Compile

BIOLOGI
Activity 1: Read the following information!

2
Biology is the study of living organisms and their structure, life-cycles, adaptations and
environment.
Variety of living organisms
Living organisms share characteristics such as the

ability to move and reproduce. There are different
types of living organisms including plants, animals,
fungi, bacteria and protoctists.
Characteristics of living organisms
Living organisms have the following characteristics

in common:
 Movement - they can move and change their position.

 Reproduction – they can make more of the same kind of organism as themselves.
 Sensitivity – they can detect or sense stimuli and respond to them.
 Growth - they can permanently increase their size or dry mass by increasing the
number or size of their cells.
 Respiration – they can create chemical reactions that break down nutrient
molecules in living cells to release energy.
 Excretion – they can excrete toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and
excess substances (note that excretion is not the same as egestion).
 Nutrition - they can take in and absorb nutrients such as organic substances and
mineral ions. These nutrients contain the raw materials or energy needed for growth
and tissue repair.
Activity 2 : Answer questions below based on the information above!
1. What is the meaning of living organism?

2. What does living organism consist of?
3. Give 3 example of movement of living organism!
4. Does every living organism have sensitivity? Give 2 samples?
5. Do living organism need nutrition? Why?
1
BIOLOGI
Activity 3: Grammar Focus
2
Modal Auxiliary Function Examples
Can/ could Ability  They can move and change their
May/ might Probability position
Shall/ should Future plan/  They can detect or sense stimuli and
Must/ have to suggestion respond to them
Will/ would Necessary  They must get sun shine/ light
Future plan  They will die if there is no water in
their habitat
Activity 4: Exercise – please create sentences about living organism. Use modal
auxiliary in your sentences!
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________
11. ______________________________________________________________
2
CELL STRUCTURE
Activity 1: read the following text!
3
Cells are microscopic building blocks of unicellular and multicellular living organisms. Animal,
plant, fungal and bacterial cells are different in terms of structure but also have many
similarities.
The ultra structure of cells
Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. Organisms made of a single cell, such as
bacteria and the fungus yeast, are described as being unicellular. Organisms made of many
cells such as animals, most plants and many species of fungi, are described as
being multicellular.
Living organisms are made up of millions of units called cells. Cells are microscopic so to see
their structure we need to use microscopes. We can see more structures clearly if we use
stains to colour specimens before putting them under the microscope. Stains are coloured
dyes that are absorbed by some cell structures but not by others. An example of a stain which
is used is iodine.
The ultrastructure of a cell is its fine structure as revealed at high magnification. Animal,
fungal and plant cells all contain structures specialised for particular functions
called organelles. The diagrams below show the similarities and differences between the
ultrastructure of animal cells and plant cells.
1
CELL STRUCTURE
1. Animals
3
Animals are multicellular organisms – they consist of many cells that work together.
Examples of animals include mammals (such as humans) and insects (such as houseflies and
mosquitoes).
Animal cell structure
The main parts of an animal cell are the nucleus, cell

membrane and cytoplasm.
Animal cells:
 do not have cell walls

 do not contain chloroplasts, so animals cannot carry
out photosynthesis
 may store carbohydrate as glycogen
Animals usually have nerves or nervous systems for

coordination, and they are able to move from place
to place.
2. Plants
Plants are also multicellular organisms – they consist of many cells that work together.
Examples include cereals (such as maize), and peas and beans.
Plant cell structure
Plant cells contain the same parts as animal

