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TUGAS KELOMPOK

SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN JURNAL


INSTITUT TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK TRISAKTI

Anggotakelompok:
1. Laila Ramadhaniah (224415100)
2. Nurlailani Ismahsari (224415105)
3. Novianty Putri (2244151080)
4. Nindya Rizki (224415114)
5. Yolana Kusuma Dewi (224415091)
6. Fadlilah Oktafiani (224415103)
ANALYSIS MANAGING DELAY CARGO EXPORT
AIRFREIGHT AT PT. SCHENKER PETROLOG UTAMA
MAIN BRANCH SOEKARNO HATTA INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT

ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KETERLAMBATAN BARANG


KIRIMAN EKSPOR DI PT. SCHENKER PETROLOG UTAMA
CABANG BANDARA INTERNASIONAL SOEKARNO HATTA

NURJANNAH
InstitutTransportasi&LogistikTrisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: nanaalmutahr@gmail.com

ABSTRACTS
PT. Schenker Petrolog Utama as Freight Forwarding company as a cargo agent who
handles exports or imports from the sender to the airline as a distributor of the activity
of sending goods to the activity of the receipt of goods when they arrive at the
destination. While in providing their services often face many obstacles and barriers
such as delays in the clearance of goods at the Custom Clearance delayed delivery of
the supporting documents from the shipper, the absence of the upgrade system as the
network has not replaced thereby inhibiting the delivery of goods, the proposal letter
to re-export requires additional time again, the limited number of officers in handling
cargo delivery. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative
approach.Descriptive research method purpose to describe a behavior or type of
subject not to look for any specific relationships, nor to correlate 2 or more variables.
The results of studies that have examined it can be concluded that there are many
factors that affect delays in delivery of export cargo drawbacks include good
communication, a system that has not been upgraded, the lack of employees who
handle cargo shipments.

Keywords: Management, Operation Management, Descriptive Qualitativ


ABSTRAK
PT. Schenker Petrolog Utama sebagai perusahaan Freight Forwarding sebagai agen
kargo yang menangani ekspor atau impor dari pengirim ke perusahaan penerbangan
sebagai distributor aktivitas pengiriman barang ke aktivitas penerimaan barang saat
tiba di tempat tujuan. Sementara dalam memberikan layanan mereka sering
menghadapi banyak hambatan-hambatan seperti keterlambatan dalam clearance
barang di Custom Clearance tertunda pengiriman dokumen pendukung dari pengirim,
tidak adanya sistem upgrade karena jaringan belum diganti sehingga menghambat
pengiriman barang, surat lamaran untuk re-ekspor membutuhkan waktu tambahan lagi,
jumlah petugas yang terbatas dalam menangani pengiriman kargo. Penelitian ini
merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode
penelitian deskriptif bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku atau jenis subjek untuk
tidak mencari hubungan tertentu, atau untuk menghubungkan 2 atau lebih variabel.
Hasil penelitian yang telah meneliti dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada banyak faktor yang
mempengaruhi keterlambatan pengiriman kargo ekspor termasuk kelemahan
komunikasi yang baik, sistem yang belum di-upgrade, kurangnya karyawan yang
menangani pengiriman kargo.

