Plato

Plato’s Theory of Forms

1. Cratylus 389a-c, 439b-440e
2. Phaedo 65d, 72e-76e, 78c-79a, 95e-107b
3. Symposium 210a-211b
4. Republic 507a-511e, 514a-518d, 523a-525b, 533b-535a, 596a-597d
5. Parmenides 127d-130a, 132b-c, 135b-c
6. Aristotle, Metaphysics I.6, 987a29-b14
7. G.M.A. Grube, Plato’s Thought, pp. 5-6; or Alexander of Aphrodisias,
On Aristotle, Metaphysics 1 (trans. W. Dooley), pp. 115-20
8. D. Bostock, Plato’s Phaedo, pp. 94-101, 194-201, 207-13
9. R.C. Cross and A. Woozley, Plato’s Republic, pp. 178-95; also in G.
Vlastos (ed.) Plato I, “Knowledge, Belief and the Forms,” pp. 81-96
10.A. Wedberg, “Plato’s Theory of Ideas,” in G. Vlastos (ed.) Plato I; also
a chapter in Wedberg’s book Plato’s Philosophy of Mathematics
11.M. Frede, “Being and Becoming in Plato,” Oxford Studies in Ancient
Philosophy, supplementary volume, 1988
12.G. Vlastos, “A Metaphysical Paradox,” in his Platonic Studies; also in
R. Kraut (ed.), Plato’s Republic, 181-96.

The Parmenides
1. Parmenides 127d-136e
2. Republic 485a-b, 596a, 597b-c, Symposium 210e-211b, Phaedo 100c,
Timaeus 28a,e, 29b-c, 50c, 51a, Phaedrus 250a-b, Philebus 14c-15c
3. Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics 1217b2-16, 1218a1-8; Nicomachean Ethics 1096a11-19;
Metaphysics 1039a33-b2
4. G. Vlastos, “The Third Man Argument in the Parmenides,” The Philosophical
Review 1954; also in R.E. Allen (ed.) Studies in Plato’s Metaphysics; also in
G. Vlastos, Studies in Greek Philosophy vol. II
5. C. Strang, “Plato and the Third Man,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,
supplementary vol. 37, 1963; also in G. Vlastos (ed.) Plato I

Recollection
1. Meno 80d-86c, 97a-98b
2. Phaedo 72e-76e
3. Phaedrus 249b-c, Timaeus 41d-e
4. Euthydemus 277e-278b
5. Republic 498d
6. D. Bostock, Plato’s Phaedo, pp. 60ff.
7. G. Vlastos, “Anamnesis in the Meno,” Dialogue 1965; also in J. Day (ed.) Plato’s Meno in
Focus; also in G. Vlastos, Studies in Greek Philosophy, vol. II, pp. 147-65.
The Contrast of Being and Becoming
1. Phaedo 78c-79a, 80b, 102b-d
2. Republic 475c-480a, 485b, 518c-d, 525b-c, 585b-586b, 596a-597d
3. Cratylus 439b-440e
4. Symposium 207d-208b
5. Timaeus 27d-28a, 37c-38b, 48d-52d
6. Theaetetus 152d-e, 157a-b, 160a-c, 181b-183c
7. Parmenides 152b-e, 163d
8. Sophist 248a-249d
9. Philebus 26d, 27b, 54a-d, 59a-c, 61d-e
10. Laws 893b-c
11. Aristotle, Physics 253b9-11
12. M. Frede, “Being and Becoming in Plato,” Oxford Studies in Ancient
Philosophy, supplementary volume, 1988
13. G.E.L. Owen, “The Place of the Timaeus in Plato’s Dialogues,”
in R.E. Allen (ed.), Studies in Plato’s Metaphysics, pp. 322-25
14. H. Cherniss, “The Relation of the Timaeus to Plato’s Later Dialogues,” in R.E. Allen
(ed.), Studies in Plato’s Metaphysics, pp. 349-60.

The Soul
1. Republic 435a-442d, 443d, 485a-e, 505d, 519a-c, 550b, 553b-d, 554b-e, 558c-559d,
571a-572a, 574a, 580b-581e
2. Timaeus 69c-72d
3. Phaedo 94b-d
4. Meno 77b-78b
5. Gorgias 499e
6. Phaedrus 245c-247c
7. Laws 959a-b
9. Charmides 168b
10. Aristotle, Magna Moralia 1182a15-26; Eudemian Ethics 1216b2-9
11. T. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory, 191-95
12. J. Cooper, “Plato’s Theory of Human Motivation,” History of Philosophy Quarterly 1984;
also in G. Fine, ed., Plato 2: Ethics, Politics, religion and the Soul
13. J. Moline, “Plato on the Complexity of the Psyche,” Archiv fur Geschichte der
Philosophie 1978
14. J. Stalley, “Plato’s Arguments for the Division of the Reasoning and Appetitive Elements
in the Soul,” Phronesis 1975

