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Description
Dr. Furth wonders if a specific brain chemical can be suppressed if a patient is given a large dose
2.
of vitamin E. Dr. Furth has just demonstrated the _____ step in the scientific method.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Dr. Hernandez predicts that a certain drug will help patients with schizophrenia. Her prediction
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is called _____.
A) a conclusion
B) empirical evidence
C) a hypothesis
D) a result
A researcher designed and conducted an experiment to learn if 350 mg of a certain drug would
4. help patients with bipolar disorder. By designing and conducting this experiment the researcher
was able to _____.
A) draw conclusions
B) demonstrate proof
Dr. Henderson is curious to know more about how children develop over time. To gain an
5. understanding of this subject not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Henderson should
_____.
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
D) developing a hypothesis
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
C) developing a hypothesis
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
C) sharing the results
D) developing a hypothesis
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
C) developing a hypothesis
11. After posing a question, a researcher using the scientific method _____.
A) draws conclusions
B) runs an experiment
C) selects a group of participants
D) develops a hypothesis
12. The final step in the five steps of the scientific method is to _____.
A) test a hypothesis
B) pose a question
C) conduct research
What is a researcher’s first step when designing a research study on children’s language
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acquisition?
A) experiment
B) prediction that can be tested
Dr. Kong does a study in which he finds that smoking is correlated to an increased risk of high
16. blood pressure. He publishes his results. Then Dr. Meco does the same study using different
participants in another city. Dr. Meco’s work is an example of _____.
A) scientific controversy
B) replication
C) ethics
D) observation
17. Dr. Seldor does a study in which she finds that alcohol consumption is correlated to an
increased risk of diabetes. She publishes her results. Then Dr. Al-Jaher does the same study
using different participants in another nation. Dr. Al-Jaher’s work is an example of _____.
A) scientific controversy
B) replication
C) empirical evidence
D) a hypothesis
Parents who spend a great deal of time and money trying to find the best school for their
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children believe in the importance of _____ as it relates to development.
A) nurture
B) replication
C) nature
D) classical conditioning
The term for all the environmental influences that affect development after conception is
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_____.
A) proteins
B) nurture
C) nature
D) amino acids
20. In the science of human development, “nature” refers to _____.
B) environmental influences
C) patterns of development
D) developmental differences
A) universal traits
B) biological traits
C) environmental influences
D) unique traits
22. Most developmental psychologists believe that development is the result of _____.
B) primarily nature
D) primarily nurture
Dr. Towne believes that heredity is primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes
23. that environmental influences are primarily responsible for personality traits. They are on
different sides of the _____ debate.
Susie, who is 5 years old, is the tallest person in her kindergarten class. When her teacher asked
her how she thought she got so tall she said proudly, “My mom and dad are tall and I eat good
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food!” Susie’s statement reflects that she understands that human development comes from
_____.
A) heredity
B) the environment
C) learning
26. The life-span perspective takes into account development from _____.
A) birth to death
D) conception to death
A) infancy
B) emerging adulthood
C) adulthood
D) late adulthood
With respect to the concept of multidirectional development, when change is rapid and
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dramatic, such as when a larva becomes a mosquito, it is an example of _____.
A) continuity
B) discontinuity
C) genetics
D) nurture
The concept of multidirectional development suggests that when change is gradual, as when a
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tortoise grows larger over its 150-year lifespan, it is an example of _____.
A) continuity
B) discontinuity
C) genetics
D) nurture
The human fetus develops fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days after conception but
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cannot develop fingers and toes before or after that time. This is an example of _____.
A) a sensitive period
B) a critical period
C) discontinuity
D) continuity
Between 1957 and 1961, many pregnant women took thalidomide to alleviate morning
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sickness; this drug disrupted a(n) _____ period of prenatal development.
A) sensitive
B) critical
C) early
D) late
34. A woman in Honduras worked in a field treated with pesticides during her pregnancy. When her
son was born, she was horrified to find that he had no limbs. Her pesticide exposure must have
occurred during a(n) _____ period of prenatal development.