Kata kunci: Manajemen, Manajemen Operasi, Deskriptif Kualitatif


INTRODUCTION a. Location
Author do the research at PT.
A. Background ScehnkerPetrologUtama Main Branch
In recent years the export activities Cengkareng, Soewarna Business Park
play a major role for the economic SoekarnoHatta International Airport by the
development of a country. PT. Schenker as a observation and survey at PT.
freight forwarder as a cargo agent who SchenkerPetrologUtama
handles exports or imports from the sender to b. Time
the airline as a distributor of the activity of Observations that author take since 19
sending goods to the activity of the receipt of September until 19 December 2016.
goods when they arrive at the destination.
PT. Schenker has been active in Indonesia 2. Characteristic and Type of
since 1976 and formed a joint venture with Research
long-term partner, Petrolog Indah Group in Author takes survey as characteristic of
March 1999. In 2007 PT. Airfreight the research for thesis. Survey is to view in
Schenker opened a branch office in detail, especially to inspect, examine, or
Soewarna Business Park in Cengkareng appraise formally orofficially in order to
Airport. ascertain condition, value.
Descriptive research “is designed to
The idea of this research is to know andprovide a picture of a situation as it naturally
understand the things pertaining to thehappens”. It may be used to justify current
managing of the sending Goods, Goodspractice and make judgment and also to
handling, transporting and Goods distribution.develop theories.This research is a
Based on the description above, the writer isdescriptive study using a qualitative
interested to explore more deeply and want toapproach. Descriptive research method
present in the form of thesis titled: “ANALYSIS purpose to describe a behavior or type of
OF MANAGING DELAY CARGO EXPORTSubject not to look for any specific
AIRFREIGHT SURVEY AT PT. SCHENKERrelationships, nor to correlate 2 or more
PETROLOG UTAMA BRANCH OFFICEvariables
SOEKARNO HATTA INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT 2016” 3. Data analysis technique
With qualitative method is used, the data
B. Obejctives
obtained will be more complete, more in-
depth, credible and meaningful, so the
1. To determine the number of existing
purpose of this research can be achieved.
export at PT. Schenker Petrolog Utama
Qualitative research design is divided into
periode 19 September until 19 December
four stages, namely:
2016.
a. Planning
2. To determine about Problem that
Activities undertaken in this phase are
caused delay in Petrolog Utama periode 19
follows cargo delay factor analysis, the
September until 19 December 2016.
standard of facilities and infrastructure, the
3. To determine solution of handling
preparation of the study design, the
cargo export at PT. Schenker Petrolog Utama
determination of the place of research, and
periode 19 September until 19 December
the preparation of research instrument.
2016.
b. Implementation
At this stage the research as well as a
C. Research Methodology
research executive human instrument looking
for data information, namely in- depth
1. Location and Time Research
interview on the division of air export- Direct interviews conducted by the
import operations. In addition, researchers parties concerned to obtain facts,
also analyzed what are the barriers that often opinions and data - other data related to
occur in the export air cargo and observe penilitian done.
what are the factors of delay of export cargo
at PT. SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng Research Library (Library Research)
and observe how the maintenance and In order to strengthen the idea of the study,
manage process of export air cargo directly. the authors need theories or opinions of
c. Data Analysis experts originating from the library literature
Data analysis was performed after research and lectures and other sources that are
conducted interviews depth to the export- considered to reinforce the idea of research is
import operation division of air and any being investigated.
observations that became the delay factors of
export cargo at PT.
SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng
d. Evaluations
All data requirements, availability in
desirable in export cargo delay factor
research at PT.
SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng that has
been analyzed and then evaluated so known
what are the main factor of the delay of
export cargo at PT.
SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng.
4. Method of Data Analysis
a. Research Method Deductive methode, a
methode based on logical thinking and
generally accepted within the framework
decision on the facts that share are being
observed, then gives advice on the basis
of the conclusions.
Data collection technique:
1) Field research
This method is done by investigators to
review and direct observation of
spaciousness where the author did on job
training, namely the Department Air
Freight Export Utama PT.
SchenkerPetrolog. In observing the data
obtained through:
2) Direct Observation (Observation)
Observation is a direct observation of the
problems associated with what will be
researched by the author at the time of
implementing the Job Training was held
on September 19 to December 19 2016.
3) Interview
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION In IATA TACT Rules,Rizaldy and Rifni (2013
; 21 ) Perform Goods Acceptance
Checklist, include:
