Ejemplo 7.

14 Treyball (correccion)

Se van a enfriar, a 27 ºC, 5 m3/s de un gas pobre, 65 % N2, 35% CO, inicialmente
seco a 1 atm a 315 ºC, mediante contacto a contracorriente con agua que entra a
18 ºC. Se va a utilizar una torre empacada con anillos Rasching de cerámica de
50mm,con L´2/G´2 = 2.0. Especificar el diámetro de una torre adecuada para este
propósito y la altura empacada.

 Gas que entra:

Y´1 = 0 (Gas seco)
PM N2 = 28 kg/kmol
PMCO = 28 kg/kmol
MB,prom = PMN2* 0.65 + PMCO* 0.35 = 28
PT = 1 atm = 101.325 KPa
TG1 = 315 ºC = 588.15 K
M B * PT
ρG1= = 0.580 Kg/m3
R *T
Flujo de gas entrante = 0.580*5 =2.90 Kg/s
 mezcla gaseosa a la salida:
TG2 = 27 ºC
Ps = 3563.5425 Pa
Y´s = 0.0234 Kg vapor H2O/Kg Gas seco
como es probable que el gas salga casi saturado, se supone
Y´2 = 0.022 .
1 + 0.022
MPr = 1 0.22 = 27.68 Kg/Kmol .
+
28.012 18.02
27.67 * 101.325
G2 = 8.314 * 300.15
 1.125 Kg/m3

Flujo de gas saliente = 2.90 (1.022) = 2.964 Kg/s

 1/ 2 1/ 2
L´   G   1.124 
   2 *    0.0671
G´   L   G   1000  1.124 

Del libro de Operaciones de Transferencia de Masa de R.E. Treybal, de la Figura

6.34, para una caída de presión de 400 (N/m2)/m. , se lee en la ordenada
0 .1
G´2 Cf L J
0.073 =
G ( L  G )gc
Para J=1, gc = 1; De la tabla 6.3 Cf = 65. Se despeja G´ 2 = 1.582 Kg/m2s
(tentativo).
La sección transversal de la torre = 2.964/1.582 = 1.873 m 2 (tentativo). El
diámetro correspondiente es 1.54 m que se aproxima a 1.5 m para el cual el Area
de sección transversal = 1.767 m2
G´s = 2.9/1.767 = 1.641 Kg /m2s
G´2 = 2.964/1.767 = 1.677 Kg /m2s
L´2= 3.354 Kg /m2s

Haciendo un balance global de agua

L´2 - L´1 = G´s (Y´2 - Y´1 ) y reemplazando,
L´1 = 3.319 Kg /m2s
Las capacidades caloríficas del CO y del N2 = CB = 1 089, la del vapor de agua C A =
1884
J/kgK.. Cs1= 1089, Cs2 = 1089 + 1884(0.022) = 1130 Nm/kg gas seco*K. Por
conveniencia, se utiliza como temperatura de referencia, To = 18 °C, para la cual
λo = 2.46(106) J/kg.
CAL = 4187 J/kg K.

Un balance global de entalpía,

L´H ´ L +G´ S H ´1  L1 ´H ´ L1 +G´ S H ´ y sustituyendo,
3.354(4187)(18 - 18) + 1.641(1089)(315 - 18) = 3.319(4187)(T L1 - 18) +
1.641[1130(27 - 18) + 0.022(2.46 * 106)]
T L1 = 48.601 °C, para la cual
μL= 5.56417(10-4) kg/ms
ρL= 989 kg/m3
conductividad térmica k = 0.645 W/mºC
No. de Prandtl PrL = CAB*μ /k = 3.77.

Para el gas entrante:

μG = 0.0288(10-3) kg/m*s
Difusividad del vapor de agua = 0.8089(10-4) m2/s
k = 0.0419 W/mºC.
ScG = μ/ρDAB = 0.614
PrG = CS* μ /k = 0.74.

 Cálculo del Area interfacial .