A) critical
B) early
C) late
D) sensitive
Bobby did not learn to read until he was an adolescent. When he did learn to read it was much
harder for him to learn and it took him longer to learn to read. If Bobby had learned to read
35. during the early childhood years into the middle childhood years he would have had an easier
time learning to read. Bobby had a hard time learning to read because he did not learn to do so
during the _____ period.
A) critical
B) early
C) late
D) sensitive
36. Which term is NOT associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological-systems approach?
A) mastosystems
B) microsystems
C) exosystems
D) macrosystems
In Bronfenbrenner’s ecological-systems approach, the _____ refers to the interactions among
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systems.
A) macrosystem
B) exosystem
C) microsystem
D) mesosystem
What term did Bronfenbrenner use to describe the impact of the specific time in history on a
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person’s development?
A) macrosystem
B) exosystem
C) microsystem
D) chronosystem
Dorothy was born during the Great Depression. Within the context of the ecological-systems
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approach, knowing this fact allows one to know about her _____.
A) chronosystem.
B) exosystem.
C) microsystem.
D) macrosystem.
Dwayne was born to a single mother living in Chicago. Within the context of the ecological-
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systems approach, knowing this fact allows one to know something about his _____.
A) chronosystem
B) exosystem
C) microsystem
D) macrosystem
Dr. Kilbey is studying the impact of exosystems on human development. Which of these would
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she be MOST interested in examining?
A) Maslow
D) Skinner
A) the ecosystem
B) the microsystem
D) the exosystem
44. In Bronfenbrenner’s ecological-systems model, family and peers are part of a person’s _____.
A) microsystem
B) exosystem
C) macrosystem
D) social system
A) political processes
B) the peer group
D) historical setting
A) ecosystem
B) chronosystem
C) mesosystem
D) macrosystem
Bettie belongs to one cohort; Zahara belongs to another. The only DEFINITE difference between
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these two women is _____.
B) socioeconomic status
C) age
B) network
C) socioeconomic status
D) cohort
49. The people in which group are DEFINITELY members of the same cohort?
A) culture
B) ethnicity
C) social class
D) race
51. An individual’s socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.
A) ethnicity
B) education level
C) political beliefs
D) religion
52. An individual’s socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.
A) ethnicity
B) political beliefs
C) neighborhood
D) religion
53. An individual’s socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.
A) occupation
B) political beliefs
C) race
D) religion
54. Jameel has a college degree, lives in a nice neighborhood, and earns more than $50,000 a year.
This information defines his _____.
A) economic potential
B) socioeconomic status
C) cohort
D) microsystem
A) a cohort
B) culture
C) nature
D) nurture
56. The general term for a concept that is created by society is _____.
A) culture
B) a cohort
C) a social construction
D) SES
The Johnson family always eats dinner together as they really value family time. The Smith
family, however, never eats dinner together as they all value their independence. The fact that
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the families have different values is due to _____. This has affected how the Johnson and Smith
families act.
A) status
B) education
C) social construction
D) physical characteristics
C) how people’s IQ scores have been steadily rising for more than 100 years
assuming that children who are hearing impaired cannot communicate as well as children
A)
who can hear
A) Vygotsky
B) Piaget
C) Bronfenbrenner
D) Skinner
People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who usually share the same
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language and religion are called a(n) _____.
A) race
B) ethnic group
C) SES group
D) exosystem
B) a social construction
C) defined by heritage
D) multidirectional
63. Some social scientists believe that _____ terms exaggerate minor differences between people.
A) color
B) diversity
C) genetic analysis
D) culture
64. Social scientists are convinced, based on genetic analysis, that race is a(n) _____.
A) biological difference
B) culture
C) social construction
D) ethnicity
B) the study of how the environment affects which genes are expressed
Genes alone do not determine development, but rather environmental forces also shape
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development, which has led to the understanding that many human characteristics are _____.
A) plastic
B) epigenetic
C) static
D) diverse
All of the following are categories that are associated with potential causes of depression
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EXCEPT for _____.
A) genes
B) neurology
C) development
D) ethnicity
B) a life crisis
C) high levels of serotonin
D) poverty
A) fact that many academic fields contribute data to the science of development
D) potential for human traits to be modeled during development but also to remain durable
C) the idea that human traits may change or stay the same over time
The idea that human development is an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the body,
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mind, and every aspect of the environment is known as the _____.