Plato’s Epistemology
1. Meno 80d-86c, 97a-98b
2. Phaedo 65d-67b, 72e-76e, 78c-79a, 95e-107b
3. Republic 475e-480a, 490a-b, 507b-511e, 514a-518d, 523a-525b, 531c-535a
4. Timaeus 51d-52c
5. D. Bostock, Plato’s Theaetetus, pp. 15-20, 26-31
6. R.C. Cross and A.D. Woozley, Plato’s Republic, pp. 166-78;also in G.
Vlastos (ed.) Plato I, pp. 70-87.
7. R. Robinson, Plato’s Earlier Dialectic, pp. 123-42, 146-62.
Knowledge and Opinion
1. Republic 475b-480a, 506b-e, 508d

Love
1. Symposium 199c-212c
2. Phaedrus 244a-257b
3. Republic 402d-403c, 412d, 452d-e, 457b, 474b-475c, 485a-e, 490b, 500b-c, 583b-587b,
611e-612a
4. Laws 636b-d, 782d-783b, 835b-842a
5. G. Vlastos, “The Individual as an Object of Love in Plato,” in his Platonic Studies, pp. 3-
34
6. T. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory, pp. 267-72, 342-44.
7. Irving Singer, The Nature of Love: Plato to Luther, chapter on Plato

The Theaetetus
Knowledge and Perception

1. Theaetetus 171a, 178b, 179c, 184b-187a, 188e-189a, 193c, 195a, 207b-c

2. Republic 436a-b, 476e-477a, 507b-c, 523a-525a, 602c-603a
3. Phaedo 65a-67b, 79c-d, 81b, 82e-83e
4. Timaeus 45b-46a
5. D. Bostock, Plato’s Theaetetus, pp. 15-20, 26-31, 110-113,118-37, 142-45
6. J. Cooper, “Plato on Sense Perception and Knowledge: Theaetetus 184 to 186,” Phronesis
1970, pp. 101-22

False Judgment

1. Theaetetus 187a-200d, 167a-b, 171a

2. Parmenides 132b-c, 161e-162a
3. Sophist 259e-264d
4. Cratylus 429d, 430c-431b
5. D. Bostock, Plato’s Theaetetus, pp. 161-85, 196-97
6. N. Denyer, Language, Thought and Falsehood, pp. 108-117, p. 217, n. 1.
7. M. Frede, “Plato’s Sophist on False Statements, in R. Kraut (ed.), Cambridge Companion
to Plato, pp. 397-99, 411 [from the the last paragraph]-423.

True Judgment with an Account

1. Theaetetus 200e-203d, 205a-210b

2. Symposium 202a
3. Meno 75b-d, 97a-98b
4. Phaedo 76b
5. Timaeus 51d-e
6. Republic 531e, 533b-c, 534b-c
7. D. Bostock, Plato’s Theaetetus, pp. 202-8, 211-13, 219, 222, 225-34, 262-67
Refutation of Protagoras
1. Theaetetus 168c-179d
2. M. Burnyeat, “Protagoras and Self-Refutation in Plato’s Theaetetus,” Philosophical
Review
1976 172-95

Protagoras
1. Republic 602c-603a

The Sophist
I. Problems about Falsity and Not Being: 236d-242b

1. Sophist 254b, 257b, 260b-c, 263d, 261c; Parm. 132b-c, 142a, 153a, 160-161a, 161e-162a,
163e-164b; Republic 478b-c; Timaeus 38b; Theaetetus 189a-b.
2. J. Malcolm, “Plato’s Analysis of τÎ Ðν and τÎ µ¬ Ðν in the Sophist,” Phronesis 1967,
pp. 135-38.
3. W. Runciman, Plato’s Later Epistemology, pp. 61-70.
4. G.E.L. Owen, “Plato on Not-Being,” in G. Vlastos (ed.), Plato I, pp. 226, n. 8; 227; 241-
50; 258-62.
5. J. Moravcsik, “Being and Meaning in the Sophist,” Acta Philosophica Fennica, 1962, pp.
26-27.

