18 †deªyqvwi RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Æv cwÎKvq
GK PvÂj¨Ki e³e¨ cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb XvKv G‡m AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mv‡_ Av‡cvl Av‡jvPbv
Aev¯Íe I Am¤¢e †NvlYv K‡ib| 22 †deªyqvwi fz‡Æv msKU wbim‡b 5 `dv Ôdgy©jv' †ck K‡ib| G‡Z
wZwb mKj cÖ‡`‡ki Rb¨ mgvb cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i `vwe †Zv‡jb Ges GR‡b¨ †K‡›`ª GKwU wØK¶ wewkó
AvBb cwil` MV‡bi K_vI e‡jb|
fz‡Ævi Gme AmsjMœ e³…Zv-wee„wZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K DwØMœ K‡i †Zv‡j|
Zuviv 6 `dv I 11 `dvi wfwˇZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K AvnŸvb
Rvbvb| G Ae¯’vq 27 †deªyqvwi AvIqvgx jxM cvj©v‡g›Uvwi cvwU©‡Z †kL gywReyi ingvb-Gi
mfvcwZ‡Z¡ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Lmov kvmbZš¿ †ck Kiv nq| GKB w`b fz‡Æv RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb
†cQv‡bv n‡j wZwb †hvM`vb Ki‡eb e‡j †NvlYv †`b| Ab¨_vq wZwb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b Av‡›`vj‡bi
ûgwK †`b| Gmgq Bqvwnqv Lvb fz‡Ævi ûgwKi Kv‡Q bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i 1 gvP© Zvwi‡L nVvr †eZvi
gva¨‡g RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ †NvlYv K‡ib|
3. QvÎ I kªwgK‡`i Kg©m~wP: RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvwlZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ c~e©evsjvi
QvÎ mgvR, kªwgK, miKvwi-†emiKvwi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix Z_v mvaviY gvbyl we‡¶v‡f †d‡U c‡o|
wewfbœ RvqMvq RbZv cvK †mbv‡`i AvµgY K‡i| msN‡l© eû‡jvK wbnZ I AvnZ nq| Hw`b
e½eÜzi wb‡`©‡k QvÎjxM mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`K h_vµ‡g b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx I kvnRvnvb
wmivR Ges WvKmyi mn-mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`K h_vµ‡g Av.m.g. Avãyi ie I Ave`yj KzÏym
gvLb- G Pvi †bZv wg‡j GK ˆeV‡K Ô¯^vaxb evsjv QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`' MVb K‡ib| G QvÎ msMV‡bi
D‡`¨v‡M ciw`b †`ke¨vcx QvÎjxM I kªwgKjxM ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡i| Hw`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q
Av‡qvwRZ GK QvÎ mgv‡e‡k evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| 3 gvP© cëb gq`v‡b we‡¶vf
mgv‡ek Av‡qvRb K‡i e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb mgv‡e‡k cÖavb AwZw_i fvlY †`b| mgv‡e‡k
QvÎjxM 5 `dvwfwËK cÖ¯—ve MÖnY K‡iÑ
K. cvwK¯Ívb Jcwb‡ekev`x kw³i †mbvevwnbxi G RNb¨ nZ¨vKv‡Ûi cÖwZev‡` cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb
M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e,
L. ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AskMÖnYKvix AvnZ evOvwj fvB‡`i euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨evb evOvwj fvB‡`i
eøvW e¨vs‡K i³ cÖ`vb,
M. cvwK¯Ívwb Jcwb‡ekev‡`i Kej †_‡K gy³ n‡q ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvq †kvlYnxb mgvR
e¨e¯’v Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨ mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ I wb‡f©Rvj MYZš¿ cÖwZôv K‡i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k
K…lK-kªwgK ivR Kv‡q‡gi kc_ MÖnY,
N. ¯^vaxb evsjvi RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ c~Y© Av¯’v Ges
O. Ges mfv `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l evsjvi cÖwZwU bi-bvix‡K e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjvi
¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hvIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvq|
cë‡b Hw`b QvÎjxM GK Bk‡Znvi †NvlYv K‡i hv Ò¯^vaxbZvi Bk‡ZnviÓ bv‡g wPwýZ nq| G‡Z
ejv nqÑ
1. ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 54 nvRvi 5kZ 6 eM©gvBj we¯Í„Z †fŠ‡MvwjK
GjvKvi 7 †KvwU gvby‡li AvevwmK f‚wg wn‡m‡e ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg G iv‡óªi bvg Òevsjv‡`kÓ|
(K) c„w_exi ey‡K evOvwji mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi c~Y© weKv‡ki e¨e¯’v,
(L) mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ Pvjy K‡i K…lK-kªwgK ivR Kv‡qg Kiv,
(M) evK, e¨w³ I msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZvmn wb‡f©Rvj MYZš¿ Kv‡qg Kiv|
2. evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ Kg©cš’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡eÑ
(K) cÖwZwU A‡j Ò¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg KwgwUÓ MVb,
(L) RbMY‡K HK¨e× Kiv,
(M) gyw³evwnbx MVb,
(N) mv¤úª`vwqK g‡bvfve Ges
(O) jyUZivR I wnsmvZ¥K Kvh©Kjvc cwinvi|
3. ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi aviv n‡e wbæiƒcÑ
(K) eZ©gvb miKvi‡K we‡`kx miKvi MY¨ K‡i Gi mKj AvBb‡K †e-AvBbx we‡ePbv,
(L) AevOvwj †mbvevwnbx‡K kÎy‰mb¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ges G‡`i LZg Kiv,
(M) G‡`i mKj cÖKvi U¨v·-LvRbv †`qv eÜ,
(N) AvµgYiZ kw³‡K cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z mk¯¿ cÖ¯ÍzwZ MÖnY,
(O) ˆeÁvwbK I MYgyLx `„wó wb‡q msMVb M‡o †Zvjv,
(P) ¯^vaxb †`‡ki RvZxq m½xZ wn‡m‡e ÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm' e¨eüZ
n‡e,
(Q) cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb `ªe¨ eR©b I me©vZ¥K Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv,