cells. They also have some additional ones:
 chloroplasts
 cell wall made of cellulose
 permanent vacuole
2
CELL STRUCTURE
3
Simple Present tense
Nominal To be Examples
sentence
I Am Cells are microscopic building blocks of
You unicellular and multicellular living organisms.
We Are
The main parts of an animal cell are the
They
She nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm
He Is Cell is the building block of all living organisms
It
Verbal Auxiliary Examples
sentence
I Plant cells contain the same parts as animal
You cells.
We Do
They also have some additional ones
They
She They do not live alone
He Does Plant needs water and lights
It Plant doesn’t need the fire to cook their own
food
Activity 4: Find out other examples of present tense sentences in the text!
Decide whether the sentence is nominal or verbal!
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3
CELL STRUCTURE
Activity 5: Study about the following glossary!
3
Sources :
Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8
Text : http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zf8nb9q/revision
4
CELL STRUCTURE
Cell Diagram Quiz
3
Short Answer Questions
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________
11. ______________________________________________________________
5
HUMAN BODY
Activity 1: Read the following text carefully!
4
The Human Body: Anatomy, Facts & Functions
The human body is everything that makes you up. The basic parts of the human body are the head,
neck, torso, arms and legs.
Body systems
Our bodies consist of a number of biological systems that carry out specific functions
necessary for everyday living.
The job of the circulatory system is to move blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
hormones, around the body. It consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries and veins.
The digestive system consists of a series of connected organs that together, allow the body to
break down and absorb food, and remove waste. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the
digestive system because they produce digestive juices.
The endocrine system consists of eight major glands that secrete hormones into the blood.
These hormones, in turn, travel to different tissues and regulate various bodily functions, such
as metabolism, growth and sexual function.
The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens that
may be harmful. It includes lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including B-
cells and T-cells), the thymus and leukocytes, which are white blood cells.
The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph ducts and lymph vessels, and also plays
a role in the body's defenses. Its main job is to make is to make and move lymph, a clear fluid
1
HUMAN BODY
that contains white blood cells, which help the body fight infection. The lymphatic system also
4
removes excess lymph fluid from bodily tissues, and returns it to the blood.
The nervous system controls both voluntary action (like conscious movement) and
involuntary actions (like breathing), and sends signals to different parts of the body. The
central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system
consists of nerves that connect every other part of the body to the central nervous system.
The body's muscular system consists of about 650 muscles that aid in movement, blood flow
and other bodily functions. There are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle which is
connected to bone and helps with voluntary movement, smooth muscle which is found inside
organs and helps to move substances through organs, and cardiac muscle which is found in
the heart and helps pump blood.
The reproductive system allows humans to reproduce. The male reproductive system
includes the penis and the testes, which produce sperm. The female reproductive system
consists of the vagina, the uterus and the ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a
sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, which creates a fertilized egg that implants and grows in the
uterus.
Our bodies are supported by the skeletal system, which consists of 206 bones that are
connected by tendons, ligaments and cartilage. The skeleton not only helps us move, but it's
also involved in the production of blood cells and the storage of calcium. The teeth are also
part of the skeletal system, but they aren't considered bones.
The respiratory system allows us to take in vital oxygen and expel carbon dioxide in a
process we call breathing. It consists mainly of the trachea, the diaphragm and the lungs.
The urinary system helps eliminate a waste product called urea from the body, which is
produced when certain foods are broken down. The whole system includes two kidneys, two
ureters, the bladder, two sphincter muscles and the urethra. Urine produced by the kidneys
travels down the ureters to the bladder, and exits the body through the urethra.
The skin, or integumentary system, is the body's largest organ. It protects us from the
outside world, and is our first defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. Our skin
also helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste through perspiration. In addition
to skin, the integumentary system includes hair and nails.
Vital organs
Humans have five vital organs that are essential for survival. These are the brain, heart,
kidneys, liver and lungs.
2
HUMAN BODY
Fun facts
4
 The human body contains nearly 100 trillion cells.
 There are at least 10 times as many bacteria in the human body as cells.
 The average adult takes over 20,000 breaths a day.
 Each day, the kidneys process about 200 quarts (50 gallons) of blood to filter out about
2 quarts of waste and water
 Adults excrete about a quarter and a half (1.42 liters) of urine each day.
 The human brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells
 Water makes up more than 50 percent of the average adult's body weigh
Source: http://www.livescience.com/37009-human-body.html,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zqhbr82
Simple Present tense + Indefinite Adverb of frequency
Nominal To be Indefinite Adverb Examples

sentence of frequency
I Am Always Roses are usually red
You Often
They are rarely in the cave
We Are Usually
They Sometimes during the summer time
She Seldom
It is never bloom before the
He Is Rarely
It Ever time
Never
Verbal Indefinite Adverb Auxiliary Examples
sentence of frequency
I Always Humans always have five vital
You Often Do organs
We Usually
They Sometimes Birds always lay the eggs
She Seldom Does It never eats the grass
He Rarely
It Ever Animals never cook their own
Never food
3
HUMAN BODY
Activity 3: Exercise- Create sentences by using the words given!
4
1. Flower- always
2. Dolphins – usually
3. Human brain- never
4. A dragonfly- seldom
5. Dinosaurs- ever
6. Raflesia- seldom
7. Cell – always
8. Photosynthesis-sometimes
9. Nuclear- often
10. Eyes- never
Activity 4: Name the following parts of body and their function!
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
5. ___________________________
6. ___________________________
7. ___________________________
8. ___________________________
9. ___________________________
10. ___________________________
11. ____________________________
12. ____________________________
4
Features of Animals Kingdom
Activity 1: Read the following text carefully! Note unfamiliar vocabulary!
5
Animals vary in complexity and are
classified based on anatomy, morphology,
genetic makeup, and evolutionary history.
All animals are eukaryotic, multicellular
organisms, and most animals have complex
tissue structure with differentiated and
specialized tissue. Animals are heterotrophs;
they must consume living or dead organisms
since they cannot synthesize their own food
and can be carnivores, herbivores,
omnivores, or parasites. Most animals are
motile for at least some stages of their lives,
and most animals reproduce sexually.
Animal evolution began in the ocean over 600 million years ago with tiny creatures
that probably do not resemble any living organism today. Since then, animals have evolved
into a highly-diverse kingdom. Although over one million extant (currently living) species of
animals have been identified, scientists are continually discovering more species as they
explore ecosystems around the world. The number of extant species is estimated to be
between 3 and 30 million.
Animals vary in complexity, from sea sponges to crickets to chimpanzees, and

scientists are faced with the difficult task of classifying them within a unified system. They
must identify traits that are common to all animals as well as traits that can be used to
distinguish among related groups of animals. The animal classification system characterizes
animals based on their anatomy, morphology, evolutionary history, features of embryological
development, and genetic makeup. This classification scheme is constantly developing as new
information about species arises. Understanding and classifying the great variety of living
species help us better understand how to conserve the diversity of life on earth.
Even though members of the animal kingdom are incredibly diverse, most animals
share certain features that distinguish them from organisms in other kingdoms. All animals
are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms, and almost all animals have a complex tissue
structure with differentiated and specialized tissues. Most animals are motile, at least during
certain life stages. All animals require a source of food and are, therefore, heterotrophic:
ingesting other living or dead organisms. This feature distinguishes them from autotrophic
organisms, such as most plants, which synthesize their own nutrients through photosynthesis.
As heterotrophs, animals may be carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, or parasites. Most
animals reproduce sexually with the offspring passing through a series of developmental
stages that establish a fixed body plan. The body plan refers to the morphology of an animal,
determined by developmental cues.
1
Activity 2: Complete the following table! Compare your answer with your
5
friends
Wild animals Pets Extinct Animals
2
5
Simple Past Tense
Nominal sentence To be Examples