II. Problems about Being 242b-251a

1. Sophist 250a-c, 252d, 255e; Symp. 211b; Republic 526a; Cratylus 440a; Parm. 129b-d,
156c, 162e; Theaet. 156a, 185d; Phil. 59a.
2. J. Malcolm, “ Plato’s Analysis of τÎ Ðν and τÎ µ¬ Ðν in the Sophist,” pp. 131-35.
3. W. Runciman, Plato’s Later Epistemology, pp. 71-82.
4. G. Vlastos, Platonic Studies, pp. 309-17.
5. J. Malcolm, “Does Plato Revise his Ontology in Sophist 246c-249d?” Archiv fhr
Geschichte der Philosophie 1983, pp. 115-27.
6. W. Bondeson, “Some Problems about Being and Predication in Plato’s Sophist,” Journal
of the History of Philosophy, 1976, pp. 242-49.
7. G.E.L. Owen, “Plato and Parmenides on the Timeless Present,” in A. Mourelatos (ed.), The
Pre-Socratics, pp. 288-92.
8. J. Moravcsik, “Being and Meaning in the Sophist,” pp. 27-41.
9. D. Keyt, “Plato’s Paradox that the Immutable is Unknowable,” Philosophical Quarterly,
pp. 1-14.
10. I.M. Crombie, An Examination of Plato’s Doctrines II, pp. 396ff.
III. Being and Not-Being

1. Republic 478b-c, 491d; Symp. 202a-b; Parm. 142b-c, 143a, 146d, 151e-152a, 155e-156a,
157b-c, 160d, 162a, 163c, 164c; Theaetetus 152d,
156e-157b, 160b-c; Politicus 284b, 286b; Timaeus 38b; Philebus 51c-d.
2. J. Malcolm, “ Plato’s Analysis of τÎ Ðν and τÎ µ¬ Ðν in the Sophist,” pp.130-46.
3. J.L. Ackrill, “Plato and the Copula,” in Plato I, pp. 210-22.
4. W. G. Runciman, Plato’s Later Epistemology, pp. 63-64, 184-98.
5. G.E.L. Owen, “Plato on Not-Being,” pp. 223-67.
6. M. Frede, Pr@dikation und Existenzaussage
7. R. Heinaman, “Being in the Sophist,” Archiv fhr Geschichte der Philosophie 1983, pp. 1-
17.
8. D. Bostock, “Plato on ‘Is Not’,” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 1984, pp. 89-119.
9. L. Brown, “Being in the Sophist: a Syntactical Inquiry,” Oxford Studies in Ancient
Philosophy, 1986, pp. 49-70.
10. J.C. Gosling, Plato, pp. 213-25.

IV. Communion of Forms: 251a-264b

1. Sophist 237c, 238b-c, 238e-239a, 240b-c, 241a-b; Phaedo 102b-c; Republic 476a, 529d-
530c; Parmenides 127d-e, 128e-130a, 135b-c, 139d-140a, 142b, 143b, 160e, 164a-b;
Theaet. 202a-b; Phil. 14c-15d; Politicus 262d-e.
2. Aristotle, Topics 137b3-13, 148a14-22;Physics 185b25-32; Metaphysics 1024b32-34.
3. R. Robinson, Plato’s Earlier Dialectic, pp. 257, 262-3.
4. J.L. Ackrill, “ΣUMPLOKH EIDΩN,” in Plato I, pp. 201-9; also in R.E. Allen (ed.),
Studies in Plato’s Metaphysics, pp. 199-206.
5. J.L. Ackrill, “Plato and the Copula,” in Plato I, pp. 214-16.
6. J. Moravcsik, “Συµπλοκη Ειδων and the Genesis of Λογος,” Archiv fhr Geschichte der
Philosophie 1960, pp. 117-29.
7. J. Moravcsik, “Being and Meaning in the Sophist,” Acta Philosophica Fennica, pp. 41-65.
8. I.M. Crombie, An Examination of Plato’s Doctrines II, pp. 401-410.
9. K. Lorenz and J. Mittelstrass, “Theaitetos fliegt,”, Archiv fhr Geschichte der
Philosophie 1966, pp. 113-41.
10. J. Malcolm, “ Plato’s Analysis of τÎ Ðν and τÎ µ¬ Ðν in the Sophist,” Phronesis
1967, pp. 139-45.
11. W. Runciman, Plato’s Later Epistemology, pp. 84-98, 104-113.
12. G. Vlastos, “An Ambiguity in the Sophist,” Platonic Studies, pp. 270-322.
13. R. Heinaman, “Communion of Forms,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 1982-83,
pp. 175-90.
14. R. Heinaman, “Self-Predication in the Sophist,” Phronesis 1981, 55-66.
15. A. Nehamas, “Participation and Predication in Plato’s Later Thought,”Review of
Metaphysics 1982, pp. 343-74.
16. P. Clarke, “The Interweaving of the Forms with One Another: Sophist 259e,” Oxford
Studies in Ancient Philosophy, pp. 35-62.
V. Falsehood: 260b-264b