(R) cvwK¯Ívwb cZvKv cywo‡q evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv e¨envi,
(S) ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvgiZ exi‡`i mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb|
4. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki me©vwabvqK|
cëb Rbmfvq 4 gvP© †_‡K 6 gvP© ch©šÍ cÖwZw`b Aa©‡ejv niZvj cvj‡bi †NvlYv †`qv nq| QvÎ
mgv‡Ri Bk‡Znv‡ii cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q †`‡k kªwgK, Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvwi Z_v Avcvgi RbZv
mwµqfv‡e niZvj cvjb K‡i| XvKv †eZvi I †Uwjwfkb wkíxiv Zv‡`i Abyôvb eR©b K‡i| QvÎ-
wk¶K, AvBbRxexMY Zv‡`i Kg©¯’j Z¨vM K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b GKvZ¥Zv †NvlYv K‡ib| G wZbw`‡bi
niZv‡j XvKv mn mgMÖ †`‡k Av‡›`vjb Zz‡½ I‡V| wewfbœ ¯’v‡b msN‡l© cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z eû †jvK
AvnZ I wbnZ nq| Bqvwnqv Lvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z fxZ mš¿¯Í n‡q AMZ¨v 6 gvP© Zvwi‡L †eZvi fvl‡Y
XvKvq 25 gvP© cybivq RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸvb K‡ib| †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui G †NvlYv c~e©evsjvi
we¶zä gvbyl‡K Avk¦¯Í Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| evOvwji Awemsevw`Z †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvbI †m †NvlYvq
Z…ß n‡Z cv‡ib wb| d‡j 7 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb) e„nËi Av‡›`vj‡bi
Kg©m~wP †NvlYvi Rb¨ wekvj Rbmfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq|
_vK‡jb| 10 gvP© miKvi GK mvgwiK Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i| G‡Z ejv nq ˆmb¨‡`i Lv`¨ mieiv‡n
†Kv‡bv cÖKvi evav cÖ`vb Kiv Pj‡e bv Ges G‡Z K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi ûgwK cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wKšÍz Zuvi G
ûgwK evOvwj‡K `gv‡Z cv‡i wb| mKj Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡K Kg©¯’‡j †hvM †`qvi K‡Vvi wb‡`©k w`‡jI
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| 13 gvP© †iwWI cvwK¯Ívb KivwP †K‡›`ªi L¨vZbvgv evsjv Lei
cvVK miKvi KweiDwÏb †iwWI cvwK¯Ívb eR©b K‡ib| ¯^vaxb evsjv msMÖvg cwil` GK wee„wZ‡Z
evg©v B÷vb©, G‡mv, cvwK¯Ívb b¨vkbvj A‡qjm, `vD` †c‡Uªvwjqvg‡K †mbvevwnbxi e¨env‡ii R‡b¨
†Kvb cÖKvi R¡vjvbx I ˆZj mieivn Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡ib| 13 gvP© miKvi cybivq mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi
K‡i| 14 gvP© fz‡Æv GK Aev¯Íe cÖ¯Ív‡e c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô `‡ji nv‡Z ¶gZv †Q‡o
†`qvi dgy©jv †`b| e½eÜz Gme K_vq Kvb bv w`‡q 14 gvP© 35 `dvwfwËK GK wb‡`©kbvgv Rvwi
K‡ib| G‡Z ejv nqÑ
K. mKj miKvwi wefvMmg~n, mwPevjq, nvB‡KvU©, Avav-¯^vqËkvwmZ ms¯’vmg~n c~‡e©i g‡ZvB eÜ
_vK‡e,
L. evsjv‡`‡ki mKj wk¶v cÖwZôvb eÜ _vK‡e,
M. †Rjv cÖkvmK I gnKzgv cÖkvmKMY Awdm bv Ly‡j AvIqvgx jxM I msMÖvg cwil‡`i
mn‡hvwMZvq kvwšÍ-k„´Ljv i¶vi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb,
N. cywjk wefvMI Abyiƒcfv‡e KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb,
O. †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, msev`cÎ Pvjy _vK‡e| Z‡e MYAv‡›`vj‡bi Lei cÖPvi bv Ki‡j Kgx©iv
Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e bv,
P. Ki-LvRbv †`qv eÜ _vK‡e,
Q. Z‡e †Kvb Ki Av`vq‡hvM¨ ev Av`vqK…Z _vK‡j Zv evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii GKvD‡›U Rgv n‡e|
e½eÜzi Av‡`k Rvwii ci c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cÖZ¨¶ wbqš¿Y g~jZ A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvq|
†Kej ˆmb¨evwnbx e¨ZxZ me©Î e½eÜzi wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ nq| Ae¯’v Dcjwä K‡i Bqvwnqv 15 gvP©
XvKv md‡i Av‡mb Ges e½eÜzi mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi cÖ¯Íve †`b| e½eÜz cÖ¯Ív‡e
ivwR n‡jI Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ibwb| 16 gvP© †_‡K Av‡jvPbv ïiy nq| 22 gvP© nVvr
RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Æv XvKv Av‡mb Ges Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ 19 gvP© Rq‡`ecy‡i wbixn
gvby‡li Ici cvK †mbv‡`i nvgjv I nZ¨v Av‡jvPbv‡K e¨_© K‡i †`q| 25 gvP© Bqvwnqv I fz‡Æv
XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| Avi Gw`bB ga¨iv‡Z evOvwji Ici †b‡g Av‡m Pig AvNvZ| IB Kv‡jviv‡Z cvK
†mbviv eû evOvwj‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i|
1971 mv‡ji Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Zvrch© Acwimxg| G Av‡›`vjb wQj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi
cÖ¯ÍzwZ ce©| G Av‡›`vjb cvwK¯Ívb kvm‡bi fxZ‡K `ye©j K‡i †`q| evOvwj cÖgvY Kij Zv‡`i wbKU
cvK miKv‡ii wb‡`©‡ki †Kvb g~j¨ †bB| Aciw`‡K e½eÜzi wb‡`©k †h c~e©evsjvq KZUzKz MÖnY‡hvM¨
ZvB cÖgvwYZ n‡jv| g~jZ 1 gvP© †_‡K 25 gv‡P©i mvgwiK n¯Í‡¶c ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívwb cÖkvmb m¤ú~Y©
APj n‡q c‡o Ges †`k cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K e½eÜzi wb‡`©‡k| wZwbB n‡q I‡Vb miKvi cÖavb
Ges Zuvi avbgwÛ¯’ evmfeb cwiYZ nq e„wUk cÖavbgš¿xi 10 WvDwbs w÷ª‡Ui Abyiƒc| 7 gv‡P©i
e³…Zvq e½eÜz GKw`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kvlY, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg, Kg©m~wP, cvwK¯Ívwb
nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K cÖwZ‡iva Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b hvi hv wKQy Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q Zv‡`i †gvKv‡ejvi wb‡`©k
†`b| GB fvl‡Y wZwb ¯^vaxbZvi K_v Ggbfv‡e D”PviY Ki‡jb hv‡Z †NvlYvi wKQy evwK iBj bv,
Ab¨w`‡K kvmK‡Mvôxi c‡¶ Zuvi weiy‡× ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv DÌvc‡bi Awf‡hvM MÖnYI mnR wQj bv|
d‡j evOvwj RvwZ Zuvi GB e³…Zvq ¯^vaxbZvi evYx †c‡q ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q M‡o Zzj‡Z _v‡K gyw³evwnbx
hviv 25 gv‡P©i Avµg‡Yi ci cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| ZvB 7 gv‡P©i e³…Zv I Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vjb evOvwj RvwZ‡K HK¨e× Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z wk¶v w`‡q‡Q| ej‡Z †M‡j Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vjb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi ïiy nq| gyw³hy‡×i b'gvm e½eÜzi H fvlY ¯^vaxb evsjv
†eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K ÔeRªKÉ' bv‡g cÖPvwiZ nq hv evOvwj‡K ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q|
mvims‡¶c
1971 mv‡ji Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb gyw³hy‡×i cUf‚wg iPbvi †cQ‡b g~j `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q|
wbe©vP‡bvËi ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡i Mwogwm, cÖZviYv I wbwe©Pv‡i evOvwj nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` evOvwj RvwZ
cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiy‡× †h `ye©vi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQj Zv †klch©šÍ mk¯¿
¯^vaxbZv I gyw³i msMÖv‡g iƒc jvf K‡i| Avi cvwK¯Ívb miKvi †klch©šÍ evOvwji Kv‡Q gv_v
bZ Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| gI`y` Avng`, evsjv‡`k: ¯^vqËkvmb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, XvKv, BDwcGj, 1996|
2| Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ, evsjv‡`k : RvwZiv‡óªi D™¢e, XvKv, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 2000|
3| †gvnv¤§` nvbbvb, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm, XvKv, ÷z‡W›U I‡qR, 1992|
4| gbmyi gymv (m¤úvw`Z), evsjv‡`k, XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1994|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| Bqvwnqv Lvb XvKvq AbywôZe¨ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’vwMZ K‡ib 1971 mv‡jiÑ
(K) 1 Rvbyqvwi (L) 1 †deªyqvwi
(M) 1 gvP© (N) 7 gvP©|
2| ¯^vaxbZvi Bk‡Znvi cÖ_g †NvwlZ nqÑ
(K) AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rbmfvq (L) QvÎ BDwbq‡bi Rbmfvq
(M) 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Y (N) QvÎjx‡Mi Rbmfvq|
3| Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Pv‡c Bqvwnqv Lvb XvKvq cybivq RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸvb
K‡ibÑ
(K) 7 gvP© (L) 25 gvP©
(M) 1 GwcÖj (N) 25 GwcÖj|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci †_‡K 1 gv‡P© Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ
†NvlYv ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi eY©bv w`b|
2| 1971 mv‡ji 3 gvP© cëb gq`v‡b QvÎjx‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi ivR‰bwZK ¸iyZ¡
wjLyb|
3| e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i e³…Zvi Zvrch© wjLyb|
4| 1971 mv‡ji 1Ñ25 gvP© ch©šÍ evOvwj RvwZi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨vwß ch©v‡jvPbv Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| 1971 mv‡ji Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU eY©bv Kiyb| †kL gywR‡ei 7 gv‡P©i e³…Zvi ¸iyZ¡
we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbvc~e©K Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
cvV-5
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
25 gv‡P© cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi msNwUZ MYnZ¨vi cÖ¯ÍzwZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
evOvwj nZ¨v cwiKíbv ÔAcv‡ikb mvP©jvBU' m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡eb;
25 gv‡P©i MYnZ¨v I gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© iv‡Z cvK‡mbv KZ…©K wbi¯¿ evOvwj‡`i wbwe©Pv‡i MYnZ¨v we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m GK
Kv‡jv Aa¨v‡qi ms‡hvRb K‡i| we‡k¦ ¯^vaxbZvKvgx mvaviY RbZv‡K Giƒc nZ¨vi bwRi Lye KgB
†`Lv hvq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ZrKvjxb kvmK gn‡ji bvMcvk †_‡K gyw³i j‡¶ Av‡›`vjbiZ evOvwj‡`i
¯^vaxbZvi AvKv•¶v wPi`wgZ Kivi j‡¶B G nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡bv nq| wKšÍz A`g¨ evOvwj RvwZ
MYnZ¨vi weiy‡× iy‡L `uvovq Ges ïiy K‡i gyw³i Rb¨ hy×|
MYnZ¨vi cÖ¯ÍzwZ
cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© iv‡Z ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h MYnZ¨vg~jK Awfhvb
Pvwj‡qwQj Zvi bvg w`‡qwQj ÔAcv‡ikb mvP© jvBU'| 25 gvP© G Acv‡ikb msNwUZ n‡jI g~jZ Gi
cÖ¯ÍzwZ Pj‡Z _v‡K gv‡P©i cÖ_g †_‡K| ev¯Íe Ae¯’v we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, 1 gv‡P©i c~‡e© iscyi
mxgvšÍ †_‡K U¨vsK¸‡jv‡K XvKvq Avbv ïiy nq| 1 gvP© n‡Z †mbv cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
n‡Z cwð‡g cvVv‡bv ïiy nq| †emvgwiK †cvlv‡K mvgwiK †jvKRb cwðg cvwK¯Ívb n‡Z c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b Avm‡Z ïiy K‡i| 3 gvP© †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K AvMZ A¯¿ I im` †evSvB Gg.wf.
