Use Of The Auxiliaries

A) I} DO, DOES, DID

DO-> is used with infinitive without ‘to’
To form negative & interrogative sentences in simple past &
present tense.
e.g. Do you know him?
He doesn’t work here.
He didn’t pass the exam.
Did he pass the exam?
II} In short affirmative & negative answer.
e.g. Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
III} For imperative to make a command or a request or invite.
e.g. Do come to my party.
Do come for the meeting.
Do sit down.
Do go to bed.
B) Must + infinitive without ‘to’
I) Necessity or compulsion.
e.g. We must obey the laws.
Students must be punctual.
II) Logical Deduction
e.g. He played badminton all morning so he must be tired
now.
III) ‘Must not’ expresses prohibition.
e.g. They must not park their cars here.
Student must not smoke here.
C) Can + infinitive without ‘to’
I) It expresses ability & capability
e.g. She can speak English well.
He can lift the box.
II) It expresses possibility in interrogative & negative
sentences.
Eg. The story cannot be true.
Can it be true?
III) It expresses informal permission.
e.g. Can I borrow your book?
D) Could + infinitive without ‘to’
I) It expresses past ability/ lack of ability.
e.g. He could play tennis well when he was young.
When he was a child he couldn’t sleep in the dark.
II) It expresses polite request.
e.g. Could you tell me the way to the station?
E) May + infinitive without ‘to’
I) It expresses possibility or a probability in affirmative.

e.g. It may rain tomorrow.

II) It expresses formal permission.

e.g. May I come in Sir/Madam?
III) It expresses a wish in formal English.
e.g. May you live happily and long!
IV) May not expresses improbability.
e.g. The story may not be true.
He may not be at home.
F) Might + infinitive without ‘to’
I) It expresses possibility or probability.
e.g. It might rain tonight.
G) Will + infinitive without ‘to’
I) It is used with second & third person to express pure future.
e.g. He will be ten tomorrow.
II) When used with first person, it expresses determination.
e.g. I will certainly do well in my exam.
I will definitely come & see you next Tuesday.
H) Would + infinitive without ‘to’
It expresses polite request
e.g. Would you lend me your tricycle, please?
Would Like + infinitive without ‘to’
e.g. I would like to have a cup of tea.
I) Shall + infinitive without ‘to’
It is used with first person to express pure future.
e.g. I shall be twenty next birthday.
It is used with second person & third person to express command
or threat.
e.g. You shall leave my room immediately.
The student shall pay their tuition fee in time.
J) Should + infinitive without ‘to’
It expresses obligation/ duty
e.g. We should help the poor.
It expresses desirability
e.g. Student should take part in politics?
Should have + Past Participle expresses past obligation that was
not fulfill.
 E.g. He should have been more careful.
K) Need + Infinitive without ‘to’
It is used for negative & interrogative sentences.
E.g. She need not worry.
Need I write to her?
L) Dare
It is used in negative & interrogative sentences.
E.g. He dare not speak to me rudely!
How dare you open my letter?

Following Auxiliaries are always followed with TO.

1) Ought ->e.g. You ought to go to bed now.

2) Used-> e.g. We used to travel a lot.
3) Have-> e.g. He has to work hard.
4) Be-> e.g. You are to go home at 8 p.m.