1. Republic 413a, 478b-c, 479a-c; Symp. 202a-b; Parm. 131c, 134a, 144bf., 160d-161a, 163c;
Theaet. 188d, 189e; Polit. 262cff.; Phil. 15b; Seventh Letter 342b-c.
2. Aristotle, Select Fragments, Oxford Trans., vol. XII, pp. 126-27.
3. W. Runciman, Plato’s Later Epistemology, pp. 113-21.
4. J. Moravcsik, “Being and Meaning in the Sophist,” pp. 24-25, 65-77.
5. J.C. Gosling, Plato, pp. 226-28.
6. K. Lorenz and J. Mittelstrass, “Theaitetos fliegt,”, Archiv fhr Geschichte der
Philosophie 1966, pp. 141-51.
7. D. Keyt, “Plato on Falsity,” in Lee, Mourelatos, Rorty (eds.), Exegesis and Argument, pp.
285-305.
8. D. Wiggins, “Sentence Meaning, Negation, and Plato’s Problem of Non-Being,” in Plato I,
pp. 268-303.
9. E.N. Lee, “Plato on Negation and Not-Being in the Sophist,” Philosophical Review 1972,
pp. 267-304.
10. G.E.L. Owen, “Plato on Not-Being,” in Plato I, pp. 231-38, 262-65.
11. J. McDowell, “Falsehood and Not-Being in Plato’s Sophist,” in M.Schofield and M.
Nussbaum (eds.), Language and Logos, pp. 115-35.
12. J. Kostman, “False Logos and Not-Being in Plato’s Sophist,” in J. Moravcsik (ed.)
Patterns in Plato’s Thought, pp. 192-212.
13. F. Lewis, “Plato on Not,” California Studies in Antiquity 1977.
14. M. Frede, “Plato’s Sophist on False Statements,” in R. Kraut (ed.)
Cambridge Companion to Plato, pp. 397-423.

Justice Pays
1. Republic 357a-369a, 415d-417b, 419a-421c, 519c-521b, 427c-428a, 432b-435c, 441c-
445e, 466a-c, 544a-b, 545a-b, 554b-e, 557e-558a, 580b-592b, 612a-614b.
2. Apology, 28b, d, 29b; Gorgias 469c, 473a, 474b-475e, 482b, 504b-e, 507a-c, 508e, 522d-e;
Crito 47d-48a, 49d-e; Phaedo 68b-69b; Laws 660d-661c, 728b-c, 889d-890a, 904d-905b,
906b-c.
3. D. Sachs, “A Fallacy in Plato’s Republic,” in G. Vlastos Plato II; and in Philosophical
Review 1963, pp. 141-58
4. G. Vlastos, “Justice and Happiness in the Republic,” in Plato II, 66-95 (much shorter if
you don’t bother with the footnotes; but to understand Vlastos’ argument it is important
that you read notes 5 and 6.)

Plato and Egoism

1. Republic 367c, 412d-413c, 419a-421e, 462d-e, 463e, 465e-466c,
485d-e, 499b, 517c-d, 519b-521b, 540a-b, 544a-b, 545a-b
2. Symposium 199c-212c, Phaedrus 244a-257b
3. R. Kraut, “Egoism, Love and Political Office in Plato,” Philosophical Review 1973, pp.
330ff.
4. T. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory, chapter VIII; 255-77
5. J. Cooper, “The Psychology of Justice in Plato,” American Philosophical Quarterly 14
(1977), 151-57; also in J. Cooper, Reason and Emotion, 138-50.
6. R. Kraut, “Return to the Cave,” 58-61.
7. Reeve, Philosopher-Kings, 269-70.
Social Justice in the Republic
1. Republic 358d-359b, 368d-370c, 406a-408b, 416c-422a, 427c-
434d, 451d-456c, 465e-466c, 517c-d, 519b-521b, 540a-c, 543b-c, 557a, 558c.
2. Laws 691b-c, 696b, 715c-d, 756e-758a.
3. Gorgias 508a
4. G. Vlastos, “The Theory of Social Justice in the Polis in Plato’s Republic,” in H. North
(ed.) Interpretations of Plato also in Vlastos, Studies in Greek Philosophy volume II;
offprint in dept. library.
5. G. Vlastos, Platonic Studies, pp. 11-19, 193-94.
6. G.Vlastos, “Rights of Persons in Plato,” Studies in GreekPhilosophy vol. II, pp. 104-25
7. T. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory, pp. 272-76 and 342-44
8. J. Wilson, “The Argument of Republic 4,” Philosophical Quarterly 1976
9. J. Neu, “Plato’s Analogy of State and Individual: The Republic and the Organic Theory of
the State,” Philosophy, 1971

