MONICA CARDENAS MAYORGA

Ejemplo 7.14 Treyball (corregido)

Se van a enfriar, a 27 ºC, 5 m 3/s de un gas pobre, 65 % N 2, 35% CO, inicialmente

seco a 1 atm a 315 ºC, mediante contacto a contracorriente con agua que entra a
18 ºC. Se va a utilizar una torre empacada con anillos Rasching de cerámica de
50mm, L´2/G´2 = 2.0. Especificar el diámetro de una torre adecuada para este
propósito y la altura empacada.

Para el gas entrante:

Y´1 = 0
MB,prom = PMN2* 0.65 + PMCO* 0.35 = 28
PT = 1 atm = 101.325 KPa
TG1 = 315 ºC = 588.15 K
M B * PT
G1= = 0.580 Kg/m3
R *T
Flujo de gas entrante = 0.580*5 =2.90 Kg/s

 A TG2 = 27 ºC ; Ps = 3563.5425 Pa ; Y´s = 0.0234 Kg vapor H2O/Kg Gas seco

Dado que es probable que el gas salga casi saturado, se supone Y´ 2 = 0.022 .
Flujo el gas saliente = 2.90(1.022) = 2.964 Kg/s
A la salida de la mezcla gaseosa :
MPr = 27.67 Kg/Kmol .
27.67 * 101.325
G2 =  1.125 Kg/m3
8.314 * 300.15
1/ 2 1/ 2
L´   G   1.124 
    2 *    0.0671
G´   L   G   1000  1.124 
Del libro de Operaciones de Transferencia de Masa de R.E. Treybal, de la Figura
6.34, para una caída de presión de 400 (N/m 2)/m. , se lee en la ordenada

0.1
G´2 Cf L J
0.073 =
G ( L  G )gc
Para J=1, gc = 1; De la tabla 6.3 Cf = 65. Se despeja G´ 2 = 1.582 Kg/m2s
(tentativo).
La sección transversal de la torre = 2.964/1.582 = 1.873 m 2 (tentativo). El diámetro
correspondiente es 1.54 m que se aproxima a 1.5 m para el cual el Area de
sección transversal = 1.767 m2 (final)
G´s = 2.9/1.767 = 1.641 Kg /m2s (final)
G´2 = 2.964/1.767 = 1.677 Kg /m2s (final)
L´2= 3.354 Kg /m2s (final)
 Haciendo un balance global de agua L´2 - L´1 = G´s (Y´2 - Y´1 ) y
reemplazando,
L´1 = 3.319 Kg /m2s

Las capacidades caloríficas del CO y del N 2 = CB = 1 089, la del vapor de agua C A

= 1884
J/kgK.. Cs1= 1089, Cs2 = 1089 + 1884(0.022) = 1130 Nm/kg gas seco*K. Por
conveniencia, se utiliza como temperatura de referencia, To = 18 °C, para la cual
λo = 2.46(106) J/kg.
CAL = 4187 J/kg K.
 Un balance global de entalpía, L´H ´ L G´ S H ´1  L1 ´H ´ L1 G´ S H ´ y

sustituyendo,
3.354(4187)(18 - 18) + 1.641(1089)(315 - 18) = 3.319(4187)(T L1 - 18) +
1.641[1130(27 - 18) + 0.022(2.46 * 106)]
T L1 = 48.601 °C, para la cual μ L= 5.56417(10-4) kg/ms, ρL= 989 kg/m3,
conductividad térmica k = 0.645 W/mºC, No. de Prandtl Pr L = CAB*μ /k = 3.77.
Para el gas entrante, la μ G = 0.0288(10-3) kg/m*s, la Difusividad del vapor de agua
= 0.8089(10-4) m2/s, k = 0.0419 W/mºC. ScG = μ/ρDAB = 0.614 y PrG = CS* μ /k =
0.74.

 Cálculo del Area interfacial .

