CABLE AND TENSILE

AR-404
CHANGCOCO, JOSH NICOLO
MUNOZ, CHRISTIAN
PESIGAN, LLANA AGATHA FAY
SAPNU, ALDRIC GABRIEL STRUCTURES
HISTORY AND
PROPONENTS
 • From ancient Roman canopies and rope bridges, to modern
day tents and suspension bridges cable structures, also known
as tensile structures, are applications of "tension-only"
members.

HISTORY
• It was not known that steel cables, which first appeared during
the industrial revolution, could effectively be used in structures
until the late nineteenth century, when Vladimir Shukhov of
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia constructed the first tensile steel
shell. Although Vladimir's creation was a roof instalment, this
opened doors for today's engineers to explore what is possible
with cable structures.
 • The technology behind cable structures has advanced since the time of
Vladimir Shokhov, allowing for bigger and more ambitious projects to be
undertaken.

• An organization by the name of Geiger engineers have built numerous tensile

structures and roofs over the past 30 years, from the Canada Harbour Place
Roof Replacement to the more recent B.C. Place Stadium Revitalization which
added a new retractable roof.

PROPONENTS • Another organization that has pushed the envelope of tensile structures is Eide
Industries, who have focused their efforts towards using tensile structures for
architectural purposes. Eide Industries' tensile structures have a unique
aesthetic to them which would not be possible in conventional structures. As
well fabrics are now being added to these types of structures giving rise to
numerous benefits such as making them more cost efficient, making them
more environmentally friendly, increasing their life span, making them easier
to install and many more.
DEFINITION AND
DESCRIPTION OF USE
 • A cable structure is a type of structure that utilizes

tensioned cables to support or transmit the major

loads of the structure. In conventional structures

concrete columns are usually used to support the self-

DEFINITION weight of the structure as well as the downward loads

but there are cases where this system is undesirable

• Cables can be made of practically any material, such

as wool or any other natural or artificial fibers, but in

most engineering applications cables will be made of

steel.
 • Cable structures can be paradoxically simple
and complicated – both in their geometry
and their design and analysis. The typical

DEFINITION
uses are suspension bridges, cable stayed
bridges, long span roof structures, inflatable
membrane roofs, elegant railings, cable net
glass curtain walls, and others.
TYPES OF CABLE
STRUCTURE
TYPES
 • These bridges are very common when it comes to
pedestrian bridges, highway bridges and bridges for
pipelines

• it was during the 1950's that these types of bridges

CABLE STAYED
gained popularity with Germany being on the
forefront who constructed several Cable stayed
BRIDGE bridges across river Rhine. Few of the main reasons
for the development of these types of bridges was
their low cost of construction, the speed of erection
and the fact that they had the potential to cover a
relatively longer spans
 • W.Podolny and J.Scalzi define a modern day
cable stayed-bridge as " A bridge which consists
of a superstructure of steel or reinforced
concrete members that is supported at one or

CABLE STAYED more points by cables extending from one or

BRIDGE more towers." This load is then transferred to

the main column on which the tower is
constructed. The most common type of
materials used for the superstructure of these
kind of bridges are either concrete or steel
 • Suspension bridges are one of the most
beautiful civil engineering structures in
the world. It is a beautiful combination
of ropes, steel and concrete.
• The earliest known occurrence of a
SUSPENSION suspension bridge was a bridge built
across the Indus River near the Swat in
BRIDGE A.D. 400
• The origins of the suspension bridges can
be traced back to the warm countries of
South-East Asia due to their availability
of creepers, vines and other trailing
plants
 • In a suspension bridge there is a suspender cable which runs the

entire length of the bridge and is supported by two or more

towers. From this suspender cable, vertical or radiating rods or

suspension cables are suspended which hold up the deck of the

bridge.

SUSPENSION • The Brooklyn Bridge is considered one of the biggest successes in

BRIDGE
the civil engineering field. Its successful construction gave rise to a

lot of excitement amongst the engineers all over the world and

the American engineers came to be recognized as the experts in

the construction of suspension bridges.

• The design theory which was developed by Moiseiff and Steinman

was used in the construction of all the suspension bridges.