Plato and Democracy

1. Republic 359a, 425c-427a, 431b-d, 462a-464a, 474b-c, 492a-494b, 496c-d, 499d-500a, d-e,
520a-521a, 555b-562a, 590c-591a
2. Gorgias 502d-504e
3. Statesman 292-293a, 296a-297b
4. Mexenus 238b-239a
5. Crito 46c-48a
6. G. Vlastos, “Slavery in Plato's Thought,” Platonic Studies, pp. 147-53; also in Philosophical
Review 1941, 289-94
7. G. Morrow, Plato’s Cretan City, pp. 74-92, 99-100.
8. L.G. Versenyi, “Plato and his Liberal Opponents,” Philosophy 46, 1971, 222-37.
9. R. Robinson, “Dr. Popper’s Defense of Democracy,” in his Essays in Greek Philosophy; also
in Philosophy Review 1951

The Status of the Polis in the Republic

1. G. Grote, Plato and the Other Companions of Socrates vol. 4, 139.
2. J. Neu, “Plato’s Analogy of State and Individual,” Philosophy , 1971, 238-54.
3. R.B. Levinson, In Defense of Plato, p. 518f.
Plato and the Status of women
1. Apology 35b
2. Republic 387e-388a, 395d, 398e, 431b-c, 451d-456c, 469d, 540c, 549c-e, 563b, 605d-e
3. Timaeus 42a-c, 90e-91a
4. Laws 695d-e, 780c-781d, 784a, 785b, 802e, 804d-806d, 833c-d, 909e-910a,
917a, 925a-c, 929e-930b, 934e, 937a, 944d-e
5. E. Barker,The Political Thought of Plato and Aristotle, pp. 39, 143-49
6. G. Klosko, The Development of Plato’s Political Thought, pp. 144- 46
7. R.B. Levinson, In Defense of Plato, pp. 125-38.
8. G. Vlastos, “Rights of Persons in Plato,” Studies in Greek Philosophy vol. II, pp. 115-17
9. G. Vlastos, “Was Plato a Feminist?”, Studies in Greek Philosophy vol. II, pp. 133-43.
10. D. Wender, “Plato: Misogynist, Paedophile, and Feminist,” Arethusa 1973, 75f.
11. C. Pierce, “Equality: Republic V,” Apeiron 1975, 1f.
12. B. Calvert, “Plato and the Equality of Women,” Phoenix 1975, 231f.
13. W. W. Fortenbaugh, “On Plato’s Feminism in Republic V,” Apeiron 1975, pp. 1ff.
14. Julia Annas, “Plato, Republic V, and Feminism,”Philosophy 1976, 307f.
15. Lessor, “Plato’s Feminism,” Philosophy, 1978
16. Susan Moller Okin, “Philosopher Queens and Private Wives: Plato on Women and the
Family,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 6 (1977) 345-69; also in N. Smith (ed.), Plato:
Critical Assessments. Volume III Plato’s Middle Period: Psychology and Value Theory,
174-93.
17. Nicholas D. Smith, “Plato and Aristotle on the Nature of Women,” Journal of the History
of Philosophy 21 (1983), 467-78; also in N. Smith (ed.), Plato: Critical Assessments.
Volume III Plato’s Middle Period: Psychology and Value Theory, pp. 194-205.
18. William Jacobs, “Plato on Emancipation and the Traditional Family, Apeiron 12 (1978).
19. Sarah Pomeroy, “Feminism in Book V of Plato’s Republic,” Apeiron 8 (1974)
20. Christopher Bobonich, Utopia Recast, 384-91.

Plato and Totalitarianism

1. Republic 389b-c, 414b-415d, 462a-464a, 590c-591a
2. R. Levinson, In Defense of Plato chapter 9
3. C. Taylor, “Plato’s Totalitarianism,” in R. Kraut (ed.), Plato’s Republic, 31-48.

Plato and Slavery

1. Lysis 207e
2. Republic 495, 549a, 563b
3. Laws 776b-778a
4. G. Morrow, “Plato and Greek Slavery,” Mind 1939, 186-201.
5. G. Vlastos, “Slavery in Plato's Thought,” Platonic Studies, pp. 147-53; also in Philosophical
Review 1941, 289-94
6. G. Vlastos, “Does Slavery Exist in Plato’s Republic?,” Platonic Studies, 140f.
7. R. Levinson, In Defense of Plato , 167-73
The Cave
1. Republic 514a-518d
2. R.G. Tanner, “Dianoia and Plato’s Cave,” Classical Quarterly 1970, 81-91.
3. J.S. Morrison, “Two Unresolved Difficulties in Plato’s Line and Cave,” Phronesis 1977,
212-31.
4. C.P. Sze, “Eikasia and Pistis in Plato’s Cave Allegory,” Classical Quarterly 1977, 127-
38.
5. J.R.S. Wilson, “The Contents of Plato’s Cave,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 1976,
117-27.
6. J. Malcolm, “The Cave Revisited,” Classical Quarterly 1981, 60-68.

