ADJECTIVES

USED
IN
AVIATION

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 Airports and parts of airports
aerodrome noun
british a small airport

air base noun

a military airport

airfield noun
a place where aircraft arrive and leave, especially military or private aircraft

airport noun
a place where planes arrive and leave, consisting of runways (=long roads where
planes land and take off) and large buildings for passengers called terminals

airside adjective
next to the part of an airport where aircraft stand

airstrip noun
a long narrow piece of land that can
be used by planes for landing and leavingthe ground

apron noun
a place at an airport where planes wait or turn round

arrivals noun
the part of an airport that deals with passengers who are arriving. The part that deals
with passengers who are leaving is called departures.

baggage reclaim noun

british the place in an airport where people get their luggage after a flight

business lounge noun

a room at an airport for business class passengers, with comfortable chairs and a
coffee bar and sometimes also computers, fax machines, and secretaries

carousel noun
a moving surface in an airport from which you collect your bags

check-in noun
the place you go to when you arrive at an airport or hotel

check-in counter noun

mainly american a check-in desk

check-in desk noun

british a desk where you go to give in your bags and cases and have
your ticket checked at an airport
control tower noun
a tall building at an airport from which people control the movement of aircraft. The
people who do this job are called air traffic controllers.

departure lounge noun

a large room in an airport where you sit and wait before going onto a plane

departures noun
the part of an airport that deals with passengers who are leaving. The part that deals
with passengers who are arriving is called arrivals.

executive lounge noun

a room at an airport or hotel with comfortable chairs, a coffee bar etc for people who
are traveling first-class

gate noun
the place at an airport where people get on a plane

helipad noun
a flat area for helicopters to land on and take off from, often on top of a building

heliport noun
a small airport for helicopters

hub noun
tourism a central airport that passengers can fly to
from smaller local airportsin order to make international or long-distance flights
JFK
an international airport in New York City

landing pad noun

a place on a building or on the ground where a helicopter can land

landing strip noun

a long narrow piece of ground where planes land and take off (=leave the ground)
landside adjective
the land-side part of an airport is the part before you go through the security checks to
get on an aircraft.

lounge noun
a room or area in a place such as an airport where people can sit and wait

meeting point noun

a point at an airport or railway station where people can arrange to meet
runway noun
a long road used by planes when they land and take off, usually at an airport

scanner noun
a piece of equipment that is used at an airport for producing a picture of
the inside of people’s bags

the tarmac noun

the part of an airport where the planes stop and that people walk across to get on
a plane
terminal noun
a large building at an airport where passengers arrive and leave

transit lounge noun

a room in an international airport where passengers can wait for their flight to
another country
 Aircraft
aeroplane noun
british a plane

Airbus
a type of plane that can carry a large number of passengers

aircraft noun
a plane, helicopter, or other vehicle that flies

Air Force One

the name given to a US air force plane when the president flies on it

airliner noun
mainly journalism a large aircraft for passengers

airplane noun
american a plane

airship noun
an aircraft without wings that is filled with gas and has an engine

B-52 noun
a large US bomber (=military plane that drops bombs)

balloon noun
a large strong bag filled with gas or hot air that can float in the air.
Some balloons have a large basket hanging under them in which people can travel

barrage balloon noun

one of several large balloons that float in the air over a town to prevent enemy aircraft
from attacking

biplane noun
an old-fashioned type of plane with two sets of wings

blimp noun
a type of airship

bomber noun
a large military plane that drops bombs

bowser noun
a small tanker for fuel or water
chopper noun
informal a helicopter

copter noun
informal a helicopter

craft noun
an aircraft or space vehicle

dirigible noun
an aircraft like a large balloon (=a bag filled with gas) with an engine

dive-bomber noun
a military aircraft that can fly low in order to drop bombs

drone noun
an aircraft that does not have a pilot but is controlled from the ground

fighter noun
a military plane that is designed for battles with other planes

flyer noun
informal a plane

freighter noun
a large ship or plane that carries goods

glider noun
a light plane with no engine that people fly in for pleasure

gunship noun
a military helicopter that has guns fixed to it

gyrocopter noun
a type of small aircraft for one person that looks like a small helicopter

hang-glider noun
a simple aircraft with no engine that you hang under and control by movingyour body

helicopter noun
an aircraft with large metal blades on top that spin and lift it into the air

hot-air balloon noun

an extremely large bag full of hot air, with
a basket attached that people can ride through the air in

interceptor noun
a small fast military aircraft that is designed to stop enemy aircraft from attacking
jet noun
a plane that can fly very fast and gets its power from a jet engine

jumbo jet noun

a large plane for a lot of passengers. A jumbo jet is often simply called a jumbo.