†mvqvZ RvnvR PÆMÖvg e›`‡i A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| 7 gvP© wU°v Lvb‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i K‡i
cvVv‡bv nq| 9 gvP© miKvi mKj we‡`kx‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Z¨v‡Mi wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡i| G mg‡qi g‡a¨
B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj Awdmvi‡`i Qwo‡q wQwU‡q †`qv nq Ges ˆmb¨‡`i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b
cvVv‡bv nq| 15 gvP© Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi XvKv AvMgb Ges 24 gvP© ch©šÍ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi mv‡_
Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q hvIqv cÖnmb Qvov Avi wKQyB wQj bv| g~jZ G my‡hv‡M Bqvwnqv Lvb †kL gywR‡ei
gb¯ÍvwË¡K Ae¯’v hvPvB I ˆmb¨ mieiv‡ni my‡hvM m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY, GKw`‡K 16 gvP© †_‡K
mg‡SvZv ˆeVK ïiy nq, Aciw`‡K 17 gvP© †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb, †j. †R. Lvw`g †nv‡mb I ivI
digvb Avjx Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU P~ovšÍ K‡ib| 19 gvP© †_‡K c~e©evsjvq B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui
evOvwj ˆmb¨‡`i wbi¯¿xKiY ïiy n‡q hvq| GKB w`b Rq‡`ecy‡i evOvwj ˆmb¨‡`i wbi¯¿ Ki‡Z †M‡j
msNl© euv‡a| 20 gvP© miKvi RbMY‡K wbi¯¿xKi‡Yi j‡¶ A¯¿ Rgv †`qvi wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡i Ges
†Rbv‡ij nvwg` K¨v›Ub‡g›U n‡Z K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U NyivNywi ïiy K‡ib| Hw`b †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb Zuvi
mvgwiK Dc‡`óv †Rbv‡ij nvwg` Lvb, †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb, †Rbv‡ij cxiRv`v, †Rbv‡ij Igi,
†Rbv‡ij wU°v cÖgyL‡K wb‡q XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U mvgwiK cÖ¯ÍzwZ‡K c~Y©v½ iƒc †`b| G mgq cÖwZw`b
6wU †_‡K 17wU ch©šÍ wc.AvB.G. d¬vBU, †evwqs 707 wegvb ˆmb¨ I im` wb‡q XvKv Avm‡Zv Ges
AmsL¨ RvnvR ˆmb¨ I A¯¿k¯¿ †evSvB n‡q PÆMÖvg e›`‡i A‡c¶v KiwQj| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ PÆMÖvg
†bŠevwnbxi kw³ e„w×mn c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK kw³ wظ‡Yi †ewk e„w× Kiv nq| 24 gvP© PÆMÖvg
e›`‡i Gg.wf.†mvqvZ †_‡K A¯¿ I im` Lvjvm ïiy nq| 25 gvP© MYnZ¨vi Rb¨ †e‡Q †bqv nq| XvKv
kn‡ii g~j `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx‡K| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ Acv‡ik‡bi wb‡æv³
cwiKíbv Kiv nqÑ
1. wcjLvbvq Aew¯’Z 22 b¤^i evjyP †iwR‡g›U we‡`ªvnx 5 nvRvi evOvwj B.wc.Avi. †mbv‡K wbi¯¿
Ki‡e Ges Zv‡`i †eZvi †K›`ª `Lj Ki‡e|
2. 32 bs cvÄve †iwR‡g›U ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b GK nvRvi evOvwj cywjk‡K wbi¯¿ Ki‡e|
3. 18bs cvÄve †iwR‡g›U bevecyi I cyi‡bv XvKv kn‡i nvgjv Pvjv‡e|
4. 22 bs evjyP, 18 bs I 32 bs cvÄve †iwR‡g‡›Ui evQvB Kiv GK`j ˆmb¨ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
BKevj nj (eZ©gvb Rûiyj nK nj) I RMbœv_ nj Ges cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wjqvKZ nj
AvµgY Ki‡e|
5. we‡kl mvwf©m MÖy‡ci GK cøvUzb Kgv‡Ûv ˆmb¨ †kL gywR‡ei evwo AvµgY Ki‡e Ges Zuv‡K RxešÍ
a‡i Avb‡e|
6. wdì †iwR‡g›U wØZxq ivRavbx Ges wenvwi‡`i GjvKv (wgicyi-†gvnv¤§`cyi) cvnviv w`‡e|
7. fq †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ U¨vsK en‡ii GKwU †QvU †¯‹vqvWªb ˆZwi _vK‡e| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zviv
†Mvjvel©Y Ki‡e|
8. Dch©y³ ˆmb¨iv iv¯Ívq cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m¤§yLxb n‡j Zv aŸsm K‡i †`‡e Ges ZvwjKvfz³ ivR‰bwZK
†bZv‡`i evwo‡Z nvbv †`‡e|
Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU
g~j cwiKíbvq wQj ivZ 1.00Uv †_‡K Acv‡ikb Pvjv‡bv n‡e| wKšÍz c‡_ wej¤^ n‡e †f‡e ˆmb¨iv
11.30 Uvi mgq iv¯Ívq †ewi‡q c‡o| G mgq cÖ_g Avµg‡Yi wkKvi nq dvg©‡MBU GjvKvq iv¯Ívq
wgwQjiZ gyw³Kvgx evOvwjiv| cvK †mbv‡`i ¸wj‡Z gyn‚‡Z©i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i Kɇiva n‡q hvq| GKB
mv‡_ AvµgY Pvjv‡bv nq wcjLvbv I ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b| evOvwj ˆmb¨iv cÖ_gve¯’vq
cvK‡mbv‡`i cÖwZnZ Kivi †Póv K‡i wKšÍz wKQy¶Y hy× Kivi ci cvK‡mbv‡`i AvaywbK A‡¯¿i gy‡L
Zviv nvi gvb‡Z eva¨ nq| G my‡hv‡M cvK‡mbviv †m iv‡Z Zv‡`i‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| D‡jøL¨
†h, Acv‡ikb 25 gvP© †klj‡Mœ ïiy n‡jI Nwoi mgq Abyhvqx Zv 26 gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i Mwo‡q hvq|