A. Analysis and Discussion 1) The actual amount of goods received at the
In this chapter will discuss the results of research warehouse.
and discussion of the data that has writers get by 2) weight of goods in accordance with the
using the method of data collection of field research data needed for chargeable weight scales
in the form of direct observation and interviews to on the AWB and manufacture Load Sheet.
obtain primary data and secondary data obtained 3) Packing items must be in good condition
directly from the company and readings or literature and safe for flight and Ensuring sticking
relating with research that the author got from the labels for handling general cargo and
library or from a company doing research. This study special cargo and AWB
aims to determine the management of export air cargo And acceptance Document Checklist, include:
delays at PT.SchenkerPetrologUtama branch 1) Reservation, where the items received after
Cengkareng. This research was conducted by using the reservation must confirm / Allotment
descriptive qualitative method. 2) AWB received must be filled out
PT.SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng is one completely and correctly.
branch office in Indonesia. 3) Supplementary required documents such
PT.SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng airports as:
delivers of cargo via air freight and project cargo a) House AWB
delivery service and management of customs. b) House Manifest
While in providing their services often face many c) Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods
obstacles and barriers such as inspecting goods on d) Shipper's Certificate for Live Animal
customs clearance need takes too long for checking e) Declaration of Indemnity
the goods mainly for re-export of goods so that they f) other documents
cannot put cargo into the warehouse punctual airline. 4) Restriction and Embargo, make sure the
Another issue that often happens is part of these goods delivered free of States and Carriers
documents are missing as a master Air waybill or Restriction Restriction and Embargo.
NPE (Memorandum of Notification Export of goods) a. In the shipping of goods, there are some parties
and PEB (export notification) and sometimes the that are related to one another, namely shipper-
goods tracking system encountered an error. They carrier-consignee. In handling of export cargo
also still have deficiencies in cooperation with shipments starting from the receipt of the goods
airlines in sending goods. They also have another from the shipper until loaded onto the aircraft to
problem which is a process that takes too long to be transported from one city to another at home
propose re-export of goods letter that inhibit the and abroad. Process activity as follows:
export shipments. Not infrequently many customers
filed a complaint or feel disappointed because of Activity Process Export at
delays in delivery of the goods. The technology they PT.SchenkerPetrologUtama Branch Office
used also not good because often an error occurs so Cengkareng
often encounter obstacles in completing the required
documents. PetrologUtamaCengkareng begin with, the first
1. The process of cargo export activity at PT. step is the customer or commonly called as
SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng shipper, sends Shipping Instruction to
customer service PT. SPU. Shipping Instruction
containing In the shipping instruction are
included address of the consignee (consignee),contains the name of the exporter, the importer, the
notifity party (receiver-II), commodity (goods)number of items, boxes or pieces, gross weight, and
that is sent, the number of boxes, the number ofthe nett weight.
pieces, gross weight, nett weight, final
destination, and even the flight schedule Fourth, the next step is to perform x-ray for
(schedule) , Such data is important, because the security for goods to be delivered. after x- ray
on board capacity is very limited. Especially and verifiably secure the goods next steps to
gross weight (gross weight) have to be really bring the goods to the custom for the item will
careful after receiving the shipping instruction be checked reconsideration, print proof weigh
the customer service will make job file for goods, pay rent warehouses and also pay a fee
delivery of the goods. of the unpacked cargo if the cargo has
experienced problems such as incompatible
Second, job file will be given to the admin export to with identity listed in the document, as well as
making house air waybill, after that customer will checking the completeness of letters or
send the goods to PT.SPU, after the goods arrive, documents such as packing lists, commercial
the operation will check the cargo. The cargo has to invoices and PEB to ascertain if the goods and
be matched with the identity of the cargo that documents are complete and appropriate if
already in job file has been made by admin there is a document that is incomplete or the
operation. goods are not in accordance with the documents
that have been made, the goods will be entrance
Third, after the inspection of the goods match the to the red line for further testing and will be
existing identity will be created labels used as a sign made NOTUL (Nota Pembetulan) or
for the goods to be exported, that is not scattered Memorandum of Correction , but if the goods
when unloaded in the country of destination and are deemed safe or usually is a general cargo