jump jet noun

a plane that can move up or down in a straight line when it leaves the groundor lands

light aircraft noun

a very small plane

microlight noun
a very small plane for one or two people

monoplane noun
a plane with a single wing on each side

plane noun
an aircraft with wings and at least one engine

seaplane noun
an aircraft that can take off from water and land on water

stealth bomber noun

a military aircraft that cannot be noticed by radar
tanker noun
a large ship, truck, or plane that carries petrol or oil
transporter noun
a vehicle or aircraft used for carrying large things such as military equipmentor
other vehicles

transport plane noun

an aircraft for carrying soldiers and military equipment

twin-engined adjective
a twin-engined plane has two engines

UAV noun
unmanned aerial vehicle: an aircraft that does not have a human pilot; a
more technical name for a drone

zeppelin noun
an old-fashioned type of airship
 Air travel and relating to air travel
accompanied baggage noun
bags or suitcases belonging to a passenger who is travelling in the same plane

aerial adjective
from a plane

airdash verb
indian english to make a journey by air, especially unexpectedly or in
an emergency

airfare noun
the money that you pay to go somewhere by plane

airline noun
a company that owns aircraft and takes people or goods by plane from one place to
another
airlink noun
a way of travelling between two places, in planes or helicopters

air mile noun

a unit for measuring how far a plane travels

Air Miles
britishtourism points that you collect when you fly or when you buy something, and
can exchange for free plane tickets. The American word is frequent flyer miles.

air rage noun

violent behaviour by an aircraft passenger towards other people on the aircraft

baggage allowance noun

the weight of bags and suitcases which a passenger is allowed to take on
a plane without paying

baggage check noun

a check of passengers’ bags and suitcases at
an airport to make sure they contain nothing dangerous or illegal

baggage storage noun

australian the left luggage office

brace position noun

a position for an emergency landing of a plane, where
the passenger sits bentforward with their hands behind their head
bump verb
tourisminformal to tell someone who has bought a ticket for a plane seat that they
cannot fly because the airline has sold too many tickets

business class noun

part of a plane that is more comfortable and has better service than the part where
most people sit. Business class travel is more expensive than economy class travel
but less expensive than first class travel

by air
travelling by or using planes

the CAA
the Civil Aviation Authority: a British organization responsible for the safety of air
travel and for controlling air traffic. A similar organization in the US is called the
Federal Aviation Administration.

cabin baggage noun

bags that you carry with you on a plane, rather than those that go in the plane’s hold
call verb
to announce that passengers should go to their plane because it will soon be leaving

call noun
an announcement in an airport telling passengers to go to their plane because it
is leaving soon

carry-on adjective
carry-on bags or cases are ones that you can keep with you on a plane

cattle class noun

informal humorous the cheapest seats on an aeroplane

charter flight noun

a plane journey arranged by a travel company that has bought all
the seatsand sells them at a lower price
check verb
to give your bags and cases to an official at an airport so that they can be put on
a plane

check in
tourism to arrive at an airport and show your ticket to an official

check-in noun
the process you go through when you arrive at an airport
club class noun
british the part of a plane in which the seats cost more than economy class or tourist
class but less than first class

coach noun
tourism american a less expensive type of seat on a plane or train. The
British word is economy or tourist class.

code-sharing noun
an arrangement between two airlines in which they both sell seats on a flight using
their own flight numbers

cruising altitude noun

the height at which a plane usually flies when it has risen into the sky

economy noun
tourism the cheapest seats on a plane

economy adjective
economy travel is the cheapest type of air travel available

economy class noun

the cheapest seats on a plane

excess baggage noun

tourism bags that weigh more than the official limit that each person is allowedto take
on a plane. You have to pay money to take them with you.