I Was  They were in their nest during
You
winter
We Were
They  Dinosaurs were extinct
She
He Was  it was valuable in the past
It
 they were not afraid of the enemies
Verbal sentence Examples

I  Animal evolution began in the
You ocean over 600 million years ago
We V2 with tiny creatures that probably
They (-) Did not do not resemble any living
She organism today
He  They lived near the ocean in order
It to hide from their enemies
 They did not lay the eggs
 It found years ago near the lake
3
Activity 4: Writing Task: Tell a story about an extinct animal! Tell where, when and how the animal
5
life in the past!
Source:
Boundless. “Characteristics of the Animal Kingdom.” Boundless Biology. Boundless, 26 May. 2016.
Retrieved 08 Aug. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-
textbook/introduction-to-animal-diversity-27/features-of-the-animal-kingdom-162/characteristics-
of-the-animal-kingdom-631-11853/
4
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT
Activity 1 : Read the following text carefully! Study the vocabulary!
6
Plants (of the kingdom Plantae) are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that
develop from an embryo and that have cell walls and chloroplasts. Plants are
distinguished from algae (from which they are descended) by a higher degree of
multicellular complexity and from fungi by
the ability to photosynthesize (those few
plants that have lost this ability evolved
from others that could).
Almost all plants live on land and

have adapted to the conditions on land
through the development of a waxy cuticle
to prevent drying out, structures to absorb
and transport water throughout their
bodies (the bryophytes are an exception),
and rigid internal support to remain erect
without the buoyancy available in water.
This rigidity is provided in large part by the
cell wall, which is composed of cellulose, a
complex, and lignin , a phenolic compound that stiffens the cellulose fibers.
carbohydrate
The plant life cycle has two distinct multicellular phases: a haploid phase (in
which chromosomes are present only as single copies) and a diploid phase (in which
chromosomes are present in pairs). The haploid organism will produce gametes that
fuse to form an embryo, which develops into the diploid organism. The diploid
organism produces haploid spores that germinate to form the haploid organism. This
"alternation of generations" is found only in plants and some algae.
Almost all plants photosynthesize, using the sun's energy to power the
production of sugar from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis occurs in
chloroplasts, membrane-bound organelles that contain the green pigment
chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are descended from free-living photosynthetic bacteria that
became symbiotic partners of ancient single-celled plant ancestors. Evidence of the
chloroplast's bacterial origin is found in the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
within it, as well as its size and structure.
The photosynthetic production of sugars by plants is the basis for all terrestrial
food chains. Photosynthesis also produces oxygen, needed by animals, fungi, and other
organisms (including plants themselves) to release the stored energy in those sugars.
1
Activity 2: Please find out the meaning of the following words in biological
6
terms!
1. Carbohydrate
2. Photosynthetic
3. Produce
4. Adaptation
5. life cycle
6. symbiotic
7. food chains
8. organisms
9. stored energy
10. chloroplasts.
Future tense with will
Subjects Examples
I Will + V o After getting the light and water, plants will do
You photosynthesis process.
Will + be o Animals will be extinct if there is no protection
We
from the hunter
They o They will feed the baby
She
He
It
Activity 4: Exercise – Please continue the following words. Make it up to be good

sentences!
1. A hen will angry_________________________________________________
2. ____________will find ___________________________________________
3. ____________will not get_________________________________________
4. ____________will be sick _________________________________________
5. _____________ will fight__________________________________________
6. _____________will grow__________________________________________
7. ____________ will need __________________________________________
8. ____________ will be____________________________________________
Sources: http://www.biologyreference.com/Ph-Po/Plant.html#ixzz4GmwcGeuY
Raven, Peter, Ray F. Evert, and Susan E. Eichhorn. Biology of Plants, 6th ed.
New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1999.
2
Activity 5: Plants - Quiz
6
1. What will happen to a plant left in the dark?
a. It will grow green and healthily
b. It will turn yellow and spindly
c. It will go to sleep
2. What will happen to a plant that is left un-watered?
a. It will move to where there is water
b. It will grow well and healthily
c. It will wilt and eventually die
3. Which three things do plants need to make food?
a. Water, heat, oxygen
b. Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight
c. Water, sugar, air
4. The more water a plant is given, the better it will grow. Is this statement true or false?
a. True
b. False
c. It's impossible to say
3
5. The more warmth a plant is given, the better it will grow. Is this statement true or false?
6
a. True
b. False
c. It's impossible to say
6. Grass does not grow as quickly during the winter as it does during the summer. What could
be a reason for this?
a. It's colder in the winter
b. It doesn't rain as much in the winter
c. The grass is sulking
7. What job does the stem of the plant NOT do?
a. Breathes for the plant
b. Holds the plant upright
c. Carries water and minerals up to the leaves
8. Why would keeping one plant in a fridge and one on a windowsill not be a fair test of how
temperature affects the growth of plants?
a. Because it will be cold AND dark in the fridge
b. Because the plant in the fridge will have access to food
c. Because the temperature will be the same in both positions
4
9. Which part makes food for the plant?
6
a. Roots
b. Petals
c. Leaves
10. What job do the roots of a plant NOT do?
a. Take up water and nutrients from the soil
b. Keep the plant steady and upright
c. Make food and send it out to the rest of the plant
5
REVIEW
Exercise 1: answer the following questions by choosing the best answer!
7
1. How many types of muscles are there in the human body?
a) One (skeletal)
b) Two (skeletal and smooth)
c) Three (cardiac, skeletal, smooth)
d) Four (cardiac, skeletal, smooth, stripy)
2. What are teeth made of?
a) Bone
b) Dentine
c) Keratin
d) Dentine and enamel
3. How long is your large intestine?
a) 6-8 metres
b) 1.5 metres
c) The size of a football field
d) 50 cm
4. Which parts of the human body contain the ring-like muscles called sphincters?
a) Anus and urinary tract
b) Mouth and eye
c) Stomach
d) All of the above
1
REVIEW
5. What happens to the brain after a night of heavy drinking?
7
a) The brain become dehydrated and shrinks away from the skull
b) The brain swells, causing a splitting headache
c) The nerve endings in the base of the brain become inflamed
d) Brain activity increases and the surfeit of thoughts causes a headache
6. Humans pass gas that is created by bacteria in the colon as well as swallowing air. What is considered
an average number of times to pass gas?
a) 2-5 times a day
b) 10-20 per day
c) 40-50 times per day
d) 52-65 per day
7. What color are your eyes if you have comparatively little pigment in your iris?
a) Blue
b) Brown
c) Green
d) Hazel
8. In which parts of the body are cells not replaced when they die?
a) Kidneys
b) Muscles
c) Skin
d) Brain
2
REVIEW
9. For a fertile couple under 30, what is the chance of conceiving each month after unprotected sex?
7
a) 50%
b) 25%
c) 10%
d) 5%
10. Melatonin, which has a role in maintaining our circadian rhythm, is inhibited by which of the following?
a) Sexual activity
b) Alcohol
c) Light
d) Darkness
Exercise 2: answer the following questions by choosing the best answer!
 1. What controls most of the cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA.
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Nucleolus
 2. What is a Cell membrane?

