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Air Conditioning Equipment Using

DC Power Supply System


Kazuto Yukita, Tadashi Hosoe, Shunsuke Horie, Keiichi Hirose and Masatoshi Noritake
Toshiro Matsumura and Masayoshi Hamanaka Data Center Business Headquarters
Department of Electrical and Electronics NTT Facility, Granpark tower, 3-4-1 Shibaura
Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa 1247, Yagusa Minato-ku, 108-0023, Tokyo
Toyota, 470-0392, Japan hirose36@ntt-f.co.jp, norita23@ntt-f.co.jp
yukita@aitech.ac.jp,t-hosoe@aitech.ac.jp

Abstract—In recent years, energy-saving measures in the AC power supply system. Therefore, the following kinds of
household electrical appliances is progressing. Further, with the power supply modes were considered for the basic operation
development of power electronics field, digital household method of the system in this paper.
electrical appliances that operate at DC power source is
beginning to increase. In this paper, basic system action testing of A. AC/DC power supply mode
a system was put into effect. An air-conditioning equipment was In this case, an air-conditioning equipment uses DC power
used for system action testing. As a result, the cooperativeness of
that generates electricity in the PV system. Then, when the
DC power supply system and AC power supply system were
electric power consumed by an air-conditioning equipment is
confirmed.
left, it is the mode by which the reverse power flow makes the
Keywords— DC power supply, AC power supply, Air electric power the system in PCS. If it is lacking, it is the mode
conditioner, MPPT by which the electric power is received from the power system.
B. PCS mode
I. INTRODUCTION
The air conditioning equipment uses DC power from the
In recent years, distributed generation and energy storage PV power system and the surplus PV electric power is
technologies have become valuable in various scenarios with provided to the power system.
the environment and energy considerations. These technologies
can improve the energy efficiency of DC loads and electric
III. MODEL SYSTEM
loads that contain a DC link, such as LED lights, LED TVs,
and air conditioning. The use of a DC power supply can reduce The DC power supply system used in this study is
the number of AC/DC converters. Because a DC distribution illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 depicts the system without the
grid can save a DC/AC inverting link in distributed generation, backward flow of power. This system is composed of a PV
DC load, power electronic equipment, etc., are merged into the power generation system, a DC/DC converter, a PCS, and an
AC grid to have the ability to improve power distribution air conditioner. The air-conditioning equipment can use DC
reliability and power quality. Next, we consider the validity of power supply and AC power supply. Therefore, the input
the DC power supply. The equipment with a rectifier and an electric power uses AC power supply of 100 V and DC power
inverter is feasible by adopting an appropriate direct current supply from the PV generation system. The PCS and DC/DC
voltage, thus showing the merit of a DC power supply. converter are equipped with the maximum power point
Therefore, the improvement in efficiency by using a DC power tracking method. Then, the electric power from PV can be
supply for a household equipment is calculated. The efficiency outputted to the full. The specification of each equipment used
ratio of a household improves by approximately 5.0% and
for this system is indicated in Tables 1–4.
approximately 3.0% improvement in efficiency can be
expected with LED illumination. This paper describes an air
conditioning equipment using a DC power supply system. The Table.1 Specification of the Solar Power panel
system is composed of a photovoltaic (PV) system, power Solar power panel
conditioning system (PCS), and DC load. The air conditioning Pmax 70W
equipment contributes to a higher percentage of electric power Voc 20.4V
consumption. Therefore, this system can be expected to result Isc 4.87A
in more energy savings than an AC system.
Vpm 15.8V
II. DC POWER SUPPLY OPERATION METHOD Ipm 4.43A

In general, AC power supply is used for appliances. When


DC power supply is used, it is necessary to cooperate with an

978-1-5386-1019-0/17/$31.00 © 2017 IEEE 229 INTELEC 2017


DC・PCS(NTT-F)

PV HVDC-PCS・U
(10kW)
Surge
Absorption Control Compressor AC DC DC AC
Electrode
Circuit
(1P3W)
Line1 Air Conditioner

Line2
Enclosure
Ground

PCS(P73J)
(3P3W)

D
L

PV Input
(7circuit) C C inverter C
D

insulation converter
GND

Fig.1 System Configuration (Using PCS)

Table. 2 Specification of the PCS if the PV generation capacity is insufficient, we operate the air
Power conditioning system
conditioner using AC from the commercial power supply. On
Rated power 5.5kW
the contrary, when sufficient amount of PV is generated, we
Rated input voltage DC250V
operate the air conditioner using DC supply. At this time, the
Input operation voltage range DC0~400V
surplus power that is generated results in a power backward
Rated output voltage AC202±12V flow to the system via the PCS. In this research, we examine
Rated frequency 50/60Hz the two patterns of reverse power flow using Line 1 and Line 2.
Power factor 0.95
In this study, we perform basic action testing of a system.
Table. 3 Specification of the DC/DC converter unit
In the experiment, an air-conditioning equipment is used for
the system action testing. Fig. 1 shows the model used in this
DC/DC converter unit study. This model is composed of an air conditioner, a PV
Maximum output power 1.3kW power generation system, a PCS, and a DC/DC converter. This
Input operation voltage range DC40~230V model has two operation modes. Each operation mode is
Voltage boost range magnification 1.1~4 described as follows.
Number of circuit 1
Power conversion efficiency 98% I) AC/DC power supply mode:
The air-conditioning equipment uses DC power from the
Table 4 Specification of the Air conditioner
PV power system. For this case, the result is shown in Figure 5
and Figure 6.
Indoor unit
Rated voltage 100V
Then, PCS transmits the power, which merges with the PV
Rated frequency 50/60Hz
power. For this case, the result shows two types of operations
— one where PCS is used and the other where is it not used.
Rated power consumption of the electric motor 0.77kW
Cooling operation current 6.5A II) PCS mode:
Rated cooling power consumption 0.56kW
Here, we perform the backward flow of power using PCS.
Outdoor unit
In this case, the result is shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Rated voltage 100V
Rated frequency 50/60Hz Simultaneously, we conduct two kinds of investigations.
Compressor electrical motor output 600W The first is a pattern that receives power from Line 1. The
second is a pattern that receives power from Line 2.
Figure 2 shows the results of the DC / AC power supply. In
IV. EXPERIMENT this case, (a) shows the DC voltage characteristics, (b) shows
the DC power characteristics, (c) shows the AC power
In this paper, an experiment is conducted using the model characteristics and (d) shows the power consumption of DC
indicated in Figure 1. In this system, we operate an air and AC. As a result, it is confirmed that the power supply of
conditioner that can function with DC supply. During this time, the air conditioner has been switched from DC to AC in a span