ivZ 1.30 Uvi mgq †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq|
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq nj¸‡jv‡Z AvµgY ïiy nq Mfxi iv‡Z| cÖ_‡g ZrKvjxb BKevj n‡j (Rûiyj nK
nj) AvµgY Pvjv‡bv nq| QvÎiv Zv‡`i mvaviY A¯¿ wb‡q cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z wM‡q e¨_© nq| †mw`b
cvK‡mbviv Rûiyj nK n‡j i‡KU w`‡q nvgjv Pvjvq| d‡j Qv·`i eB-LvZv, AvmevecÎ me Av¸‡b
cy‡o hvq Ges A‡b‡K wbnZ nq| GQvov cvK‡mbviv K‡¶ Xz‡K ¸wj K‡i A‡bK Qv·K nZ¨v K‡i|
GKBfv‡e RMbœv_ n‡jI bviKxq nZ¨v Pvjv‡bv nq| kZ kZ Qv‡Îi jvk †mw`b RMbœv_ n‡ji
wmuwo‡Z, eviv›`vq I iv¯Ívq ¯Ízc n‡q c‡owQj| ïay QvÎ bq, n‡j `vwqZ¡cÖvß AvevwmK wk¶K‡KI
nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| QvÎx nj †iv‡Kqv n‡j P‡jwQj wbg©g cvkweK wbh©vZb| †mw`b cvK‡mbv‡`i
¸wj‡Z I cvkweK wbh©vZ‡b cÖvY w`‡qwQj eû ZiyYx|
25 gvP© iv‡Z GKBfv‡e MYnZ¨v P‡jwQj cyiv‡bv XvKvq, KPy‡¶Z, †ZRMuvI, Bw›`iv †ivW, wgicyi,
†gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv wegvbe›`‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i, iv‡qi evRvi, MYKUyjx, avbgwÛ, KjvevMvb, KuvVvjevMvb
cÖf…wZ ¯’v‡b| G Avµg‡Y Ask wb‡qwQ‡jv c~e©evsjvq emevmKvix wenvixiv| Zviv cvK‡mbv‡`i c_
†`wL‡qwQj Ges evOvwj‡`i m¤ú` jyÉb K‡iwQj| Gw`b PÆMÖv‡g cvK‡mbv‡`i ¸wj‡Z 20 Rb wbnZ
nq| GKBfv‡e †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ GjvKv †hLv‡b †mbvwbevm wQj †mLv‡b MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡bv nq|
25 gvP© iv‡Z ZrKvjxb Bs‡iwR ˆ`wbK Ôw` wccjm', evsjv ÔB‡ËdvK' I Ômsev`' cwÎKvi Awd‡m
Av¸b †`qv nq| G‡Z eû cwÎKvKgx© Av¸‡b cy‡o wbnZ nq|
25 gv‡P©i MYnZ¨v m¤ú‡K© hv‡Z cwÎKvq msev` cÖPvi bv Ki‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ †`kx I we‡`kx
mvsevw`K‡`i c~‡e©B ew›` K‡i ivLv n‡qwQj Ges ciw`b we‡`kx mvsevw`K‡`i‡K Zvr¶wYK
†`kZ¨v‡M eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| Gi g‡a¨I wKQy mvsevw`K Zuv‡`i cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZv Zuv‡`i †jLbx‡Z
¯’vb w`‡qwQj| 25 gvP© wb‡q †jLv gvwK©b mvsevw`K ievU© †cBb-Gi Ôg¨vmvKvi', Gš’wb
g¨vmKv‡ibnvm-Gi Ôw` †ic Ae evsjv‡`k' Ges cvwK¯Ívwb †jLK wmwÏK mvwjK-Gi ÔDBU‡bm Uz
mv‡iÛvi' MÖš’ Ab¨Zg| Gme MÖ‡š’i weeiY †_‡K Rvbv hvq ïay 25 gvP© iv‡Z XvKvq 7,000 R‡bi
†ewk evOvwj knx` nb| Aciw`‡K cvwK¯Ívwb miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msKU' m¤ú‡K©
cÖKvwkZ †k¦Zc‡Î D‡jøL Kiv nq 1 gvP© †_‡K 25 gvP© ch©šÍ cÖvq 1 j¶ AevOvwj wbnZ nq| Gme
wenvix‡`i i¶v mn †`‡k AvBb-k„´Ljv cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y Avb‡Z 25 gvP© mvgwiK n¯Í‡¶‡ci
cÖ‡qvRb nq e‡j G‡Z D‡jøL Kiv nq|
mvims‡¶c
1971 mv‡ji 25 gv‡P©i wbg©g MYnZ¨v gvbe BwZnv‡m GK Kj¼RbK Aa¨vq m~wPZ K‡i‡Q|
we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m Ggb gvbeZv we‡ivax NUbv weij| cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb bi-wckvPiv evOvwj RvwZ‡K
wPiZ‡i ¯Íä K‡i †`qvi j‡¶ G ee©‡ivwPZ NUbvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| wKšÍz evOvwj RvwZ Zv‡Z wcQcv
bv n‡q ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³i AvKv´Lvq gË n‡q AMÖmi nq Ges †klch©šÍ P~ovšÍ weRq AR©‡b m¶g
nq|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| gbmyi gymv, evOjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg, XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1994)|
2| gvndzRyi ingvb, evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x msMÖvg gyw³hy‡× PÆMÖvg, PÆMÖvg, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg
I gyw³hy× M‡elYv †K›`ª, 1993|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx 25 gvP© MYnZ¨v cwiKíbvi bvg w`‡qwQjÑ
(K) Acv‡ikb R¨vKcU (L) Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU
(M) XvKv Acv‡ikb (N) †mbv Acv‡ikb|
2| Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU cwiKíbvi cÖe³v wQ‡jbÑ
(K) ivI digvb Avjx (L) wU°v Lvb
(M) †Rbv‡ij nvwg` (N) Bqvwnqv Lvb|
3| 25 gvP© cÖ_g cvK‡mbv‡`i wbg©g MYnZ¨vi wkKvi nqÑ
(K) XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq (L) dvg©‡MB‡U wgwQjiZ evOvwjiv
(M) wcjLvbvi BwcAvi (N) cyivb XvKv|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
2| 25 gvP© MYnZ¨vi weiy‡× evOvwj RvwZi Zvr¶wYK cÖwZwµqv wK wQj?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx KZ©„K msNwUZ MYnZ¨vi cwiKíbv ÔAcv‡ik mvP©jvBU'-
Gi eY©bv w`b| 25 gv‡P©i MYnZ¨v wKfv‡e gyw³hyׇK Zivw¤^Z K‡i?
