NAV VIVA

27 Aug 18 Chennai Viva – Ramesh

1. Started with initial introduction of background, flying experience etc

2. Explain GPS. How does the GPS receiver calculate its distance from the SV.
Explain errors of GPS.
3. Explain ILS Ground monitoring. (I explained one out of three, the examiner
prodded and helped me out. Seems to be Ex- Air Force guy)
4. What is RNAV. Explain RNP.
5. What are the requirements for RVSM
6. Asked me what projection is used on Jeppesen, as I started explaining started
asking about Rhumb line and GC on Mercator and Lamberts. Why Lamberts is used
in Jeppesen and plotting charts (We use radio waves which travel GC tracks. Straight
lines on Lamberts is GC, hence it is easy to plot and use).
7. Opened the page with ‘communication’!! on a long range jeppesen route chart
and told me to spot Delhi. I read out the Page and section and traced it. Showed me
a RNav compulsory reporting point (shaded star) and asked what it is. Showed me
FIR boundary and asked what it is. Asked me to find out what is the variation. Thats
it....!
8. Asked me what is TORA, TODA, ASDA, Balanced field. Wanted me to go beyond
the theoretical explanation of Balanced field and derive the relation between V1 and
this. Kept asking me what is V1 and at V1 will you abort or continue to take off? Answer
is you can do either. Its given on page 250 of Oxford book on performance.
9. What is the latest version of TCAS. As I said TCAS II 7.1 and went ahead to
explain, he stopped me.
10. How do you measure the JPT in Artouste III B engine of Chetak helicopter
(Bimetallic strip – seebeck principle). Also asked me what is P2 pressure in that
engine.
11. Draw and show how an ac will be indicated during RA on the EFIS. Wanted me
to explain various symbols like up/down arrow, colour of diamond, ht figure under the
diamond etc
12. Explain in detail the mode 4 of GPWS. He said you lower flaps but still you get
warning of Too Low Flaps, I blinked for a while, he prompted flap has different
settings.... I caught on to it and said, the flap is not on landing position.
13. Explain climb profile.....the four segments of it with gradient such as 2.4%, 1.2%
etc
14. Explain Vmcg, V1, Vmca and V2. As I spent more time in V1, he moved on to
other question.
15. How is the degradation of RNAV indicated to the pilot on the cockpit. I said in
HSI, he asked me what is the indication, said don’t know, that’s all. (The answer as
per Embraer pilot is – its displayed on the PFD)

General......I could make out that they are looking for clarity of thought. Not looking for
in depth details. You must tell them the basic principle/working and if possible figures
thereafter. A sequential pattern of explanation helps and they stop you midway once
they are sure of your clarity. Few times, I wanted to explain with pen and paper but
they declined and told me to explain just like that.
[18/06, 11:04 AM] +91 96503 17474: RA delhi...was the first to kick start...luckily didn’t get
kicked, went off very well. Which ac do you fly? ILS, IRS( in detail) GPS, GAGAN, CANPA,
TCAS. Thank you.

[18/06, 11:58 AM] +91 81063 76426: 1. Difference between DME and TACAN.
2. Gyros and Compass, AGD of MiG-21
3. GPWS
4. RVSM

Got tied up in gyros and difference between TACAN and DME

Nav,
1. what have you studied?? Took 5-7 min to explain map projections,
2. Then stop way clear way
3. General bc and out

[18/06, 2:45 PM] +91 81795 88047: Otherwise other questions were
Canpa cdfa difference and why dda

Climb gradient
GPS errors
RVSM to many
Gyro errors and types of gyro
Segments in take off
Segments in app
[18/06, 2:45 PM] +91 81795 88047: ETOPS
[18/06, 2:45 PM] +91 81795 88047: VOR
[18/06, 2:46 PM] +91 96526 16854: Nav. RNP only
Instruments. GPS errors, VOR principle. ILS components. IRS
[18/06, 2:46 PM] +91 81795 88047: TCAS version 7 and 7.1

Otherwise other questions were

Nav
Canpa cdfa difference and why dda
Climb gradient, angle of climb vs rate of climb
RVSM to many people
Segments in take off, and climb gradients reqd
Segments in app
Stopaway, Clearway and any difference for number of engines
Great circle
Rhumb line
EGPWS warnings and working

[19/06, 1:32 PM] +91 95872 76701: Today's viva

Nav

Which ac you fly

Definition of Nm
take off segment gradients
ILS localiser position
Thaak you
[19/06, 2:40 PM] +91 70420 23482: Todays Nav viva, Which ac do u fly, what have u
studied, tell is about gps, navigation over the poles, explain Lamberts conformal projection,
define small circle, latitude, asda, V1 and out.

