Chapter 1

Trial MRSM 2014

Table 1 shows three sets of experiment to study the factors affecting the rate of reaction
between calcium carbonate, CaCO3 and nitric acid, HNO3.
Experiment Reactants Temperature /C
I 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 nitric acid and 30
excess calcium carbonate chips
II 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 nitric acid and 40
excess calcium carbonate chips
III 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 nitric acid and 40
excess calcium carbonate powder
Table 1

a) State the observation changes which can be used to measure the rate of [1]
reaction in this experiment.
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b) The following chemical equation represents the reaction in the experiment.
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
i. Calculate the number of moles of nitric acid used in Experiement III. [1]

ii. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released in Experiemnt III at room [2]
temperature.
[ 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition]
 iii. Sketch the graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected against time for [2]
Experiement I, II and III on the same axis.

c) iv. Compare the rate of reaction in Experiement I and Experiment II. [1]
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d) v. Explain your answer in (b) (iv) based on the collision theory. [4]
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Trial SBP 2014

Experiments I, II and III are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction.
Table 2 shows the reactants and temperature used in each experiment.
Experiment Reactants Temperature /C
I Excess zinc powder 30
+
25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid
II Excess zinc powder 40
+
25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid
III Excess zinc powder 30
+
25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 sulphuric acid acid
Table 2
a) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in Experiment I. [2]
b) Based on the experiments, state two factors that affect the rate of reaction. [2]
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c) i. Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and II. [4]
Explain the difference by using collision theory.
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d) Diagram 1 shows the curve of the graph of total volume of gas against time for [1]
Experiement I.
Sketch the curve obtained for Experiment III on the same axes.

Diagram 1
During a master chef competition, an apprentice found that a piece of meat is still [2]
not temder after cooking fr one hour.

State one method that should be taken to make the meat become tender in a shorter
time. Explain yor answer.
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Trial Terengganu 2015

An experiment is conducted to determine the rate of reaction between 25 cm3

of 0.1 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid and 10.0 g of marble chips ( calcium
carbonate). The gas evolve is collected into a burette by water displacement
technique. Diagram 2 shows the incomplete apparatus set-up for this
experiment.

Diagram 2
a) Complete the Diagram 2 above with suitable apparatus. [1]
b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium [2]
carbonate.

Table __ shows the result of the experiment.

Time / s 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175

Volume of gas / cm3 0 16 32 48 58 60 60 60
c) [4]
Plot a graph of volume of gas against time on the graph paper provided on
page ___
d) Calculate the rate of reaction at 100 seconds [3]
Kedah 2015

Table ___ shows the results of three sets of experiments to investigate the factors that affect the
rate of reaction. 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas is collected in each experiment.
Experiment Reactants Temperature /C Time taken / s
I 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm – 3 nitric acid 28 240
+
Excess marble chips
II 50 cm of 1.0 mol dm – 3 nitric acid
3
28 60
+
Excess powdered marble chips
III 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm – 3 nitric acid 40 150
+
Excess marble chips
Table ___
a) Nitric acid reacts with marble chips to produce calcium nitrate, carbon dioxide gas [5]
and water.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum
volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in Experiment I
[Relative atomi mass: C = 12; Ca = 40; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room
conditions]
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b) Based on Table __, compare the rate of reaction between [6]
i. Experiemnt I and Experiment II
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i. Experiment I and Experiment III
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In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to collision
theory
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c) Catcalyst can be used to increase the rate of reaction between metal and acid. By [9]
using a suitable named of metal and acid, describe an experiment to show how
catalyst affects the rate of reaction.
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Trial Pahang 2015

Diagram ___
Diagram ___ shows the set-up apparatus of an experiment to investigate the
reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. A student collect
the gas released by using a syringe. 30 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas was
collected at room condition.
a) i. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. [2]

ii. Calculate the number of moles of carbn dioxide gas in the syringe. [1]
3 –1
[Molar volume = 24 dm mol at room condition]
 iii. Calculate the number of molecules of carbon dioxide gas in the syringe. [1]
[ Avogadro Constant: 6.02 × 1023 ]

iv. Calculate the maximum mass of calcium carbonate needed to produce carbon [2]
dioxide gas in the syringe.
[Relative atomic mass: C =12; O = 16; Ca = 40]

A student adds excess 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑚 powder into 20cm3 of 0.2 mol dm – 3

ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑. The volume of gas produced is recorded by the student for every 30
seconds interval.

