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Introduction
2015
L2300(TDD-20M)
L2300(TDD-20M)
L2600(FDD-20M)
L1800(FDD-15M)
L700(FDD-10M)
U2100(20M)
U900(4.2M)
G900(4.2M)
Different RAT used for Coverage & Capacity layer, Increases Network complexity & interworking problems
UMTS
LTE LTE
UMTS
GSM
Option Solutions
Load balance solution Traffic layer solution
Traffic steered to suitable Load balance solution
Raise network inter-
network, to get better user Traffic layer solution
network efficiency experiences & capacity
To choose based on terminal
GSM heavy load solution GU Traffic layer solution
L->U CSFB solution penetration, network load,
UMTS heavy load solution
UMTS intra network Traffic operator requirement.
LTE heavy load solution layer solution
LTE/EPC UMTS
PS service mobility
Suggested
System Target RAN ability Required Version
Version
L2600 L2600
2
2 GBFD-511301 Cell Reselection Between GSM and LTE GBSS12.0 GL cell reselection based on neighbor level and mode priority.
3
3 WRFD-010401 System Information Broadcasting RAN 2.0 Support handover between different frequency.
Inter-RAT Handover Based on
4
4 WRFD-020303 RAN2.0 Handover Based on Coverage
Coverage
Mobility Between UMTS and LTE Phase Cell selection and reselection between UMTS and LTE ;
5
5 WRFD-020126 RAN12.0
1 LTE to UMTS PS handover
6
6 LBFD-00201803 Cell Selection and Re-selection eRAN1.0 LTE intra system Cell selection and reselection
*The features above comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
So as the features below, except features with special remarks.
UMTS SIB
(Medium)
Measurement parameter
SServingCell: Signal quality of serving cell
SNonServingCell: Signal quality of target reselection cell
LTE GSM/UMTS
Cell Reselection Strategy
Measurement parameter
RLA_C: GSM service cell average receive level
CPICH RSCP:UMTS neighbor cell RSCP measurement value
UMTS GSM CPICH Ec/No:UMTS neighbor cell Ec/No measurement value
UMTS->GSM
Squal ≤ SsearchRATm
Rn > Rs
GSM->UMTS
Cell Reselection from GSM to UMTS network
CPICH RSCP>RLA_C+FDDQOFF
when UE enters the UMTS coverage area
CPICH Ec/No≥FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFFSET
CPICH RSCP≥FDD RSCP threshold
2G接入网信令 3G接入网信令
L2600 L2600
9 Three scenarios:
Choose coverage based
L1800 L1800
handover to other system.
L1800
LTE bad Coverage Adjacent cell priority: inter
freq. >UMTS>GSM
L800 L800
U900 U900
First handover to inter freq.
4 8 8 8 If no proper cell, then
GSM bad Coverage
handover or steer to UMTS.
G900/1800 G900/1800
Coverage
LTE handover based on L2G PS handover based on In U900 discontinuously covered network, it is recommended to handover
coverage coverage to U2100 based on coverage.
L2U PS handover based on U2G handover based on
coverage coverage
UMTS PS handover based on In U900 continuously covered network, it is NOT recommended to
coverage handover to U2100 based on coverage.
LTE UMTS
LTE UMTS
Intra-LTE
Intra-LTE Inter-RAT
Based on the radio link quality (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ) Based on the RB utilization (cell load)
UL Quality Service
√ Inter-RAT
LTE X LTE
UMTS UMTS
Difference between B1 & B2: B2 event requires the serving cell RSRP <
A2Thresh(ERAN 8.0 support setting separately )
Description:
LTE Cell
• UMTS cell load information are transferred to LTE by
RIM procedure
(1) Congestion
• Coverage based: • GAP-Assisted Measurement • LTE: RSRP/ RSRQ • Apply for Resource (Admission)
Event A2 : Serving cell signal • Signalling Procedure Execution
quality lower than Specified • Event Triggered Periodical • GSM: RSSI • Retry Mechanism If Admission
threshold Reporting A4/B1 • UMTS: RSCP/ECNO or Handover Fail
• Load based: • Update Parameters to UE
• A4: Inter-frequency
MLB algorithm
• Service based: • B1: Inter-RAT
UE service type.
InterRatHoState to set
MUST_HO, NO_HO, &
PERMIT_HO.
• UL Quality based:
UL signal quality
• Distance based:
distance between eNodeB &
UE
Note:
Coverage, Load, Service, UL-quality & Distance based inter-RAT hand
over uses same procedure except for Measurement triggering phase.