A) dynamic-systems approach
B) theory of evolution
C) concept of universality
D) domino effect
C) a woman who leaves her job to stay home with her newborn
73. Differential sensitivity means that certain people have genes that _____.
If a researcher watches 1-week-old babies and records how many times they open and close
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their eyes while lying in their cribs, he is most likely using _____.
A) the case-study method
B) a controlled experiment
C) cross-sectional research
D) scientific observation
When a researcher wants to determine the cause of a particular behavior, the appropriate
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research method to use is a(n) _____.
A) case study
B) scientific observation
C) experiment
D) survey
B) It is any unmeasured variable that is uncontrolled within the context of the experiment.
B) It is any unmeasured variable that is uncontrolled within the context of the experiment.
81. What is the only research method that can establish a cause-and-effect relationship?
A) a case study
B) a survey
C) an experiment
D) scientific observation
A) gender
B) blood type
C) eye color
D) level of depression
In an experiment, the group of participants who receive the imposed treatment or special
83.
condition is referred to as the _____ group.
A) independent
B) dependent
C) experimental
D) comparison
A) a laboratory experiment
B) a survey
C) naturalistic observation
Dr. Devalle is conducting interviews, collecting background information, and running a series of
85.
tests on a single individual over several years. She is conducting a(n) _____.
A) survey
B) experiment
C) case study
D) observation
86. _____ is a quick way to study the development of a large group of people.
A) A case study
B) Survey research
C) A cohort-sequential study
D) Longitudinal research
Dr. Bloom wanted to learn if ice cream preferences were different at different stages of
development. For her study, she conducted a one-time assessment in which she asked a group
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of 5-year-olds, a group of 15-year-olds, and a group of 30-year-olds to identify their ice cream
preferences. Dr. Bloom conducted a _____.
A) case study
B) cross-sectional study
C) longitudinal study
D) cross-sequential study
D) participants becoming aware of the goals of the study and changing their behaviors or
answers
Which type of research design combines the cross-sectional design with the longitudinal
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research design?
A) cross-sequential
B) cross-sectional
C) meta-sequential
D) longitudinal
A correlation does not indicate that one variable causes the other to occur; rather, it indicates
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that there is a _____ between the two variables.
A) proof
B) validity
C) reliability
D) relationship
The more Hank eats, the less hungry he feels. The correlation that exists between Hank’s food
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intake and his hunger is _____.
A) positive
B) negative
C) zero
D) causal
If a researcher finds a positive correlation between school grades and school attendance, one
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can conclude that _____.
If a researcher finds that there is a correlation between secondhand smoke and children’s
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asthma, he knows for SURE that _____.
97. Participants in a research study must understand and agree to the research procedures and also
be made aware of any potential risks associated with the research participation. This process is
known as _____.
A) holding harmless
B) informed consent
C) release of liability
D) rite of research
When doing research with anyone under the age of 18, which of the following must be
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obtained?
B) the names of the children’s biological parents if the children are adopted
C) consent from the parents and children (if children are able to consent)
A) children to consent to the research participation (when they are able to consent)
C) the study to be published if the children agree to the study being published
101. From an ethical stance, researchers should choose topics of study that _____.
Answer Key
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. B
11. D
12. D
13. C
14. B
15. A
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. B
20. A
21. C
22. C
23. A
24. D
25. B
26. D
27. D
28. B
29. A
30. B
31. C
32. D
33. B
34. A
35. D
36. A
37. D
38. D
39. A
40. C
41. C
42. C
43. D
44. A
45. A
46. B
47. C
48. D
49. D
50. C
51. B
52. C
53. A
54. B
55. B
56. C
57. C
58. A
59. A
60. A
61. B
62. B
63. A
64. C
65. B
66. B
67. D
68. C
69. D
70. C
71. A
72. B
73. A
74. D
75. A
76. C
77. D
78. C
79. A
80. C
81. C
82. D
83. C
84. A
85. C
86. B
87. B
88. A
89. A
90. D
91. C
92. D
93. B
94. A
95. D
96. A
97. B
98. C
99. B
100. A
101. C