Multiple choice questions

This activity contains 15 questions.

A common definition of Organisational Behaviour is that it is the study of:

Group behaviour

Patterns of organisational structure

Individual behaviour

All of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is not part of the basic framework for analysing
Organisational Behaviour issues?
The process of management

Organisational context

Gender and ethnic differences

Behaviour of people

None of the above

The four main dimensions which influence behaviour in work organisations are:

Individual, organisation, group, gender

Individual, group, organisation, environment

Group, environment, organisation, gender

Environment, group, individual, gender

The main contribution of psychology to Organisational Behaviour is the study of:

Personality, attitudes, perceptions and motives

Social structures and relationships

Social beliefs, customs and values

Philosophy and ethics of human activity

According to Morgan metaphors can be used to view an organization. These

metaphors _____________
Define work as a central life issue

All of the above

Provide a broader view of the dynamics or organisational behaviour

None of the above

Are instruments of domination

Which of the following is not an influence on behaviour in work organisations?

The environment

The building

The individual

The group

None of the above

The psychological contract is:

The match between individual and organisational expectations

The changing relationship between staff and manager

The basis for performance management

A set of moral and ethical codes for employee behaviour

The “Peter Principle” states that, in a hierarchy every employee:

Tends to rise to their natural level of competence

Tends to rise to their natural level of incompetence

Tends to challenge the views of their senior managers

Tends to seek promotion

Which of the following is a major feature of “Parkinson’s Law”?

Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion

The contingency theory

Officials make work for each other

A continual process of balancing

Cloke and Goldsmith refer to the age of traditional management coming to an end.
This is seen in the
Increase in hierarchical, bureaucratic, autocratic management styles
 Decline of hierarchical, bureaucratic, autocratic management

Increasingly international or global business environment

None of the above

Which of the following factors are cited as potential explanatory factors underlying
the trend towards globalisation?
International competitive pressure

The spread of business processes across nations and regions

International business activities such as franchising

All of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is not an advantage of cross-cultural awareness?

Miscommunication

Lessening ignorance, prejudice and hatred

Increased self awareness

Sensitivity to difference

Which of the following factors is an example of a factor affecting national culture

referred to by Brooks?
Values

Sensitivity

Individualism
 Mistrust

Which of the following is not one of the series of “languages” conceptualised by Hall?

Language of agreements

Language of group

Languages of things

Language of friendships

What is the premise relating to organisational behaviour put forward by Wood as

part of the Financial Times Mastering Management series?
Organisational behaviour can be regarded as the key to the whole area of
management.
There is a need for a cross cultural approach to the study of organisational
behaviour.
There is a dramatic change taking place in the philosophy underlying
organisational behaviour.
None of the above.

The study of management theory is important for which of the following reasons:

Management theories are interpretive and evolve with organisational changes

It helps decision making

 It is scientific

All of the above

None of the above

Which approach to the study of organisational behaviour emphasises the formal

structure, hierarchy of management, the technical requirements and the assumption
of rational behaviour?
The systems approach

The classical approach

The contingency theory

The human relations approach

Which of the following are sub-groupings of the classical approach?

Individual and bureaucracy

Scientific management and bureaucracy

Scientific management and gender management

Environment and individual

Which of the following is not a feature of a bureaucracy?

Generalism

Hierarchy of authority

Impersonality
 Specialisation

None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is an example of the Hawthorne experiments?

The bank wiring observation room

The relay assembly test room

The interview programme

The illumination experiments

All of the above

The systems approach __________________?

Emphasises the technical requirements of the organisation and its needs

Emphasises the psychological and social aspects

Encourages managers to view the organisation both as a whole and as part of a

larger environment
All of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is not a principle of action theory?

Individual members will each have their own goals and interpretation of their work
situation
 Actions can lead to changes in meanings

Sociology is concerned not just with behaviour but with meaningful action

None of the above

Which of the following is an advantage of dividing the writers on organisational

management into various approaches?
It enables the manager to take from the different approaches those ideas which best
suit the requirements of the job
The use of the term “schools” provides a clear distinction between each division

The various approaches are completely unrelated

None of the above

What is the major criticism of the attempt to define generalised models of

management theory?
The assumption of national culture

The structure of management is dependent on situational variables

The categorisation of writers is arbitrary

They provide universalistic principles of behaviour.