Others were asked... define various V speeds, numerical on track error and closing angle,
Tora toda etc RVSM contingencies, triangle of velocities

[23/06, 12:15 PM] Cdr Kotari ENC: Diff between map and chart
Changes in gradients of second segment t/o that can be made
Lambert projection
Tell about Ac performance
Pbn, rnp, rnav
Rvsm
TCAS, 7.1 and 7
Gpws, egpws
Cdfa, how will u navigate from sea to goa
Which approach
ILS explain
Jeppsenvwhich chart
Types of navigational aids
[23/06, 12:16 PM] Cdr Kotari ENC: Toda
[23/06, 12:17 PM] Cdr Kotari ENC: Clearway
Gradient and limitationscof clearway
[23/06, 12:17 PM] Cdr Kotari ENC: He said tell me about Ac performance
[23/06, 12:18 PM] Cdr Kotari ENC: Maybe it was r/w performance

Aug 2018

1. Projection
Properties of a map
Orthomorphism
Great circle
RL
Lat
Long
WGS84
Modified Everest
Errors of both
Why WGS 84 does not suit us

Aug 2018

Nav Delhi
1. EGPWS
2. RNAV PARAMETERS
3. PBN
4. LONGITUDE
5. ORTHOMORPHISM
RADIO
1. INS COMPLETE
2. IRS COMPLETE
3. MACH METER
4. ACCELEROMETER
5. RLG

A few of qns from my side. Have not saved them with date, but have just compiled them. -
Wg Cdr Vipul Bhatia

After taking reviews from various sources we have prepared the following list of questions
which are generally asked in DGCA ATPL oral exam (Air Navigation and Radio Aids)

Differentiate between GPWS and EGPWS.

How does GPWS and EGPWS work? – also explain about the warnings given by both

What is the difference between RNP and RNAV approaches?

Is RNP 1 or RNP 10 better?

What is Grid MORA?

What is CANPA?

What is the difference between CANPA and CDFA approach?

What is the difference between Radio Altimeter and Radar Altimeter?

What do you understand by RVSM contingencies?

What all types of projections can be used for navigation at equator?

How many satellites are required for RAIM?

What all airspaces are there in India?

What is RVSM? What are the requirements to enter in RVSM airspace?

What is ETOPS?

What is EDTO and different extensions?

Explain working of TCAS is brief.

What is the difference between TCAS 1 and 2?

Explain radio failure procedure for IFR and VFR flights.

State requirements for ILS Cat 3 b

Is middle marker mandatory for ILS approaches?

What is predictive wind-shear?

How do you navigate in cae of triple ILS failure?

Why is 50 feet added to MDA to calculate DDH in CANPA approach?

What do you know about FANS?

Why is instrumentation for RNP-10 more complex that RNP-5?

Differentiate between adequate and suitable airports.

How to do CANPA approach if FAF is not published?

How is FAF crossing height determined?

How can the height of cloud base be calculated using weather radar?

How do you navigate on poles?

Projection
Properties of a map
Orthomorphism
Great circle
RL
Lat
Long
WGS84
Modified Everest
Errors of both
Why WGS 84 does not suit us
RNP
RNav
GPS principle
Errors
PBN
Onboard performance monitoring
ILS
INGPS
Rvsm. Ils errors. What type of projection in enroute charts and what is the advantage.
Egpws. Basic radio waves. V speeds. Today's viva.
ILS ground monitoring
Factors affecting Aircraft Performance
Take off segments
What type of chart is jeppesen
RNAV and diff wrt RNP ans
OBPMA
Where is it indicated
Dash vs solid lines on in STAR.. ans it is that the star starts from solid line
ELT frequencies
DEF layer

https://aviationthrust.in/aviation-training/dgca-atpl-navigation-and-radio-aids-oral-viva-
examination-questions-bank-latest/
1. Differentiate between GPWS and EGPWS.
2. How does GPWS and EGPWS work? – also explain about the warnings given by both
3. What is the difference between RNP and RNAV approaches?
4. Is RNP 1 or RNP 10 better?
5. What is Grid MORA?
6. What is CANPA?
7. What is the difference between CANPA and CDFA approach?
8. What is the difference between Radio Altimeter and Radar Altimeter?
9. What do you understand by RVSM contingencies?
10. What all types of projections can be used for navigation at equator?
11. How many satellites are required for RAIM?
12. What all airspaces are there in India?
13. What is RVSM? What are the requirements to enter in RVSM airspace?
14. What is ETOPS?
15. What is EDTO and different extensions?
16. Explain working of TCAS is brief.
17. What is the difference between TCAS 1 and 2?
18. Explain radio failure procedure for IFR and VFR flights.
19. State requirements for ILS Cat 3 b
20. Is middle marker mandatory for ILS approaches?
21. What is predictive wind-shear?
22. How do you navigate in cae of triple ILS failure?
23. Why is 50 feet added to MDA to calculate DDH in CANPA approach?
24. What do you know about FANS?
25. Why is instrumentation for RNP-10 more complex that RNP-5?
26. Differentiate between adequate and suitable airports.
27. How to do CANPA approach if FAF is not published?
28. How is FAF crossing height determined?
29. How can the height of cloud base be calculated using weather radar?
30. How do you navigate on poles?