De la tabla 6.5 :
ds = 0.0725 m
β = 1.508ds0.376 = 0.562
(2.09 * 10 6 )(737.5 * L´) 
φLtw = 2
 3.196*10-2 m3/ m3
ds
2.47 * 10 4 2.47 * 10 4
φLsw =   5.91137*10-3 m3/ m3
ds 1.21 0.07251.21

φLow = φLtw - φLsw = 3.196*10-2 - 5.91137*10-3

φLow = 2.604*10-2 m3/ m3
De la tabla 6.4 para empaques de Anillos Rashing de 50mm
m = 34.03; n = 0; p = 0.362
n
 808G´ 
aAw = m  L´ P = 52.737 m2/ m3
0.5 
  ´G 
avw = 0.85 aAw φLtw / φLow = 0.85*52.737* 5.91137*10-3/ 2.604*10-2
avw = 55.017 m2/ m3
De la Tabla 6.3 є = 0.74, єLo = є - φLtw = 0.7081

0.36
FG * ScG
2/3
 dsG ` 
 1.195 
G   G (1   lo ) 
Despejando FG, obtenemos que es igual a 3.1065*10-3
FGavw = 3.1065*10-3*55.017= 0.171 kmol/m3s
0.038289 * C p G´
hG  2/3 = 89.6805 W/m2K
Pr
G

hGavw= 4915.7678 W/m3 K

0.45
K  dsL´ 
hL  25.1 L   PrL
0.5
= 6345.785 W/m2K
ds  L 

y hLavw= 349126.053 W/m3 K.

En el fondo, se calcula ti, por tanteo; luego de varias iteraciones ti = 48.6408 ºC;
PAi =11525.037 Pa
dY ` M F a 1  p A i / pt
  A G ln = 0.21699 (kg H2O/Kg gas seco)/m
dZ G´s 1  p A G / pt

G´sC A (dY ´/ dZ )
h´Ga = = 4587.756 W/m3 K
1 e G´ sC A ( dY ´/ dZ ) / hG a

dt G h´ a (t  ti )
 G G = -692.503 ºC/m
dZ G´sCs
G´sCs  dt G / dZ  + C A t G  C A, L t L + (C A, L  C A )to + o(dY ´/ dZ )
ti = tL + = 48.6408
G´sC A, L (dY ´/ dZ )  hL a

ΔtG = -16 ºC
t G  16
Z    0.023105
dt G / dZ  692.503

tG = tG (a Z=0) + ΔtG = 315-16 = 299 ºC

Y´= Y´ (a Z=0) + (dY´/dZ)*ΔZ = 0 + 0.21699* 0.023105 = 0.0050136 kg H2O/Kg
gas seco
PT Y ´
PA,G = = 783.2329 Pa
Y ´+ M A / M B