A. A thin flexible barrier around the cell that regulates transport
B. A rigid cover that provides support for the cell
C. The place where light energy, water, and carbon dioxide are used
D. Convert solar energy to chemical energy
3
REVIEW
 3. What is the main function of the Cell Wall?
7
A. To protect and provide support for the cell
B. Builds proteins
C. Convert solar energy to chemical energy
D. Takes in cardon dioxide
 4. What regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Cell Wall
D. Cell Membrane
 5. You will not find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
A. Fungi
B. Animal
C. Plants
D. All of the above
 6. Which organelle would you expect to find in a plant cell but not a animal cell?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
D. Chloroplast
 7. Which organelle makes food?

A. The vacuole
B. The nucleous
C. The chloroplast
D. The ribosome
4
REVIEW
 8.
7
What part of the cell is identified with the arrow?
A. The nucleus
B. The ribosome
C. The vacuole
D. The chloroplast
 9. Which organelles helps provide cell with energy and release energy?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
C. Mitochondria and chlorplasts
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 10.
Which part of the plant cell is the chloroplast?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
5
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Activity 1: Read the following information!
9
The word "photo" means light. "Synthesis" means putting together. The word
photosynthesis means putting together with light. Plants contain chlorophyll. Plants take
in water and nutrients from the soil through tiny hairs on the roots. The water and
nutrients are transported through the root hairs to the roots, and then are drawn up the
stem through tubes that are arranged in bundles. There are two different kinds of tubes:
phloem and xylem. Xylem tubes carry the needed water and
nutrients up the stem to the leaves where photosynthesis
takes place. Phloem tubes carry sugars down from the
leaves. These sugars are stored in the lower stem and roots.
There is a layer of cells found just below the top surface of a
leaf. These cells contain chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is found in
the chloroplasts. When sunlight shines on the top of a leaf
the light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll. This energy is
stored for later use.
Air passes in through tiny holes on the bottom surface of the
leaf. Molecules of carbon dioxide from the air reach the cells where chlorophyll has
trapped energy from sunlight. This trapped energy turns the carbon dioxide into a variety
of sugars and oxygen.
The sugars move down the phloem tubes and will be stored as starch or sugar in other
parts of the plant. The cells use this stored food to grow and do their work. Examples of
stored sugars we gather and eat from plants include apples, oranges, plum, and grapes.
Examples of stored starches include potatoes and corn. We eat many plants that provide us
with their stored starch and sugar. Just like plants we convert this stored food into energy
for our cells.
Activity 2 : Answer the questions about photosynthesis.
1. The word photosynthesis means putting together with …….

2. ………………………………… tubes carry the needed water and nutrients up the plant's stem
to the leaves.
3. ………………………… tubes carry sugars down from the leaves.
4. A layer of cells found just below the top surface of a leaf contain ………………………..
5. Plants turn carbon dioxide into a variety of sugars and …………………….
6. Which of the following are examples of stored sugar?
a. Grapes, oranges, and pears
b. Corn and potatoes
c. Leaves
7. Which of the following are examples of stored starch?
a. Corn and potatoes
b. Roots, stem and leaves
c. Apples and oranges
8. The word "photo" means ………………
9. The word "synthesis" means putting ……………..
1
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
9
Glossary Words:
Prepare Tiny Leaves - Leaf Passes in
Called Root Takes place Holes
Put Transported Stored Bottom
Need Drawn up Lower Reach
Pore Stem Layer Turns ……… Into
Produced Tubes Found Move down
Form Arranged in Below Starch
Contain Kind Surface Grow
Take in Carry Sunlight Gather
Soil Needed Shines Provide
Through Stem Trapped Convert ……… Into
Note:
2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Activity 3 : Grammar Focus
9
Passive Voice
a. Example:
The water and nutrients are transported through the root hairs to the roots.
This energy is stored for later use.
Tense Subject Verb Object Complement