feeder airline noun

an airline that takes passengers fairly short distances to airports where they can catch
long-distance flights

flag airline noun

the main national airline of a country

flight noun
a journey through air or space in a vehicle such as a plane
flight noun
belonging to or connected with a flight

fly verb
to travel by plane

fly verb
to use a particular company or travel in a particular class when you
are travelling by plane
fly verb
to go across an area of water or land in a plane

fly-by-wire noun
a system that uses electronic signals and computers to help to control aircraft

flying adjective
able to fly

flying noun
the activity of travelling in an aircraft

frequent flyer noun

relating to a system in which people who often travel by air can get airline tickets free
or at a reduced price

hand luggage noun

small bags that passengers are allowed to carry with them on a plane or bus

high-flying adjective
flying high in the air

in-flight adjective
provided for passengers flying in an aircraft

jet verb
to fly somewhere in a plane

jet lag noun

the feeling of being very tired and sometimes confused because you
have travelled quickly on a plane across parts of the world where the time is different

land verb
to arrive at a place by plane or boat

long-haul adjective
travelling a long distance, especially by air
loop the loop
to fly in a complete circle

luggage allowance noun

the weight of bags and suitcases that a passenger is allowed to take on
a plane without paying

on board
on a ship or plane
on standby
tourism ready to get on a plane if there is a seat left when it is about to take off

planeload noun
the large number of people or things that are carried in a plane

red-eye noun
informal a journey in a plane that flies late at night

restricted articles noun

things which passengers must not carry onto planes, for example knives

short-haul adjective
travelling or carrying people or goods over a short distance, especially by air

sick bag noun

british a bag provided on a plane, ship etc for you to be sick into

soar verb
to fly high in the sky

standby adjective
a standby plane ticket is a cheap one that you buy just before the flight is ready
to leave if there are still seats available

take to the air

to begin to fly
tourist class noun
the cheapest set of seats on a plane or ship

upgrade verb
tourism to give people a better seat on a plane, or a better hotel room, than the one
that they have paid for

upgrade noun
tourism the fact of being given a plane seat or hotel room that is better than the one
that you have paid for
wing verb
to fly

wingsuit noun
a piece of clothing that is specially designed for gliding through the air. It is made all in
one piece and has sections of fabric under the arms and between the legs that inflate.
People who work for airlines and people who
travel on planes
aircrew noun
the pilot and other people who work on a plane when it is flying

air marshal noun

britishtourism a sky marshal

air traffic control noun

the people who work as air traffic controllers
air traffic controller noun
someone whose job is to organize the movement of planes in
a particular areaby giving instructions to pilots by radio.

aviator noun
old-fashioned an aircraft pilot.

baggage handler noun

someone whose job is to deal with passengers’ luggage at an airport.

cabin crew noun

the people on a plane whose job is to look after the passengers.

captain noun
the person in charge of a ship or aircraft

co-pilot noun
a pilot whose job is to share the responsibility for flying an aircraft with the main pilot.

crewman noun
a man who is a member of the crew of a ship, aircraft etc.

engineer noun
someone who controls the engines on a ship or aircraft.

flight attendant noun

someone whose job is to look after passengers on a plane.
flight crew noun
the people involved with flying a plane including the pilots, the flight engineer and the
navigator. The people involved with looking after the passengers are the cabin crew.

flight engineer noun

someone whose job is to be responsible for the engines, electrical systemsetc, of
a plane while it is flying somewhere.
flyer noun
an aircraft pilot.

flyer noun
someone who travels by plane.

frequent flyer noun

someone who often travels by plane, especially with the same airline.

ground crew noun

the people who clean, check, and repair aircraft or spacecraft while they are on the
ground.

ground staff noun

the people who work for an airline in an airport rather than on an aircraft: can be
followed by a singular or plural verb.

hostess noun
a female flight attendant.
pilot noun
someone who flies an aircraft.

skycap noun
american someone whose job is to help passengers at an airport with their bags.

sky marshal noun

a guard who makes certain that passengers stay safe on plane flights.
steward noun
a man whose job is to look after the passengers on a plane, train,
or ship, especially serving them with food and drink.

stewardess noun
old-fashioned a female flight attendant.

test pilot noun

someone whose job is to fly planes to test their performance.