Cs = 1089 + 1884 (Y´) = 1098.446 J/Kg K

L´ - 3.319 = 1.641 (0.005184-0)
L´= 3.327 Kg /m2s
Mediante un Balance de Entalpía hallamos tL = 46.63 ºC
Seguimos las iteraciones hasta que la temperatura del gas llegue a 27 ºC
La suma de los ΔZ = Z = 1.41 m
 TL Tg Y PA Cs PM,G L' G' H´(KJ/Kg) G
(°C) (°C) Kg agua/Kg g.seco (Pa) (J/Kg*K) (Kg/Kmol) (Kg/m*s) (Kg/m*s) (kmol/m2*s)
48.6089627 315 0 0 1074.58663 28 3.3202675 1.64207097 326,106 0.05864539
46.6316335 299 0.0050135 0.00772991 1093.71158 27.9228555 3.32850003 1.6503035 324,427807 0.05910225
45.0389457 283 0.00974784 0.01492048 1110.76087 27.8510936 3.33627414 1.66639039 321,571004 0.05983213
43.3312275 267 0.01413231 0.02148735 1125.65951 27.7855563 3.34347375 1.68994033 317,340991 0.06082082
41.5208322 251 0.01810989 0.0273695 1138.39828 27.7268524 3.35000522 1.72054495 311,593844 0.06205338
39.6199633 235 0.02162674 0.03251173 1148.97717 27.675533 3.35578014 1.75775473 304,20221 0.06351295
37.6405104 219 0.02463302 0.0368645 1157.40175 27.6320923 3.36071667 1.80105355 295,057303 0.06517977
35.5938543 203 0.0270825 0.04038222 1163.67503 27.5969854 3.36473888 1.84983057 284,067135 0.06703017
33.4908869 187 0.02893362 0.04302364 1167.79597 27.570624 3.36777855 1.90335286 271,159106 0.06903554
31.3419619 171 0.03014904 0.04475007 1169.75189 27.5533943 3.36977436 1.96073712 256,277987 0.07116136
29.1570673 155 0.03069724 0.04552672 1169.52025 27.5456433 3.37067455 2.02092634 239,389917 0.07336646
26.945937 139 0.03055295 0.04532243 1167.06606 27.5476822 3.37043762 2.08267161 220,482761 0.07560243
24.7182919 123 0.02969946 0.04411221 1162.34776 27.5597602 3.36903613 2.14452584 199,571722 0.07781366
22.4840349 107 0.02813069 0.04187971 1155.32308 27.5820405 3.36646009 2.20485282 176,703863 0.07993799
20.2535318 91 0.02585689 0.03862532 1145.9711 27.6145193 3.36272634 2.26186345 151,972339 0.08190849
18.0377672 75 0.02291285 0.03437868 1134.32673 27.6569008 3.35789203 2.31368919 125,579486 0.08365685
15.8482912 59 0.01937106 0.02921982 1120.53974 27.7083862 3.35207615 2.3585078 97,6538966 0.08511892
13.6968188 43 0.01537016 0.02332552 1105.00426 27.7672113 3.34550639 2.39475844 68,7511569 0.08624411
11.593811 27 0.01117924 0.01707404 1088.65288 27.8296011 3.3386246 2.42153001 39,5847488 0.08701275
 Vis,G Dens,G Difusividad LTW LSW LOW aAW aVW EL0
(Kg/m*s) (kg/m3) (m2/s) (m3/m3) (m3/m3) (m3/m3) (m2/m3) (m2/m3)
0.0000326 0.58035714 7.65057E-05 0.03191919 0.00591137 0.02600782 52.5444199 54.814242 0.70808081
3.2067E-05 0.59494721 7.34051E-05 0.03196364 0.00591137 0.02605227 52.591545 54.8460653 0.70803636
3.1522E-05 0.61049497 7.03476E-05 0.03200557 0.00591137 0.02609421 52.6359778 54.8760884 0.70799443
3.0965E-05 0.62710457 6.73338E-05 0.03204437 0.00591137 0.026133 52.6770682 54.9038684 0.70795563
3.0394E-05 0.64488743 6.43643E-05 0.03207954 0.00591137 0.02616817 52.7142964 54.92905 0.70792046
2.9809E-05 0.66396763 6.14397E-05 0.0321106 0.00591137 0.02619924 52.7471739 54.9512988 0.7078894
2.9211E-05 0.68448399 5.85609E-05 0.03213714 0.00591137 0.02622577 52.7752497 54.9703056 0.70786286
2.86E-05 0.70659298 5.57285E-05 0.03215875 0.00591137 0.02624739 52.798106 54.9857839 0.70784125
2.7975E-05 0.7304717 5.29433E-05 0.03217508 0.00591137 0.02626371 52.8153675 54.9974764 0.70782492
2.7337E-05 0.75632206 5.0206E-05 0.03218579 0.00591137 0.02627442 52.8266957 55.0051513 0.70781421
2.6688E-05 0.78437507 4.75177E-05 0.03219062 0.00591137 0.02627926 52.8318038 55.0086123 0.70780938
2.6027E-05 0.81489655 4.48791E-05 0.03218935 0.00591137 0.02627798 52.8304594 55.0077014 0.70781065
2.5356E-05 0.84819338 4.22913E-05 0.03218183 0.00591137 0.02627046 52.822506 55.0023126 0.70781817
2.4676E-05 0.88462137 3.97552E-05 0.032168 0.00591137 0.02625663 52.8078815 54.9924053 0.707832
2.3988E-05 0.92459328 3.72719E-05 0.03214794 0.00591137 0.02623657 52.7866719 54.9780402 0.70785206
2.3294E-05 0.96858758 3.48426E-05 0.03212196 0.00591137 0.02621059 52.7591882 54.9594314 0.70787804
2.2597E-05 1.0171565 3.24685E-05 0.03209068 0.00591137 0.02617931 52.7260907 54.9370304 0.70790932
2.1899E-05 1.07092686 3.0151E-05 0.03205532 0.00591137 0.02614395 52.6886588 54.9117072 0.70794468
2.1203E-05 1.13057755 2.78913E-05 0.03201824 0.00591137 0.02610688 52.6493988 54.8851603 0.70798176