cvV-6
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi †cÖ¶vcU eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi `wjj m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡Z cvi‡eb;
• ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi cÖwZwµqv I ¸iyZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c„w_exi `y'wU †`‡k ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv †`qv n‡qwQj| GKwU gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª Ges Ab¨wU 1971 mv‡j
evsjv‡`‡k| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv wQj G‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi gvBjdjK I †cÖiYvi Drm|
wewfbœ mg‡q GKvwaK e¨w³ KZ…©K ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cÖPvwiZ n‡jI Gi welqe¯Íz I wb‡`©kbv wQj
GKB Ges G‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei KZ…©Z¡ I †bZ…Z¡ ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q| Gme †NvlYvi d‡j evOvwj‡`i
c‡¶ mk¯¿ gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q cov m¤¢e nq Ges Zvi BwáZ weRq AR©b mnR nq|
cywjkx wbh©vZb I QvÎ-RbZv nZ¨v Ges miKv‡ii Mfxi loh‡š¿i cÖwZev‡` 7 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M (†mvnivIqv`x© D‡`¨vb) GK Rbmfvi AvnŸvb Kiv nq| mvaviY RbM‡Yi
cÖZ¨vkv wQj H w`b e½eÜz ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv w`‡eb| Aciw`‡K cvwK¯Ívb miKviI Hw`bwUi cÖwZ
Kov bRi iv‡L Ges ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv D”PvwiZ n‡j Kov G¨vKkb †bIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍzZ wQj| e½eÜz
h_vmg‡q Rbmfvq Dcw¯’Z nb Ges evOvwj RvwZi cieZx© w`Kwb‡`©kbv I ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi
GKwU c‡iv¶ †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zuvi G †NvlYv evOvwj RvwZ Z_v ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³i msMÖv‡gi
†cÖ¶vc‡U gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj| Rbmfvq Zuvi e³‡e¨i g~j welq wQj PviwUÑ (1)
Pjgvb mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi, (2) ˆmb¨‡`i e¨viv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡q hvIqv, (3) MYnZ¨vi Z`šÍ Kiv
I (4) wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv|
Dc‡iv³ `vwe¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk e½eÜz evOvwj‡`i D‡Ï‡k KZ¸‡jv wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡ib| wZwb c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi miKvwi I †emiKvwi Awdm, KviLvbv, wk¶v cÖwZôvb eÜ †NvlYv K‡ib Ges miKvi‡K
Ki ev LvRbv w`‡Z wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib| cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jv‡Z AvIqvgx jx‡Mi msev` cÖPvi bv Kiv
n‡j †m¸‡jv eÜ Ki‡Z wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡ib| wZwb RbM‡Yi ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZK‚‡j e¨eüZ e›`i I hvbevnb
PjvPj eÜ †NvlYv K‡ib| mKj Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡K 28 gv‡P©i g‡a¨ †eZb Zz‡j Avb‡Z wb‡`©k †`b|
e³‡e¨i †kl ch©v‡q e½eÜz evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i c‡iv¶ †NvlYv †`b| Zuvi K‡É Òi³ hLb
w`‡qwQ i³ Av‡iv †`e| GB †`‡ki gvbyl‡K gy³ K‡i Qvo‡ev Bbkvjøvn| Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i
gyw³i msMÖvg| Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Ó Gi mv‡_ e½eÜz gyw³msMÖv‡gi Rb¨ mKj‡K cÖ¯ÍzZ
nIqvi wb‡`©k †`b Ges †`k‡K kÎygy³ Ki‡Z m‡e©v”P Z¨vM ¯^xKv‡ii AvnŸvb Rvbvb|
e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i e³e¨ we‡kølY Ki‡j Abyaveb Kiv hvq †h, wZwb ¯úófv‡e Hw`b evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv I gyw³i Rb¨ hy× cÖ¯ÍzwZi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| Gw`b we‡K‡j KwZcq ivR‰bwZK †bZv I
evOvwj †mbv Kg©KZ©v e½eÜzi evmvq wM‡q Zuvi gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wZwb mKj‡K cieZx©
c`‡¶‡ci Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍzZ n‡Z wb‡`©k †`b| A_©vr wZwb eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Gi ga¨w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv
†`qv n‡q‡Q|
weÁ ivR‰bwZK we‡kølK I K‚UbxwZwe`M‡Yi g‡Z, 7 gv‡P©i e½eÜzi †NvlYvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i c~be©vi †NvlYv †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| KviY G‡Z wZwb ¯úófv‡e ¯^vaxbZvi meyR
ms‡KZ w`‡q‡Qb| G †NvlYvi ci †_‡K ïiy nq gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯ÍzwZ| XvKvmn †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j
gyw³hy‡×i †Uªwbs ïiy n‡q hvq| Aciw`‡K miKviI cwiw¯’wZ k³ nv‡Z †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍzwZ
wb‡Z _v‡K|
'71-Gi gv‡P©i G DËvj I D‡ËRbv gyn‚‡Z© Bqvwnqv Lvb AMZ¨v e½eÜzi mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK mg‡SvZvi
j‡¶ Av‡jvPbvi cÖ¯Íve †`b Ges 16 gvP© †_‡K 25 gvP© ch©šÍ GK e¨_© Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q hvb|
Aciw`‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K ˆmb¨ I im` Avg`vwb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Bqvwnqv Lvb 25 gvP© iv‡Z
†Mvc‡b XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb I cvKevwnbx‡K wbi¯¿,
wbixn evOvwj‡`i Ici †jwj‡q w`‡q hvb| d‡j 25 gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Z XvKv mn †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j
e¨vcK MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡bv nq| Hw`b ivZ †`oUvq e½eÜz‡K evmv †_‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 25 gvP©