The Argument of the Euthyphro

1. Euthyphro 10a-11b
2. Brown “The Logic of the Euthyphro 10a-11b,” Philosophical Quarterly 1964
3. Rose, “A Note on the Euthyphro 10-11,” Phronesis 1965
4. P. Geach, “Plato’s Euthphro,” The Monist 1966
5. Hall, “Plato, Euthyphro 10a1-11a10,” Philosophical Quarterly 1968
6. Cohen, “Socrates on the Definition of Piety. Euthyphro 10A-11B,”
Journal of the History of Philosophy 1971

The Myth of the Protagoras

1. Protagoras 320-28
2. G.B. Kerferd, “Protagoras’ Doctrine of Justice and Virtue in the
Protagoras of Plato,” Journal of Hellenic Studies 1953

No One does Wrong Willingly

1. Meno 77b-78b
2. Gorgias 466d-468e
3. Protagoras 352a-357e
4. G. Santas “The Socratic paradoxes,” Philosophical Review 1964
5. D. Gallop, “The Socratic Paradox in the Protagoras,” Phronesis 1964
6. G. Santas, “Plato’s Protagoras and the Explanations of Weakness,” Philosophical Review
1966
7. G. Vlastos, “Socrates on Acrasia,” Phoenix 1969
8. T. Penner, “Socrates on the Strength of Knowledge: Protagoras 351b-357e,” Archiv
fur Geschichte der Philosophie 1997, 117-49.
9. T. Penner, “Plato and Davidson on Akrasia,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 1997
suppl.vol. 16, 35-74.
10. R. Woolf, “Consistency and Akrasia in Plato’s Protagoras,” Phronesis 2002, 224-52.
Virtue is Knowledge
1. Laches 199a-e
2. Gorgias 460a-c
3. Protagoras 358a-360e
4. Charmides 173-4
5. Meno 87c-89a
6. Euthydemus 279d-281e, 291-2

Virtue and Happiness

1. Laws 707d.
2. D. Zeyl, “Socratic Virtue and Happiness,” in W. Prior (ed.) Socrates; also in Archiv fur
Geschichte der Philosophie 1982, 225-38.
3. G. Vlastos, “Happiness and Virtue in Socrates’ Moral Theory,” in W. Prior (ed.)
Socrates; and in G. Vlastos, Socrates, ch. 8.
4. T. Brickhouse and N. Smith, “Socrates on Goods, Virtue and Happiness,” in W. Prior
(ed.) Socrates; and in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 1987, 1-27.
5. T. Irwin, “Socrates the Epicurean?” in W. Prior (ed.) Socrates; and in Illinois in Classical
Studies 1986, 85-112.
6. G. Lesses, “Plato’s Lysis and Irwin’s Socrates,” in W. Prior (ed.) Socrates
7. G. Klosko, “Socrates on Goods and Happiness,” in W. Prior (ed.) Socrates; and in
History of Philosophy Quarterly 1987, 251-64.
8. G. Vlastos, “The Virtuous and the Happy,” Times Literary Supplement February 24,
1987.

Unity of Virtue
1. Gorgias 507a-c
2. Republic 503b-d
3. Statesman 306b-308b, 310c-311c
4. Laws 630a, 696b-d, 733e, 963a-967but
5. Terry Penner, “The Unity of Virtue,” Philosophical Review 1973, 35-68.
6. T. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory, 86-90.
7. M. Ferejohn, “The Unity of Virtue and the Objects of Socratic Inquiry”, Journal of the
History of Philosophy 1982, 1-21.
8. M. Ferejohn, “Socratic Virtue as the Parts of Itself,” Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research 1983-84, 377-88.
9. D. Devereux, “The Unity of the Virtues in Plato’s Protagoras and Laches,” Philosophy
Review 1992, 765-89.

Evil

1. Republic 379a-d
Hedonism
1. Protagoras 351b-358d
2. Gorgias 492d-507e
3. Republic 581a-587e
4. Philebus
5. D. Zeyl, “Socrates and Hedonism: Protagoras 351b-358d,” Phronesis 1980, 250-69.