De la tabla 6.5 :
ds = 0.0725 m
β = 1.508ds0.376 = 0.562
(2.09 * 10 6 )(737.5 * L´) 
φLtw = ds 2
 3.196*10-2 m3/ m3

2.47 * 10 4 2.47 * 10 4
φLsw = ds 1.21

0.07251.21
 5.91137*10-3 m3/ m3

φLow = φLtw - φLsw = 3.196*10-2 - 5.91137*10-3

φLow = 2.604*10-2 m3/ m3
De la tabla 6.4 se puede leer para empaques de Anillos Rashing de 50mm
m = 34.03; n = 0; p = 0.362
n
 808G´ 
aAw = m  L´ P = 52.737 m2/ m3
0.5 
  ´G 
avw = 0.85 aAw φLtw / φLow = 0.85*52.737* 5.91137*10-3/ 2.604*10-2
avw = 55.017 m2/ m3
De la Tabla 6.3 є = 0.74, єLo = є - φLtw = 0.7081

0.36
F * ScG
2/3
 dsG ` 
 G  1.195 
G   G (1   lo ) 
Despejando FG, obtenemos que es igual a 3.1065*10-3
FGavw = 3.1065*10-3*55.017= 0.171 kmol/m3s
0.038289 * C p G´
hG  = 89.6805 W/m2K
PrG2 / 3
hGavw= 4915.7678 W/m3 K
0.45
KL  dsL´ 
hL  25.1   PrL
0.5
= 6345.785 W/m2K
ds  L 

y hLavw= 349126.053 W/m3 K.

En el fondo, se calcula ti, por tanteo; luego de varias iteraciones ti = 48.6408 ºC;
PAi =11525.037 Pa
dY ` M F a 1  p A i / pt
   A G ln = 0.21699 (kg H2O/Kg gas seco)/m
dZ G´s 1  p A G / pt

G´sC A (dY ´/ dZ )
 h´Ga = = 4587.756 W/m3 K
1 e G´ sC A ( dY ´/ dZ ) / hG a

dt G h´ a (t  ti )
  G G = -692.503 ºC/m
dZ G´sCs
G´sCs  dt G / dZ   C A t G  C A, L t L  (C A, L  C A )to  o(dY ´/ dZ )
 ti = tL + = 48.6408
G´sC A, L (dY ´/ dZ )  hL a

 ΔtG = -16 ºC
t G  16
 Z    0.023105
dt G / dZ  692.503

 tG = tG (a Z=0) + ΔtG = 315-16 = 299 ºC

 Y´= Y´ (a Z=0) + (dY´/dZ)*ΔZ = 0 + 0.21699* 0.023105 = 0.0050136 kg H2O/Kg
gas seco
PT Y ´
 PA,G = = 783.2329 Pa
Y ´ M A / M B

 Cs = 1089 + 1884 (Y´) = 1098.446 J/Kg K

 L´ - 3.319 = 1.641 (0.005184-0)
L´= 3.327 Kg /m2s
Mediante un Balance de Entalpía hallamos tL = 46.63 ºC
Seguimos las iteraciones hasta que la temperatura del gas llegue a 27 ºC
 La suma de los ΔZ = Z = 1.41 m
 TL Tg Y PA Cs PM,G L' G' H´(KJ/Kg) G
(°C) (°C) Kg agua/Kg g.seco (Pa) (J/Kg*K) (Kg/Kmol) (Kg/m*s) (Kg/m*s) (kmol/m2*s)
48.608962 1074.5866 1.6420709
7 315 0 0 3 28 3.3202675 7 326,106 0.05864539
46.631633 0.0077299 27.922855 3.3285000
5 299 0.0050135 1 1093.71158 5 3 1.6503035 324,427807 0.05910225
45.038945 0.0149204 27.851093 3.3362741 1.6663903
7 283 0.00974784 8 1110.76087 6 4 9321,571004 0.05983213
43.331227 0.0214873 27.785556 3.3434737 1.6899403
5 267 0.01413231 5 1125.65951 3 5 3317,340991 0.06082082
41.520832 27.726852 3.3500052 1.7205449
2 251 0.01810989 0.0273695 1138.39828 4 2 5 311,593844 0.06205338
39.619963 3.3557801 1.7577547
3 235 0.02162674 0.03251173 1148.97717 27.675533 4 3 304,20221 0.06351295
37.640510 27.632092 3.3607166 1.8010535
4 219 0.02463302 0.0368645 1157.40175 3 7 5295,057303 0.06517977
35.593854 0.0403822 27.596985 3.3647388 1.8498305
3 203 0.0270825 2 1163.67503 4 8 7284,067135 0.06703017
33.490886 0.0430236 3.3677785 1.9033528
9 187 0.02893362 4 1167.79597 27.570624 5 6271,159106 0.06903554
31.341961 0.0447500 27.553394 3.3697743 1.9607371
9 171 0.03014904 7 1169.75189 3 6 2256,277987 0.07116136
29.157067 0.0455267 27.545643 3.3706745 2.0209263
3 155 0.03069724 2 1169.52025 3 5 4239,389917 0.07336646
0.0453224 27.547682 3.3704376 2.0826716
26.945937 139 0.03055295 3 1167.06606 2 2 1220,482761 0.07560243
24.718291 27.559760 3.3690361 2.1445258
9 123 0.02969946 0.04411221 1162.34776 2 3 4199,571722 0.07781366
22.484034 0.0418797 27.582040 3.3664600 2.2048528
9 107 0.02813069 1 1155.32308 5 9 2176,703863 0.07993799
 20.253531 0.0386253 27.614519 3.3627263 2.2618634
8 91 0.02585689 2 1145.9711 3 4 5151,972339 0.08190849
18.037767 0.0343786 27.656900 3.3578920 2.3136891
2 75 0.02291285 8 1134.32673 8 3 9125,579486 0.08365685
15.848291 0.0292198 27.708386 3.3520761
2 59 0.01937106 2 1120.53974 2 5 2.3585078 97,6538966 0.08511892
13.696818 0.0233255 3.3455063 2.3947584
8 43 0.01537016 2 1105.00426 27.7672113 9 4 68,7511569 0.08624411
0.0170740 1088.6528 2.4215300
11.593811 27 0.01117924 4 8 27.8296011 3.3386246 139,5847488 0.08701275