What does Crainer suggest happens when one idea after another fails to translate
into sustainable practice?
There is a growing disillusionment with the pedlars of managerial wisdom

Corporate managers continue to trust theory

Ideas become as important to management decisions as is instinct

 Nothing

None of the above

All of the above

Multiple choice questions

Try the multiple choice questions below to test your understanding of this chapter. Once you have
answered the questions, click on Submit Answers for Grading to get your results.

This activity contains 15 questions.

Most social scientists believe individual personality is influenced by two main factors:

Local environment and family traits

Social class and family environment

Inherited characteristics and social environment

Education and genetic make-up

All of the above

None of the above

Nomothetic researchers into personality take an approach which is broadly:

Impressionistic

Scientific

Interpretive

Holistic

All of the above

 None of the above

The idiographic approach believes that early family life contributes to personality
development:
Significantly

Minimally

Occasionally

Rarely

All of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is not one of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality
difference:
Emotional stability and instability

Orderliness/untidiness

Conscientiousness and heedlessness

Extraversion/introversion

All of the above

None of the above

Eysenck describes those who are calm, even-tempered, peaceful and thoughtful as:

Sanguine

Melancholic
 Choleric

Phlegmatic

All of the above

None of the above

Cattell used _________ as his main personality descriptor.

Images

Types

Traits

Symbols

All of the above

None of the above

Cooley described the process by which we come to understand our own personalities
through relationships and the reactions of others. He termed this
The true self

The emergent self

The looking-glass self

The hidden self

All of the above

None of the above

Erik Erikson’s theory is a good example of the _____________ approach.
Nomothetic

Idiographic

Proactive

Psychoanalytic

All of the above

None of the above

The psychologist who influenced the creation of the Myers-Briggs Personality Type
Indicator by Isabel Briggs-Myers and Katherine Briggs was:
Clement Freud

Carl Jung

George Melly

Kenny Rogers

All of the above

None of the above

Kelly’s theory of personality constructs led to the development of:

The repertory grid

The Myers-Briggs type indicator

Cattel’s 16PF

All of the above

Friedman and Rosenman’s work suggested that stress tended to cause illness more
frequently in those with
Neither type

Both types equally

Type B personality

Type A personality

All of the above

None of the above

Nativists believe that intelligence is mostly:

A fixed quantity

Developed by experience

Inherited

Empirical

All of the above

None of the above

The British Psychological Society divides psychological tests into two types - tests of:

Optimal and typical performance

Typical and maximum performance

Repeated and optimal performance

Maximum and repeated performance

None of the above

 ___________________ can be defined as "providing a state of readiness or tendency
to respond in a particular way”.
Attitudes

Values

Tendencies

Beliefs

In a Diversity Management approach, organisations seek to achieve a situation

where:
All categories of disadvantaged groups are represented at management level

Individual differences are created through training

Individual differences are valued by the business

The organisation has a homogeneous workforce

Multiple choice questions

Try the multiple choice questions below to test your understanding of this chapter. Once you have
answered the questions, click on Submit Answers for Grading to get your results.

This activity contains 15 questions.

According to Mitchell, the purpose of motivational theories is to:

Organise behaviour

Change behaviour

Control behaviour
 Predict behaviour

Needs and expectations at work are sometimes divided into two types:

Effort/reward

Social/spiritual

External/internal

Extrinsic/intrinsic

Mullins proposes a three-fold classification of motivation as a starting point for

discussion which comprises:
Organisational affiliation, economic rewards and social relationships

Intrinsic satisfaction, social relationships and organisational affiliation

Economic rewards, intrinsic satisfaction and social relationships

Social relationships, organisational affiliation and economic rewards

Which of the following is a positive reaction to the blockage of a desired goal?

Problem-solving

Regression

Fixation

Withdrawal
Negative responses to the blockage of a desired goal include:

Withdrawal

Fixation

Aggression

All three of the above

Managers can attempt to reduce levels of frustration in organisation members by:

Participative management

Effective recruitment

All of the above

None of the above

Aldefer and McClelland are two examples of ___________ theories of motivation.