1. Measurement Report
2.Handover decision
3. RRC CONNECTION
RELEASE
1. Decision to perform
handover to UTRAN
2. Handover Required
3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
configured, making PS
C3
PS Handover Redirection
RAN Need all equipment software support PS handover No need UMTS/GSM support and upgrade, but
(LTE eRAN , UMTS/GSM RAN, Core after redirection to GU, Core network should
Network) ,usually need software upgrade support IP context transfer , RAU procedure, and
Authentication
User User- plane latency less than Redirection and Cell User- plane latency worse, but acceptable for PS
Change Order, especially for voice service service on user experience , and optimized in R9
Experien
with RIM.
ce
LTE Voice
Solution
CS Fallback: UE is attached on LTE,
and fallback to 2G/3G for voice calls LG Optimus, Samsung
Data on LTE (MTC and MOC) Galaxy SII HD, SK Telecom
South Korea since 10-2011
Voice on 2G/3G
SVLTE (Dual Standby): Dual
simultaneously radio access running
on the same UE allowing data on LTE
and voice on 2G/3G CS in parallel Samsung Craft LTE smart-
phone, USA MetroPCS,
Verizon since Q4-2010
EPC Core
EPC Core 2G/3G 2G/3G
PS Core CS Core EPC Core 2G/3G 2G/3G
PS Core CS Core
LTE Access LTE Access 2G/3G Access LTE Access 2G/3G Access
1a CSFB Voice
1b OUT of LTE
Initial: Data Only Intermediate Solution: Voice CS Fall Back Target Solution: VoIP + SRVCC
Call Setup
Latency 4.4 ~ 5.04s Conclusion:
5.62 ~ 6.26s • Both PS handover and R9 Redirection w/ SIB (Flash
6.58 ~ 7.22s CSFB) are better realization mechanism for CSFB to
Success Rate Impact on LTE UTRAN considering latency and impact for UTRAN
and UE.
• 3GPP Rel9 Terminal is needed to support R9
Redirection w/ SIB.
• CSFB with PS HO requires UMTS PS/CS software
Impact on upgrade to support PS HO function
New Signaling
UTRAN
R8 Redirection Terminal
Requirement
PS Handover
R9 Redirection w/ SIB
Call Setup
Latency 5.4 ~ 8.04s
Conclusion:
6.8 ~ 9.44s
• R9 Redirection w/ SIB (Flash CSFB) is a better
8.8 ~ 11.44s
realization mechanism for CSFB to GERAN
Success Rate Impact on LTE
considering small change to legacy network and
good success rate.
• 3GPP Rel9 Terminal is needed to support R9
Redirection w/ SIB
• Current Device chipsets do not support LTE to GERAN
Impact on
New Signaling PS handover
GERAN
R8 Redirection Terminal
Requirement
PS Handover
R9 Redirection w/ SIB
Information Transfer
4. BSC/RNC replies with updated system information
4. 2G/3G RAN
1. RAN information
Information RQ
6. MME Direct
Information
3. RAN
request
directly forwards it to eUTRAN
BSC/RNC 6. eNodeB does not translate the message from BSC/RNC
and directly sends it to UE
7. Frequency and target 7. eNodeB extracts the target frequency and related
cell system information
neighboring cell information
2G/3G Access LTE Access
Dependency:
Flash CSFB: • Both GSM/UMTS and LTE core network support R9 RIM
• Saving 1-1.5s for UMTS compare with R8 CSFB procedure
• Saving 2s for GSM compare with R8 CSFB • Terminal support R9 redirection with SIB
*The feature comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
The network need support RIM protocol.
Terminal
•L to G with PS HO: None terminal support
Deployment requirement: •L to U with PS HO: main stream terminal
•GUL networks support CSFB function. •L to G/U with Redirection: main stream
•Data preparation: neighbor cell, frequency, CSFB terminal
way, etc.
•For incumbent vendors, it is easy to deploy
without complex IOT.
8s after UE idle
Without Camp in LTE Camp in LTE
Fast Return
Search Cycle and
CS call on UMTS
LTE Cell Re-selection
“Fast Return”
CSFB Channel release with
LTE frequencies 500ms after CS call
With Camp in LTE Camp in LTE
Fast Return
U->L Fast Return by
CS call on UMTS
PS redirection
GSM/UMTS UMTS Fast Return to LTE
Priority in
idle state
L1800 L1800 L1800
Fast return
after CS call
U2100 U2100 U2100
G900/1800 G900/1800
Third to camp
L800 L800
16
First to balance inter-
U900 U900 U900
GSM High Load frequency, then balance to
UMTS or LTE
G900/1800 G900/1800
14 WRFD-02040004 Traffic Steering and Load Sharing During RAB Setup RAN10.0
Load
Interoperation: eNodeB and GU RAN Criteria vary based
on different vendors policy Threshold
LTE
UMTS
OSS introduced to coordinate eNodeB and
UMTS
GBSS&UMTS and further improve GUL
network performance Before After
15% UL Network Throughput Increase
KPI Formula
LTE->WCDMA L2W Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut]*{100}
LTE->GSM L2G Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOut]*{100}
LTE->CDMA2000 L2C Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecAttOut]*{100}
LTE->TD-SCDMA L2T Handover Success Rate exec [L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecAttOut]*{100}
1526728306 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.MME Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for MME reason
1526728307 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.NoReply Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for no reply with GERAN
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for prepare failure indication from
1526728308 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
GERAN
1526728309 L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.MME Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for MME reason
1526728310 L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.NoReply Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for no reply with TD-SCDMA
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for prepare failure indication from
1526728311 L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
TD-SCDMA
1526728316 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.MME Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for MME reason
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for prepare failure indication from
1526728317 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
WCDMA
1526728318 L.IRATHO.E2C.Prep.FailOut.NoReply Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for no reply with WCDMA
CSFB Counters
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Description
Cell L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOut Number of Inter-RAT Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to WCDMA Network
Cell L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut Number of inter-RAT handover executions from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network
Cell L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut Number of inter-RAT handover success from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network