AR341/343D – Architectural Design VI, AY 2018 - 2019

Research No. 2: International Airport

CHAPTER 1:

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 INTRODUCTION
The growth of our nation lies in the development and the drive of our economy to strive and

live above it all. On these modern developments, our world is engaged in a fast phase

society, a society that we who are inhibiting its domain should not be left behind by its

paces. But for this, different problems and issues come out that are needed to be solved.

Above all the rising development that we can observe in the city, lays a much more intricate

problem behind it. In a growing economy, the primary needs are for the basic transport to be

a basic necessity.
An airport is a place where airplanes land and take off. At an airport passengers and cargo

are picked up and dropped off, and airplanes are refuelled and serviced.
The first airplanes were small and light and needed only an open, flat area to take off and

land. For this reason, and because very few people travelled by air, an early “airport” often

consisted of only unpaved landing field and a hanger, a large building in which airplanes are

housed and repaired.

The terminal building or buildings are the largest at the airport are centre of many services

and activities. All passengers must pass through a terminal when boarding or leaving an

airplane. When you arrive at the terminal, you will first go to the airline ticket counter.

There, in exchange for your ticket, the airline agent will give you your boarding pass, which

gives you permission to sit in a specific seat on the airplanes.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

CASTILLO | JAO | MANAPAT | RAYOS

Bachelor of Science and Architecture - 3B
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor
AR341/343D – Architectural Design VI, AY 2018 - 2019
Research No. 2: International Airport

In the past number of years, the airline transportation industry has changed significantly.

Globally, the airline hub and spoke system, the commercialization of the passenger terminal

building, the introduction of the regional jet, air track control, and airport congestion have

been the leading factors in the redevelopment attempts at airports. Other major factors such

as the rapid growth of travelers, the evolving airline demands coupled with new non-aviation

revenue policies of airports have propelled airport planners to come up with more

contemporary solutions to airport layouts and designs.

Since those early days, flight has become an important means of transportation, and aviation

is now a major industry. Today, there are some 36,000 airports of all sizes throughout the

world (including nearly 20,000 private air fields). Airports, like airplanes have become much

larger and more complex. In fact, airports in major cities are often so large that they can

almost qualify as cities themselves. These large air carrier airports handle thousands of

flights every day, mainly those of scheduled airlines. They are especially well equipped to

accommodate large, jet jet-engine airplanes.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 To be knowledgeable about the problems on existing international airports, which

will make it easy to determine the variables which causes inefficiency in the

movement of both the employees/staffs and passengers, considering these variables

could help in forming a solution that will allow efficiency for the best advantage of

its users.
 To also be knowledgeable about new technology and innovations which could also

aid in making a more efficient and sustainable structure.

1.4 GOALS/OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES OF THE STUDY

CASTILLO | JAO | MANAPAT | RAYOS

Bachelor of Science and Architecture - 3B
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor
AR341/343D – Architectural Design VI, AY 2018 - 2019
Research No. 2: International Airport

1.4.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The following strategies are needed for this research to come up with a solution to the

problems:
a. To consider logical arrangement of spaces to ensure efficient movement for users that

will encourage well-organized services.

b. To provide a facility that will be an icon for the people to recognize from exterior to

interior
c. To uplift the current situations and conditions of International Airport in the Philippines

through new approach in designing.

d. To develop an understanding of architecture in the context of the socio-cultural, physical,

physiological, and psychological aspect of designing spaces

e. To provide a building that is functionally designed to make possible a varied program of

activities
f. To design a building that will encompass accepted aesthetic qualities that relate

harmoniously with their surroundings

g. To consider energy conservation concept in the building to be designed
h. To satisfy and attract users in the area and other areas as well
i. To create a therapeutic effect by the use of colors, texture, sound, smell and technology

1.4.2 STRATEGIES:
 Investigating the existing International Airports.
 Conducting interviews with the staffs or employees in the International Airport.
 Reading various sources such as books and other documents.
 Exploring applicable solutions including concepts and technologies.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CASTILLO | JAO | MANAPAT | RAYOS

Bachelor of Science and Architecture - 3B
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor
AR341/343D – Architectural Design VI, AY 2018 - 2019
Research No. 2: International Airport

The difference, in minutes, between the scheduled time

Delay and actual time of an aircraft arrival or departure. For

airport planning purposes, it is often expressed as an

annual average delay per aircraft operation (in minutes).