Republic Book I

1. Rep. 367b-c
2. Laws 962a-c

The Crito

1. J. Wolff An Introduction to Political Philosophy, ch. 2.

Art

1. The Republic 376c-398b, 595a-608b

2. Gorgias 501d-502d
3. Laws 653b-660d, 669e, 682a, 700a-701c, 802a-e, 814d-817e
4. Alexander Nehamas, “Plato on Imitation and Poetry in Republic 10,” in J.
Moravcsik and P. Temko (eds.), Plato on Beauty, Wisdom and the Arts
(Rotowa: Rowman & Litlefield, 1982, 47-78; also in Nicholas D. Smith
(ed.), Plato: Critical Assessments Vol. III: Plato’s Middle Period:
Psychology and Value Theory (London: Routledge, 1998), 296-323.
5. J.O. Urmson, “Plato and the Poets,” in R. Kraut (ed.), Plato’s Republic, 223-
233. Also in J. Moravcsik and P. Temko (eds.), Plato on Beauty, Wisdom
and the Arts (Rotowa: Rowman & Litlefield, 1982, 125-36.
6. Jonathan Lear, “Inside and Outside the Republic,” in J. Lear, Open Minded,
239-46.

Genuine and spurious virtue: Phaedo 68c-69c

1. Gooch, The Journal of the History of Philosophy “The relation between

wisdom and virtue in Phaedo 69a-c,” 1974 12 153-9.
2. T. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory, 160-64.
2. Gosling and Taylor, The Greeks on Pleasure Oxford 1982, 87-95
3. Weiss, “The right exchange,” Ancient Philosophy 1987 (7) 57-66.
The Lysis

1. G. Vlastos, “The Individual as an Object of Love in Plato,” in Platonic

Studies, 3-11.
2. M. Roth, “Did Plato Nod? Some Conjectures on Egoism and Friendship in
the Lysis,” Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophie 1995, 1-20.

Protagoras in the Theaetetus

1. Theaetetus 152a-c, 168c-179d

2. M. Burnyeat, “Protagoras and Self-Refutation in Plato's Theaetetus,” The
Philosophical Review 85, 2 (April 1976):172-195.
3. J. McDowell, Plato: Theaetetus, 168-179

Mixed constitution in the Laws

1. Laws 682e-689e, 693d-701e, 751a-768a, 855c-856a, 875d- 876e, 945b-948b,

951c-952b, 961a-962e
2. Aristotle, Politics 1265b28-1266a30
3. G. Morrow, ‘The Mixed Constitution,’ Plato’s Cretan City, chapter 10
 PHILOSOPHY 204 PLATO' S METAPHYSICS
I. The Parmenides

A. Zeno's Argument and Socrates' Summary of the Theory of Forms: 127e-

130a

1. Parm. 131d, 135d-e, 137c-d, 150a-b, 158e-159a; Rep. 436b-437a, 476a, 509b8
10, 515d-e; Phaedrus 261d; Phaedo 74 b-c, 102d-103c, 104c, 105a; Symp. 210e-
211a; Phil. 14d; Soph. 245a, 251a-c; Seventh Letter, 343a-b; Prot. 331a-d
2. R. E. Allen, Plato's Parmenides, pp. 67-87
3. I. M. Crombie, An Examination of Plato's Doctrines vol. II, pp. 326-28
4. A. Nehamas. "Participation and Predication in Plato's Later Thought," Review of
Metaphysics 1982, 347-51

B. The Extent of the Forms: 130a-e

1. Parm. 133d-e, 136a-b; Cratylus 389b-d, 439d, 440b; Euthyphro 5d;

Alcibiades I, 111-12; Phaedo 65d, 75d-e, 104d, 106d; Rep. 402b-c, 476a,
485b, 507, 510c-511b, 523a-525a, 596b-597a, 612e; Phaedrus 263a;
Theaet. 147a-c; Tim. 31a, 37d; Soph. 257c-258c; Pol. 262c-263e; Philebus 51c
Laws 890d; Seventh Letter 342d-e
2. Aristotle, Metaphysics 987b8-10, 990a34-b8, 991b6, 1070a18, 1078b32-34
3. H. F. Cherniss, Aristotle's Criticism of Plato and the Academy, pp. 235-60
4. G. E. L. Owen, " A Proof in the Pan Ideon," in R. E. Allen (ed.) Studies in
Plato's Metaphysics (SPM), pp. 302-8
5. D. Keyt, "The Fallacies inPhaedo 102a-107b Phronesis 1963, p. 168, n. 2
6. A. Nehamas, "Predication and Forms of Opposites in the Phaedo," Review of
Metaphysics 1973
7. R. E. Allen, Plato's Parmenides, pp. 110-13.
8. M. Frede, Photocopy of trans. from Pradikation und Existenzaussage, pp. 28-31