Vis,G Dens,G Difusividad LTW LSW LOW aAW aVW EL0

(Kg/m*s) (kg/m3) (m2/s) (m3/m3) (m3/m3) (m3/m3) (m2/m3) (m2/m3)
0.5803571 0.0319191 0.0260078 52.544419
0.0000326 4 7.65057E-05 9 0.00591137 2 9 54.814242 0.70808081
0.5949472 0.0319636 0.0260522 54.846065
3.2067E-05 1 7.34051E-05 4 0.00591137 7 52.591545 3 0.70803636
0.6104949 0.0320055 0.0260942 52.635977 54.876088
3.1522E-05 7 7.03476E-05 7 0.00591137 1 8 4 0.70799443
0.6271045 0.0320443 52.677068 54.903868
3.0965E-05 7 6.73338E-05 7 0.00591137 0.026133 2 4 0.70795563
0.6448874 0.0320795 0.0261681 52.714296
3.0394E-05 3 6.43643E-05 4 0.00591137 7 4 54.92905 0.70792046
 0.6639676 0.0261992 52.747173 54.951298
2.9809E-05 3 6.14397E-05 0.0321106 0.00591137 4 9 8 0.7078894
0.6844839 0.0321371 0.0262257 52.775249 54.970305
2.9211E-05 9 5.85609E-05 4 0.00591137 7 7 6 0.70786286
0.7065929 0.0321587 0.0262473 54.985783
2.86E-05 8 5.57285E-05 5 0.00591137 9 52.798106 9 0.70784125
0.0321750 0.0262637 52.815367 54.997476
2.7975E-05 0.7304717 5.29433E-05 8 0.00591137 1 5 4 0.70782492
0.7563220 0.0321857 0.0262744 52.826695 55.005151
2.7337E-05 6 5.0206E-05 9 0.00591137 2 7 3 0.70781421
0.7843750 0.0321906 0.0262792 52.831803 55.008612
2.6688E-05 7 4.75177E-05 2 0.00591137 6 8 3 0.70780938
0.8148965 0.0321893 0.0262779 52.830459 55.007701
2.6027E-05 5 4.48791E-05 5 0.00591137 8 4 4 0.70781065
0.8481933 0.0321818 0.0262704 55.002312
2.5356E-05 8 4.22913E-05 3 0.00591137 6 52.822506 6 0.70781817
0.8846213 0.0262566 52.807881 54.992405
2.4676E-05 7 3.97552E-05 0.032168 0.00591137 3 5 3 0.707832
0.9245932 0.0321479 0.0262365 52.786671 54.978040
2.3988E-05 8 3.72719E-05 4 0.00591137 7 9 2 0.70785206
0.9685875 0.0321219 0.0262105 52.759188 54.959431
2.3294E-05 8 3.48426E-05 6 0.00591137 9 2 4 0.70787804
0.0320906 0.0261793 52.726090 54.937030
2.2597E-05 1.0171565 3.24685E-05 8 0.00591137 1 7 4 0.70790932
1.0709268 0.0320553 0.0261439 52.688658
2.1899E-05 6 3.0151E-05 2 0.00591137 5 8 54.9117072 0.70794468
1.1305775 0.0320182 0.0261068 52.649398 54.885160
2.1203E-05 5 2.78913E-05 4 0.00591137 8 8 3 0.70798176