Sc,G FG FGa Cp,G Pr,G hG hGavw Visc,L KL

 (Kmol/m2*s) (Kmol/m3*s) (J/Kg*K) (W/m2*K) (W/m3*K) (Kg/m*s) (W/m*K)
0.73422412 0.00287836 0.15777508 1074.58663 0.69894038 89.6804856 4915.76784 0.00069709 0.66107312
0.67869056 0.00303981 0.1667214 1084.26615 0.70296462 89.9015453 4930.74603 0.00071259 0.656384
0.66257997 0.00309713 0.16995815 1092.39594 0.70697215 90.2412641 4952.08758 0.00072671 0.65264114
0.64607212 0.00316532 0.1737884 1099.03424 0.71090738 90.6901556 4979.24037 0.00074348 0.64866178
0.62916011 0.00324425 0.17820356 1104.27926 0.71472644 91.2377698 5011.60402 0.00076312 0.64448138
0.61184511 0.0033337 0.18319122 1108.23239 0.71838607 91.8704678 5048.40153 0.00078583 0.64013438
0.59413619 0.00343338 0.18873394 1110.99313 0.72184388 92.5711125 5088.66235 0.00081179 0.63565377
0.57604938 0.00354287 0.1948077 1112.65161 0.72505749 93.3185668 5131.19455 0.00084113 0.63107047
0.55760767 0.00366163 0.20138047 1113.28503 0.72798523 94.0874437 5174.57197 0.00087397 0.62641343
0.53883984 0.00378893 0.20841051 1112.9511 0.73058528 94.8476602 5217.1099 0.00091039 0.62170944
0.51978072 0.00392384 0.21584494 1111.68664 0.73281709 95.564413 5256.86575 0.00095043 0.61698353
0.50047049 0.00406522 0.22361845 1109.50429 0.7346417 96.1981655 5291.63996 0.00099409 0.61225919
0.48095499 0.00421169 0.2316526 1106.39397 0.73602409 96.7051813 5319.00861 0.00104131 0.60755889
0.46128547 0.00436162 0.23985585 1102.32486 0.73693557 97.0384328 5336.37682 0.001092 0.60290445
0.44152001 0.00451317 0.24812526 1097.25673 0.73736035 97.14964 5341.09681 0.00114597 0.59831759
0.42172516 0.00466436 0.2563506 1091.15892 0.73730534 96.9925525 5330.65554 0.00120298 0.59382015
0.40197871 0.00481319 0.26442244 1084.04467 0.73681633 96.5281721 5302.97112 0.00126268 0.58943393
0.38237702 0.00495792 0.27224761 1076.04689 0.73601273 95.7341544 5256.92586 0.00132467 0.58517989
0.36305243 0.00509757 0.27978087 1067.5912 0.73516578 94.6232267 5193.41097 0.00138849 0.58107536