C. Participation by Whole & Part 130e-131e

1. Parm. 129d, 133c, 134b, 130b, 137c, 144b-d, 147a, 148e-149a, 150a-b, 159c-d
Phaedo 68d, 79d, 81a-c, 100e-101a, 102b, 102d, 103b; Rep. 335c-d; 484b-c,
501b, 519b, Symp. 211a-b; Soph. 245a, 257c; Phil. 15b; Phaedrus 247c; Tim.52a
2. Aristotle, Topics 113d24-32; Meta. 991a8-14, 1039a33-b2, Fragments (ed.
Ross) p. 128-29. (English trans. Select Fragments - Oxford tr. 132-3
3. H. F. Cherniss, Aristotle's Criticism of Plato and the Academy, appendix VI
4. R. E. Allen, Plato’s Parmenides, pp. 113-34
5. G. Fine, "Immanence," Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 1986
D. The Regress Arguments 132a-l33b

1. Parm. l34b, l37c, 139e, l40c-d, 142b-c, 147d-e, l48a, 157c, 158a-b, 158e-159a,
l59c, 161b, Hip. Maj. 289c, 292e; Lysis 217d; Prot. 330c-332a, 349a-d
Cratylus 439d; Phaedo 74b-75b, 96d-97b, l00c, l00e-l0ld, 106d; Rep. 438d-e,
472c-d, 476c, 507b, 510a-b, 597a-d, Soph 240a, 245a-b, 250c, 255a-b; Pol.
285-86; Tim. 28a, c, 29b, 30c, 31a-b, 37c, 39e, 48e-49a, 52a, c.
2. Aristotle, Fragmenta Selecta, pp. 125-26 (Select Fragments, vol. XII of The
Works of Aristotle, p. 129); Top. 137b3-13, 178b36-179a10; Eudemian Ethics
1217b2-16, 1218a1-8; Metaphysics 1039a33-b2
3. G. Vlastos, "The Third Man Argument in the Parmenides," Phil. Review, 1954
pp. 319-49 and in SPM, pp. 231-64.
4. G. E. L. Owen, “The Place of the Timaeus in Plato's Diologues, SPM, pp. 318
5. H. F. Cherniss, "The Relation of the Timaeus to Plato's Later Dialogues, SPM
pp. 360-74
6. R. E. Allen, "Participation and Predication in Plato's Middle Dialogues," SPM,
pp. 43-60; and in G. Viastos (ed.) Plato I, pp. 167-83.
7. C. Strang, "Plato and the Third Man" Plato I, pp. 184-200
8. G. Vlastos, "Self-Predication in Plato's Later Period," Phil. Rev. 1969, pp. 74-
78; also in Platonic Studies, 335-41
9. G. Vlastos, Platonic Studies, pp. 323-41
10.G. E. L. Owen, "Plato on the Undepictable,” in E. N. Lee, A. P. D. Mourelatas,
R.M. Rorty (eds.) Exegisis and Argument (eds.) pp. 349-61
11.S. Peterson "A Reasonable Self-Predication Premise for the Third Man
Argument,”
Philosophical Review, 1973, pp. 451-70.
12. A. Nehamas, "Predication and Forms of Opposites in the Phaedo," Review of
Metaphysics, 1973 pp, 469-79
13. A. Nehamas, "Self-Predication and Plato's Theory of Forms," American
Philosophical Quarterly, 1979
14. R. Heinaman, "Self-Predication in the Sophist,” Phronesis 1981, pp. 55-66.
15. J. Malcolm, "Vlastos on Pauline Predication," Phronesis, 1985, pp.
16. R. E. Allen, Plato’s Parmenides, pp. 134-47
17. R. Patterson, Image and Reality in Plato's Metaphysics, pp. 11-62, 165-69

E. Forms as Thoughts 132b-c

1. Soph. 238c; Tim 31b

2. Aristotle, Metaphysics 1079a26-30
3.G. E. L. Owen, "Dialectic and Eristic in the Treatment of the Forms, " in
G. E. L. Owen (ed.) Aristotle on Dialectic: the Topics pp. 103-25
4. D. Keyt, “The Mad Craftsman of the Timaeus,” Philosophical Review, pp. 451-
70
F. The Final Objection: 133b-134e
1. Parm. 150c, 152d, Rep. 438b-c; Soph. 248e
2. H. F. Cherniss, Aristotle's Criticism, p. 284
3. J. W. Forrester "Arguments an Able Man Could Refute," Phronesis 1974, pp.
233-37
4. F. Lewis "Parmenides on Separation and the Knowability of the Forms,"
Philosophical Studies 1979, pp. 105-27
5. Peterson, "The Greatest Difficulty in Plato's Theory of Forms," Archiv for
Geschichte der Philosophie, 1981, pp. 1-16
6. R.E. Allen, Plato’s Parmenides, pp. 168-77