 Sc,G FG FGa Cp,G Pr,G hG hGavw Visc,L KL
(Kmol/m2*s) (Kmol/m3*s) (J/Kg*K) (W/m2*K) (W/m3*K) (Kg/m*s) (W/m*K)
0.7342241 1074.5866 0.6989403 89.680485 4915.7678 0.0006970
2 0.00287836 0.15777508 3 8 6 4 9 0.66107312
0.6786905 1084.2661 0.7029646 89.901545 4930.7460 0.0007125
6 0.00303981 0.1667214 5 2 3 3 9 0.656384
0.6625799 1092.3959 0.7069721 90.241264 4952.0875 0.0007267
7 0.00309713 0.16995815 4 5 1 8 1 0.65264114
0.6460721 1099.0342 0.7109073 90.690155 4979.2403 0.0007434
2 0.00316532 0.1737884 4 8 6 7 8 0.64866178
0.7147264 91.237769 0.0007631
0.62916011 0.00324425 0.17820356 1104.27926 4 8 5011.60402 2 0.64448138
0.7183860 91.870467 5048.4015 0.0007858
0.61184511 0.0033337 0.18319122 1108.23239 7 8 3 3 0.64013438
0.5941361 0.7218438 5088.6623
9 0.00343338 0.18873394 1110.99313 8 92.5711125 5 0.00081179 0.63565377
0.5760493 0.7250574 93.318566 5131.1945
8 0.00354287 0.1948077 1112.65161 9 8 5 0.00084113 0.63107047
0.5576076 0.7279852 94.087443 5174.5719 0.0008739
7 0.00366163 0.20138047 1113.28503 3 7 7 7 0.62641343
0.5388398 0.7305852 94.847660 0.0009103
4 0.00378893 0.20841051 1112.9511 8 2 5217.1099 9 0.62170944
0.5197807 0.7328170 5256.8657 0.0009504
2 0.00392384 0.21584494 1111.68664 9 95.564413 5 3 0.61698353
0.5004704 96.198165 5291.6399 0.0009940
9 0.00406522 0.22361845 1109.50429 0.7346417 5 6 9 0.61225919
0.4809549 0.7360240 96.705181 5319.0086 0.0010413
9 0.00421169 0.2316526 1106.39397 9 3 1 1 0.60755889
0.4612854 0.7369355 97.038432 5336.3768
7 0.00436162 0.23985585 1102.32486 7 8 2 0.001092 0.60290445
0.4415200 1097.2567 0.7373603 5341.0968
1 0.00451317 0.24812526 3 5 97.14964 1 0.00114597 0.59831759
0.4217251 1091.1589 0.7373053 96.992552 5330.6555 0.0012029
6 0.00466436 0.2563506 2 4 5 4 8 0.59382015
0.4019787 1084.0446 0.7368163 96.528172 0.0012626
1 0.00481319 0.26442244 7 3 1 5302.97112 8 0.58943393
0.3823770 1076.0468 0.7360127 95.734154 5256.9258 0.0013246
2 0.00495792 0.27224761 9 3 4 6 7 0.58517989
0.3630524 0.7351657 94.623226 5193.4109 0.0013884
3 0.00509757 0.27978087 1067.5912 8 7 7 9 0.58107536