Active: Plants transport The water and through the root
nutrients hairs to the
roots.
Passive: The water and are through the root
nutrients transported hairs to the
Simple
roots.
Present
Active: Plant stores this energy for later use
Passive: This energy is stored for later use
b. Form of passive voice :
S + to be + V3
Activity 3a : Find 5 active voice sentences in the text above, and turn them into
passive voice sentences
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
There is/ There are
9
a. Example
There is a layer of cells found just below the top surface of a leaf.
There are two different kinds of tubes: phloem and xylem.
There is some milk on the fridge
b. Form of There is/are

There + is + singular noun
There + are + plural noun
There + is + uncountable noun
Activity 3b : Fill in the blank with There is/ There are

a. Trees grow the most in the spring and summer, where a lot of sunshine
every day.
b. some stored sugars we gather and eat from plants.
c. too much chlorophyll in the leaves of the plant.
d. two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and
anoxygenic photosynthesis.
e. In the chloroplasts chlorophyll.
4
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
This/ These – That/Those
9
a. Example:
When sunlight shines on the top of a leaf the light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll.
This energy is stored for later use.
There is a layer of cells found just below the top surface of a leaf. These cells contain
chloroplasts.
b. Form of This/ These – That/Those
This + is + singular noun / This + singular noun/uncountable noun + verb/be

These + are + plural noun / These + plural noun + verb/be
Activity 3c : - Decide whether the sentence is True (T)or False (F),

- Underline once for “this/these”, twice for “the noun”, three times for
“the verb/be”
- If the sentence is (F), Write the correct sentence.
Example:
T/ F There is a layer of cells found just below the top surface of a leaf. These cell
contain chloroplasts. Correction : These cells contain chloroplasts.
1. T/F Phloem tubes carry sugars down from the leaves. These sugars are stored
in the lower stem and roots.
2. T/F Molecules of carbon dioxide from the air reach the cells where chlorophyll
has trapped energy from sunlight. This trapped energy turns the carbon
dioxide into a variety of sugars and oxygen.
5
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Group Presentation (After Meeting) (1-2 Groups) – (Picture taken from the video)
9
Presenting “The process of Photosynthesis” in English
6
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
9
7
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
9
8
HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Activity 1 : Read the following information
10
The Digestive Process
The digestive process begins in the mouth. Food is partly broken down by the process of
chewing and by the chemical action of salivary enzymes (these enzymes are produced by
the salivary glands and break down starches into smaller molecules). After being chewed
and swallowed, the food enters the esophagus. The esophagus is a long tube that runs from
the mouth to the stomach. It uses rhythmic,
wave-like muscle movements (called
peristalsis) to force food from the throat into
the stomach. This muscle movement gives us
the ability to eat or drink even when we're
upside-down. The stomach is a large, sack-like
organ that churns the food and bathes it in a
very strong acid (gastric acid). Food in the
stomach that is partly digested and mixed with
stomach acids is called chyme. After being in
the stomach, food enters the duodenum, the
first part of the small intestine. It then enters
the jejunum and then the ileum (the final part
of the small intestine). In the small intestine,
bile (produced in the liver and stored in the gall
bladder), pancreatic enzymes, and other
digestive enzymes produced by the inner wall
of the small intestine help in the breakdown of
food. After passing through the small intestine,
food passes into the large intestine. In the large
intestine, some of the water and electrolytes
(chemicals like sodium) are removed from the food. Many microbes (bacteria
like Bacteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella) in the large
intestine help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called the
cecum (the appendix is connected to the cecum). Food then travels upward in the
ascending colon. The food travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon, goes back
down the other side of the body in the descending colon, and then through the sigmoid
colon. Solid waste is then stored in the rectum until it is excreted via the anus.
1
Glossary Words:
10
Digestion Movements Solid waste
Begins Force Excreted
Broken down Upside-down Absorb
Chew Sack-like Liquid
Chemical action Churns Acid
Enzymes Mix Juice
Produced by Passing through Remain
Swallow Removed Push
Tube Ascending Wait
Muscle Descending
Note:
2
10
Activity 2 : Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
stomach chewed food energy
rectum liver mouth small intestine
waste saliva large intestine digestion
system swallow tongue pharynx
acid absorbed liquids esophagus
All animals need to eat ______________ to get ____________ to live. But in order to use this food,
they have to break it down in a process called __________________. And so, all animals have a
group of connected organs called the digestive __________________.
In humans, the process of digestion begins in the _____________ where food is ________________
into small pieces by the teeth. The _______________ helps by moving these pieces around.
These pieces are covered by ________________, or spit. The saliva makes the food slippery so
that it is easier to _______________. It also helps to break down the food. Once the food is
swallowed, it passes through the _______________, which is like a gate that sends food into the
______________ and air into the lungs. The food travels down the esophagus and into the
______________. Once in the stomach the food is mixed with _____________ and crushed some
more. After spending some time in the stomach, the food is sent into the
________________________ where nutrients are ______________. The _____________ helps by producing
some digestive juices called bile. Next, the remaining food goes into the
_________________________ where the _______________ are absorbed. The remaining food is called
_________________ and it is pushed into the ________________ where it waits before leaving the
body.
3
10
Activity 3 : Find the digestive system words below in the grid
Absorb Excrete Nutrients Small Intestine

Appendix Filter Pancreas Stomach
Chew Large Intestine Pharynx Swallow
Digest Liver Rectum Teeth
Esophagus Mouth Saliva Tongue
4
10
Simple Present tense
Nominal sentence To be Examples