Hub An airport having a high percentage of connecting

flights.
A commercial air carrier including its equipment, routes,
Airline
operating personnel, and management.

The area above the ground through which aircraft travel

Airspace between their points of origin and destination. It is

divided into corridors, routes, and restricted zones for

the safe and efficient management and control of air

traffic.
Area located in the passenger terminal building for
Baggage Claim Area
checked baggage that has arrived at the final destination

for passengers to reclaim.

Peak Hour An estimate of the busiest hour in a day.

Public Transportation Transportation by bus, rail, or other conveyance, either

publicly or privately owned, that provides to the public a

general or special transport service on a regular and

continuing basis. Also known as “mass transportation,”

“mass transit,” and “transit.”

CASTILLO | JAO | MANAPAT | RAYOS

Bachelor of Science and Architecture - 3B
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor
AR341/343D – Architectural Design VI, AY 2018 - 2019
Research No. 2: International Airport

Queue A line of passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles waiting to

move into, out of, or through a processing facility.

Recycling The collection, reprocessing, marketing, and use of

materials that have been diverted or recovered from the

solid waste stream.

1.7 THE PROBLEM AND THE SITE

The Problem

Amidst the improved economy the country has today, existing number of physical

infrastructures or the lack of it affects yet businesses and investments across the country.

Not so long ago, infrastructures such as airports received embarrassing feedbacks from

local and foreign travelers regarding what the public claimed to be central to the

inefficiency of airport management. One extortion story that social media put some

airports as well as the image of the country on the grill is the “Tanim-Bala (Plant a

Bullet) Plot”. Other issues which old airports still face today are inadequate public

spaces, compromising security, and, lack of interesting and unique amenities. Spatial

problems aggravate especially during week-long holidays and delay and cancellation of

flights. Low-budget transient accommodations are not available when flights are

cancelled due to inclement weather. Security controls delay checking in before enplaning.

Lack of variety of amenities makes the short stay in airports a not so pleasurable

CASTILLO | JAO | MANAPAT | RAYOS

Bachelor of Science and Architecture - 3B
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor
AR341/343D – Architectural Design VI, AY 2018 - 2019
Research No. 2: International Airport

experience. How well then is to design one that responds to present and future spatial

need, effective security controls, users’ physiological needs and amenities that make

travelling an enriching experience?

DESIGN PARAMETERS

The Philippine government has been undertaking measures to improve our terminals like

international ports and airports. These are gateways where business starts and promotes

the beauty and culture of the land. Whatever architectural and engineering intervention

for any infrastructure the government is doing, all government building project now

conform to sustainability and disaster-resiliency standards.

The design study and output of the plate problem shall focus on the following parameters

which become the basis for a template design of airports of any regions in the country:

1. Sustainability Concepts. Maximum use of natural daylighting and passive cooling

wherever possible; installation and integration of solar energy panels into the

design which does not affect significantly the intended or desired visual character

of the building; automated and eco friendly artificial lighting system; interior

landscape that contributes masking noise inside the terminal and reducing carbon

from the building fabric and the end users; and other features such as rainwater

harvesting, ecofriendly plumbing system.

2. Cultural Contexts. The architectural image of the airport where it will be

developed must manifest a fusion of local culture and the conceive repetition of

the Philippines which it is uniquely known.

CASTILLO | JAO | MANAPAT | RAYOS

Bachelor of Science and Architecture - 3B
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor
AR341/343D – Architectural Design VI, AY 2018 - 2019
Research No. 2: International Airport

3. Physical Articulation. Disaster-resilient design, scale and proportion of building

and design elements. The design can be an iconic landmark in the place.
4. Lifestyle Amenities. A have of amenities pleasing to busy travelers- professionals,

businessmen, students, and age-gender-culture-sensitive groups.

5. Security. Defensible spaces. It is knowing when restricted spaces should be

visually or physically separated from the rest of the design. Defensible spaces are

not necessarily oppressive in appearance. Familiarity of the different airline

company staff and airport officials and employees aside from the environment

setting behavior of travelers help in designing defensible spaces.

CASTILLO | JAO | MANAPAT | RAYOS

Bachelor of Science and Architecture - 3B
Ar. Ma. Saturnina Parungao, uap - Instructor