wingman noun
a pilot whose aircraft flies behind and outside the leading aircraft in a formation.
 ADJECTIVES
USED
TO
DESCRIBE WEATHER
 Moisture in the air, clouds and cloudy
weather
bank noun
a large mass of cloud or fog
billow noun
a moving cloud of something such as smoke or steam
cirrocumulus noun
small round clouds that form lines high in the sky
cirrostratus noun
a thin layer of cloud found very high in the sky
cirrus noun
a type of thin cloud found very high in the sky
cloud noun
a white or grey mass of very small drops of water in the sky
cloudy adjective
full of clouds
column noun
something that rises up into the air in a straight line
cumulonimbus noun
a mass of very tall thick cloud that usually brings rain and sometimes thunder
cumulus noun
a large low white cloud that is round at the top and flat at the
bottom. Cumulusclouds form at the lower levels of the atmosphere.
dull adjective
if the weather is dull, there are a lot of clouds and it is rather dark
fog noun
a thick cloud that forms close to the ground or to water and is difficult to see through.
Fog is thicker than mist
fogbound adjective
not able to operate normally because of thick fog
fogbound adjective
not able to travel because of thick fog
foggy adjective
full of fog or covered with fog
gather verb
if clouds gather, they start to appear and cover part of the sky
grey adjective
used for describing the weather or the light when it is not very bright, because there is
a lot of cloud
lour
another spelling of lower
lower verb
literary if clouds lower, they are very dark, as if a storm is coming
mist noun
small drops of a particular liquid that are in the air
misty adjective
used about places and times that are misty
nimbus noun
science a dark grey rain cloud
overcast adjective
with a sky completely full of clouds
pall noun
something such as smoke, dust, or cloud that covers an area and makes it darker
pea souper noun
british informal old-fashioned a fog (=thick low cloud) that prevents you from seeing
anything
scud verb
literary if clouds scud across the sky, they move quickly
sea mist noun
a thin low cloud that comes onto the land from the sea
steam noun
the hot wet substance like a thin cloud that is produced when water is heated
steam noun
the wet substance that forms on windows and mirrors when wet air suddenlybecomes
hot or cold
storm cloud noun
a very dark cloud
thundercloud noun
a big dark cloud that you see during a storm
vapor
the American spelling of vapour
vapour noun
very small drops of water or other liquids in the air that make the air feel wet
vog noun
american smog that contains dust and gas from volcanoes

Warm and hot weather

dog days noun
literary the hottest days of the year
the heat noun
very hot weather
heatwave noun
a continuous period of very hot weather, especially when this is unusual
Indian summer noun
a period of warm weather in autumn
scorcher noun
informal an extremely hot day
thaw noun
a period of warmer weather that causes ice and snow to turn into water

Changes in the weather 

break verb
if the weather breaks, it changes unexpectedly, and usually becomes worse
break through
if the sun breaks through the clouds, it appears from behind them
brighten up
if the weather brightens up, it becomes sunnier
clear verb
if the sky or the weather clears, the weather becomes brighter and there are no
more clouds, rain etc
clear up
if the weather clears up, the clouds or rain go away
close in
if the weather closes in, it becomes unpleasant
cloud verb
to become darker because grey clouds are forming in the sky
ease verb
if bad weather such as wind or rain eases, it becomes less strong
fickle adjective
weather that is fickle changes often and unexpectedly
lift verb
if something such as cloud or fog lifts, the weather improves and you can see clearly
again
melt away
if ice or snow melts away, it changes into water as it gets warmer
thaw verb
if the weather thaws, it becomes warmer and causes ice or snow to changeinto liquid
thaw noun
a period of warmer weather that causes ice and snow to turn into water
track verb
if weather tracks in a particular direction, it moves in that direction

General words for climate and the weather

the weather noun
the conditions that exist in the atmosphere relating to temperature, precipitation (=rain,
snow, hail), and other features
climate noun
the type of weather that a country or region has
spell noun
a period when there is a particular type of weather
zone noun
one of the large areas that the world is divided into according to its temperature
meteorology noun
the scientific study of weather
seasonal adjective
suitable or typical of the time of year it is now
temperate adjective
science a temperate climate or region is never extremely hot or extremely cold
climatic adjective
relating to the climate of a country or region
weather forecast noun
a report on likely weather conditions for a period of time in the future
barometer noun
a piece of equipment that shows you what kind of weather to expect. It measures
atmospheric pressure.
condition noun
the weather, especially when it is bad
continental climate noun
a climate with very hot summers, very cold winters, and not much rain that is typical of
the central part of a continent
the elements noun
the weather, especially wind and rain
the forces of nature
powerful aspects of nature and the weather, for example wind and storms
forecaster noun
someone whose job is to make a statement about what
is likely to happen, especially relating to the weather
the glass noun
british old-fashioned a barometer
humidex noun
canadian a number that combines heat and humidity levels, used by
Canadian weather forecasters to describe how hot the weather feels
in adjective
affected by a particular type of weather
inversion noun
a weather condition in which the air near the ground is colder than the airabove it
microclimate noun
the weather or temperature in a specific small area, especially when this
is different from the weather or temperature in the area surrounding it
seasonable adjective
suitable or normal for a particular time of year
sky noun
used for talking about the weather
weather noun
giving information about the weather
weather centre noun
british a place where experts study the weather and report on
how conditionsare likely to change
weathercock noun
a model of a cock (=male chicken) used as a weather vane
weather forecaster noun
someone whose job is to study the weather and say what it will be like in the future
weather permitting
used for saying that something will happen if bad weather does not prevent it
weather station noun
a place where instruments record information about the weather
weather vane noun
an object, often an arrow or a model of a cock, that is fixed to the top of a building and
points in the direction that the wind is coming from
windsock noun
a cloth tube fixed to a pole to show which way the wind is blowing