I Am a. The esophagus is a long tube that runs from the
You
mouth to the stomach
We Are
They b. The stomach is a large, sack-like organ that
churns the food and bathes it in a very strong
She
He Is acid
It
Verbal sentence Auxiliary Examples

I a. The digestive process begins in the mouth
You
b. It uses rhythmic, wave-like muscle movements
We Do
They to force food from the throat into the stomach.
c. Many microbes in the large intestine help in the
She
He Does digestion process.
It
d. All animals need to eat food to get energy to
live
Activity 5 : Find 5 example of simple present tense sentences in the activity 2 text, turn the
sentences into negative and interrogative forms.
1. Sentence : Animals have to break the food down in a process called digestion
(-) Animals do not have to break the food down in a process called digestion
(?) do animals have to break the food down in a process called digestion
2. Sentence :
3. Sentence :
4. Sentence :
5. Sentence :
5
Gerund
10
Preposition + Gerund
Verb + Ing (Function as : Noun phrase)
After being chewed and swallowed, the food enters the esophagus.
Prep Be + ing Subject Verb
Activity 5 : Find other examples of Preposition + Gerund in the text activity 1 and 2
Underline the Preposition, Gerund, Subject and Verb in the sentences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
Group Presentation (After Meeting) (1-2 Groups)
10
1. Label the parts of human digestive system, then
2. Present “The Process of Digestive System” in English.
7
HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
11
What is the immune system?
The immune system helps to protect us against diseases caused by tiny invaders (called
pathogens) such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The immune system is made up of
specialized organs, cells, and tissues that all work together to destroy these invaders. Some
of the main organs involved in the immune system include the spleen, lymph nodes,
thymus, and bone marrow.
How does it work?
The immune system develops all kinds of cells that
help to destroy disease causing microbes. Some of
these cells are specifically designed for a certain kind
of disease. All throughout the body, disease fighting
cells are stored in the immune system waiting for the
signal to go to battle. The immune system is able to
communicate throughout the entire body. When
pathogens are detected, messages are sent out,
warning that the body is being attacked. The immune
system then directs the correct attacking cells to the
problem area to destroy the invaders.
Antigens and Antibodies
Scientists call the invaders that can cause disease antigens. Antigens trigger an immune
response in the body. One of the main immune responses is the production of proteins that
help to fight off the antigens. These proteins are called antibodies.
How do the antibodies know which cells to attack?
In order to work properly, the immune system must know which cells are good cells and
which are bad. Antibodies are designed with specific binding sites that only bind with
certain antigens. They ignore "good" cells and only attack the bad ones. You can see from
the picture above that the antibodies each have a specially designed binding site. They will
only bind with the antigen that has a "marker" that matches up perfectly.
Types of Immunity Cells
The immune system has cells that perform specific functions. These cells are found in the
blood stream and are called white blood cells.
B cells - B cells are also called B lymphocytes. These cells produce antibodies that bind to
antigens and neutralize them. Each B cell makes one specific type of antibody. For example,
there is a specific B cell that helps to fight off the flu.
T cells - T cells are also called T lymphocytes. These cells help to get rid of good cells that
have already been infected.
Helper T cells - Helper T cells tell B cells to start making antibodies or instruct killer T cells
to attack.
Killer T cells - Killer T cells destroy cells that have been infected by the invader.
Memory cells - Memory cells remember antigens that have already attacked the body.
They help the body to fight off any new attacks by a specific antigen.
1
HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
How do we get immunity?
11
The immune system is very smart and can adapt to new infections. Our bodies gain
immunities in two ways: natural and acquired. Natural - When we are born, our bodies
already have some immunity. Babies get antibodies from their mother as they are growing
in the womb. They may also gain some antibodies from their mother's milk. Acquired - Our
bodies also learn immunities over time. When we get sick, our body learns how to fight off
the disease. The next time that disease invades, our body is ready for it and can quickly
produce antibodies to prevent infection. We can also gain immunity from vaccines.
Activity 2 : Glossary Words
Protect Develops Infections

Diseases Attacked Gain
Caused by Trigger Acquired
Invaders Fight off Womb
Destroy Bind Fight off
Invaders Matches up
Involved Adapt
Note :
2
HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
11
Relative Clauses
Relative Use Examples