hL Pr,L Ti Pi,A Y'i Pa Na dY´/dZ

(W/m2*K) ( °C) (Pa) Kg agua/Kg g.seco (Pa) (Kmol/m2*s) Kg agua/Kg g.seco
6345.78445 3.99390274 48.6487664 11529.6988 0.08263444 0 -0.00036073 0.21699156
6387.92645 4.17794462 47.3791538 10815.5875 0.07690474 783.232954 -0.00031954 0.19232556
6420.9527 4.33675941 45.9829582 10074.5765 0.07105402 1511.8176 -0.00027779 0.16728678
6453.3178 4.51771397 44.4603516 9316.76266 0.0651681 2177.20543 -0.00023656 0.1425276
6484.1939 4.72181618 42.8202586 8555.99036 0.05935593 2773.21441 -0.00019618 0.11825397
6512.80677 4.94995896 41.0725924 7804.94783 0.05371085 3294.25058 -0.00015704 0.09469728
6538.47178 5.20289818 39.2247457 7073.50702 0.04829957 3735.29549 -0.0001195 0.07208729
6560.62086 5.48124564 37.2860248 6370.60268 0.04317797 4091.72862 -8.4024E-05 0.05070072
6578.8195 5.78544373 35.2622313 5702.20569 0.03837763 4359.37057 -5.1063E-05 0.03081838
6592.77218 6.11575418 33.1615657 5073.59652 0.03392389 4534.30113 -2.117E-05 0.01277875
6602.32035 6.4722167 30.989658 4487.81169 0.0298256 4612.99497 5.0757E-06 -0.00306401
6607.43286 6.85461222 28.7533729 3946.99344 0.02608569 4592.29482 2.7029E-05 -0.01631606
6608.19428 7.26239844 26.4566895 3451.51005 0.02269556 4469.66934 4.4043E-05 -0.02658395
6604.79129 7.69464203 24.1067856 3001.53892 0.01964643 4243.46119 5.5442E-05 -0.0334586
6597.50411 8.14992286 21.7124497 2596.57761 0.01692606 3913.71101 6.0615E-05 -0.03657081
6586.70242 8.62624963 19.2816257 2235.11358 0.01451667 3483.41999 5.9134E-05 -0.03566474
6572.84875 9.12101662 16.8280985 1915.70614 0.0124022 2960.6978 5.0864E-05 -0.03066477
6556.52293 9.63105288 14.3695654 1636.4918 0.0105649 2363.45871 3.6287E-05 -0.02186678
6538.49204 10.1529635 11.9309194 1395.47126 0.00898719 1730.02661 1.7095E-05 -0.01029634

hG'aH dTG/dZ Tic Tic-Ti dY'/dTg Tg Z

(w/m2*K) (°C/m) (°C) (°C) Kg agua/Kg g.seco) (°C) (m)
4587.75562 -692.50296 48.6491995 0.00043307 -0.00031334 -16 0.02310459
4639.23255 -649.977057 47.3796977 0.00054382 -0.0002959 -16 0.02461625
4697.82954 -610.470011 45.9833059 0.00034762 -0.00027403 -16 0.02620931
4762.02771 -573.324298 44.4605646 0.00021299 -0.0002486 -16 0.02790742
4830.91039 -537.998782 42.8206343 0.00037576 -0.0002198 -16 0.02973984
4903.3375 -503.996656 41.0724089 -0.00018353 -0.00018789 -16 0.03174624
4977.96996 -470.875533 39.2247588 1.3122E-05 -0.00015309 -16 0.03397926
5053.16866 -438.22716 37.2855967 -0.00042814 -0.0001157 -16 0.03651074
5127.04754 -405.697324 35.2625518 0.00032044 -7.5964E-05 -16 0.03943827
5197.3683 -372.965057 33.1621347 0.00056904 -3.4263E-05 -16 0.04289946
5261.60668 -339.763419 30.9905587 0.00090077 9.0181E-06 -16 0.04709159
5316.91827 -305.87074 28.7535164 0.00014352 5.3343E-05 -16 0.05230968
5360.23545 -271.130294 26.4570248 0.0003353 9.8049E-05 -16 0.05901222
5388.29893 -235.437312 24.1073691 0.00058345 0.00014211 -16 0.06795864
5397.86538 -198.752074 21.712126 -0.00032368 0.000184 -16 0.0805023
5386.01318 -161.114919 19.2812494 -0.00037634 0.00022136 -16 0.099308
5350.54576 -122.631511 16.8276781 -0.00042038 0.00025006 -16 0.13047218
5290.82261 -83.482465 14.3691141 -0.00045133 0.00026193 -16 0.19165701
5209.35395 -43.9126124 11.9304506 -0.00046883 0.00023447 -16 0.36436001