make reservation to the airline after the reservation allowed to enter / exit in Indonesia without any
is made acceptable by the airline, Airline will issue specific documentation that the goods will enter
Air waybill that serves to reserve a spot (booking the customs green line and will provide a
space). PT. SPU will confirm the flight schedules to written NPE, by using NPE in stuffing the
customers by giving DO (Delivery Order) for the cargo warehouse to the airport to wait
delivery of goods from the exporter to the transported to the aircraft that have been
warehouse PT.SPU before the entry of goods into scheduled. In addition, the carrier / the airlines
the plane, one day before the goods have to go will issue MAWB and HAWB. Air waybill is a
inside the warehouse (warehouse) airline, In this document that should exist in every air
case for easy setup stuff in the air. And with export transport. Air waybill also serves to disburse
goods, PT SchenkerPetrologUtama attach the some funds were opened by the importer to an
document invoice, packing list, and COO exporter who typically use the L / C (Letter of
(Certificate of Origin). The content of the invoice is Credit). L / C can be open if there is a genuine
the elaboration of a shipping instruction plus a gross AWB document. And the last but not list, the
weight of concrete data and nett weight. COO next process of the cargo delivered to the
(Certificate of Origin) is a document issued warehouse airline or called regulated agents to
Disperindag (Departemenn Industri dan be delivered.
Perdagangan), in accordance with the respective
country of destination. Fill COO (Certificate of Document Flow Air Freight Export
Origin) was also stripped of the shipping PTSchenkerPetrolog Utama
instruction, invoice and packing list. There is also
The document flow of air freight export PTamounted to 8487 shipment and with an average of
SchenkerPetrologUtama is from Shipping1306 shipment.
Instruction (SI) Customer ServiceAdmin
ExportBooking Slot Airline FlightThe number of shipments in January amounted to
Scheduled Received cargo PEB771 Shipment for delivery on time at 703 and
Customs Clearance NPE Create Masterdelayed by 68 Shipment. Then in the following year
of Air Waybill (M-AWB) and House of Airthe month of February amounted to 675 export
waybill (H-AWB) Issued InvoiceCompletecargo shipping with delivery on time shipment of
document. 621 deliveries and delayed by 54 shipment. Then in
the 3rd month of the month of march total
According to one of the operations staff who haveshipments amounted to 633 shipments with a total
worked less than 15 years at PT.of 584 on-time shipment and shipment delays
SchenkerPetrologUtama: totaling 49. Continue to the next month is the month
of April, this month, total shipments amounted to
"The process of export cargo activities can work659 shipments by the number of 606 deliveries on
smoothly if systems and handling cargo runningtime shipment and delivery delays totaling 53
well as facilities and infrastructure ownedshipments. The following month the month of may,
warehouses and warehousing sufficient andthere are 686 shipment by shipment on time for
execution of the work done properly. shipment and delays delivery 635 by 51 shipment.
In the next month June, amount totaled 658
2. The causing of the problem that resulted in
delivery export cargo shipment and the timely
a delay of delivery of the goods at PT. Top
delivery of shipment amounted to 603 and the total
SchenkerPetrologCengkareng
delay amounted to 55 shipment delivery. the
following month, the month of July totaled 447
General Cargo Shipment Data Export PTcargo shipment export shipment by shipment on
Schenker Petrolog Utama Cengkareng time totaled 417 shipment and delivery delays
totaling 30 shipment. last month in August the
number of shipments of exported goods amounted
1200 to 677 shipments with a total delivery of 417
1000 shipments on time and total delay in delivery of
800 goods exports by 30 shipment.
600 Ship
ment
Further to the next month of September, the month
400 of September we can see the total number of
200 shipments of exported goods amounted to 735 and
0 the total time delivery of goods amounted to 671
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov and the total delay shipment of cargo shipments by
64 Shipment. the following month, in October
Source: PT Schenker Petrolog Utama 2016
shipments amounted to 724 the number of cargo
(Adapted by the writer)
shipment and timely delivery with the total
Based on Table IV.3 and Figure IV.2 above theamounting to 656 and the total delay amounted to
data table on the export cargo shipping PT.68 shipment delivery. the following month,
SchenkerPetrologUtama can be seen that there is aNovember freight export amounted to 800 shipment
change in the export cargo shipments every monthby the number of cargo shipments of export on time
with a total export cargo shipments in 2016totaled 920 shipment and the amount of delay of
cargo exports totaled 70 shipment and during theThe goods mentioned in the first point is not exempt
last month December of shipping cargo exportsfrom the export tax where the tax must be paid.
totaled 1022 shipment and that includes a number ofThis factor becomes a problem that often occurs
shipments on-time cargo shipment amounts to 920because when the freight forwarding them to deliver
and the number of delays in delivery of cargothe goods in check is often the custom clearance of