Process

Content

Equity

Expectancy

Maslow suggests that human needs are arranged in a series of levels, a hierarchy of
importance. Which of the following statements are relevant to Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs theory?
A satisfied need is no longer a motivator
 A need is not necessarily fully satisfied before a subsequent need arises

The hierarchy is not necessarily in a fixed order

All of the above

Steers and Porter’s model relates the _____________ level of Maslow’s Hierarchy to
organisational factors that include a cohesive work group and friendly supervision.
Self-actualization

Social

Safety

Esteem

According to Herzberg, which of the following may be regarded as

hygiene/maintenance factors?
Salary

Working conditions

Company policy

All of the above

McClelland’s achievement motivation theory states that people with a high

achievement need have a preference for:
Clear and unambiguous feedback

Attaining success through their own efforts rather than through teamwork

Both of the above

 Neither of the above

Vroom and Porter and Lawler developed examples of __________ models of

motivation:
Expectancy

Goal

Content

Attribution

Equity theory of motivation focuses on:

People’s perception of how they should perform in a given situation at work

The fact that people are influenced by the expected results of their actions.

The motivational force involved in a person’s actions at work

People’s expectation of the different outcomes for a given action

Which of the following statements is true about the Goal Theory of motivation?

People with easier goals will perform better than people with difficult goals.

A person’s level of commitment to a goal will not regulate the level of effort
expended.
People with difficult goals will perform better than people with easier goals.

Research has shown that there is little support for the Goal Theory and its effects
on motivation with regard to the relationship between goal-setting and
performance.
 Which of the following is not a core job dimension as summarised by Mullins?

Task significance

Skill variety

Autonomy

Potential

None of the above

Multiple choice questions

Try the multiple choice questions below to test your understanding of this chapter. Once you have
answered the questions, click on Submit Answers for Grading to get your results.

This activity contains 15 questions.

The first stage in the perception process involves:

Attention and logic

Selection and attention

Attention and meaning

Stimulus and response

All of the above

None of the above

Which of the following will influence an individual’s perceptions?

Individual needs
 Previous experiences

Sensory limitations

All of the above

A person’s _______________ comprises internal factors, such as ability, intelligence

and personality, and will determine how an individual responds to certain stimuli.
Cognitive set

Perceptual set

Sensory limit

Psychological threshold

All of the above

None of the above

The psychological or internal factors affecting perceptual selection are ______

_______ and ____?
Motives, personality, mental processes

Personality, ego, mental processes

Learning, personality, ego

Personality, learning, motives

None of the above

We tend to pay more attention to environmental stimuli which are:

 Moving

Novel

Bright

All the above

The Gestalt School produced a series of principles. Some of the most significant
principles include ____________?
Grouping; clusters; contrast

Figure and ground; clusters; contrast

Figure and ground; grouping; clusters

Figure and ground; grouping; closure

All of the above

None of the above

The tendency to complete an incomplete figure to (mentally) fill in the gaps and to
perceive them as whole is called _______________?
Figure

Ground

Grouping

Closure

All of the above

None of the above

The perception process demonstrates the integration of our:
Environment, conscious self and unconscious self

Physiology, environment and conscious self

Conscious self, unconscious self and physiology

Unconscious self, physiology and environment

All of the above

None of the above

Neuro-Linguistic Programming as an approach to communication was developed by:

Bandler and Grinder

Honey and Mumford

Myers and Briggs

Eric Berne

All of the above

None of the above

Berne insists it is possible to identify the ego state from the ______, _________,
_______ and ____________ of the person communicating?
Words, voice, gesture, intellect

Words, voice, gesture, attitude

Words, behaviour, intellect, perception

Words, voice, behaviour intellect

None of the above

What best describes the Parent ego state?

It refers to feelings about right and wrong and how to care for other people

It may be associated with having fun, playing, impulsiveness, rebelliousness,

spontaneous behaviour and emotional responses.
In this state we may be objective, rational, reasonable, seeking information and
receiving facts.
None of the above

Non-verbal signals seem to account for about _________ % of the message we

perceive in face-to-face communications.
20

80

60

40

Which nationality tends to show their feelings through intense body language?

Japanese

British

Italians and South Americans

Norwegians

All of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is not an example of common stereotyping?

Nationality

Social

Age

Perceptual

Physical

Politics

The process by which the perception of a person is formulated on the basis of a single
favourable or unfavourable trait or impression, where other relevant characteristics
of that person are dismissed is called:
stereotyping

clouded judgment

the angel effect

the halo effect