MODERN USE OF
CABLE STRUCTURE
HIGHWAY BRIDGE
KHOR AL BATAH,
OMAN
 CABLE STAYED
BRIDGE, EVRIPOS
BRIDGE, GREECE
 ANNEX
LUTHERHAUS
ROOF, GERMANY
GLASS CANOPY OF
STATION PLAZA
HEILBRONN,
GERMANY
FAÇADE AIRPORT
MALAGA, SPAIN
 CANOPY IN AUTOSADT
WOLFSBURG, GERMANY
DRY COOLING TOWER
IN
SCHMEHAUSENNEAR
HAMM, GERMANY
MOSES MABHIDA
STADIUM, SOUTH
AFRICA
 BAY ARENA
LEVERKUSEN,
GERMANY
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
USING CABLE
STRUCTURE
 • Suspension bridges have a high strength to weight
ratio.

• They are flexible (can also be disadvantage) and can

span long distances with no piers therefore good on

ADVANTAGES OF very high places, across water etc. and they require

SUSPENSION •
little access from below aiding construction.

They can be very thin and therefore less visible.

BRIDGES • They have an elegant look.

• The area spanned by a suspension bridge is very long

in proportion to the amount of materials required to
construct bridges.
 • Flexibility Disadvantages

• Suspension bridges are flexible, which is an advantage until conditions become

severe.

• Instability in extremely turbulent conditions or during strong earthquakes may

require temporary closure In 1940, high winds caused the Tacoma Narrows

DISADVANTAGES bridge, near Seattle,Washington, to collapse

OF CABLE STAYED
• Foundation Disadvantages

• When built in soft ground, suspension bridges require extensive and expensive

BRIDGES
foundation work to combat the effects of the heavy load on foundation towers.

• Heavy Loads

• Flexibility also becomes a disadvantage when heaty. concentrated loads are

involved.

• Suspension bridges are not generally used for Regional rail crossings that carry
maximum weight loads, which adds dangerous stress to the structure.
 SUSPENSION BRIDGES
Suspension bridges is normally limited to two
towers.
Suspension bridges require more cables
Construction time is longer for suspension
bridges
Suspension Bridges possess less stiffness and
display larger deflections when compared with
COMPARISON
cable stayed bridges
The deck of a suspension bridge is usually
suspended by vertical hangers, though But the
structure is essentially flexible, and great effort
must be made to withstand the effects of traffic
and wind
Suspension Bridge is not made of cantilevers
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
Cable-stayed bridges lies in the fact that it can be
built with any number of towers
Cable stayed bridges require less cable
Construction time is less for cable stayed bridges
Cable-stayed bridges possess higher stiffness and
display smaller deflections when compared with
suspension bridges
The greater inherent rigidity of the
triangulated cable-stayed bridges
compared with the suspension type, makes
life easier for their designers and builders.
A great advantage of the cable-stayed
bridge is that it is essentially made of
cantilevers, and can be constructed by
building out from the towers.
STRUCTURAL
CONCEPTUALIZATION
 • Cable structures are structures with cables as the main load-
carrying elements. If one of the main dimensions of an
element is bigger than the two remaining ones, and section
rigidity with respect to bending and torsion is small in
comparison to tension rigidity, such an element is regarded to
STRUCTURAL be a cable.

CONCEPTUALIZATION • The basic conclusion drawn from the previous definition is that
only tensile forces can be applied to cables. However, in some
cases small bending or torsional moments and shearing forces
can be applied to cables. The most significant advantage of
using cable structures is the fact that cables have great
admissible tensile stresses.
DETAILS
DETAILS
DETAILS
SAMPLE CABLE
STRUCTURES
MILWAUKEE ART
MUSEUM
SAMUEL BECKETT
BRIDGE
CHORDS BRIDGE
PUENTE DE LA MUJER
 MAGARET
MCDERMOTT
BRIDGE
 • http://www.engineeringwiki.org/wiki/Cable_Structu
res
• https://www.britannica.com/technology/cable-
structure
• https://csengineermag.com/article/cables-in-
structures/
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Typical-
modern-cable-structures-with-steel-cables-1-
REFERENCES •
suspension-bridge-Highway-Bridge_fig1_283308870
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/robot-
structural-analysis-products/learn-
explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2015/ENU/Robot
/files/GUID-A761540B-9E96-4760-AF04-
47E22059B834-htm.html