hL Pr,L Ti Pi,A Y'i Pa Na dY´/dZ

(W/m2*K) ( °C) (Pa) Kg agua/Kg g.seco (Pa) (Kmol/m2*s) Kg agua/Kg g.seco
6345.7844 3.9939027 48.648766
5 4 4 11529.6988 0.08263444 0 -0.00036073 0.21699156
6387.9264 4.1779446 47.379153 10815.587 783.23295
5 2 8 5 0.07690474 4 -0.00031954 0.19232556
 4.3367594 45.982958 10074.576
6420.9527 1 2 5 0.07105402 1511.8176 -0.00027779 0.16728678
4.5177139 44.460351 9316.7626 2177.2054
6453.3178 7 6 6 0.0651681 3 -0.00023656 0.1425276
4.7218161 42.820258 8555.9903 2773.2144
6484.1939 8 6 6 0.05935593 1 -0.00019618 0.11825397
6512.8067 4.9499589 41.072592 7804.9478 3294.2505
7 6 4 3 0.05371085 8 -0.00015704 0.09469728
6538.4717 5.2028981 39.224745 7073.5070 3735.2954
8 8 7 2 0.04829957 9 -0.0001195 0.07208729
6560.6208 5.4812456 37.286024 6370.6026 4091.7286
6 4 8 8 0.04317797 2 -8.4024E-05 0.05070072
5.7854437 35.262231 5702.2056 4359.3705
6578.8195 3 3 9 0.03837763 7 -5.1063E-05 0.03081838
6592.7721 33.161565 5073.5965
8 6.11575418 7 2 0.03392389 4534.30113 -2.117E-05 0.01277875
6602.3203 4612.9949
5 6.4722167 30.989658 4487.81169 0.0298256 7 5.0757E-06 -0.00306401
6607.4328 6.8546122 28.753372 3946.9934 4592.2948
6 2 9 4 0.02608569 2 2.7029E-05 -0.01631606
6608.1942 7.2623984 26.456689 3451.5100 4469.6693
8 4 5 5 0.02269556 4 4.4043E-05 -0.02658395
6604.7912 7.6946420 24.106785 3001.5389
9 3 6 2 0.01964643 4243.46119 5.5442E-05 -0.0334586
8.1499228 21.712449 2596.5776
6597.50411 6 7 1 0.01692606 3913.71101 6.0615E-05 -0.03657081
6586.7024 8.6262496 19.281625 3483.4199
2 3 7 2235.11358 0.01451667 9 5.9134E-05 -0.03566474
6572.8487 9.1210166 16.828098 1915.7061
5 2 5 4 0.0124022 2960.6978 5.0864E-05 -0.03066477
6556.5229 9.6310528 14.369565 2363.4587
3 8 4 1636.4918 0.0105649 1 3.6287E-05 -0.02186678
6538.4920 10.152963 1395.4712 1730.0266
4 5 11.9309194 6 0.00898719 1 1.7095E-05 -0.01029634

hG'aH dTG/dZ Tic Tic-Ti dY'/dTg Tg Z

(w/m2*K) (°C/m) (°C) (°C) Kg agua/Kg g.seco) (°C) (m)
4587.7556 48.649199
2 -692.50296 5 0.00043307 -0.00031334 -16 0.02310459
4639.2325 - 47.379697
5 649.977057 7 0.00054382 -0.0002959 -16 0.02461625
4697.8295 45.983305
4 -610.470011 9 0.00034762 -0.00027403 -16 0.02620931
4762.0277 - 44.460564
1 573.324298 6 0.00021299 -0.0002486 -16 0.02790742
4830.9103 - 42.820634
9 537.998782 3 0.00037576 -0.0002198 -16 0.02973984
- 41.072408 -
4903.3375 503.996656 9 0.00018353 -0.00018789 -16 0.03174624
4977.9699 - 39.224758
6 470.875533 8 1.3122E-05 -0.00015309 -16 0.03397926
5053.1686 37.285596 -
6 -438.22716 7 0.00042814 -0.0001157 -16 0.03651074
5127.0475 - 35.262551
4 405.697324 8 0.00032044 -7.5964E-05 -16 0.03943827
- 33.162134
5197.3683 372.965057 7 0.00056904 -3.4263E-05 -16 0.04289946
5261.6066 - 30.990558
8 339.763419 7 0.00090077 9.0181E-06 -16 0.04709159
5316.9182 28.753516
7 -305.87074 4 0.00014352 5.3343E-05 -16 0.05230968
5360.2354 - 26.457024
5 271.130294 8 0.0003353 9.8049E-05 -16 0.05901222
5388.2989 - 24.107369
3 235.437312 1 0.00058345 0.00014211 -16 0.06795864
5397.8653 - -
8 198.752074 21.712126 0.00032368 0.000184 -16 0.0805023
5386.0131 19.281249 -
8 -161.114919 4 0.00037634 0.00022136 -16 0.099308
5350.5457 16.827678 -
6 -122.631511 1 0.00042038 0.00025006 -16 0.13047218
5290.8226 -
1 -83.482465 14.3691141 0.00045133 0.00026193 -16 0.19165701
5209.3539 - -
5 43.9126124 11.9304506 0.00046883 0.00023447 -16 0.36436001