w`‡bi †ejv e½eÜz NUbv Dcjwä K‡i †h †Kvb Riywi †NvlYv cÖPv‡ii j‡¶ ey‡qU †_‡K K‡qKRb
cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡q avbgwÛ 32 bs evmfe‡b GKwU UªvÝwgUvi ¯’vcb K‡ib e‡j †Kvb †Kvb m~‡Î D‡jøL
Av‡Q| ew›` nIqvi c~‡e© wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Bs‡iwR fvlvq †NvlYv K‡ib Ges G †NvlYv
Abyhvqx Iqvi‡jm‡hv‡M PÆMÖvg †cÖiY K‡ib| †kvbv hvq, e½eÜz KZ…©K †cÖiYK…Z ¯^vaxbZvi
†NvlYvcÎwU PÆMÖv‡gi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ Rûi Avng` †PŠayixi wbKU †cŠu‡Q| Hw`b wewewm-i
cÖfvwZ Awa‡ek‡b e½eÜzi †NvlYvwU cÖPvwiZ nq| Gw`‡K †`‡ki mKj †iwWI †÷kb 25 gvP© iv‡Z
cvwK¯Ívb ˆmb¨‡`i wbqš¿‡Y P‡j hvq| PÆMÖv‡gi AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Rûi Avng` †PŠayix, mvaviY
m¤úv`K †gv. Ave`yj nvbœvb mn KwZcq †bZvi D‡`¨vM PÆMÖvg †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K hš¿cvwZ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ
K‡i PÆMÖv‡g KvjyiNvU †cÖiY †K›`ªwU‡K †eZvi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges Gi bvg †`b Ò¯^vaxb
evsjv wecøex †eZvi †K›`ªÓ| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z G †K›`ª †_‡K 26 gvP© †ejv 2-10Uvq PÆMÖvg AvIqvgx
jxM mvaviY m¤úv`K Avãyj nvbœvb e½eÜzi c‡¶ ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎwU cÖPvi K‡ib Ges GKB
†K›`ª †_‡K 27 gvP© †gRi (c‡i ivóªcwZ) wRqvDi ingvb cÖ_g wbR bv‡g Ges cieZ©x‡Z e½eÜzi
c‡¶ ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cvV K‡ib| Gici 30 gvP© ch©šÍ wRqvDi ingvb eûevi †NvlYvwU cÖPvi
K‡ib| 10 GwcÖj gywRe bM‡i A¯’vqx miKvi MwVZ n‡j G miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K mvsweavwbKfv‡e
gyw³hy‡×i †NvlYv †`qv nq| Z‡e 26 gvP© e½eÜzi †NvlYvwUB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi †NvlYv
wn‡m‡e a‡i wb‡q 26 gvP© evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv w`em wn‡m‡e D`hvwcZ nq|
Òevsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×: `wjjcÎÓ kxl©K MÖ‡š’i 3q L‡Ûi 2q c„ôvq G †NvlYvwU wjwce×
i‡q‡Q| Zuvi †NvlYvwU wQj Bs‡iwR‡Z hvi evsjv A_© wb¤œiƒcÑ
ÒAvwg †gRi wRqv, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³evwnbxi A¯’vqx cÖavb †mbvcwZ, †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi c‡¶
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv KiwQ|
Avwg †NvlYv KiwQ, Avgiv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Aax‡b mve©‡fŠg ˆea miKvi MVb KiwQ| Avgiv
A½xKvi KiwQ †h, GB miKvi AvBb I msweavb g‡Z †`k Pvjv‡e| GB bZzb MYcÖRvZš¿x miKvi
AvšÍR©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î †RvU wbi‡c¶ _vK‡e| we‡k¦i mKj iv‡óªi mv‡_ GB miKvi eÜzZ¡ Kvgbv
K‡i Ges wek¦kvwšÍi Rb¨ KvR K‡i hv‡e| Avwg mKj miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q Zviv †hb
evsjv‡`‡ki ee©i MYnZ¨vi weiy‡× Zv‡`i RbgZ M‡o †Zv‡jb|
†kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Aax‡b evsjv‡`k miKvi mve©‡fŠg I ˆea| GB miKvi we‡k¦i MYZš¿x iv‡óªi
¯^xK…wZ cÖZ¨vkv K‡i|Ó
4) 10 GwcÖj, ¯^vaxbZvi AvbyôvwbK †NvlYv: 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj gywRebM‡i A¯’vqx evsjv‡`k
miKvi MwVZ n‡j miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi AvbyôvwbK †NvlYv †`qv nq| Òevsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv hy×: `wjjcÎÓ kxl©K MÖ‡š’i 3q L‡Ûi 4_© c„ôvq D³ †NvlYv Bs‡iwR‡Z wjwce× Av‡Q hvi
†NvlYv msµvšÍ As‡ki evsjv wb¤œiƒcÑ
ÒGes
†h‡nZz D‡jøwLZ wek¦vmNvZKZvg~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o
mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li Awemsevw`Z †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb RbM‡Yi AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi
AR©‡bi AvBbvbyM AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ 1971 m‡bi 26 gvP© XvKvq h_vh_fv‡e ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv
K‡ib Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ALÛZv i¶vi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi cÖwZ D`vË AvnŸvb Rvbvb,
Ges
†h‡nZz evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY Zvnv‡`i exiZ¡ mvnwmKZv I wecøex Kvh©µg Øviv evsjv‡`‡ki Ici
Zvnv‡`i Kvh©Kix KZ…©Z¡ cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q, mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY wbe©vwPZ
cÖwZwbwa‡`i cÖwZ †h g¨v‡ÛU w`‡q‡Qb, Avgiv †mB evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaiv GKwU
MYcwil‡` MwVZ n‡q cvi¯úwiK Av‡jvPbv K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ mvg¨, gvbweK gh©v`v I
mvgvwRK b¨vq wePvi, ejer ivLevi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU mve©‡fŠg MYcÖRvZš¿ iƒ‡c †NvlYv KiwQ
Ges GZØviv c~e©v‡ý e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Aby‡gv`b KiwQ|
Avgiv AviI wm×všÍ †NvlYv KiwQ †h, Avgv‡`i GB ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv 1971 mv‡ji 26 gvP© n‡Z
Kvh©Ki e‡j MY¨ n‡e|Ó
cÖwZwµqv I ¸iyZ¡
1971 mv‡ji ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vc‡U ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv evsjv‡`k I cvwK¯Ív‡b `viƒY cÖwZwµqvi m„wó
K‡i| 26 gvP© ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv w`em wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z n‡jI e½eÜzi 7 gvP© Zvwi‡Li †NvlYvi ciciB