Words used to describe calm and pleasant

weather
calm adjective
if the weather is calm, there is very little wind
calm noun
a state in which there is no wind, so that the sea does not move very much
clear adjective
if the sky or the weather is clear, there are no clouds, rain etc
clement adjective
formal clement weather is pleasant because it is neither very hot nor very cold
cloudless adjective
a cloudless sky has no clouds in it
equable adjective
formal equable weather is not extreme and does not change very much
fair adjective
if the weather is fair, it is pleasant and not raining
fine adjective
if the weather is fine, it is sunny and not raining
pleasant adjective
pleasant weather is dry and neither very hot nor very cold
still adjective
without wind
windless adjective
without any wind

Words used to describe unpleasant weather

severe adjective
severe weather is extremely unpleasant and likely to cause harm or damage
harsh adjective
harsh weather is extremely cold and unpleasant
threatening adjective
threatening clouds, skies, or seas show that the weather is likely to be bad
fierce adjective
fierce weather is very strong or severe
humid adjective
hot and wet in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable
sultry adjective
sultry weather is unpleasant because the air is hot and slightly wet
muggy adjective
muggy weather is warm in an unpleasant way because the air feels wet
foul adjective
foul weather is very unpleasant, with rain, snow, or wind
raw adjective
raw weather is cold and unpleasant
unseasonable adjective
formal unseasonable weather is not the type of weather that you expect in
a particular season
fiercely adverb
in a fierce way
filthy adjective
british informal filthy weather is very unpleasant, usually because there is
a lotof rain or snow and wind
heavy adjective
mainly literary if the sky is heavy, or the clouds are heavy, the sky is dark and it looks as
though it will rain
humidity noun
weather that is hot and wet
inclement adjective
formal inclement weather is bad, usually because it is wet, cold, or windy
pitiless adjective
literary pitiless rain, wind, or sun is very strong and continues for a long time
sullen adjective
literary if the sky or weather is sullen, it is dark and unpleasant
sunless adjective
literary without any sun
unseasonably adverb
formal used for talking about weather that is not normal in a particular season

Weather patterns and air pressure

air pressure noun
atmospheric pressure
anticyclone noun
an area of high air pressure that produces calm weather with very little wind
atmospheric pressure noun
the pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the Earth
cold front noun
the place where a moving mass of cold air meets a mass of warm air. Cold fronts
usually cause heavy rain and they sometimes cause thunder.
depression noun
science a large mass of air at low pressure that usually brings colder weatherand rain
El Niño
a change in the currents of the Pacific Ocean off the South American coastthat
can seriously affect the weather in the region, often causing majorproblems such
as floods
front noun
a place where a large area of cold air meets a large area of warm air, often shown as
a line on a weather map
frontal adjective
formal relating to a weather front
the Gulf Stream noun
a current of warm water that flows from the Gulf of Mexico to the north and east across
the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe and Africa
isobar noun
a line drawn on a weather map that connects places with the same air pressure
low noun
an area of low air pressure
low pressure noun
a type of air pressure that usually brings wet weather
the North Atlantic Drift
a current of warm water in the Atlantic Ocean that is part of the Gulf Stream.
It makes the climate of northwest Europe warmer than it would otherwise be.
ridge noun
a long narrow area of high pressure in a weather system
trough noun
a long narrow area of low pressure in the atmosphere between
two areas of high pressure, usually causing bad weather
warm front noun
the front edge of a mass of warm air that brings warm weather when it moves into an
area. The front edge of a mass of cold air is called a cold front.

Sheltered or not sheltered from the weather

sheltered adjective
a sheltered place is not affected by bad weather
shady adjective
sheltered from the hot sun
windy adjective
used about places where there is a lot of wind
exposed adjective
not protected from the weather
leeward adjective
on the side of something that has shelter from the wind