Time / s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Volume of gas / cm3 0 20 34 41 45 47 48 48

a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurred. [1]
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b) Referring to the experiment above, define the rate of reaction [1]

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c) Based on the data in Table above, draw a graph of 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠 against [3]
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
d) Using the graph drawn in (c), calculate the
 i. Average rate of reaction [1]

ii. The average rate of reaction during the 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 [1]

iii. The rate of reaction 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 75th second [1]

e) Give two ways to increase the rate of the reaction without changing the [2]
quantity of gas released in the experiment.
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Practice 2
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of total surface area on the
rate of the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Experiment I : Excess zinc granules reacted with 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid
Experiment II : Excess zinc powder reacted with 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid

A gas is collected in both the experiments. The rate of reaction is determined by the rate
of the gas released.

a) i. State the gas that is released in both of the experiments. [1]

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ii. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurred. [2]

b) i. Calculate the maximum volume of gas released in Experiment I [2]

[ molar gas volume = 24 dm3 mol – 1 at room conditions]

ii. What is the maximum volume of gas released in Experiment II? Explain [2]
your answer.
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c) Sketch the graph of the volume of gas collected against the time taken for [2]
both the experiment on the same axes.
d) i. Referring to the graph in (c), which experiment gives a higher rate of [1]
reaction?
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ii. Give a reason for your answer in d) (i) [1]
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e) The rate of reaction decreases as the reaction proceeds. Explain why. [1]
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Ahmad takes part in Young Scientist Competition during Science Week at school. He
carries out an experiment to investigate rate of reaction between eggs shell and ethanoic
acid. The eggs shell contains calcium carbonate and chemical equation below shows the
chemical reaction that occurred.
2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2
Table __ shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected at 30 second interval.
Time / s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Volume of gas / cm3 0 16 30 39.0 42.5 44.0 44.0 44.0
Table ___
a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up and materials used by [2]
Ahmad to carry out the experiment.

b) Draw a graph of volume of carbon dioxide collected against time [4]

c) i. Determine the rate of reaction at 90 seconds [2]

ii. Calculate the rate of reaction in second minutes [1]

iii. What is the overall average rate of reaction? [1]

A student carried out three sets of experiment to investigate factors affecting the rate of
reaction. Table ___ shows the information and the result of the experiment
Set Reactants Time taken / s
I 0.3 g magnesium ribbon and 50 cm3 100
of 1.0 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid
II 0.3 g magnesium powder and 50 cm3 60
of 1.0 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid
III 0.3 g magnesium ribbon and 50 cm3 45
of 1.0 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid and
copper (II) sulphate solution
Table __

a) Write a chemical equation to show the reaction between magnesium and [2]
hydrochloric acid.
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b) Calculate the number of moles of

i. Magnesium [1]
[ relative atomic mass of Mg = 24]

ii. Hydrochloric acid [1]

c) Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced at room condition [2]
[1 mole of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room condition]
d) What is the average rate of reaction for
i. Set I

ii. Set II

e) State two factors that affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. [2]

f) i. Diagram ___ below shows the curve obtained for set I when the volume [1]
of hydogen gas liberated against time is plotted.
On the same axes, sketch the curve you would expect to obtain if the
experiment is repeated using 0.3 g magnesium ribbon and 50 cm 3 of
2.0 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid

ii. Explain how you obtain the curve in (f)(i) [3]

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