Subject or object The immune system develops all kinds of cells
Pronoun That pronoun for animals that help to destroy disease causing
and things microbes.
Activity 4 : Find other examples of Relative pronoun in the activity 1 text.
3
HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
Activity 5 : Group Presentation (Using the prepared video)
11
(After Meeting) (1-2 Groups)
Present “The Process of Immune System” in English.
Video can be downloaded in:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcSm38tu2zM
4
HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
12
The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system) delivers nutrients and oxygen to
all cells in the body. It consists of the heart and the blood vessels running through the entire
body. The arteries carry blood away from the heart; the veins carry it back to the heart. The
system of blood vessels resembles a tree: The “trunk,” the main artery (aorta), branches into
large arteries, which lead to smaller and smaller vessels. The smallest arteries end in a
network of tiny vessels, the capillary network. There is not only one blood circulatory
system in the human body, but two, which are connected: The systemic
circulation provides organs, tissues and cells with
blood so that they get oxygen and other vital
substances. The pulmonary circulation is where the
fresh oxygen we breathe in enters the blood. At the
same time, carbon dioxide is released from the
blood.
Blood circulation starts when the heart relaxes
between two heartbeats: blood flows from
both atria (the upper two chambers of the heart)
into the ventricles (the lower two chambers) which
then expand. The following phase is called ejection
period, which is when both ventricles pump the
blood into the large arteries.
In the systemic circulation, the left ventricle
pumps oxygen-rich blood into the
main artery (aorta). The blood travels from the
main artery to larger and smaller arteries into
the capillary network. There the blood releases
oxygen, nutrients and other important substances
and takes on carbon dioxide and waste substances.
The blood, which is now low in oxygen, is now
collected in veins and travels to the right atrium and into the right ventricle.
Now pulmonary circulation starts: The right ventricle pumps blood that carries
little oxygen into the pulmonary artery, which branches off into smaller and
smaller arteries and capillaries. The capillaries form a fine network around the
pulmonary vesicles, grape-like air sacs at the end of the airways. This is where carbon
dioxide is released from the blood into the air contained in the pulmonary vesicles and fresh
oxygen enters the bloodstream. When we breathe out, carbon dioxide leaves our body.
Oxygen-rich blood travels through the pulmonary vein and the left atrium into the left
ventricle. The next heart beat starts a new cycle of systemic circulation.
1
Activity 2 : Answer these following questions based on the information above.
12
1. Carbon dioxide rich blood travels from the body into the heart
through the ____________
2. The Right _______ receives carbon dioxide rich blood from the body.
3. Blood travels from the Right Atrium to the _________ to be pumped to the lungs.
4. Blood from the Right Ventricle is ________ rich.
5. The lungs replace the carbon dioxide with ________
6. Oxygen rich blood is returned to the heart into the Left ________
7. Blood passes through the Left Atrium to the __________
8. The Left Ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood through the ______ to all parts of the
body.
9. There are two blood circulatory system in human body, they are
_________________ and _____________________
10. Oxygen-rich blood travels through the ___________________ and the left atrium
into the left ventricle.
2
12
Glossary Words:
Blood Tiny Expand

Circulatory system Capillary Phase
Deliver Connected Ejection period
Consists Provides Pump
Vessel Tissues Waste
Entire Substances Vesicles
Carry …….. away from Breathe in Contained
Resembles Released from Bloodstream
Branches Relaxes
Lead Flows
Note:
3
Activity 3 : Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
12
veins transport circulatory blood
arteries oxygen lungs heart
nutrients energy carbon dioxide pumped
capillaries dark bright intestine
away heat to atmosphere
All animals need to ________________ materials around to the different parts of their
body. This is the job of the ________________ system. The circulatory system consists of a
liquid called _______________, a pump called the ________________ and a series of vessels
called _________________ and ________________. One thing that must be transported around
is a gas called _____________. Oxygen enters the blood through the ______________. It is
then ____________ through the heart and around the body where it is used along with
food to make ______________. The body produces another gas called _______________,
which is a waste product. This gas is carried back to the heart and then to the lungs
where it is released back into the _______________. The vessels that transport blood
_________ from the heart are called arteries. The blood in arteries is _____________ red
because it is rich in oxygen. The vessels that transport blood _______________ the heart
are called veins. The blood in veins is ______________ red because it is low in oxygen.
________________ are small vessels that join the arteries and veins. _______________ from
food are also transported around the body by the circulatory system. They enter the
blood from the small _________________. The circulatory system also helps to regulate
temperature by transporting _________________ around the body.
4
12
Relative Clauses
Relative Use Examples

