FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO: 02
EXPERIMENT NAME: PRINCIPLE OF MOMENT
SUBMISSION DATE: 04 – 05 – 2018
SESSION NUMBER: 02
GROUP NUMBER: 04

GROUP MEMBER’S

NAME ID
AMIRUN IZZUDDIN BIN JAMALUDDIN FA15088
RINEI BINTI ARIFIN FA15061
NOR FARIEZA BINTI AZMI FB15024

LAB INSTRUCTOR
MR AIDIL SHAFIZA
1.0 Introduction
The principle of moments states that when an object is in equilibrium, the sum of
anticlockwise moments about any point equals the sum of clockwise moments about the
same point.

The moment of a force is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance
between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.

τ=Fxd

Unit of moment: Nm

A couple is a pair of forces, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, whose lines
of motion do not coincide. It will still rotate as there is a net moment. As forces are equal
and opposite, resultant force is zero and so there is no linear acceleration

2.0 Objectives
1. To verify the principle of moments for parallel and non-parallel forces.
3.0 Methodology
3.1 Apparatus
Apparatus Quality/Specification Figure

Mounting Panel 1

Pivot bar and stop 1

Pulleys 2

Knurled nuts 2

Weight hooks 3
Pivot screw 1

Cord
(approximately 1
400mm long)

Weights 1 set

3.2 Procedure
3.2.1 Preparation
 1. The mounting panel was secured in the vertical position.
2. The beam balance (pivot bar) was mounted through the hole on the
panel with the pivetscrew and was secured with nut. The stop bar
has been sure horizontal ad above the pivot bar.
3. The pulleys were positioned on the panel and them was secured
with nuts.

3.2.2 Test 1

1. The weight hooks were hung from the end holes of the bar. The
hook was inserted from the rear of the bar.
2. The weight of each weight hook is 0.4N. 1.6N load was added to
each of them to obtain total of 2N force at both side of the bars.
3. The arm “floating” was positioned between the stop.
4. Measure the distance of the weight hooks from the pivot of the bar
(the reading should be 160 mm).
5. Move the right weight hook to a hole nearer to the pivot and load it
with sufficient weights to balance the bar in the level position.
6. Record the total weight at the weight hook and their total loads, F.
7. Record the distance, d of the hole from the pivot.
3.2.3 Test 2
1. A cord with (approximately 40 cm long) was took. The right
weight hook from the bar was removed.
2. The cord over the middle pulley was passed and hooked in into the
end hole of the right arm of the bar using the lightweight hook.
3. To make the bar balance, the weight hook was loaded. The weight
of the weight hook and its load, F was recorded.

4. The perpendicular distance, d from the pivot to the cord also

recorded.
5. The test was repeated by passing the cord over the left pulley and
attach to the center arm of the bar.
4.0 Result and Calculations
4.1 Test 1

160mm 105mm
RIGHT
LEFT
2N 3.63N
PIVOT

FORCE, F DISTANCE (Measured from Momentum

(N) the pivot point), d (m) (Nm)
0.371kg x 9.81 105mm=0.105m 0.3812 Nm
=3.63N
2N 160mm = 0.160m 0.32Nm

For test 1 we need to calculate the turning moments. Moments can either be in
clockwise or anticlockwise direction. A couple is two equal force which act in
opposite directs on an object but not through the dame point so they produce a
turning effect.

Formula for moments force is = Force x Perpendicular Distance from pivot.

1. The left arm of the balance.

M=Fxd
= 3.63N x 0.105m
= 0.3812 Nm

2. The right arm of the balance.

 M=Fxd
= 2N x 0.160m
= 0.32Nm

4.2 Test 2

160mm

RIGHT 100mm
LEFT
x

2N

4.0319N

FORCE, F DISTANCE (Measured from Momentum

(N) the pivot point), d (m) (Nm)
4.0319 160mm 0.3012Nm

Before we calculate the Turning Moment, we need to find the angle at the left side
arm. By using trigonometry formula.

X = √ [(100) ^ 2 + (160) ^ 2]

= 188.67mm
 100
Tan 𝜃 = 188.67

= tan-1(0.5300)

= 27.92°

Then after find the angel we calculate the turning moments by using formula:

M = F x d (sin 𝜃)

= 4.0319 x 0.160m x sin (27.92°)

= 0.3021 N

5.0 Discussions

1. Describe how turning moment of a force is measured?

 Turning moment was measured by multiply Force acting on a body and
perpendicular distance between force and pivot.
M= F . r
M = turning moment
F = Force acting on a body
r = distance from pivot.

2. What does the principle of moment state about the turning moments of forces acting on
a body?
 Principle of moment state that the moment of any force is equal to the algebraic
sum of the moments of the components of that force.

6.0 Conclusion
The principle of moments states that, when an object is in equilibrium, the sum of
anticlockwise moments about any point equals the sum of clockwise moments about the same
point. The moment of a force is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance
between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force. A couple is a pair of forces,
equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, which lines of motion do not coincide or lines
together. Torque is the product of one of the forces and the perpendicular distance between
their lines of action of the forces.
7.0 References

1. http://physicsnet.co.uk / Moments / Accessed 03/04/2018

2. http://www.passmyexams.co.uk / Principle of Moments / Accessed 03/04/2018