230
of 75 s when the output of the PV reduces, and it can be shows the DC power characteristics, and (c) shows the AC
operated either with DC or AC. In addition, from (d), it can be power characteristics. In the first 10 min, we supply electricity
confirmed that the instantaneous switching of DC to AC from the AC power supply to the air conditioner; PV generated
accompanying PV generation amount is effective, and the power returns to the system via ACPCS. After 10 min, when
practical application of DC for home appliances is effective. the DC supply to the air conditioner is turned on, the source of
power supplied to the air conditioner is restricted to DC. This is
Figure 3 shows the results of using the PCS mode (Line 1). because the voltage supplied by the DC bus is 100 V more
In this case, (a) shows the DC voltage characteristics, (b) than the voltage rectified by AC. As a result, after 19 min, the
400.000
voltage is more stable in Line 1 when compared with Line 2.
350.000
PV output This is because it is not assumed that the power of the DC bus
is restored to the grid via ACPCS in the case of sunlight; so it
300.000

DC load
is presumed that the control is disturbed. Therefore, it is
250.000
considered more appropriate to use the Line 1 when using the
Voltage(V)

200.000
DC link for the existing facility.
150.000

100.000

50.000 450
DC PCS
0.000 400
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Time(min) 350

(a) DC Voltage characteristics 300

Voltage(V)
250
PV output

3.000 200 DC load


PV output 150
2.500
100

2.000 50
Power(kW)

DC load 0
1.500 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time(min)

1.000
(a) DC Voltage characteristics
0.500

0.000 10.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Time(min)
8.00 PCS input
(b) DC Power characteristics
6.00
Power(kW)

2.500

AC load PV output
2.000 4.00

1.500
Power(kW)

2.00 DC load

1.000
0.00 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time(min)
0.500

0.000 (b) DC Power characteristics


0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Time(min)
3

(c) AC Power characteristics 2.5

3.000 1.5

1 AC load
Power(kW)

DC load AC load
2.500
0.5

2.000 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Power(kW)

-0.5
1.500
-1
PCS output
1.000
-1.5

-2
0.500 Time(min)

0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time(min) (c) AC Power characteristics
(d) Air Conditioning Equipment Power consumption Fig.3 Operation result of DC power supply
Fig.2 Operation result of DC/AC power supply : Operation mode II-type.
: Operation mode I-type. (Line1)

231
450.0
DC PCS output
V. CONCLUSION
400.0

350.0
In this paper, we proposed a DC operation method for
300.0
home appliances. As a result, we confirmed the effectiveness
of the DC home appliance operation. Moreover, it is confirmed
Voltage(V)

250.0

200.0
DC load
that DC household appliances can be operated even when
PV output
150.0 surplus PV power is generated, and it is established that the
100.0 reverse power flow of surplus electric power is also possible. In
50.0 future, we will develop this method and strive to further
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
improve the efficiency of DC home appliances.
Time(min)

(a) DC Voltage characteristics REFERENCES


[1] Hiroshi KAWAMURA:” Technology and Problem of direct current
15.00
power supply in the home using the 300 voltage“,
EMC,2013,2.5,No.298,pp25-38(2013)(in Japanese)
10.00
PV output
[2] Otosaka Akihiro, Takayama Satosh, Ishigami Atushi, Ino Toshiro,
Otsuka Keisuke:” Study on DC Supply of Photovoltaic Generation to
5.00 DC PCS output
Air-conditioner Load for Plant Factory”, The Institute of Electrical
Installation Engineers of Japan, 34(10), 753-759, 2014(in Japanese)
Power(kW)

0.00 [3] SHARP Corporation:http://www.sharp.co.jp/corporate/news/151127-


DC load
a.html(2015.11)(in Japanese).
-5.00 [4] Hiroaki Mioshi, Takashi Takeda, Kazuto Yukita, Yasuuki Goto,
Katsuhiro Iciyanagi: Operation method of AC/DC power system with
-10.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
DGs using power control, DC Microgrids (ICDCM), 2015 IEEE First
Time(min) International Conference on.
[5] Tomohito Ushirokawa; Kazufumi Yuasa; Takashi Takeda; Hiroaki
(b) DC Power characteristics Miyoshi; Kazuto Yukita:Verification of cost saving for office building
using renewable energy and battery system, 2015 IEEE International
6 Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)
5 [6] Tos5ihisa Funabashi:INTEGRATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
4 RESOURCE IN POWER SYSTEMS,ACADEMIC PRESS,2016
3

2 AC load
Power(kW)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
-1

-2

-3
PCS output
-4
Time(min)

(d) AC Power characteristics


Fig.4 Operation result of DC power supply
: Operation mode II-type.
(Line2)

232

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