shipments totaled 120 shipment. from the abovethe goods does not check the schedule should be.
explanation can be concluded that the monthlySuch goods should have been checked up to 8 hours
shipment of export cargo at PT.before being handed over to the airline to depart
SchenkerPetrologUtama fluctuating amount offrom the customs clearance but does not perform the
cargo, which is not cannot be predicted on eachprocedure by checking items 2 hours before
month if their increase in the number of exportdeparture. This is certainly an obstacle delivery of
cargo shipments. but when viewed in December thegoods as a result of goods cannot be delivered in a
number of shipments in December can be said to betimely manner. Staff who work there said:
greatly improved compare month previous month
due to a pick season which led to numerous requests "Sometimes the custom clearance has not been
crago shipping exports at PT. willing to unseal items to check before 2 hours
SchenkerPetrologUtama. of departure. They like to postpone the opening
of the seal without any apparent reason. Less
According to available data the cause of the delay in optimal inspection carried out by the customs
delivery of goods exports was caused by several that causes late to deliver goods to the airline to
factors, including: depart. "
a. Delayed checking the goods at Custom b. The late delivery of supporting documents
Clearance from the shipper In the delivery of export goods
Customs is always related to the monitoring of would require some additional documents such
goods in and out of the customs area were charging as supporting documents such as:
import duties and out. According to the 1945 1) Export License
Constitution which states "all kinds of taxes for Export control document issued by a
state purposes should be based on the law. There is government agency to monitor the export of
goods that require inspection: sensitive technologies (such as advanced
1) Goods export goods are not included in the computer chips, encryption- decryption
category of dangerous for customs. software), prohibited materials (drugs,
2) Goods items mentioned first point to get an genetically- modified plants), dangerous
exception if the bead vinegar obtains a written order materials (explosive, radioactive substances,
by Dir. Jen. to carry out checks if the item indicated strategic materials ( uranium, advanced alloys),
suspicious because: the goods is monitored by the or goods in short supply in the home market
sender or goods, including goods that are prohibited (foodstuffs, raw materials).
for export. 2) CoO (Certificate of Origin), a certificate of
3) Goods such goods exempted from customs duty origin issued by the Department of Industry and
or import duty may be recovered, depending on the Trade to exporters, their role is to proof the
results of the examination surveyor appointed by the authenticity of the goods from the country of
government. origin listed on the Bill Of Lading.
4) In the event that additional export tax payments 3) Packing List
made by the exporter at the time of delivery of List of packing system. Packing list published
foreign banks. by any exporter every time you export. Data
packing list of data that will be loaded on thecannot be delivered on time. Documents important
Bill Of Lading Air waybill. Shippingrole in the delivery of goods ifthe documents
Instruction, Document is a work order to therequired are not completed then the goods are not
shipper to transport goods exporter's export upbeing sent. "
to place the goal importer.
In making deliveries that require a lot c.ofLess not upgrades system, still using the old system
supporting documents but sometimes necessaryat PT. SchenkerPetrologUtama
paperwork has not been completed is madeSystem plays an important role in supporting the
become an obstacle to the delivery of goods indelivery process. Therefore, the system used should
accordance with the schedule. Cargo delaysalways be noticed or monitored so as not to interfere
often happened in multiple shipments of exportin the process of delivery of goods. One of the
goods. Cargo delays may also result in badproblems in PT. SchenkerPetrologUtama is still the
effectN for the company. Therefore, the authorsexistence of some system that is not yet in upgrade
analyze the causes of the delay of cargo on theto the new system one system named PROCARS
PT.SchenkerPetrologUtamaCengkareng. This system is known as a system to use to create
invoices, master air waybill, for reservation and
Ricardianto, et all said “Late and incompletemany more uses. This system has not been upgraded
export documents make problem for the cargo in theto a new system that makes this system sometimes
Customs of both departure country and destinationexperience an error when being operated. One staff
country. Such a situation,of course, can disrupt theinvoicing says:
export-import activities; for example, the goods can“PROCARS system that we use comes from
not enter or go out the port area because thesingapore and still on the upgrade we've asked for
required documents are not complete. As the goodsthe latest system upgrade, but the upgrade singapur
are detained in the port, consequently, the rentcannot provide a new system for us for now.”
expense (cost) for warehouse increases, and the Other problems exist in the system document
delay of sending goods to the consignee will make storage memory used is not large enough to