Which Subject or object The blood, which is now low in oxygen, is
Pronoun pronoun for animals now collected in veins and travels to the right
and things atrium and into the right ventricle
Where Refers to a place The pulmonary circulation where the fresh
oxygen we breathe in enters the blood.
Adverb
When Refers to a time Blood circulation starts when
expression the heart relaxes between two heartbeats
Activity 5 : Find relative clauses in text activity 3, and decide which relative clauses
they belong to.
5
Activity 6 : find the circulatory system words below in the grid
12
1
4 5 6
8 9
10
11
12
13 14
15
Across Down
3. The place where nutrients enter the blood. 1. The heart ___________ blood.
7. The pump in the circulatory system. 2. The heart, blood, and vessels.
8. A small vessel that connects veins and 4. Blood in arteries is ____________ red because
arteries. it is rich in oxygen.
10. The circulatory system ___________ 5. The largest artery in the body.
nutrients, gases, liquids, and heat around the 6. A waste gas that is transported in veins
body. from the body to the lungs via the heart.
11. The circulatory system transports this, 9. A vessel that moves blood away from the
which helps regulate temperature.
heart.
12. The liquid in the circulatory system.
13. The place where oxygen enters the blood
and carbon dioxide leaves the blood.
14. A vessel that moves blood to the heart.
15. A gas that is transported in arteries from
the lungs to the rest of the body via the heart.
6
Group Presentation (After Meeting) (1-2 Groups)
12
1. Label the parts of human circularoty system, then
2. Present “The Process of Circulatory System” in English.
7
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Activity 1 : Read the following information!
13
Human breathes in using a muscle called the diaphragm. It flattens out making our lungs
expand and fill with air. When we breathe in, air gets forced through our nose or mouth, down
our trachea or windpipe, and into bronchi tubes in our
lungs. These bronchi tubes branch out and get smaller
and smaller, like the roots or branches of a tree. At the
end of the smallest branches of the bronchi are tiny air
sacs called alveoli. These air sacs have a very thin, one
cell thick wall that allows oxygen to be passed to red
blood cells as they are passing by. There are hundreds
of millions of these tiny things in our lungs. Breathing
out the alveoli do not just pass oxygen to our blood,
they also help to clean out waste gas from our blood
cells. This waste gas is carbon dioxide. When we need
to breathe the carbon dioxide out of our lungs, the
diaphragm bows up and pushes the air back out, getting rid of the carbon dioxide. This makes
room for fresh air with new oxygen to come back in on our next breath.
Activity 2 : Study the following words.
Muscle Trachea or windpipe Waste gas
Diaphragm Bronchi tubes Carbon dioxide
Flattens out Alveoli Bows up
Lung Thick wall Pushes
Expand Allows Getting rid
Breathe in Red blood cells
1
Activity 3 : Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks
13
air oxygen inhale exhale
lungs trachea respiratory cough
carbon dioxide yawn bronchi pharynx
hiccup diaphragm water vapor nose
mouth sneeze blood
All animals need ________________ to make energy from food. We get this oxygen from the
_____________ that we breathe. In order to get the oxygen into the blood where it can be
transported to the rest of the body, the air travels through a system of organs called the
_______________ system.
When you ________________, air enters the body through the _______________ or the ____________.
From there it passes through the ______________, which forces air into the _______________ and food
into the esophagus. The air travels down the trachea into two branching tubes called
________________ and then on into the ________________.
In the lungs oxygen from the air enters the _______________. At the same time, the waste gas
____________________ leaves the blood and then leaves the body when you ___________________. Some
__________________ also leaves the body when you exhale, which is why mirrors get foggy when
you breathe on them. The ______________ is the muscle that controls the lungs.
It is important to keep the respiratory system clear so oxygen can keep flowing into your
body. If something gets in your nose and irritates it, you ___________________. If something gets in
your trachea or bronchi and irritates it, you _________________. If something irritates your
diaphragm, you _________________. Finally, if the brain thinks you are not getting enough oxygen,
then it forces you to _________________.
2
13
Phrasal Verb
a. Example
Human breathes in using a muscle called the diaphragm.
It flattens out making our lungs expand and fill with air.
b. Form of phrasal verb
Verb + Preposition
4a. Find other phrasal verbs in the text activity 1 and 3, and find the
meaning of phrasal verbs you found.
1. ...………………………........... 6. ………………………………...
2. ………………………………... 7. ...………………………...........
3. ...………………………........... 8. ………………………………...
4. ………………………………... 9. ...………………………...........
5. ...………………………........... 10.………………………………...
3
Activity 5 : Crosswords
13
1
2 3
4 5 6
8 9
10
11 12 13
14 15
16
17 18
19
Across Down
2. One of two places where air enters your 1. This prevents food from going down your
body. lungs.
4. When we exhale we breathe this plus 3. All animals need this gas to make energy
carbon dioxide. from food.
7. You do this when something irritates your 5. Scientific name for the windpipe.
nose. 6. Inhale and exhale.
8. You do this when you don't get enough 9. Common name for the trachea.
oxygen to your blood. 10. Fish have these instead of lungs.
11. A gas that you breathe out. It is a waste 11. You do this when something irritates
gas. your trachea or bronchi.
14. The place where oxygen enters the blood. 12. Two tubes that connect the trachea to the
16. You do this when something irritates your lungs.
diaphragm. 13. Breathe in.
17. Breathe out. 15. One of two places where air enters your
19. Large muscle that controls the lungs. body.
18. What we breathe.
4
Activity 6 : Group Presentation (After Meeting) (1-2 Groups)
13
Present “The Process of respiratory System” in English.

Compile

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Compile

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

BIOLOGI

Activity 1: Read the following information!

Variety of living organisms

Living organisms share characteristics such as the

Characteristics of living organisms

Living organisms have the following characteristics

 Movement - they can move and change their position.

Activity 2 : Answer questions below based on the information above!

1. What is the meaning of living organism?

The ultra structure of cells

Animal cell structure

The main parts of an animal cell are the nucleus, cell

 do not have cell walls

Animals usually have nerves or nervous systems for

Plant cell structure

Plant cells contain the same parts as animal

Activity 2: Grammar Focus

Simple Present tense + Indefinite Adverb of frequency

Nominal To be Indefinite Adverb Examples

Activity 4: Name the following parts of body and their function!

Animals vary in complexity, from sea sponges to crickets to chimpanzees, and

Wild animals Pets Extinct Animals

Nominal sentence To be Examples

Verbal sentence Examples

Almost all plants live on land and

Activity 3: Grammar Focus

Future tense with will

Activity 4: Exercise – Please continue the following words. Make it up to be good

a. It will grow green and healthily

b. It will turn yellow and spindly

2. What will happen to a plant that is left un-watered?

a. It will move to where there is water

b. It will grow well and healthily

c. It will wilt and eventually die

3. Which three things do plants need to make food?

a. Water, heat, oxygen

b. Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight

c. Water, sugar, air

c. It's impossible to say

c. It's impossible to say

a. It's colder in the winter

b. It doesn't rain as much in the winter

c. The grass is sulking

7. What job does the stem of the plant NOT do?

a. Breathes for the plant

b. Holds the plant upright

c. Carries water and minerals up to the leaves

a. Because it will be cold AND dark in the fridge

b. Because the plant in the fridge will have access to food

c. Because the temperature will be the same in both positions

10. What job do the roots of a plant NOT do?

a. Take up water and nutrients from the soil

b. Keep the plant steady and upright

c. Make food and send it out to the rest of the plant

b) Two (skeletal and smooth)

c) Three (cardiac, skeletal, smooth)

d) Four (cardiac, skeletal, smooth, stripy)

2. What are teeth made of?

d) Dentine and enamel

3. How long is your large intestine?

c) The size of a football field

a) Anus and urinary tract

b) Mouth and eye