†`‡k evOvwj I miKvi Dfq c‡¶ cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q| Hw`b †_‡K gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯ÍzwZ Pj‡Z _v‡K|
7 gvP© weKvj‡ejv QvÎ-QvÎxiv ivB‡dj wb‡q XvKv ivRc‡_ gvP© ïiy K‡i| 8 gvP© †`‡k cÖwk¶Y ïiy
n‡q hvq Ges 25 gvP© ch©šÍ Zv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BD.I.wU.wm-i K¨v‡WUiv G
cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbv K‡i (XvKvq)| GKBfv‡e evOvwj ˆmb¨‡`i g‡a¨I Av‡jvob ïiy n‡q hvq|
ZrKvjxb †gRi wRqvDi ingvb Zuvi GK cÖe‡Ü wj‡LwQ‡jb, Ô7 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b e½eÜzi
HwZnvwmK †NvlYv Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q GK ÔMÖxY wmMb¨vj' e‡j g‡b n‡jvÓ| e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i †NvlYvi
ci †_‡K c~e©evsjvq Amn‡hvM I cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb ïiy n‡q hvq|
Aciw`‡K cvwK¯Ívb miKvi 7 gvP© Zvwi‡LB †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lv‡bi g‡Zv biwckvP‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib| ïiy nq evOvwji Ici AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb| 7 gv‡P© e½eÜzi Wv‡K 25 gvP© ch©šÍ
†`‡ki cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv †f‡½ c‡owQj|
25 gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Zi ci †`‡ki cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jv cvK‡mbv‡`i wbqš¿‡Y P‡j hvq| ZeyI e½eÜzi
wb‡`©k Abyhvqx XvKv, wK‡kviMÄ, PyqvWv½v, MvRxcyi, Uv½vBj, gvwbKMÄ, wm‡jU, †kicyi, ewikvj,
†bvqvLvjx, PÆMÖvg cÖf…wZ ¯’v‡b cÖwZ‡iva ey¨n M‡o †Zvjv n‡qwQj| Zuvi †NvlYv †c‡q PÆMÖv‡g
AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…e„›` KvjyiNvU †eZvi UªvÝwgUvi †K›`ª‡K wbivc` g‡b K‡i Ò¯^vaxb evsjv wecøex
†eZvi †K›`ªÓ wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv K‡i Ges wbqwgZ ¯^vaxbZvi c‡¶ Abyôvb I ey‡jwUb cÖPvi Ki‡Z
_v‡K| cÖK…Zc‡¶ ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi ci †_‡K gyw³hy× ïiy n‡q hvq| 26 gvP© `ycyi †ejv PÆMÖvg
†_‡K †Rjv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K Gg.G. nvbœvb e½eÜzi †NvlYvwU cyb:cÖPvi K‡ib Ges
27 gvP© †gRi wRqvDi ingvb †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi c‡¶ ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| 10 GwcÖj
evsjv‡`k A¯’vqx miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi AvbyôvwbK †NvlYv †`qv nq| Gici †_‡K gyw³hy×
GKwU cÖvwZôvwbKZv jvf K‡i|
GB cÖwZwU †NvlYvB evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| Z‡e gywRebMi †NvlYvwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© G
Kvi‡Y †h, GKwU miKvi G †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q Ges gyw³hy× G miKv‡ii KZ…©‡Z¡B cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q|
gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcUmn †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 26 gvP© †_‡K Kvh©Ki e‡j MY¨ n‡e| GKB ZvwiL
†_‡K Dc-ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRiyj Bmjvg AvBb ejerKiY Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib| wbe©vwPZ msL¨vMwiô
`‡ji cÖav‡bi GB †NvlYvwU cieZx©Kv‡j wek¦e¨vcx cÖPvwiZ nq| evOvwj RvwZ e½eÜzi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z
Zuvi †NvlYv‡K Zuvi wb‡`©k wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i nvbv`vi cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi weiy‡× mk¯¿ hy‡× DØy× nq|
mvims‡¶c
1971 mv‡j cÖPvwiZ e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m ¸iyZ¡c~Y© `wjj| cieZx©Kv‡j
e½eÜzi c‡¶ nvbœvb, †gRi wRqv I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q wKQy †NvlYvi g~j wfwË wQj e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i
fvlY| 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj gywRebMi miKvi Ges ¯^vaxbZvi ci msweav‡b 26 gvP© ¯^vaxbZv
w`em †NvlYvi gva¨‡gB GB cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×: `wjjcÎ, 3q LÛ, XvKv, Z_¨ I
†eZvi gš¿Yvjq, 1982|
2| Av‡bvqviyj Bmjvg, ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv I e½eÜz, gqgbwmsn, iIkb Aviv †PŠayix, 1992|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| e½eÜzi †jLv ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvwU cÖ_g †h †eZvi gva¨‡g AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖPvwiZ nq †mUvi
bvgÑ
(K) PÆMÖvg †eZvi †K›`ª (L) †iwWI cvwK¯Ívb
(M) ¯^vaxb evsjv wecøex †eZvi †K›`ª (N) ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª|
2| ¯^vaxb evsjv wecøex †eZvi †K‡›`ª 26 gvP© `ycy‡i cÖ_g ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvwU cvV K‡ibÑ
(K) †gRi wRqv (L) Rûi Avn‡g` †PŠayix
(M) Gg.G. nvbœvb (N) †ejvj †gvnv¤§`|
3| gywRebMi †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`qv nq 1971 mv‡jiÑ
(K) 26 gvP© (L) 4 GwcÖj
(M) 10 GwcÖj (N) 17 GwcÖj|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi †cÖ¶vcU iPbvq 7Ñ25 gv‡P©i NUbvejxi ¸iyZ¡ wbY©q Kiyb|
2| e½eÜzi 26 gvP© Ges cieZx©‡Z †gvnv¤§` nvbœvb I †gRi wRqvi ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cvV m¤ú‡K©
eY©bv w`b|
3| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m 10 GwcÖj gywRebMi miKv‡ii ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb
Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi wewfbœ `wjj¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiyb| ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi cÖwZwµqv
I ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Kiyb|