further problems.”This statement or condition its store all the data, so sometimes when scan files
same with PT.Schenker Petrolog Utama or downloading files cannot be done because
Cengkareng , in there the late and incomplete export memory used full so had to wait for the IT team
document always happens that can make inhibited to move the old data are added to other storage
in handling document export cargo. which requires quite a long time to transfer the
file. Ineffective use of this storage system
Heizer and Rander(2009) said “Overall the value sometimes hinder the delivery or manufacture
associated with the development and delivery of of export documents.
goods on time, scheduling a reliable and flexible d. The limited number of officers in handling
performance. Flexible response can be considered cargo delivery
as the ability to meet changes in the market whereaccording to observations by the author insufficient
there is a renewal of design and volumenumbers of staff who handle cargo shipments into
fluctuations.”The theory means for to get the addedone problem because, according to observations by
value in shipment goods must on time, schedulingthe author only two staff who handle cargo
reliable and flexible performance.One staffshipments for export it is certainly an impact on
operation in Schenker, said: delay in delivery of goods exports and make the
delivery cannot be done properly time. Lack of
"Factor that often occurs is the manufacture of
human resources is indeed a separate issue from the
supporting documents unfinished cause the goods
PT. Schenker has not been the addition to staff who
handling the operation of the cargo delivery.delivery. In addition, PT. SchenkerPetrologUtama
According to one staff operation in PT. Schenkeralways strive minimum delivery problems cargo
reveals that: export as one example to give information to the
"The additional labor at the operation is in needagent or the customer in the event of non-
to help handle the delivery of export goods,compliance schedule to the destination, so that
especially if the pick season happens sometimes wecustomers can rearrange delivery schedules for
like the hassle of having many interests to deliveriesSchenker always prioritize the safety and
goods because it's actually very needed additionalsatisfaction of the customer or the customer.
labor in the division once this operation ".
3. The solution to handle cargo delays at the
PT.SchenkerPetrologUtama Cengkareng b. Analysis of the causes of the delay of export
The solution needed to handle cargo delays at PT. cargo at. SchenkerPetrolog.Utama.
SchenkerPetrologUtama according to the SchenkerAnalysis of data obtained from the company can be
are to: concluded that the cause of the delay of cargo due to
a. Delays documents that often occurs in PT.several factors of a system that works not optimal,
Schenker is caused by external factors so that thehumanserror, the customs clearance work is not yet
solutions are often undertaken by Schenker is to dooptimal.
a reminder to parties. c. The solution to handling the cargo delays at
b. To overcome the limitations of existing PT. SchenkerPetrologUtama
employees in admin export division and also on the The solution that has been done by the
part of the management operation Schenker adding Schenker include making reminder to the third
employees' to use the services of interns. parties incompleting documents, overcoming
the limitation of the number of employees
conducted by Schenker is with how to use
increasing working hours.
CONCLUSION
B. Suggestion
A. Conclusion
Observation and analysis, the authors
1. Conclusion
propose some suggestions that would be
Based on the analysis and discussion undertaken by
beneficial to the company in taking decisions
the authors of theanalysis of managing air cargo
on the future, namely:
export delay that occurred in PT.
1. Export cargo handling procedures will be
SchenkerPetrologUtama, the authors found the
undertaken by the Schenker is good and should
factors that affect delays in delivery of export cargo
be maintained and should be improved to
air. Results data is analyzed a number of inhibiting
increasing profit to the company and better
factors in the delivery of goods export and these
understand more about the customers wishes to
results can be summarized as follows:
overcome the problem of delay cargo export.
a. Analysis of export cargo handling Delivery
2. To overcome the problem of delay cargo
cargo handling export shipments made by PT.
export
SchenkerPetrologUtama exports become one of the
triggers increased state revenue, because PT. PT Schenker Petrolog Utama Cengkareng
SchenkerPetrologUtama always follow the latest should give a deadline in completeness of
international regulations set by IATA TACT that documents and recheck the complete
ensures the shipment in accordance with the terms documents, improving the system by updating
and conditions of each secure in the course of the computerized system used, confirm any
information received to avoid any Sujarweni, V.Wiratna; MetodePenelitian, PT.
miscommunication between the parties PUSTAKA BARU, Yogyakarta, 2014
concerned.
Mike Schraederet all. (2014) .The Functions of
3. Suggested to the management to conduct Management as Mechanisms for Fostering
surveillance related to employee performance Interpersonal Trust. Journal of advances in
so that employees are motivated to work harder business research. 4-7.
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